Near-close near-front rounded vowel

{{Redirect-distinguish-text|ʏ|Y (lowercase: y), Ү (lowercase: ү), Υ (lowercase: υ), or Γ (lowercase: γ)}}

{{Infobox IPA

|ipa symbol=ʏ

|ipa number=320

|decimal=655

|x-sampa=Y

|kirshenbaum=I.

|imagefile=IPA Unicode 0x028F.svg

|imagesize=150px

|braille=in

|braille2=y

}}

File:Spectrogram of near-close near-front rounded vowel (IPA ʏ).png

The near-close front rounded vowel, or near-high front rounded vowel,{{Vowel terminology}} is a type of vowel sound, used in some spoken languages.

The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is {{angbr IPA|ʏ}}, a small capital version of the Latin letter y, and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is Y.

Handbook of the International Phonetic Association defines {{IPA|[ʏ]}} as a mid-centralized (lowered and centralized) close front rounded vowel (transcribed {{IPA|[y̽]}} or {{IPA|[ÿ˕]}}), and the current official IPA name of the vowel transcribed with the symbol {{angbr IPA|ʏ}} is near-close near-front rounded vowel.{{sfnp|International Phonetic Association|1999|pp=13, 171, 180}} However, acoustic analysis of cardinal vowels as produced by Daniel Jones and John C. Wells has shown that basically all cardinal front rounded vowels (so not just {{IPAblink|y}} but also {{IPA|[{{IPAplink|ø}}, {{IPAplink|œ}}, {{IPAplink|ɶ}}]}}) are near-front (or front-central) in their articulation, so {{IPA|[ʏ]}} may be just a lowered cardinal {{IPAblink|y}} ({{IPA|[y˕]}}), a vowel that is intermediate between cardinal {{IPAblink|y}} and cardinal {{IPAblink|ø}}.Geoff Lindsey (2013) [http://englishspeechservices.com/blog/the-vowel-space/ The vowel space], Speech Talk In many languages that contrast close, near-close and close-mid front rounded vowels, there is no appreciable difference in backness between them.{{sfnp|Szende|1994|p=92}}{{sfnp|Engstrand|1999|p=140}}{{sfnp|Lodge|2009|p=87}}{{sfnp|Peters|2017|p=?}} In some transcriptions, the vowel is transcribed with {{angbr IPA|y}}For example, by {{Harvcoltxt|Collins|Mees|2013|p=225}} and {{Harvcoltxt|Szende|1994|p=92}}. or {{angbr IPA|ø}}.For example by {{Harvcoltxt|Chen|Gussenhoven|2015|p=328}}; {{Harvcoltxt|Basbøll|Wagner|1985|p=40}}, cited in {{Harvcoltxt|Basbøll|2005|p=48}} and {{Harvcoltxt|Peters|2017|p=?}}. When that is the case, this article transcribes it with the symbols {{angbr IPA|y˕}} (a lowered {{angbr IPA|y}}) and {{angbr IPA|ø̝}} (a raised {{angbr IPA|ø}}), respectively. {{angbr IPA|ʏ}} implies too weak a rounding in some cases (specifically in the case of the vowels that are described as tense in Germanic languages, which are typically transcribed with {{angbr IPA|øː}}), which would have to be specified as {{angbr IPA|ʏ̹}}.

In some languages, however, {{angbr IPA|ʏ}} is used to transcribe a vowel that is as low as close-mid but still fits the definition of a lowered and centralized (or just lowered) cardinal {{IPAblink|y}}. It occurs in German Standard German as well as some dialects of English (such as Estuary),{{sfnp|Hall|2003|pp=93–94, 107}}{{sfnp|Dudenredaktion|Kleiner|Knöbl|2015|pp=34, 64}}{{sfnp|Altendorf|Watt|2004|pp=188, 191}} and it can be transcribed with the symbol {{angbr IPA|ʏ̞}} (a lowered {{angbr IPA|ʏ}}) in narrow transcription. For the close-mid front rounded vowel that is not usually transcribed with the symbol {{angbr IPA|ʏ}} (or {{angbr IPA|y}}), see close-mid front rounded vowel.

In most languages, the rounded vowel is pronounced with compressed lips (in an exolabial manner). However, in a few cases, the lips are protruded (in an endolabial manner), such as in Swedish, which contrasts the two types of rounding.

Transcription

The near-close front rounded vowel is transcribed with {{angbr IPA|y}}, {{angbr IPA|ʏ}} and {{angbr IPA|ø}} in world's languages. However, when the Latin {{angbr IPA|y}} or {{angbr IPA|ø}} are used for this vowel, {{angbr IPA|ʏ}} may still be used for phonological reasons for a vowel that is lower than near-close, potentially leading to confusion. This is the case in several Germanic language varieties, as well as in some transcriptions of Shanghainese.

In the following table, the difference between compressed and protruded vowels is ignored, except in the case of Swedish. Short vowels transcribed with {{angbr IPA|ʉ}}, {{angbr IPA|ʏ}}, {{angbr IPA|ɵ}} and {{angbr IPA|œ}} in broad transcription are assumed to have a weak rounding in most cases.

class="wikitable" style="clear: both;" ! rowspan="3" \| Symbol ! colspan="12" \| Phonetic values in various language varieties
rowspan="2" \| Dutch	rowspan="2" \| Dzongkha	colspan="2" \| Frisian languages	German	colspan="3" \| Limburgish	rowspan="2" \| Shanghainese	Swedish
{{small\|Fering}} ! {{small\|Saterland}} ! {{small\|Northern Standard}} ! {{small\|Hamont-Achel}} ! {{small\|Maastricht}} ! {{small\|Weert}} ! {{small\|Central Standard}}
{{angbr IPA\|y}} \| {{IPAblink\|y}} ~ {{IPA\|[ʏ]}} ~ {{IPAblink\|ʉ}} \| {{N/A}} \| {{N/A}} \| {{IPAblink\|y}} \| {{IPAblink\|y}} \| {{IPAblink\|ʉ̞}} \| {{IPAblink\|ʉ}} \| {{IPAblink\|y}} \| {{N/A}} \| same as {{angbr IPA\|ʏ}}
{{angbr IPA\|yː}} \| {{IPAblink\|yː}} ~ {{IPA\|[ʏː]}} ~ {{IPAblink\|ʉː}} \| {{IPAblink\|yː}} ~ {{IPA\|[ʏː]}} \| {{IPAblink\|yː}} \| {{IPAblink\|yː}} \| {{IPAblink\|yː}} \| {{IPAblink\|yː}} \| {{IPAblink\|ʉː}} \| {{IPAblink\|yː}} \| {{N/A}} \| {{IPAblink\|y̫ː}}
{{angbr IPA\|ʉ}} \| same as {{angbr IPA\|ʏ}} \| {{N/A}} \| {{N/A}} \| {{N/A}} \| {{N/A}} \| {{N/A}} \| {{N/A}} \| {{N/A}} \| {{N/A}} \| {{IPAblink\|ʉ̞ᵝ}}
{{angbr IPA\|ʉː}} \| {{N/A}} \| {{N/A}} \| {{N/A}} \| {{N/A}} \| {{N/A}} \| {{N/A}} \| {{N/A}} \| {{N/A}} \| {{N/A}} \| {{IPA\|[ʏᵝː]}} ~ {{IPAblink\|yᵝː}}
{{angbr IPA\|ʏ}} \| {{IPAblink\|ɵ}} \| {{N/A}} \| {{IPAblink\|ʉ̞}} \| {{IPAblink\|ø}} \| {{IPAblink\|ø\|ø̜}} \| {{IPAblink\|ɵ}} \| {{IPAblink\|ɵ}} \| {{IPAblink\|ɵ}} \| {{IPAblink\|ø}} \| {{IPAblink\|ø̫}} ~ {{IPA\|[ʏ̫]}} ~ {{IPAblink\|y̫}}
{{angbr IPA\|ø}} \| same as {{angbr IPA\|øː}} \| {{N/A}} \| {{N/A}} \| {{N/A}} \| {{IPAblink\|ø\|ø̹}} \| same as {{angbr IPA\|øː}} \| same as {{angbr IPA\|øː}} \| same as {{angbr IPA\|øː}} \| {{IPA\|[ʏ]}} \| same as {{angbr IPA\|œ}}
{{angbr IPA\|øː}} \| {{IPA\|[øʏ]}} ~ {{IPAblink\|øː}} ~ {{IPAblink\|ɵː}} \| {{IPAblink\|øː}} ~ {{IPAblink\|œː}} \| {{IPAblink\|ʉ̞ː}} \| {{IPA\|[ʏː]}} \| {{IPAblink\|ø\|ø̹ː}} \| {{IPAblink\|ɵː}} \| {{IPAblink\|ɵː}} ~ {{IPA\|[ɵʊ̈]}} \| {{IPA\|[øə]}} \| {{N/A}} \| {{IPAblink\|ø̫ː}}
{{angbr IPA\|ɵ}} \| same as {{angbr IPA\|ʏ}} \| {{N/A}} \| {{N/A}} \| {{N/A}} \| {{N/A}} \| {{N/A}} \| {{N/A}} \| {{N/A}} \| {{N/A}} \| {{IPAblink\|ɵ̞ᵝ}}
{{angbr IPA\|œ}} \| same as {{angbr IPA\|ʏ}} \| {{N/A}} \| {{IPAblink\|ɵ}} \| {{IPAblink\|œ}} \| {{IPAblink\|œ}} \| {{IPAblink\|œ}} \| {{IPAblink\|œ̝}} \| {{IPAblink\|œ̝}} \| {{N/A}} \| {{IPAblink\|œ̫˔}}
{{angbr IPA\|œː}} \| {{IPAblink\|œː}} \| {{N/A}} \| {{N/A}} \| {{IPAblink\|øː}} \| {{IPAblink\|œː}} \| {{IPAblink\|œː}} \| {{IPAblink\|ɞː}} \| {{IPAblink\|œ̝ː}} \| {{N/A}} \| {{N/A}}

class="wikitable" style="clear: both;"

! rowspan="3" | Symbol

! colspan="12" | Phonetic values in various language varieties

rowspan="2" | Dutch

rowspan="2" | Dzongkha

colspan="2" | Frisian languages

German

colspan="3" | Limburgish

rowspan="2" | Shanghainese

Swedish

! {{small|Saterland}}

! {{small|Northern Standard}}

! {{small|Hamont-Achel}}

! {{small|Maastricht}}

! {{small|Weert}}

! {{small|Central Standard}}

| {{IPAblink|y}} ~ {{IPA|[ʏ]}} ~ {{IPAblink|ʉ}}

| {{N/A}}

| {{IPAblink|y}}

| {{IPAblink|ʉ̞}}

| {{IPAblink|ʉ}}

| {{IPAblink|y}}

| {{N/A}}

| same as {{angbr IPA|ʏ}}

| {{IPAblink|yː}} ~ {{IPA|[ʏː]}} ~ {{IPAblink|ʉː}}

| {{IPAblink|yː}} ~ {{IPA|[ʏː]}}

| {{IPAblink|yː}}

| {{IPAblink|ʉː}}

| {{IPAblink|yː}}

| {{N/A}}

| {{IPAblink|y̫ː}}

| same as {{angbr IPA|ʏ}}

| {{N/A}}

| {{IPAblink|ʉ̞ᵝ}}

| {{N/A}}

| {{IPA|[ʏᵝː]}} ~ {{IPAblink|yᵝː}}

| {{IPAblink|ɵ}}

| {{N/A}}

| {{IPAblink|ʉ̞}}

| {{IPAblink|ø}}

| {{IPAblink|ø|ø̜}}

| {{IPAblink|ɵ}}

| {{IPAblink|ø}}

| {{IPAblink|ø̫}} ~ {{IPA|[ʏ̫]}} ~ {{IPAblink|y̫}}

| same as {{angbr IPA|øː}}

| {{N/A}}

| {{IPAblink|ø|ø̹}}

| same as {{angbr IPA|øː}}

| {{IPA|[ʏ]}}

| same as {{angbr IPA|œ}}

| {{IPA|[øʏ]}} ~ {{IPAblink|øː}} ~ {{IPAblink|ɵː}}

| {{IPAblink|øː}} ~ {{IPAblink|œː}}

| {{IPAblink|ʉ̞ː}}

| {{IPA|[ʏː]}}

| {{IPAblink|ø|ø̹ː}}

| {{IPAblink|ɵː}}

| {{IPAblink|ɵː}} ~ {{IPA|[ɵʊ̈]}}

| {{IPA|[øə]}}

| {{N/A}}

| {{IPAblink|ø̫ː}}

| same as {{angbr IPA|ʏ}}

| {{N/A}}

| {{IPAblink|ɵ̞ᵝ}}

| same as {{angbr IPA|ʏ}}

| {{N/A}}

| {{IPAblink|ɵ}}

| {{IPAblink|œ}}

| {{IPAblink|œ̝}}

| {{N/A}}

| {{IPAblink|œ̫˔}}

| {{IPAblink|œː}}

| {{N/A}}

| {{IPAblink|øː}}

| {{IPAblink|œː}}

| {{IPAblink|ɞː}}

| {{IPAblink|œ̝ː}}

| {{N/A}}

Near-close front compressed vowel

The near-close front compressed vowel is typically transcribed in IPA simply as {{angbr IPA|ʏ}}, and that is the convention used in this article. There is no dedicated diacritic for compression in the IPA. However, the compression of the lips can be shown with the letter {{IPAalink|β̞}} as {{angbr IPA|ɪ͡β̞}} (simultaneous {{IPA|[ɪ]}} and labial compression) or {{angbr IPA|ɪᵝ}} ({{IPA|[ɪ]}} modified with labial compression). The spread-lip diacritic {{angbr IPA| ͍ }} may also be used with a rounded vowel letter {{angbr IPA|ʏ͍}} as an {{Lang|la|ad hoc}} symbol, though technically 'spread' means unrounded.

The close-mid front compressed vowel can be transcribed {{angbr IPA|ɪ̞͡β̞}}, {{angbr IPA|ɪ̞ᵝ}} or {{angbr IPA|ʏ͍˕}}.

=Features=

{{compressed vowel}} The prototypical {{IPA|[ʏ]}} has a weak compressed rounding, more like {{IPAblink|œ}} than the neighboring cardinal vowels.

=Occurrence=

Because front rounded vowels are assumed to have compression, and few descriptions cover the distinction, some of the following may actually have protrusion. Vowels transcribed with {{angbr IPA|y˕}} and {{angbr IPA|ø̝}} may have a stronger rounding than the prototypical value of {{angbr IPA|ʏ}}.

class="wikitable" style="clear: both;" ! colspan="2" \| Language !! Word !! IPA !! Meaning !! Notes
Albanian	Gheg	{{lang\|sq\|yll}}	{{IPA\|[ʏɫ]}}	'star'
colspan="2" \| Bashkir	{{lang\|ba-Cyrl\|дүрт}}/{{Transliteration\|ba\|dürt}}	{{Audio-IPA\|Ba-дүрт.ogg\|[dʏrt]}}	'four'
Bavarian	Northern{{sfnp\|Rowley\|1990\|p=422}}	{{lang\|bar\|vill}}	{{IPA\|[v̥ʏl]}}	'much'	Allophone of {{IPA\|/i/}} before {{IPA\|/l/}}.{{sfnp\|Rowley\|1990\|p=422}}
colspan="2" \| Buwal{{sfnp\|Viljoen\|2013\|p=50}}	colspan="2" align="center" \| {{IPA\|[ɗɛ́ɗʏ̄wɛ̄k]}}	'bitter'	Palatalized allophone of {{IPA\|/ə/}} when adjacent to a labialized consonant.{{sfnp\|Viljoen\|2013\|p=50}}
Chinese	Shanghainese{{sfnp\|Chen\|Gussenhoven\|2015\|p=328}}	{{lang\|wuu\|肝}} / {{Transliteration\|wuu\|koe}}	{{IPA\|[kø̝˩]}}	'liver'	Realization of {{IPA\|/ø/}} in open syllables and {{IPA\|/ʏ/}} in closed syllables. Near-close {{IPA\|[ø̝]}} in the former case, close-mid {{IPA\|[ʏ̞]}} in the latter.{{sfnp\|Chen\|Gussenhoven\|2015\|p=328}}
Danish	Standard{{Harvcoltxt\|Basbøll\|Wagner\|1985\|p=40}}, cited in {{Harvcoltxt\|Basbøll\|2005\|p=48}}.	{{lang\|da\|købe}}	{{IPA\|[ˈkʰø̝ːpə]}}	'buy'	Also described as close-mid {{IPAblink\|øː}}.{{sfnp\|Basbøll\|2005\|p=46}} See Danish phonology
Dutch	Standard{{sfnp\|Collins\|Mees\|2003\|p=132}}	{{lang\|nl\|nu}}	{{IPA\|[nʏ˕]}}	'now'	Also transcribed as close front {{IPAblink\|y}}{{sfnp\|Verhoeven\|2005\|p=245}}{{sfnp\|Gussenhoven\|2007\|p=30}} and, in the Standard Northern accent, as close central {{IPAblink\|ʉ}}.{{sfnp\|Gussenhoven\|1992\|p=47}} Typically transcribed in IPA with {{angbr IPA\|y}}. See Dutch phonology
rowspan="7" \| English	Estuary{{sfnp\|Przedlacka\|2001\|pp=42–43}}{{sfnp\|Altendorf\|Watt\|2004\|pp=188, 190–191}}	rowspan="4" \| foot	rowspan="2" \| {{IPA\|[fʏʔt]}}	rowspan="4" \| 'foot'	Possible realization of {{IPA\|/ʊ/}} and {{IPA\|/uː/}}. In the former case, the height varies between near-close {{IPA\|[ʏ]}} and close-mid {{IPA\|[ʏ̞]}}.{{sfnp\|Przedlacka\|2001\|pp=42–43}}{{sfnp\|Altendorf\|Watt\|2004\|pp=188, 190}}
Multicultural London{{sfnp\|Cruttenden\|2014\|p=91}}	Possible realization of {{IPA\|/ʊ/}}.{{sfnp\|Cruttenden\|2014\|p=91}}
Rural white Southern American{{sfnp\|Thomas\|2004\|pp=303, 308}}	{{IPA\|[fʏt̚]}}	Can be central {{IPAblink\|ʊ̈}} instead.{{sfnp\|Thomas\|2004\|pp=303, 308}}
West Country{{sfnp\|Altendorf\|Watt\|2004\|p=200}}	{{IPA\|[fʏt]}}	Possible realization of {{IPA\|/ʊ/}} and {{IPA\|/uː/}}.{{sfnp\|Altendorf\|Watt\|2004\|p=200}}
New Zealand{{sfnp\|Bauer\|Warren\|Bardsley\|Kennedy\|2007\|p=98}}{{sfnp\|Mannell\|Cox\|Harrington\|2009}}	nurse	{{IPA\|[nʏːs]}}	'nurse'	Possible realization of {{IPA\|/ɵː/}} (and also {{IPA\|/ʉː/}}).{{sfnp\|Bauer\|Warren\|Bardsley\|Kennedy\|2007\|p=98}}{{sfnp\|Mannell\|Cox\|Harrington\|2009}}{{sfnp\|Bauer\|Warren\|2004\|p=582}} See New Zealand English phonology
Ulster{{cite web\|last=Jilka\|first=Matthias\|title=Irish English and Ulster English\|place=Stuttgart\|publisher=Institut für Linguistik/Anglistik, University of Stuttgart\|page=6\|url=http://ifla.uni-stuttgart.de/institut/mitarbeiter/jilka/teaching/dialectology/d9_Ireland.pdf\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140421050911/http://ifla.uni-stuttgart.de/institut/mitarbeiter/jilka/teaching/dialectology/d9_Ireland.pdf\|archive-date=21 April 2014}}	mule	{{IPA\|[mjʏl]}}	'mule'	Short allophone of {{IPA\|/u/}}; occurs only after {{IPA\|/j/}}. See English phonology
Multicultural London \|food \|{{Audio-IPA\|Fʏːd.wav\|[fʏːd]\|help=no}} \|'food' \|
colspan="2" \| Faroese{{Harvcoltxt\|Peterson\|2000}}, cited in {{Harvcoltxt\|Árnason\|2011\|p=76}}	{{lang\|fo\|krúss}}	{{IPA\|[kɹʏsː]}}	'mug'	See Faroese phonology
rowspan="2" \| French	Parisian{{sfnp\|Collins\|Mees\|2013\|p=225}}	{{lang\|fr\|tu}}	{{IPA\|[t̪ʏ˕]}}	'you'	Also described as close {{IPAblink\|y}};{{sfnp\|Fougeron\|Smith\|1993\|p=73}}{{sfnp\|Lodge\|2009\|p=84}} typically transcribed in IPA with {{angbr IPA\|y}}. See French phonology
Quebec{{sfnp\|Walker\|1984\|pp=51–60}}	{{lang\|fr\|lune}}	{{IPA\|[lʏn]}}	'moon'	Allophone of {{IPA\|/y/}} in closed syllables.{{sfnp\|Walker\|1984\|pp=51–60}} See Quebec French phonology
rowspan="2" \| German	Standard{{sfnp\|Hall\|2003\|pp=93–94, 107}}{{sfnp\|Dudenredaktion\|Kleiner\|Knöbl\|2015\|pp=34, 64}}	{{lang\|de\|schützen}}	{{IPA\|[ˈʃʏ̞t͡sn̩]}}	'protect'	Close-mid; it may be as high as {{IPAblink\|y}} for some speakers.{{sfnp\|Hall\|2003\|pp=93–94, 107}}{{sfnp\|Dudenredaktion\|Kleiner\|Knöbl\|2015\|pp=34, 64}} See Standard German phonology
Some speakers{{sfnp\|Dudenredaktion\|Kleiner\|Knöbl\|2015\|p=65}}	{{lang\|de\|schwimmen}}	{{IPA\|[ʃvʏmː]}}	'to swim'	Allophone of {{IPA\|/ɪ/}} before labial consonants. Used by some speakers in Northern and Central Germany.{{sfnp\|Dudenredaktion\|Kleiner\|Knöbl\|2015\|p=65}} See Standard German phonology
colspan="2" \| Hungarian{{sfnp\|Szende\|1994\|p=92}}	{{lang\|hu\|üt}}	{{Audio-IPA\|Hu-üt.ogg\|[y˕t̪]\|help=no}}	'hit'	Typically transcribed in IPA with {{angbr IPA\|y}}. See Hungarian phonology
colspan="2" \| Icelandic{{sfnp\|Árnason\|2011\|p=60}}	{{lang\|is\|vinur}}	{{IPA\|[ˈʋɪ̞ːnʏ̞ɾ]}}	'friend'	Close-mid;{{sfnp\|Árnason\|2011\|p=60}} also described as central {{IPAblink\|ɵ}}.{{Harvcoltxt\|Einarsson\|1945\|p=10}}, cited in {{Harvcoltxt\|Gussmann\|2011\|p=73}} See Icelandic phonology
colspan="2" \| Kazakh	{{lang\|kk\|жүр}}/{{lang\|kk\|jür}}	{{IPA\|[ʑʏr]}}	'go'
colspan="2" \| Kurdish	{{lang\|ku\|dwênê}}	{{IPA\|[dʏneː]}}	'yesterday'	Allophone of /weː/ before consonant.
colspan="2" \| Low German{{sfnp\|Prehn\|2012\|p=157}}	{{lang\|nds\|lütt}} / {{lang\|nds-nl\|lut}}	{{IPA\|[lʏt]}}	'little'
colspan="2" \| Norwegian{{sfnp\|Vanvik\|1979\|pp=13, 20}}	{{lang\|no\|nytt}}	{{IPA\|[nʏtː]}}	'new'	The example word is from Urban East Norwegian, in which the vowel varies between compressed {{IPA\|[ʏ]}} and protruded {{IPAblink\|ʏ̫}}.{{sfnp\|Kristoffersen\|2000\|pp=15–16}} Its height has been variously described as near-close {{IPA\|[ʏ]}}{{sfnp\|Vanvik\|1979\|pp=13, 20}} and close {{IPAblink\|y}}.{{sfnp\|Kvifte\|Gude-Husken\|2005\|p=2}} See Norwegian phonology.
colspan="2" \| Saterland Frisian{{sfnp\|Peters\|2017\|p=?}}	{{lang\|stq\|röögje}}	{{IPA\|[ˈʀø̝ːɡjə]}}	'to rain'	Phonetic realization of {{IPA\|/øː/}} and {{IPA\|/ʏ/}}. Near-close {{IPA\|[ø̝ː]}} in the former case, close-mid {{IPA\|[ʏ̞]}} in the latter. Phonetically, the latter is nearly identical to {{IPA\|/œː/}} ({{IPAblink\|øː}}).{{sfnp\|Peters\|2017\|p=?}}
colspan="2" \| Scots{{sfnp\|Stuart-Smith\|2004\|p=54}}	{{lang\|sco\|buit}}	{{IPA\|[bʏt]}}	'boot'	May be central {{IPAblink\|ʉ}} instead.{{sfnp\|Stuart-Smith\|2004\|p=54}}
Swedish	Central Standard{{sfnp\|Engstrand\|1999\|p=140}}{{sfnp\|Bolander\|2001\|p=55}}	{{lang\|sv\|ut}}	{{IPA\|[ʏːt̪]}}	'out'	Often realized as a sequence {{IPA\|[ʏβ̞]}} or {{IPA\|[ʏβ]}}{{sfnp\|Engstrand\|1999\|p=141}}{{sfnp\|Riad\|2014\|p=28}} (hear the word: {{Audio-IPA\|Sv-ut.ogg\|[ʏβt̪]\|help=no}}). The height has been variously described as near-close {{IPA\|[ʏː]}}{{sfnp\|Engstrand\|1999\|p=140}}{{sfnp\|Bolander\|2001\|p=55}} and close {{IPAblink\|yː}}.{{sfnp\|Riad\|2014\|pp=27–28}} Typically transcribed in IPA with {{angbr IPA\|ʉː}}; it is central {{IPAblink\|ʉː}} in other dialects. See Swedish phonology
colspan="2" \| Turkish{{sfnp\|Göksel\|Kerslake\|2005\|p=11}}	{{lang\|tr\|atasözü}}	{{nowrap\|{{IPA\|[ät̪äˈs̪ø̞z̪ʏ]}}}}	'proverb'	Allophone of {{IPA\|/y/}} described variously as "word-final"{{sfnp\|Göksel\|Kerslake\|2005\|p=11}} and "occurring in final open syllable of a phrase".{{sfnp\|Zimmer\|Organ\|1999\|p=155}} See Turkish phonology
colspan="2" \| Turkmen{{sfnp\|Hoey\|2013\|p=6}}	{{lang\|tk\|Türkmençe}}	{{IPA\|[tʏɾkmøntʃø]}}	'Turkmen'
colspan="2" \| Wymysorys{{cite web\|title=The pure vowels (monophthongs) of Wilamowicean – spectral characteristics\|url=http://www.inne-jezyki.amu.edu.pl/Frontend/Content/About/Wilamowski-monoftongi_EN.pdf\|author=Jarosław Weckwerth\|pages=1–2, 5}}	{{lang\|wym\|büwa}}	{{IPA\|[ˈbʏvä]}}	'boys'

Near-close front protruded vowel

{{Infobox IPA

|above=Near-close front protruded vowel

|ipa symbol = ʏ̫

|ipa symbol2 = ʏʷ

|ipa symbol3 = ɪʷ

}}

Catford notes{{full citation needed|date=July 2019}} that most languages with rounded front and back vowels use distinct types of labialization, protruded back vowels and compressed front vowels. However, a few languages, such as Scandinavian languages, have protruded front vowels. One of them, Swedish, even contrasts the two types of rounding in front vowels as well as height and duration.{{sfnp|Ladefoged|Maddieson|1996|p=?}}

As there are no diacritics in the IPA to distinguish protruded and compressed rounding, the old diacritic for labialization, {{angbr IPA|◌̫}}, will be used here as an ad hoc symbol for protruded front vowels. Another possible transcription is {{angbr IPA|ʏʷ}} or {{angbr IPA|ɪʷ}} (a near-close front vowel modified by endolabialization), but that could be misread as a diphthong.

The close-mid front protruded vowel can be transcribed {{angbr IPA|ʏ̫˕}}, {{angbr IPA|ʏ̞ʷ}} or {{angbr IPA|ɪ̞ʷ}}.

For the close-mid front protruded vowel that is not usually transcribed with the symbol {{angbr IPA|ʏ}} (or {{angbr IPA|y}}), see close-mid front protruded vowel.

Acoustically, this sound is "between" the more typical compressed near-close front vowel {{IPA|[ʏ]}} and the unrounded near-close front vowel {{IPAblink|ɪ}}.

=Features=

{{protruded vowel}} The prototypical {{IPA|[ʏ]}} has a weak rounding (though it is compressed, rather than protruded), more like {{IPAblink|œ}} than the neighboring cardinal vowels.

=Occurrence=

class="wikitable"

! colspan="2" | Language !! Word !! IPA !! Meaning !! Notes

colspan="2" | Norwegian{{sfnp|Vanvik|1979|pp=13, 20}}

'new'

The example word is from Urban East Norwegian, in which the vowel varies between protruded {{IPA|[ʏ̫]}} and compressed {{IPAblink|ʏ͍|ʏ}}.{{sfnp|Kristoffersen|2000|pp=15–16}} Its height has been variously described as near-close {{IPA|[ʏ]}}{{sfnp|Vanvik|1979|pp=13, 20}} and close {{IPAblink|y}}.{{sfnp|Kvifte|Gude-Husken|2005|p=2}} See Norwegian phonology.

Swedish

Central Standard{{sfnp|Engstrand|1999|p=140}}{{sfnp|Bolander|2001|p=55}}

'wool'

The height has been variously described as close-mid {{IPA|[ʏ̫˕]}},{{sfnp|Engstrand|1999|p=140}} near-close {{IPA|[ʏ̫]}}{{sfnp|Bolander|2001|p=55}} and close {{IPAblink|y̫}}.{{sfnp|Dahlstedt|1967|p=16}} See Swedish phonology

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External links

{{phoible|ʏ}}
{{phoible|y̞}}

Category:Near-close vowels

Category:Front vowels

Category:Rounded vowels

class="wikitable" style="clear: both;" ! colspan="2" \| Language !! Word !! IPA !! Meaning !! Notes
Albanian	Gheg	{{lang\|sq\|yll}}	{{IPA\|[ʏɫ]}}	'star'
colspan="2" \| Bashkir	{{lang\|ba-Cyrl\|дүрт}}/{{Transliteration\|ba\|dürt}}	{{Audio-IPA\|Ba-дүрт.ogg\|[dʏrt]}}	'four'
Bavarian	Northern{{sfnp\|Rowley\|1990\|p=422}}	{{lang\|bar\|vill}}	{{IPA\|[v̥ʏl]}}	'much'	Allophone of {{IPA\|/i/}} before {{IPA\|/l/}}.{{sfnp\|Rowley\|1990\|p=422}}
colspan="2" \| Buwal{{sfnp\|Viljoen\|2013\|p=50}}	colspan="2" align="center" \| {{IPA\|[ɗɛ́ɗʏ̄wɛ̄k]}}	'bitter'	Palatalized allophone of {{IPA\|/ə/}} when adjacent to a labialized consonant.{{sfnp\|Viljoen\|2013\|p=50}}
Chinese	Shanghainese{{sfnp\|Chen\|Gussenhoven\|2015\|p=328}}	{{lang\|wuu\|肝}} / {{Transliteration\|wuu\|koe}}	{{IPA\|[kø̝˩]}}	'liver'	Realization of {{IPA\|/ø/}} in open syllables and {{IPA\|/ʏ/}} in closed syllables. Near-close {{IPA\|[ø̝]}} in the former case, close-mid {{IPA\|[ʏ̞]}} in the latter.{{sfnp\|Chen\|Gussenhoven\|2015\|p=328}}
Danish	Standard{{Harvcoltxt\|Basbøll\|Wagner\|1985\|p=40}}, cited in {{Harvcoltxt\|Basbøll\|2005\|p=48}}.	{{lang\|da\|købe}}	{{IPA\|[ˈkʰø̝ːpə]}}	'buy'	Also described as close-mid {{IPAblink\|øː}}.{{sfnp\|Basbøll\|2005\|p=46}} See Danish phonology
Dutch	Standard{{sfnp\|Collins\|Mees\|2003\|p=132}}	{{lang\|nl\|nu}}	{{IPA\|[nʏ˕]}}	'now'	Also transcribed as close front {{IPAblink\|y}}{{sfnp\|Verhoeven\|2005\|p=245}}{{sfnp\|Gussenhoven\|2007\|p=30}} and, in the Standard Northern accent, as close central {{IPAblink\|ʉ}}.{{sfnp\|Gussenhoven\|1992\|p=47}} Typically transcribed in IPA with {{angbr IPA\|y}}. See Dutch phonology
rowspan="7" \| English	Estuary{{sfnp\|Przedlacka\|2001\|pp=42–43}}{{sfnp\|Altendorf\|Watt\|2004\|pp=188, 190–191}}	rowspan="4" \| foot	rowspan="2" \| {{IPA\|[fʏʔt]}}	rowspan="4" \| 'foot'	Possible realization of {{IPA\|/ʊ/}} and {{IPA\|/uː/}}. In the former case, the height varies between near-close {{IPA\|[ʏ]}} and close-mid {{IPA\|[ʏ̞]}}.{{sfnp\|Przedlacka\|2001\|pp=42–43}}{{sfnp\|Altendorf\|Watt\|2004\|pp=188, 190}}
Multicultural London{{sfnp\|Cruttenden\|2014\|p=91}}	Possible realization of {{IPA\|/ʊ/}}.{{sfnp\|Cruttenden\|2014\|p=91}}
Rural white Southern American{{sfnp\|Thomas\|2004\|pp=303, 308}}	{{IPA\|[fʏt̚]}}	Can be central {{IPAblink\|ʊ̈}} instead.{{sfnp\|Thomas\|2004\|pp=303, 308}}
West Country{{sfnp\|Altendorf\|Watt\|2004\|p=200}}	{{IPA\|[fʏt]}}	Possible realization of {{IPA\|/ʊ/}} and {{IPA\|/uː/}}.{{sfnp\|Altendorf\|Watt\|2004\|p=200}}
New Zealand{{sfnp\|Bauer\|Warren\|Bardsley\|Kennedy\|2007\|p=98}}{{sfnp\|Mannell\|Cox\|Harrington\|2009}}	nurse	{{IPA\|[nʏːs]}}	'nurse'	Possible realization of {{IPA\|/ɵː/}} (and also {{IPA\|/ʉː/}}).{{sfnp\|Bauer\|Warren\|Bardsley\|Kennedy\|2007\|p=98}}{{sfnp\|Mannell\|Cox\|Harrington\|2009}}{{sfnp\|Bauer\|Warren\|2004\|p=582}} See New Zealand English phonology
Ulster{{cite web\|last=Jilka\|first=Matthias\|title=Irish English and Ulster English\|place=Stuttgart\|publisher=Institut für Linguistik/Anglistik, University of Stuttgart\|page=6\|url=http://ifla.uni-stuttgart.de/institut/mitarbeiter/jilka/teaching/dialectology/d9_Ireland.pdf\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140421050911/http://ifla.uni-stuttgart.de/institut/mitarbeiter/jilka/teaching/dialectology/d9_Ireland.pdf\|archive-date=21 April 2014}}	mule	{{IPA\|[mjʏl]}}	'mule'	Short allophone of {{IPA\|/u/}}; occurs only after {{IPA\|/j/}}. See English phonology
Multicultural London \|food \|{{Audio-IPA\|Fʏːd.wav\|[fʏːd]\|help=no}} \|'food' \|
colspan="2" \| Faroese{{Harvcoltxt\|Peterson\|2000}}, cited in {{Harvcoltxt\|Árnason\|2011\|p=76}}	{{lang\|fo\|krúss}}	{{IPA\|[kɹʏsː]}}	'mug'	See Faroese phonology
rowspan="2" \| French	Parisian{{sfnp\|Collins\|Mees\|2013\|p=225}}	{{lang\|fr\|tu}}	{{IPA\|[t̪ʏ˕]}}	'you'	Also described as close {{IPAblink\|y}};{{sfnp\|Fougeron\|Smith\|1993\|p=73}}{{sfnp\|Lodge\|2009\|p=84}} typically transcribed in IPA with {{angbr IPA\|y}}. See French phonology
Quebec{{sfnp\|Walker\|1984\|pp=51–60}}	{{lang\|fr\|lune}}	{{IPA\|[lʏn]}}	'moon'	Allophone of {{IPA\|/y/}} in closed syllables.{{sfnp\|Walker\|1984\|pp=51–60}} See Quebec French phonology
rowspan="2" \| German	Standard{{sfnp\|Hall\|2003\|pp=93–94, 107}}{{sfnp\|Dudenredaktion\|Kleiner\|Knöbl\|2015\|pp=34, 64}}	{{lang\|de\|schützen}}	{{IPA\|[ˈʃʏ̞t͡sn̩]}}	'protect'	Close-mid; it may be as high as {{IPAblink\|y}} for some speakers.{{sfnp\|Hall\|2003\|pp=93–94, 107}}{{sfnp\|Dudenredaktion\|Kleiner\|Knöbl\|2015\|pp=34, 64}} See Standard German phonology
Some speakers{{sfnp\|Dudenredaktion\|Kleiner\|Knöbl\|2015\|p=65}}	{{lang\|de\|schwimmen}}	{{IPA\|[ʃvʏmː]}}	'to swim'	Allophone of {{IPA\|/ɪ/}} before labial consonants. Used by some speakers in Northern and Central Germany.{{sfnp\|Dudenredaktion\|Kleiner\|Knöbl\|2015\|p=65}} See Standard German phonology
colspan="2" \| Hungarian{{sfnp\|Szende\|1994\|p=92}}	{{lang\|hu\|üt}}	{{Audio-IPA\|Hu-üt.ogg\|[y˕t̪]\|help=no}}	'hit'	Typically transcribed in IPA with {{angbr IPA\|y}}. See Hungarian phonology
colspan="2" \| Icelandic{{sfnp\|Árnason\|2011\|p=60}}	{{lang\|is\|vinur}}	{{IPA\|[ˈʋɪ̞ːnʏ̞ɾ]}}	'friend'	Close-mid;{{sfnp\|Árnason\|2011\|p=60}} also described as central {{IPAblink\|ɵ}}.{{Harvcoltxt\|Einarsson\|1945\|p=10}}, cited in {{Harvcoltxt\|Gussmann\|2011\|p=73}} See Icelandic phonology
colspan="2" \| Kazakh	{{lang\|kk\|жүр}}/{{lang\|kk\|jür}}	{{IPA\|[ʑʏr]}}	'go'
colspan="2" \| Kurdish	{{lang\|ku\|dwênê}}	{{IPA\|[dʏneː]}}	'yesterday'	Allophone of /weː/ before consonant.
colspan="2" \| Low German{{sfnp\|Prehn\|2012\|p=157}}	{{lang\|nds\|lütt}} / {{lang\|nds-nl\|lut}}	{{IPA\|[lʏt]}}	'little'
colspan="2" \| Norwegian{{sfnp\|Vanvik\|1979\|pp=13, 20}}	{{lang\|no\|nytt}}	{{IPA\|[nʏtː]}}	'new'	The example word is from Urban East Norwegian, in which the vowel varies between compressed {{IPA\|[ʏ]}} and protruded {{IPAblink\|ʏ̫}}.{{sfnp\|Kristoffersen\|2000\|pp=15–16}} Its height has been variously described as near-close {{IPA\|[ʏ]}}{{sfnp\|Vanvik\|1979\|pp=13, 20}} and close {{IPAblink\|y}}.{{sfnp\|Kvifte\|Gude-Husken\|2005\|p=2}} See Norwegian phonology.
colspan="2" \| Saterland Frisian{{sfnp\|Peters\|2017\|p=?}}	{{lang\|stq\|röögje}}	{{IPA\|[ˈʀø̝ːɡjə]}}	'to rain'	Phonetic realization of {{IPA\|/øː/}} and {{IPA\|/ʏ/}}. Near-close {{IPA\|[ø̝ː]}} in the former case, close-mid {{IPA\|[ʏ̞]}} in the latter. Phonetically, the latter is nearly identical to {{IPA\|/œː/}} ({{IPAblink\|øː}}).{{sfnp\|Peters\|2017\|p=?}}
colspan="2" \| Scots{{sfnp\|Stuart-Smith\|2004\|p=54}}	{{lang\|sco\|buit}}	{{IPA\|[bʏt]}}	'boot'	May be central {{IPAblink\|ʉ}} instead.{{sfnp\|Stuart-Smith\|2004\|p=54}}
Swedish	Central Standard{{sfnp\|Engstrand\|1999\|p=140}}{{sfnp\|Bolander\|2001\|p=55}}	{{lang\|sv\|ut}}	{{IPA\|[ʏːt̪]}}	'out'	Often realized as a sequence {{IPA\|[ʏβ̞]}} or {{IPA\|[ʏβ]}}{{sfnp\|Engstrand\|1999\|p=141}}{{sfnp\|Riad\|2014\|p=28}} (hear the word: {{Audio-IPA\|Sv-ut.ogg\|[ʏβt̪]\|help=no}}). The height has been variously described as near-close {{IPA\|[ʏː]}}{{sfnp\|Engstrand\|1999\|p=140}}{{sfnp\|Bolander\|2001\|p=55}} and close {{IPAblink\|yː}}.{{sfnp\|Riad\|2014\|pp=27–28}} Typically transcribed in IPA with {{angbr IPA\|ʉː}}; it is central {{IPAblink\|ʉː}} in other dialects. See Swedish phonology
colspan="2" \| Turkish{{sfnp\|Göksel\|Kerslake\|2005\|p=11}}	{{lang\|tr\|atasözü}}	{{nowrap\|{{IPA\|[ät̪äˈs̪ø̞z̪ʏ]}}}}	'proverb'	Allophone of {{IPA\|/y/}} described variously as "word-final"{{sfnp\|Göksel\|Kerslake\|2005\|p=11}} and "occurring in final open syllable of a phrase".{{sfnp\|Zimmer\|Organ\|1999\|p=155}} See Turkish phonology
colspan="2" \| Turkmen{{sfnp\|Hoey\|2013\|p=6}}	{{lang\|tk\|Türkmençe}}	{{IPA\|[tʏɾkmøntʃø]}}	'Turkmen'
colspan="2" \| Wymysorys{{cite web\|title=The pure vowels (monophthongs) of Wilamowicean – spectral characteristics\|url=http://www.inne-jezyki.amu.edu.pl/Frontend/Content/About/Wilamowski-monoftongi_EN.pdf\|author=Jarosław Weckwerth\|pages=1–2, 5}}	{{lang\|wym\|büwa}}	{{IPA\|[ˈbʏvä]}}	'boys'