Near-open front unrounded vowel

{{Infobox IPA

|ipa symbol=æ

|ipa number=325

|decimal=230

|x-sampa={

|kirshenbaum=&

|braille=sh

|imagefile=IPA Unicode 0x00E6.svg

|imagesize=150px

}}

File:IPA æ Sagittal Section.svg of a vocal tract pronouncing the IPA sound {{angbr IPA|æ}}. Note that a wavy glottis in this diagram indicates a voiced sound.]]

The near-open front unrounded vowel, or near-low front unrounded vowel,{{Vowel terminology}} is a type of vowel sound. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is {{angbr IPA|æ}}, a lowercase of the {{angbr|Æ}} ligature. Both the symbol and the sound are commonly referred to as "ash".

The rounded counterpart of {{IPA|[æ]}}, the near-open front rounded vowel (for which the IPA provides no separate symbol) has been reported to occur allophonically in Danish;{{Harvcoltxt|Grønnum|1998|p=100}}{{Harvcoltxt|Basbøll|2005|p=46}} see open front rounded vowel for more information.

In practice, {{angbr IPA|æ}} is sometimes used to represent the open front unrounded vowel; see the introduction to that page for more information.

In IPA transcriptions of Hungarian and Valencian, this vowel is typically written with {{angbr IPA|ɛ}}.

Features

Occurrence

class="wikitable" style="clear: both;" ! colspan="2" \| Language !! Word !! IPA !! Meaning !! Notes
Afrikaans	Standard{{Harvcoltxt\|Donaldson\|1993\|p=3}}	'perd'	{{IPA\|[pæːrt]}}	'horse'	Allophone of {{IPA\|/ɛ/}}, in some dialects, before {{IPA\|/k χ l r/}}. See Afrikaans phonology
colspan="2" \|Äiwoo \|ikuwä \|[ikuwæ] \|'I go' \|Distinguished from both [a] and [ɑ~ɒ].
Arabic	Standard{{Harvcoltxt\|Holes\|2004\|p=60}}	{{lang\|ar\|كتاب\|rtl=yes}} / 'kitāb'	{{IPA\|[kiˈtæːb]}}	'book'	Allophone of {{IPA\|/a/}} in the environment of plain labial and coronal consonants as well as {{IPA\|/j/}} (depending on the speaker's accent). See Arabic phonology
colspan="2" \| Azerbaijani \| {{lang\|az-Latn\|'Azərbaycan'}}	{{IPA\|[ɑːzæɾbɑjˈd͡ʒɑn]}} \| 'Azerbaijan' \|
colspan="2" \| Bambam{{Harvcoltxt\|Campbell\|1991\|p=5}}	'bätä'	{{IPA\|[ˈbætæ]}}	'stem'
colspan="2" \| Bashkir{{Harvcoltxt\|Berta\|1998\|p=183}} \| {{lang\|gah-Cyrl\|йәй / yäy }} \| {{Audio-IPA\|Ba-йәй.ogg\|[jæj]}} \| 'summer' \|
colspan="2" \| Bengali{{cite web \|title=Bengali romanization table \|url=http://www.bahaistudies.net/asma/bengali_loc.pdf \|website=Bahai Studies \|publisher=Bahai Studies \|access-date=30 October 2020}}	{{lang\|bn\|এক}}/ek	{{IPA\|[æk]}}	'one'	See Bengali phonology
rowspan="4" \| Bulgarian \|Moesian dialects \| rowspan="2" \|{{lang\|bg\|млечен}}/mlečen \| rowspan="2" \|{{IPA\|[mlæt͡ʃɛn]}} \| rowspan="2" \|'made from milk' \|Descendant of Proto-Slavic *ě in places where Standard Bulgarian would have /{{IPAlink\|ɛ}}/. See Yat.
Rup dialects	Descendant of Proto-Slavic *ě in all positions. See Yat.
Teteven dialect	rowspan="2" \| {{lang\|bg\|мъж}}/măž	rowspan="2" \| {{IPA\|[mæʃ]}}	rowspan="2" \| 'man'	rowspan="2" \| In place of Standard Bulgarian [{{IPAlink\|ɤ̞}}] (written as ъ).
Erkech dialect
rowspan="2" \| Catalan	Majorcan{{Harvcoltxt\|Rafel\|1999\|p=14}}	rowspan="2" \| {{lang\|ca\|tesi\|italic=yes}}	rowspan="2" \| {{IPA\|[ˈt̪ɛ̞zi]}}	rowspan="2" \| 'thesis'	rowspan="2" \| Main realization of {{IPA\|/ɛ/}}. More open and centralized before liquids and in monosyllabics. See Catalan phonology
Valencian
colspan="2" \| Chechen	{{lang\|ce-Cyrl\|аьрзу}} / {{lang\|ce-Latn\|ärzu}}	{{IPA\|[ærzu]}}	'eagle'
Danish	Standard{{Harvcoltxt\|Basbøll\|2005\|p=45}}	{{lang\|da\|dansk}}	{{IPA\|[ˈtænˀsk]}}	'Danish'	Most often transcribed in IPA with {{IPAalink\|a}} – the way it is realized by certain older or upper-class speakers.{{Harvcoltxt\|Basbøll\|2005\|p=32}} See Danish phonology
colspan="2" \| Dutch{{Harvcoltxt\|Collins\|Mees\|2003\|pp=92, 129}}	{{lang\|nl\|pen}}	{{IPA\|[pæn]}}	'pen'	Allophone of {{IPA\|/ɛ/}} before {{IPA\|/n/}} and coda {{IPA\|/l/}}. In non-standard accents this allophone is generalized to other positions, where {{IPAblink\|ɛ}} is used in Standard Dutch.{{Harvcoltxt\|Collins\|Mees\|2003\|pp=92, 128–129, 131}} See Dutch phonology
rowspan="3" \| English	Cultivated New Zealand{{Harvcoltxt\|Gordon\|Maclagan\|2004\|p=609}}	rowspan="3" \| cat	rowspan="3" \| {{Audio-IPA\|En-us-cat.ogg\|[kʰæt]}}	rowspan="3" \| 'cat'	Higher in other New Zealand varieties. See New Zealand English phonology
General American{{Harvcoltxt\|Wells\|1982\|p=486}}	See English phonology
Conservative Received Pronunciation{{Harvcoltxt\|Cruttenden\|2014\|pp=119–120}}	Fully open {{IPAblink\|a}} in contemporary RP. See English phonology
colspan="2" \| Estonian{{Harvcoltxt\|Asu\|Teras\|2009\|p=368}}	{{lang\|et\|väle}}	{{IPA\|[ˈvæ̠le̞ˑ]}}	'agile'	Near-front. See Estonian phonology
colspan="2" \| Finnish{{Harvcoltxt\|Suomi\|Toivanen\|Ylitalo\|2008\|p=21}}	{{lang\|fi\|mäki\|italic=yes}}	{{IPA\|[ˈmæki]}}	'hill'	See Finnish phonology
rowspan="2" \| French	Parisian{{Harvcoltxt\|Collins\|Mees\|2013\|p=226}}	{{lang\|fr\|bain\|italic=yes}}	{{IPA\|[bæ̃]}}	'bath'	Nasalized; typically transcribed in IPA with {{angbr IPA\|ɛ̃}}. See French phonology
Quebec{{Harvcoltxt\|Walker\|1984\|p=75}}	{{lang\|fr\|ver\|italic=yes}}	{{IPA\|[væːʁ]}}	'worm'	Allophone of {{IPA\|/ɛ/}} before {{IPA\|/ʁ/}} or in open syllables, and of {{IPA\|/a/}} in closed syllables. See Quebec French phonology
rowspan="4" \| German	Standard Austrian{{Harvcoltxt\|Moosmüller\|Schmid\|Brandstätter\|2015\|p=342}}	{{lang\|de\|erlauben\|italic=yes}}	{{IPA\|[æˈlɑɔ̯bn̩]}}	'allow'	Variant of pretonic {{IPAblink\|ɛɐ̯}}. See Standard German phonology
West Central German accents{{Harvcoltxt\|Dudenredaktion\|Kleiner\|Knöbl\|2015\|p=40}}	{{lang\|de\|oder\|italic=yes}}	{{IPA\|[ˈoːdæ]}}	'or'	Used instead of {{IPAblink\|ɐ}}. See Standard German phonology
Northern accents{{Harvcoltxt\|Dudenredaktion\|Kleiner\|Knöbl\|2015\|p=64}}	{{lang\|de\|alles\|italic=yes}}	{{IPA\|[ˈa̝ləs]}}	'everything'	Lower and often also more back in other accents. See Standard German phonology
Western Swiss accents{{Harvcoltxt\|Dudenredaktion\|Kleiner\|Knöbl\|2015\|p=65}}	{{lang\|de\|spät\|italic=yes}}	{{IPA\|[ʃpæːt]}}	'late'	Open-mid {{IPAblink\|ɛː}} or close-mid {{IPAblink\|eː}} in other accents; contrasts with the open-mid {{IPAslink\|ɛː}}.{{Harvcoltxt\|Dudenredaktion\|Kleiner\|Knöbl\|2015\|pp=34, 64–65}} See Standard German phonology
rowspan="4" \| Greek	Macedonia{{Harvcoltxt\|Newton\|1972\|p=11}}	rowspan="3" \| {{lang\|el\|γάτα}}/gáta	rowspan="3" \| {{IPA\|[ˈɣætæ]}}	rowspan="3" \| 'cat'	rowspan="4" \| See Modern Greek phonology
Thessaly
Thrace
Pontic{{Harvcoltxt\|Revithiadou\|Spyropoulos\|2009\|p=41}}	{{lang\|pnt\|καλάθια}}/{{lang\|pnt-Latn\|kaláthia}}	{{IPA\|[kaˈlaθæ]}}	'baskets'
colspan="2" \| Hungarian{{Harvcoltxt\|Szende\|1994\|p=92}}	{{lang\|hu\|nem\|italic=yes}}	{{IPA\|[næm]}}	'no'	Typically transcribed in IPA with {{angbr IPA\|ɛ}}. See Hungarian phonology
colspan="2" \|Kanoê{{Harvcoltxt\|Bacelar\|2004\|p=60}} \|colspan="2" align="center"\|{{IPA\|[æː]}} \|'tobacco' \|
colspan="2" \| Kazakh \|{{lang\|kk\|әйел}}/äiel \|{{IPA\|[æ̝ˈje̘l̪ʲ]}} \|'woman' \|Varies between near-open and open-mid.
Kurdish \|Sorani (Central) \|{{lang\|ku\|گاڵته}}/ galte \|{{IPA\|[gäːɫtʲæ]}} \|'joke' \|Equal to Palewani (Southern) front {{IPAblink\|a}}. See Kurdish phonology
colspan="2" \| Lakon{{Harvcoltxt\|François\|2005\|p=466}}	{{lang\|lkn\|rävräv\|italic=yes}}	{{IPA\|[ræβræβ]}}	'evening'
colspan="2" \| Limburgish{{Harvcoltxt\|Gussenhoven\|Aarts\|1999\|p=159}}{{Harvcoltxt\|Peters\|2006\|p=119}}{{Harvcoltxt\|Verhoeven\|2007\|p=221}}	{{lang\|li\|twelf\|italic=yes}}	{{IPA\|[ˈtβ̞æ̠ləf]}}	'twelve'	Front or near-front, depending on the dialect. The example word is from the Maastrichtian dialect, in which the vowel is near-front.
colspan="2" \| Lithuanian	{{lang\|LT\|jachtą\|italic=yes}}	{{IPA\|[ˈjæːxt̪aː]}}	'yacht' (accusative)	See Lithuanian phonology
Low Saxon	Including Sallandic	{{lang\|nds\|gläzen\|italic=yes}}	{{IPA\|[xɫæːzn̩]}}	'glasses'
colspan="2" \| Luxembourgish{{Harvcoltxt\|Gilles\|Trouvain\|2013\|p=70}}	{{lang\|lb\|Käpp\|italic=yes}}	{{IPA\|[kʰæpʰ]}}	'heads'	See Luxembourgish phonology
Norwegian	Urban East{{Harvcoltxt\|Vanvik\|1979\|p=13}}{{Harvcoltxt\|Popperwell\|2010\|pp=16, 21–22}}	{{lang\|no\|lær\|italic=yes}}	{{IPA\|[læːɾ]}}	'leather'	See Norwegian phonology
colspan="2" \| PersianMajidi & Ternes (1991){{Harvcoltxt\|Campbell\|1995

}|| {{lang|fa|هشت}}/hašt || [hæʃt]||'eight'||

| rowspan="2" | Portuguese || Some dialects[https://books.google.com/books?id=tWk6gpv8ep0C&pg=PA186 Portuguese: A Linguistic Introduction – by Milton M. Azevedo] Page 186.|| {{lang|pt|pedra|italic=yes}} || {{IPA|[ˈpædɾɐ]}} || 'stone' || Stressed vowel. In other dialects closer {{IPAslink|ɛ}}. See Portuguese phonology

| Some European speakers[http://cl.up.pt/arquivo/como/tabela_fenomenos.pdf Lista das marcas dialetais e outros fenómenos de variação (fonética e fonológica) identificados nas amostras do Arquivo Dialetal do CLUP] {{in lang|pt}}|| {{lang|pt|também|italic=yes}} || {{IPA|[tɐˈmæ̃]}} || 'also' || Stressed vowel, allophone of nasal vowel {{IPA|/ẽ̞/}}.

| Romanian|| Bukovinian dialect{{sfnp|Pop|1938|p=29}} || {{lang|ro|piele|italic=yes}} || {{IPA|[ˈpæle]}} || 'skin' || Corresponds to {{IPA|[je]}} in standard Romanian. Also identified in some Central Transylvanian sub-dialects.{{sfnp|Pop|1938|p=29}} See Romanian phonology

| colspan="2" | Russian{{Harvcoltxt|Jones|Ward|1969|p=50}}{{Harvcoltxt|Yanushevskaya|Bunčić|2015|pp=224–225}} || {{lang|ru|пять}} / pjatʹ|| {{Audio-IPA|Ru-пять.ogg|[pʲætʲ]}} || 'five' || Allophone of {{IPA|/a/}} between palatalized consonants. See Russian phonology

| Serbo-Croatian || Zeta-Raška dialect{{sfn|Okuka|2008|p=171}} || {{lang|sh|дан}}/{{lang|sh|dan}} || {{IPA|[d̪æn̪]}} || 'day' || Regional reflex of Proto-Slavic *ь and *ъ. Sometimes nasalised.{{sfn|Okuka|2008|p=171}}

| colspan="2" | Sinhala{{Harvcoltxt|Perera|Jones|1919|p=5}} || ඇය/æya ||{{IPA|[æjə]}} || 'she' ||

| colspan="2" |Slovak

|mäso

|[mæso]

|'meat, flesh'

|In conversation sometimes pronounced as [e] or [a]. See Slovak phonology

| rowspan="2" | Swedish || Central Standard{{Harvcoltxt|Eliasson|1986|p=273}}{{Harvcoltxt|Thorén|Petterson|1992|p=15}}{{Harvcoltxt|Riad|2014|p=38}} || {{lang|sv|ära}} || {{Audio-IPA|sv-ära.ogg|[²æːɾä]}} || 'hono(u)r' || Allophone of {{IPA|/ɛː, ɛ/}} before {{IPA|/r/}}. See Swedish phonology

| Stockholm || {{lang|sv|läsa|italic=yes}} || {{IPA|[²læːsä]}} || 'to read' || Realization of {{IPA|/ɛː, ɛ/}} for younger speakers. Higher {{IPA|[{{IPAplink|ɛː}}, {{IPAplink|ɛ̝}} ~ {{IPAplink|ɛ}}]}} for other speakers

| colspan="2" | Turkish{{Harvcoltxt|Göksel|Kerslake|2005|p=10}} || {{lang|tr|sen|italic=yes}} || {{IPA|[s̪æn̪]}} || 'you' || Allophone of {{IPA|/e/}} before syllable-final {{IPA|/m, n, l, r/}}. In a limited number of words (but not before {{IPA|/r/}}), it is in free variation with {{IPAblink|e̞}}. See Turkish phonology

Notes

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|title=Illustrations of the IPA: Hungarian

|journal=Journal of the International Phonetic Association

|volume=24

|issue=2

|pages=91–94

|doi=10.1017/S0025100300005090

|s2cid=242632087

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{{citation

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|place=Oslo

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{{citation

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|title=The Belgian Limburg dialect of Hamont

|journal=Journal of the International Phonetic Association

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{{citation

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{{Accents of English|hide1=y|hide2=y}}
{{citation

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|first1=Irena

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|first2=Daniel

|year=2015

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|journal=Journal of the International Phonetic Association

|volume=45

|issue=2

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{{Citation

|year=2004

|publisher=Radboud University

|hdl=2066/19429

|first=Laércio Nora

|last=Bacelar

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|title=Gramática da língua Kanoê

|place=Nijmegen

|url=https://repository.ubn.ru.nl/handle/2066/19429

}}

External links

{{phoible|æ}}

Category:Near-open vowels

Category:Front vowels

Category:Unrounded vowels

class="wikitable" style="clear: both;" ! colspan="2" \| Language !! Word !! IPA !! Meaning !! Notes
Afrikaans	Standard{{Harvcoltxt\|Donaldson\|1993\|p=3}}	'perd'	{{IPA\|[pæːrt]}}	'horse'	Allophone of {{IPA\|/ɛ/}}, in some dialects, before {{IPA\|/k χ l r/}}. See Afrikaans phonology
colspan="2" \|Äiwoo \|ikuwä \|[ikuwæ] \|'I go' \|Distinguished from both [a] and [ɑ~ɒ].
Arabic	Standard{{Harvcoltxt\|Holes\|2004\|p=60}}	{{lang\|ar\|كتاب\|rtl=yes}} / 'kitāb'	{{IPA\|[kiˈtæːb]}}	'book'	Allophone of {{IPA\|/a/}} in the environment of plain labial and coronal consonants as well as {{IPA\|/j/}} (depending on the speaker's accent). See Arabic phonology
colspan="2" \| Azerbaijani \| {{lang\|az-Latn\|'Azərbaycan'}}	{{IPA\|[ɑːzæɾbɑjˈd͡ʒɑn]}} \| 'Azerbaijan' \|
colspan="2" \| Bambam{{Harvcoltxt\|Campbell\|1991\|p=5}}	'bätä'	{{IPA\|[ˈbætæ]}}	'stem'
colspan="2" \| Bashkir{{Harvcoltxt\|Berta\|1998\|p=183}} \| {{lang\|gah-Cyrl\|йәй / yäy }} \| {{Audio-IPA\|Ba-йәй.ogg\|[jæj]}} \| 'summer' \|
colspan="2" \| Bengali{{cite web \|title=Bengali romanization table \|url=http://www.bahaistudies.net/asma/bengali_loc.pdf \|website=Bahai Studies \|publisher=Bahai Studies \|access-date=30 October 2020}}	{{lang\|bn\|এক}}/ek	{{IPA\|[æk]}}	'one'	See Bengali phonology
rowspan="4" \| Bulgarian \|Moesian dialects \| rowspan="2" \|{{lang\|bg\|млечен}}/mlečen \| rowspan="2" \|{{IPA\|[mlæt͡ʃɛn]}} \| rowspan="2" \|'made from milk' \|Descendant of Proto-Slavic *ě in places where Standard Bulgarian would have /{{IPAlink\|ɛ}}/. See Yat.
Rup dialects	Descendant of Proto-Slavic *ě in all positions. See Yat.
Teteven dialect	rowspan="2" \| {{lang\|bg\|мъж}}/măž	rowspan="2" \| {{IPA\|[mæʃ]}}	rowspan="2" \| 'man'	rowspan="2" \| In place of Standard Bulgarian [{{IPAlink\|ɤ̞}}] (written as ъ).
Erkech dialect
rowspan="2" \| Catalan	Majorcan{{Harvcoltxt\|Rafel\|1999\|p=14}}	rowspan="2" \| {{lang\|ca\|tesi\|italic=yes}}	rowspan="2" \| {{IPA\|[ˈt̪ɛ̞zi]}}	rowspan="2" \| 'thesis'	rowspan="2" \| Main realization of {{IPA\|/ɛ/}}. More open and centralized before liquids and in monosyllabics. See Catalan phonology
Valencian
colspan="2" \| Chechen	{{lang\|ce-Cyrl\|аьрзу}} / {{lang\|ce-Latn\|ärzu}}	{{IPA\|[ærzu]}}	'eagle'
Danish	Standard{{Harvcoltxt\|Basbøll\|2005\|p=45}}	{{lang\|da\|dansk}}	{{IPA\|[ˈtænˀsk]}}	'Danish'	Most often transcribed in IPA with {{IPAalink\|a}} – the way it is realized by certain older or upper-class speakers.{{Harvcoltxt\|Basbøll\|2005\|p=32}} See Danish phonology
colspan="2" \| Dutch{{Harvcoltxt\|Collins\|Mees\|2003\|pp=92, 129}}	{{lang\|nl\|pen}}	{{IPA\|[pæn]}}	'pen'	Allophone of {{IPA\|/ɛ/}} before {{IPA\|/n/}} and coda {{IPA\|/l/}}. In non-standard accents this allophone is generalized to other positions, where {{IPAblink\|ɛ}} is used in Standard Dutch.{{Harvcoltxt\|Collins\|Mees\|2003\|pp=92, 128–129, 131}} See Dutch phonology
rowspan="3" \| English	Cultivated New Zealand{{Harvcoltxt\|Gordon\|Maclagan\|2004\|p=609}}	rowspan="3" \| cat	rowspan="3" \| {{Audio-IPA\|En-us-cat.ogg\|[kʰæt]}}	rowspan="3" \| 'cat'	Higher in other New Zealand varieties. See New Zealand English phonology
General American{{Harvcoltxt\|Wells\|1982\|p=486}}	See English phonology
Conservative Received Pronunciation{{Harvcoltxt\|Cruttenden\|2014\|pp=119–120}}	Fully open {{IPAblink\|a}} in contemporary RP. See English phonology
colspan="2" \| Estonian{{Harvcoltxt\|Asu\|Teras\|2009\|p=368}}	{{lang\|et\|väle}}	{{IPA\|[ˈvæ̠le̞ˑ]}}	'agile'	Near-front. See Estonian phonology
colspan="2" \| Finnish{{Harvcoltxt\|Suomi\|Toivanen\|Ylitalo\|2008\|p=21}}	{{lang\|fi\|mäki\|italic=yes}}	{{IPA\|[ˈmæki]}}	'hill'	See Finnish phonology
rowspan="2" \| French	Parisian{{Harvcoltxt\|Collins\|Mees\|2013\|p=226}}	{{lang\|fr\|bain\|italic=yes}}	{{IPA\|[bæ̃]}}	'bath'	Nasalized; typically transcribed in IPA with {{angbr IPA\|ɛ̃}}. See French phonology
Quebec{{Harvcoltxt\|Walker\|1984\|p=75}}	{{lang\|fr\|ver\|italic=yes}}	{{IPA\|[væːʁ]}}	'worm'	Allophone of {{IPA\|/ɛ/}} before {{IPA\|/ʁ/}} or in open syllables, and of {{IPA\|/a/}} in closed syllables. See Quebec French phonology
rowspan="4" \| German	Standard Austrian{{Harvcoltxt\|Moosmüller\|Schmid\|Brandstätter\|2015\|p=342}}	{{lang\|de\|erlauben\|italic=yes}}	{{IPA\|[æˈlɑɔ̯bn̩]}}	'allow'	Variant of pretonic {{IPAblink\|ɛɐ̯}}. See Standard German phonology
West Central German accents{{Harvcoltxt\|Dudenredaktion\|Kleiner\|Knöbl\|2015\|p=40}}	{{lang\|de\|oder\|italic=yes}}	{{IPA\|[ˈoːdæ]}}	'or'	Used instead of {{IPAblink\|ɐ}}. See Standard German phonology
Northern accents{{Harvcoltxt\|Dudenredaktion\|Kleiner\|Knöbl\|2015\|p=64}}	{{lang\|de\|alles\|italic=yes}}	{{IPA\|[ˈa̝ləs]}}	'everything'	Lower and often also more back in other accents. See Standard German phonology
Western Swiss accents{{Harvcoltxt\|Dudenredaktion\|Kleiner\|Knöbl\|2015\|p=65}}	{{lang\|de\|spät\|italic=yes}}	{{IPA\|[ʃpæːt]}}	'late'	Open-mid {{IPAblink\|ɛː}} or close-mid {{IPAblink\|eː}} in other accents; contrasts with the open-mid {{IPAslink\|ɛː}}.{{Harvcoltxt\|Dudenredaktion\|Kleiner\|Knöbl\|2015\|pp=34, 64–65}} See Standard German phonology
rowspan="4" \| Greek	Macedonia{{Harvcoltxt\|Newton\|1972\|p=11}}	rowspan="3" \| {{lang\|el\|γάτα}}/gáta	rowspan="3" \| {{IPA\|[ˈɣætæ]}}	rowspan="3" \| 'cat'	rowspan="4" \| See Modern Greek phonology
Thessaly
Thrace
Pontic{{Harvcoltxt\|Revithiadou\|Spyropoulos\|2009\|p=41}}	{{lang\|pnt\|καλάθια}}/{{lang\|pnt-Latn\|kaláthia}}	{{IPA\|[kaˈlaθæ]}}	'baskets'
colspan="2" \| Hungarian{{Harvcoltxt\|Szende\|1994\|p=92}}	{{lang\|hu\|nem\|italic=yes}}	{{IPA\|[næm]}}	'no'	Typically transcribed in IPA with {{angbr IPA\|ɛ}}. See Hungarian phonology
colspan="2" \|Kanoê{{Harvcoltxt\|Bacelar\|2004\|p=60}} \|colspan="2" align="center"\|{{IPA\|[æː]}} \|'tobacco' \|
colspan="2" \| Kazakh \|{{lang\|kk\|әйел}}/äiel \|{{IPA\|[æ̝ˈje̘l̪ʲ]}} \|'woman' \|Varies between near-open and open-mid.
Kurdish \|Sorani (Central) \|{{lang\|ku\|گاڵته}}/ galte \|{{IPA\|[gäːɫtʲæ]}} \|'joke' \|Equal to Palewani (Southern) front {{IPAblink\|a}}. See Kurdish phonology
colspan="2" \| Lakon{{Harvcoltxt\|François\|2005\|p=466}}	{{lang\|lkn\|rävräv\|italic=yes}}	{{IPA\|[ræβræβ]}}	'evening'
colspan="2" \| Limburgish{{Harvcoltxt\|Gussenhoven\|Aarts\|1999\|p=159}}{{Harvcoltxt\|Peters\|2006\|p=119}}{{Harvcoltxt\|Verhoeven\|2007\|p=221}}	{{lang\|li\|twelf\|italic=yes}}	{{IPA\|[ˈtβ̞æ̠ləf]}}	'twelve'	Front or near-front, depending on the dialect. The example word is from the Maastrichtian dialect, in which the vowel is near-front.
colspan="2" \| Lithuanian	{{lang\|LT\|jachtą\|italic=yes}}	{{IPA\|[ˈjæːxt̪aː]}}	'yacht' (accusative)	See Lithuanian phonology
Low Saxon	Including Sallandic	{{lang\|nds\|gläzen\|italic=yes}}	{{IPA\|[xɫæːzn̩]}}	'glasses'
colspan="2" \| Luxembourgish{{Harvcoltxt\|Gilles\|Trouvain\|2013\|p=70}}	{{lang\|lb\|Käpp\|italic=yes}}	{{IPA\|[kʰæpʰ]}}	'heads'	See Luxembourgish phonology
Norwegian	Urban East{{Harvcoltxt\|Vanvik\|1979\|p=13}}{{Harvcoltxt\|Popperwell\|2010\|pp=16, 21–22}}	{{lang\|no\|lær\|italic=yes}}	{{IPA\|[læːɾ]}}	'leather'	See Norwegian phonology
colspan="2" \| PersianMajidi & Ternes (1991){{Harvcoltxt\|Campbell\|1995

Near-open front unrounded vowel

Features

Occurrence

See also

Notes

References

External links