National Mandate Party

On 14 May 1998, around 50 political figures, including Goenawan Mohammad, Faisal Basri, and Amien Rais established an organization called the Peoples Mandate Council ({{langx|id|Majelis Amanat Rakyat, MARA}}) open to anybody who wanted to listen and express opinions. At the time, Amien Rais said that MARA would assess the performance of President Suharto's cabinet over the next six months. He also said that the people needed a strong forum that was respected by those in power and that the power structure under Suharto was not good at listening to people's opinions because it had become arrogant. At the time of the downfall of the Suharto regime in 1998, many new parties were being established and some of them wanted Amien Rais and other members of MARA to join them. One of these was the Crescent Star Party whose eventual leader Yusril Ihza Mahendra tried to persuade Amien Rais to establish a party. When he refused the offer, the party went its own way. On July 27, 1998 (the day after the declaration of the creation of the Crescent Star Party), Amien Rais announced the establishment of a new party to be called the People's Mandate Party ({{langx|id|Partai Amanat Bangsa, PAB|links=no}}). This was changed to the current name after a lengthy voting process. The new party had its roots in the principles of religious morality, humanity, and prosperity.Kazhaim & Hamzah (1999) pp. 34-37Dhakidae pp. 228-229

{{Main|List of chairpersons of the National Mandate Party}}

On 11 February 2020, a PAN national congress, held in Kendari, Southeast Sulawesi, was marred by violence when party members started throwing chairs at one another amid a dispute over candidates to lead the party. One PAN member suffered a broken leg during the melee. Reports said thugs had been deployed at the congress to support Mulfachri Harahap's candidacy for the party leadership.{{cite news |last=Ucu |first=Karta Raharja |date=13 February 2020 |title=Kongres PAN Rusuh, Mulfachri Dituduh Bawa Preman |work=Republika |publisher= |url=https://nasional.republika.co.id/berita/q5m394282/kongres-pan-rusuh-mulfachri-dituduh-bawa-preman |access-date=13 February 2020}} PAN leader Zulkifli was re-elected at the congress, receiving 331 votes, while Mulfachri received 225 votes.{{cite news |date=12 February 2020 |title=Zulkifli Reelected PAN Chairman in Chaotic Congress |work=The Jakarta Globe |publisher= |url=https://jakartaglobe.id/news/zulkifli-reelected-pan-chairman-in-chaotic-congress |access-date=13 February 2020}}

In the 1999 elections, PAN won 7.4 percent of the vote and 34 seats in the legislature. The party then played a key role in putting together a central axis of Islamic political parties in the People's Consultative Assembly which helped ensure that Abdurrahman Wahid defeated Megawati Sukarnoputri when that chamber elected the president.

However, PAN's support for Abdurrahman Wahid did not last long. Less than a year after officially confirming its support for him at its first congress in Yogyakarta in February 2000, the party withdrew this support, saying it was concerned about the condition of the nation and state of Indonesia. Not long after that, Abdurrahman Wahid was voted out of office and replaced by Megawati Sukarnoputri.

For the 2004 elections, the party set a target of 15 percent of the vote. To promote his presidential candidacy, Amien Rais made a series of visits around the country. He also said that he was convinced that a retired military officer should be his vice-president. However, in the legislative election, the party won 6.4% of the popular vote and 52 out of 550 legislative seats. For the presidential election, Amien Rais stood with Siswono Yudo Husodo as his running mate but only won 15% of the vote.Dhakidae pp. 229-2

File:National Mandate Party Bhaskara Front 2009.jpg

The party came fifth in the 2009 legislative election with 6% of the vote, gaining 43 seats in the People's Representative Council.{{cite web |url=http://mediacenter.kpu.go.id/berita/472-kpu-rubah-perolehan-kursi-parpol-di-dpr.html |website=Indonesian General Election Commission |title=KPU Ubah Perolehan Kursi Parpol di DPR (KPU Changes Allocations of Parties' seats in the DPR) |date=14 May 2009 |language=id |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006080451/http://mediacenter.kpu.go.id/berita/472-kpu-rubah-perolehan-kursi-parpol-di-dpr.html |archive-date=6 October 2014}}

Despite its declining influence and popularity, the party aimed to garner at least 10 percent of the vote in 2014.{{Cite web|title=PAN aims high despite declining influence|url=https://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2014/03/21/pan-aims-high-despite-declining-influence.html|access-date=2020-10-03|website=The Jakarta Post|language=en}} However, in the legislative election, PAN only won 7.49 percent of the vote.{{Citation needed|date=November 2021}} A few weeks after the legislative election, PAN announced party leader Hatta Rajasa as vice presidential candidate to run alongside Prabowo Subianto.{{Cite web|title=PAN to announce Hatta's vice president nomination|url=https://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2014/05/13/pan-announce-hatta-s-vice-presidential-nomination.html|access-date=2020-10-03|website=The Jakarta Post|language=en}}

At the time of own establishment in 1998, the party has declared Pancasila as its ideological base.{{sfn|Ananta |Arifin|Suryadinata|2005|p=12}} However, subsequently, as outside scholars note, due to the party’s close cooperation with the Islamic organization Muhammadiyah, its support from predominantly Muslim voters and other reasons, the party’s ideology became more religious and more Muslim or Islamic democratic, but far from Islamism.{{sfn|King|2011|pp=263, 270–271}} Nowadays, PAN is the moderate and most progressive among other Indonesian religious parties.

PAN is open to all elements of society, regardless of gender, ethnicity, or religion. According to the party website, PAN strives for the sovereignty of the people, social justice, and a better life for the people to bring about an Indonesian nation that is prosperous, developed, independent, and dignified. It also wants to realize good and clean governance that protects all the people and brings prosperity and to see a united, sovereign nation. The party wants to play a part in implementing world order based on independence, eternal peace, and social justice, and wants Indonesia to be respected in the international community.{{cite web |url=http://www.pan.or.id/prinsip-dasar/ |title=Prinsip Dasar |website=PAN official website |language=id}}

Note: Bold text indicates the party member

• {{cite book |surname1=Ananta |given1=Aris |surname2=Arifin |given2=Evi Nurvidya |surname3=Suryadinata |given3=Leo |title=Emerging Democracy in Indonesia |place=Singapore |year=2005 |publisher=Institute of Southeast Asian Studies |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1QpWEAtDjWMC |isbn=981-230-323-5}}
• Dhakidae, Daniel (ed.), (2004) Partai-Partai Politik Indonesia: Ideologi dan Program 2004-2009 [Indonesian Political Parties: Ideologies and Programs 2004-2009] (in Indonesian). Kompas (1999) {{ISBN|979-709-121-X}}
• Evans, Kevin Raymond, (2003) The History of Political Parties & General Elections in Indonesia, Arise Consultancies, Jakarta, {{ISBN|979-97445-0-4}}
• {{cite book |surname=King |given=Blair A. |chapter=Chapter 4. Government and Politics |editor1=Frederick, William H. |editor2=Worden, Robert L. |title=Indonesia: A Country Study |series=Area handbook series, 39 |others=Library of Congress, Federal Research Division |edition=6th |place=Washington, DC |publisher=U.S. Government Printing Office |year=2011 |pages=225–306 |chapter-url={{Google books|id=6dgmXWMgWcwC|plainurl=y|page=225}}|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6dgmXWMgWcwC |isbn=978-0-8444-0790-6}}
• Musa Kazhim & Alfian Hamzah (1999) 5 Partai Dalam timbangan (5 Parties in Consideration), Putaka Hidaya, Bandung {{ISBN|979-9109-17-5}} Indonesian

• List of Islamic political parties

{{Reflist|2}}

{{Indonesian political parties}}

{{Islam in Indonesia}}

{{United Development Party}}

Category:1998 establishments in Indonesia

Category:Islamic democratic political parties

Category:Islamic political parties in Indonesia

Category:Pancasila political parties

Category:Political parties established in 1998

Category:Political parties in Indonesia