Nicorette

Nicorette products are indicated for the relief of withdrawal symptoms associated with nicotine withdrawal and to aid in smoking cessation.{{cite web | title=Nicorette Invisi 10mg Patch Summary of Product Characteristics (SmPC) | website=(emc) | date=1 September 2021 | url=https://www.medicines.org.uk/emc/product/6437/smpc | access-date=17 July 2024}} It is suggested that Nicorette products should be used in "conjunction with a behavioural support programme".

Prior to 2005, nicotine products in Britain were only licensed to "assist smokers who were making an immediate and complete quit attempt".{{cite web|url=https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/853861/Nicotine_replacement_therapy_harm_reduction_in_smokers.pdf |title=MHRA Public Assessment Report: The use of nicotine replacement therapy to reduce harm in smokers, February 2010 |year=2010 |publisher=Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA) |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130528150656/http://www.mhra.gov.uk/home/groups/es-policy/documents/publication/con068571.pdf |archive-date=2013-05-28 |access-date=2015-01-09 |url-status=live }} Following advice from a working group set up by the Committee on Safety of Medicines (since 2005, the Commission on Human Medicines) the Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA) concluded that nicotine replacement therapy products should be used also by those who are unable to stop abruptly.

Nicorette products in the UK are indicated to:

• relieve craving (the urge to smoke),
• relieve withdrawal symptoms (irritability, impatience; difficulty in concentrating),
• improve the likelihood of a successful abrupt quit attempt,
• reduce the amount smoked in those not immediately motivated to quit.

The products are intended for adults and children over 12 years of age as well as pregnant and lactating women{{cite web | title=Nicorette 2mg Gum Summary of Product Characteristics (SmPC) | website=emc | date=1 September 2021 | url=https://www.medicines.org.uk/emc/product/1089/smpc | access-date=17 July 2024}} (it has been concluded that "the use of NRT in pregnancy does not give undue concern and any harm caused by nicotine replacement must be compared with that caused by continued smoking – which is extremely harmful to both the woman and her child".{{cite web|url=http://www.mhra.gov.uk/home/groups/pl-a/documents/websiteresources/con2023239.pdf|title=Report of the Committee on Safety of Medicines Working Group on Nicotine Replacement Therapy, November 2005|year=2005|publisher=Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency|access-date=2015-01-09|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101214073332/http://www.mhra.gov.uk/home/groups/pl-a/documents/websiteresources/con2023239.pdf|archive-date=2010-12-14}})

Nicorette, like all other nicotine replacement therapy products, are most beneficial for heavy smokers (more than 15 cigarettes per day). There are not enough studies to show that nicotine replacement therapy helps those who smoke fewer than 10 cigarettes per day.{{cite web|title=Nicotine replacement therapy|url=https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/007438.htm| vauthors = Dugdale III DC |website=MedlinePlus|publisher=U.S. National Library of Medicine|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20150109145356/http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/007438.htm |archive-date=2015-01-09|access-date=2015-01-09}}

The typical contraindication (reason to not use) for Nicorette products is hypersensitivity to nicotine.

Cardiovascular disease was considered to be a contraindication to nicotine replacement therapy products. However, in 2003, the French Agency for the Safety of Health Products (AFSSAPS) removed all cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease contraindications. In 2005, the UK Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency followed suit. The rationale is that the benefit of nicotine replacement therapy outweighs the risks of nicotine medication, even in smokers with cardiovascular disease.{{cite web|url=http://www.treatobacco.net/en/page_75.php |title=Nicotine is not a significant risk factor for cardiovascular events. The benefit of nicotine replacement therapy outweighs the risks of nicotine medication, even in smokers with cardiovascular disease |date=2014-12-16 |publisher=The Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco (SRNT) |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150120124259/http://www.treatobacco.net/en/page_75.php |archive-date=2015-01-20 |access-date=2015-01-09 |url-status=dead }}

In 2013, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) stated that the contraindication concerning usage of nicotine replacement therapy products while smoking is no longer valid.{{cite web|url=https://www.fda.gov/ForConsumers/ConsumerUpdates/ucm345087.htm |title=Nicotine Replacement Therapy Labels May Change |date=2013-04-01 |publisher=U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150101013059/http://www.fda.gov/ForConsumers/ConsumerUpdates/ucm345087.htm |archive-date=2015-01-01 |access-date=2015-01-09 |url-status=dead }}

The FDA approved labeling for Nicorette products with a warning concerning pregnancy and breastfeeding: "This medicine is believed to be safer than smoking. However, the risks to your child from this medicine are not fully known".{{cite web |url=http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2014/018612Orig1s074,%20020066Orig1s055lbl.pdf |title=Nicorette, Nicotine Polacrilex, Labeling Revision 10/30/2014 |date=2014-10-30 |publisher=Food and Drug Administration |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402105230/http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2014/018612Orig1s074,%20020066Orig1s055lbl.pdf |archive-date=2015-04-02 |access-date=2015-01-09 |url-status=live }} The FDA suggests not using Nicorette products if the patient continues to smoke, or use chewing tobacco, snuff or other nicotine-containing products.

The FDA advises consulting a doctor before using the product if the patient previously had:

• heart disease, recent heart attack, or irregular heartbeat,
• high blood pressure,
• taken a prescription medicine for depression or asthma.

Specific contraindications listed by the FDA for various formats include sodium-restricted diet, stomach ulcer of diabetes (for gums and lozenges), or an allergy to adhesive tape or skin problems (for patches).{{cite web|url=http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2014/020165Orig1s029lbl.pdf |title=Nicoderm, Labeling Revision 10/30/2014 |date=2014-04-30 |publisher=Food and Drug Administration |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402143545/http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2014/020165Orig1s029lbl.pdf |archive-date=2015-04-02 |access-date=2015-01-09 |url-status=live }}

The FDA suggests stopping use of Nicorette products in cases of irregular heartbeat or palpitations, symptoms of nicotine overdose (nausea, vomiting, dizziness, weakness, and rapid heartbeat) or skin redness caused by the patch.

Nicorette chewing gum releases nicotine while chewing. Nicotine then is absorbed across the oral mucosa into the systemic circulation. Patients are advised to chew the gum slowly and intermittently to avoid the risk of releasing too much nicotine. It is also suggested not to eat or drink while chewing since foods and beverages can reduce nicotine absorption.{{cite book| vauthors = Burchum J, Rosenthalm L |year=2014|chapter=Chapter 39: Drug Abuse III: Nicotine and Smoking |title= Lehne's Pharmacology for Nursing Care|page=427|publisher=Elsevier Health Sciences |isbn=978-0323340267|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=C7_NBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA427|access-date=2015-01-18}}(Google Books)

Nicorette chewing gum is available in two strengths: 2 mg/piece and 4 mg/piece. Dosing would depend on the degree of nicotine dependence: light smokers should use 2 mg gum, heavy smokers (more than 25 cigarettes a day) should use 4 mg gum.

Patients should chew gum once they feel the craving. FDA limits maximum daily amount of 2 mg gum pieces to 24 pieces.

The patches provide slow absorption of nicotine into blood within the day and work for 16 hours.{{cite book| vauthors = Rutter P | year=2013|chapter=Nicorette |title= Community Pharmacy: Symptoms, Diagnosis and Treatment|edition=3|page=320|publisher=Elsevier Health Sciences |isbn=978-0702054730|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1_mI_n3y5koC&pg=PA320|access-date=2015-01-18}}(Google Books) They are usually applied in the morning and removed at bedtime.

The patch supports smoking cessation within 12 week programme: 25 mg patch (25 mg nicotine over 16 hours) for eight weeks (Step 1), 15 mg patch for two weeks (Step 2), 10 mg patch for the last two weeks (Step 3). Light smokers (less than 10 cigarettes per day) were recommended to start at Step 2 (15 mg) for eight weeks and reduce the dose to 10 mg for the last four weeks.{{cite web|url=http://www.mims.co.uk/more/NewDrugs/article/892146/New-high-strength-nicotine-patch/ |title=New high-strength nicotine patch |date=2009-02-24 |publisher=Monthly Index of Medical Specialities |archive-url=https://archive.today/20240527045657/https://www.webcitation.org/6VECO3ecd?url=http://m.mims.co.uk/article/892146/new-high-strength-nicotine-patch |archive-date=2024-05-27 |access-date=2014-12-31 |url-status=dead }}

Microtab supplies nicotine to the body by mouth. It is different from the chewing gum because instead of chewing the patient should allow the tablet to dissolve slowly under the tongue (the tablet dissolves in about 20-30 minutes).{{cite book| vauthors = Willis N | year=2012|chapter=Which Treatment?|title=Stop! No Smoking Programme |page=69|publisher=Random House|isbn=978-1448148950}} The action is similar to 2 mg nicotine gum.

Microtabs are used either for smoking cessation or smoking reduction. For smoking cessation the standard dose is one tablet (2 mg) per hour for patients who smoke less than 20 cigarettes per day. When the craving is strong two tablets can be taken instead of one. Most patients require between 8 and 24 tablets per day. British Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency recommends not to exceed 40 tablets per day limit.{{cite web|url=http://www.mhra.gov.uk/home/groups/par/documents/websiteresources/con054754.pdf |title=Public Assessment Report: Nicorette Microtab Lemon 2mg sublingual tablets. Nicotine bitartrate dihydrate, PL 15513/0156 |date=2009-06-30 |publisher=Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303222652/http://www.mhra.gov.uk/home/groups/par/documents/websiteresources/con054754.pdf |archive-date=2016-03-03 |access-date=2015-01-18 |url-status=dead }} Treatment should be stopped when daily consumption is around 1-2 tablets per day.

File:Nicorette QuickMist Spray.jpg

A spray of nicotine is available.{{cite book | vauthors = | title = Nicotine Replacement Therapy for Smoking Cessation or Reduction: A Review of the Clinical Evidence | date = 16 January 2014 | pmid = 24741730 | location = Ottawa (ON) | publisher = Canadian Agency for Drugs and Technologies in Health }} Tentative evidence supports that it is better than a placebo. MHRA suggests not to use more than 2 sprays at a time, up to 4 sprays per hour and no more than 64 sprays per 24 hours period.

The Nicorette brand started with a nicotine gum developed in Helsingborg (Sweden) by the company Leo AB, later part of Pharmacia & Upjohn. It was the first product for nicotine replacement therapy and gained its inventor, Ove Fernö, titles like "the founding father of modern pharmacotherapy for smoking".{{cite book | vauthors = West R | veditors = Edwards G |year=2008 |chapter= Pillars of Smoke|title= Addiction: Evolution of a Specialist Field |edition=1st|page=231| publisher= John Wiley & Sons|isbn=978-1405147507|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eNdhgma5KpwC&pg=PA231|access-date=2015-01-05}}(Google Books)

In December 1967,{{cite book| vauthors = Raw M |year=2012|chapter=Who invented NRT|title=How To Stop Smoking And Stay Stopped|edition=1st|page=79| publisher=Random House|isbn=978-1446417881|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jK2ZSCvg7L0C&pg=PT79}}{{cite journal | vauthors = Fernö O | title = Conversation with Ove Fernö | journal = Addiction | volume = 89 | issue = 10 | pages = 1215–1226 | date = October 1994 | pmid = 7804082 | doi = 10.1111/j.1360-0443.1994.tb03300.x }}{{rp|1216}} Fernö, Vice President of Research and Development at AB Leo,{{rp|1215}} received a mail from his friend Dr. Claes Lundgren at the Department of Aviation Medicine at the Physiological Institute of Lund University, suggesting he develop an orally consumed substitute for tobacco. He and his colleague Stefan Lichtneckert noted how submariners and aviation crews switched from cigarettes to chewing tobacco and snus when smoking was not possible. They also suggested the product name "Nicorette".{{cite book | vauthors = Larsson B, Letell M, Thörn H |year=2012|chapter=9.5 The rise of medicinal nicotine in Sweden |title= Transformations of the Swedish Welfare State: From Social Engineering to Governance?|edition=1st| publisher=Palgrave Macmillan |isbn=978-0230363953|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fU1dAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA145}}{{rp|145}} Fernö began experimenting with nicotine gum in 1969, and quit smoking himself after one year of use.{{rp|1218}}

The first nicotine chewing gum was produced at AB Leo in 1971. The innovation was in the use of ion-exchange resin (polacrilex) in order to control the rate of release of nicotine during chewing. Fernö explained, "Putting nicotine into chewing gum is not an invention. Fixing the nicotine to an ion exchange resin and putting that in a chewing gum to enable the chewer to control the rate of release—that is an invention".{{rp|1220}} The same year Håkan Westling, Professor of Clinical Physiology at Lund University, started the first clinical trials of the gum as an aid to smoking cessation at the university hospital. His findings were presented at the Second World Conference on Smoking and Health in London{{rp|146}} and were published in 1973, in the journal Psychopharmacologia together with an article by Fernö.{{cite journal | vauthors = Brantmark B, Ohlin P, Westling H | title = Nicotine-containing chewing gum as an anti-smoking aid | journal = Psychopharmacologia | volume = 31 | issue = 3 | pages = 191–200 | date = July 1973 | pmid = 4581737 | doi = 10.1007/bf00422509 | s2cid = 19898286 }}{{cite journal | vauthors = Fernö O | title = A substitute for tobacco smoking | journal = Psychopharmacologia | volume = 31 | issue = 3 | pages = 201–204 | date = July 1973 | pmid = 4732726 | doi = 10.1007/BF00422510 | s2cid = 27089939 }}

Nicotine chewing gum was presented at the Third World Conference on Smoking and Health in New York in 1975, by Fernö in partnership with the British researcher Michael Russell from the Institute of Psychiatry, who pioneered the measurement of blood nicotine levels. Russell and his colleagues at the Addiction Research Unit at the Institute of Psychiatry became involved in further research into nicotine gum through randomised controlled trials funded by the British Medical Research Council and the UK Department of Health and Social Security.{{rp|147}}

Nicorette was registered as a drug in Switzerland in 1978, in Canada in 1979, and in the UK in 1980.{{rp|147}} It was registered in Sweden in 1981. Initially the Swedish Medical Products Agency declined to approve Nicorette as a medicine because it considered smoking not an addiction, but a lifestyle choice; and the Swedish National Board of Health and Welfare regarded orally consumed nicotine products not as medicine but as foodstuffs.{{cite book | vauthors = Kalkhoff W, Thye SR, Lawler EJ |year=2012|chapter=The Birth of Medicinal Nicotine | veditors = Netherland J |title= Critical Perspectives on Addiction |edition=1st |page=79 |publisher= Emerald Group Publishing |isbn=978-1780529318 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8WxycrG-j1UC&pg=PA63 }}

In January 1984, Nicorette chewing gum was approved by the US Food and Drug Administration after a 34-month review. It was brought to the US market by Marion Merrell Dow under licence from AB Leo.{{cite web|url=https://www.pharmamedtechbi.com/publications/the-pink-sheet/46/004/merrell-dow-nicorette-antismoking-rx-chewing-gum-trade-shipments |title=Merrell Dow Nicorette Anti-Smoking Rx Chewing Gum Trade Shipments |date=1984-01-23 |publisher=The Pink Sheet |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402160827/https://www.pharmamedtechbi.com/publications/the-pink-sheet/46/004/merrell-dow-nicorette-antismoking-rx-chewing-gum-trade-shipments |archive-date=2015-04-02 |access-date=2015-01-05 |url-status=dead }}

In 2016, it was the third biggest selling branded over-the-counter medication sold in Great Britain, with sales of £66.0 million.{{cite news|title=A breakdown of the over-the-counter medicines market in Britain in 2016|url=http://www.pharmaceutical-journal.com/20202662.article?amp;utm_medium=email&|access-date=29 May 2017|publisher=Pharmaceutical Journal|date=28 April 2017|archive-date=8 September 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170908213934/http://www.pharmaceutical-journal.com/20202662.article?amp%3Butm_medium=email&|url-status=dead}}

File:Nicorette Nasal Spray.jpg

File:Nicorette Inhalator.jpg

The Nicorette Patch was introduced to the market in 1991{{cite news| url = https://www.nytimes.com/1991/08/22/business/company-news-nicotine-patch-marketing-deals.html| title = COMPANY NEWS; Nicotine Patch Marketing Deals| date = 1991-08-22| newspaper = The New York Times| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150101202020/http://www.nytimes.com/1991/08/22/business/company-news-nicotine-patch-marketing-deals.html| archive-date = 2015-01-01| access-date = 2015-01-01}} and the nasal spray in 1994.

In 1996, the FDA approved the switch of Nicorette gum and the NicoDerm CQ transdermal nicotine patch to over-the-counter status in the US.{{cite web|url=https://www.fda.gov/drugs/resourcesforyou/consumers/ucm143547.htm |title=Now Available Without a Prescription |date=2011-08-12 |publisher=Food and Drug Administration |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150101132227/http://www.fda.gov/Drugs/ResourcesForYou/Consumers/ucm143547.htm |archive-date=2015-01-01 |access-date=2015-01-18 |url-status=live }}

The Nicorette inhaler was launched in 1996{{cite web|url=http://www.superbrands.com/se/en/book/pdf/Superbrandsboken2010_Nicorette.pdf |title=Nicorette |year=2010 |publisher=Superbrands |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402165922/http://www.superbrands.com/se/en/book/pdf/Superbrandsboken2010_Nicorette.pdf |archive-date=2015-04-02 |access-date=2015-01-18 |url-status=dead }} and Nicorette Microtab (sublingual tablets) in 1999.{{cite web| url = http://business.highbeam.com/409991/article-1G1-53638193/pu-launches-sublingual-nrt| title = P&U launches sublingual NRT| date = 1999-01-16 | publisher = Chemist + Druggist| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150101194952/http://business.highbeam.com/409991/article-1G1-53638193/pu-launches-sublingual-nrt| archive-date = 2015-01-01| access-date = 2015-01-01}}

In 2002, the FDA changed the status of Commit lozenges to over the counter in the US.

In 2004, Nicorette launched Peppermint, the first coated nicotine gum. A shell coating containing a sugar substitute (xylitol) and flavouring masks the nicotine taste.{{cite journal | vauthors = Aslani A, Rostami F | title = Medicated chewing gum, a novel drug delivery system | journal = Journal of Research in Medical Sciences | volume = 20 | issue = 4 | pages = 403–411 | date = April 2015 | pmid = 26109999 | pmc = 4468459 }}{{cite book | vauthors = Conway BR | chapter = Solid Dosing Forms | veditors = Gad SC | year=2008|title= Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Handbook: Production and Processes| chapter-url = https://books.google.com/books?id=4c0Hp3AOi8UC&pg=PA259|publisher= John Wiley & Sons|isbn=978-0-470-25980-1|page=259 }} In 2005, Nicorette introduced Fresh Mint chewing gum.{{cite book| vauthors = Hendrix J, Hayes D | year=2009|chapter=Exhibit 8-4a |title=Public Relations Cases|edition=8|page=300|publisher= Cengage Learning |isbn=978-0495567783|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1TkC8r1I3asC&pg=PA300}}

In December 2008, Nicorette introduced a new semi-transparent nicotine patch under the trade name "Invisipatch".{{cite web|url=http://www.mhra.gov.uk/home/groups/l-unit1/documents/websiteresources/con036311.pdf |title=Nicorette Invisi 10mg, 15mg, 25mg patches - PL 15513/0159-61 |date=2008-12-02 |publisher=Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (UK) |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150101224354/http://www.mhra.gov.uk/home/groups/l-unit1/documents/websiteresources/con036311.pdf |archive-date=2015-01-01 |access-date=2014-12-31 |url-status=dead }} As stated by the UK Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency, in addition to this more discreet patch to encourage better customer compliance, new Nicorette transdermal patches have been developed to: reduce patch size; add a higher dosage strength of 25 mg of nicotine to the previously available 5, 10 and 15 mg; and increase the proportion of bioavailable nicotine).

In 2009, Nicorette introduced "Icy White" chewing gum with teeth whitening{{cite news| url = http://metro.co.uk/2009/09/30/gum-ad-screened-during-the-simpsons-inappropriate-451929/| title = Gum ad screened during The Simpsons 'inappropriate'| date = 2009-09-30| newspaper = Metro| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150101192001/http://metro.co.uk/2009/09/30/gum-ad-screened-during-the-simpsons-inappropriate-451929/| archive-date = 2015-01-01| access-date = 2015-01-01}} and Nicorette Mentolmint, a chewing gum with softer menthol taste.

At the end of November 2010, Nicorette introduced QuickMist 1 mg mouthspray,{{cite web|url=http://www.mhra.gov.uk/home/groups/par/documents/websiteresources/con194682.pdf |title=Nicorette Quickmist 1mg/spray Mouthspray - PL 15513/0357 |date=2010-11-30 |publisher=Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130418021401/http://www.mhra.gov.uk/home/groups/par/documents/websiteresources/con194682.pdf |archive-date=2013-04-18 |access-date=2014-12-31 |url-status=dead }} which provides more rapid absorption of nicotine than lozenges or gum.{{cite journal|title=Nicorette QuickMist: rapidly absorbed NRT mouthspray | vauthors = Chaplin S |volume=22 |issue=13–14 |date=July 2011 |pages=26–28 |doi=10.1002/psb.776 |journal=Prescriber |s2cid=70725893 |doi-access=free }}

In January 2011, Nicorette UK launched the ActiveStop mobile app for iOS featuring target setting, a wish list, distractions, achievement sharing, information and games.{{cite web|url=http://www.latestgadgets.co.uk/apps-software/2701-nicorettes-activestop-iphone-app |title=Nicorette's ActiveStop anti-cigarette iPhone app | vauthors = Ratcliffe J |date=2011-01-05 |publisher=Latestgadgets.co.uk |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121123133451/http://www.latestgadgets.co.uk/apps-software/2701-nicorettes-activestop-iphone-app |archive-date=2012-11-23 |access-date=2014-12-31 |url-status=dead }}{{cite news| url = http://metro.co.uk/2011/03/09/new-iphone-app-launched-to-help-smokers-quit-643469/| title = New iPhone app launched to help smokers quit| date = 2011-03-09| newspaper = Metro| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20141231085414/http://metro.co.uk/2011/03/09/new-iphone-app-launched-to-help-smokers-quit-643469/| archive-date = 2014-12-31| access-date = 2014-12-31}}

Nicorette has been sponsoring yacht racing since 1993{{cite web|url=http://www.racingandsports.com.au/en/sports/-story-54295 |title=New super maxi a smoke-free zone: Ludde Ingvall reckons his new super maxi Nicorette goes so fast you can almost see the hull smoking | vauthors = Coomber J |date=2004-12-23 |website=Racing and Sports |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150128140739/http://www.racingandsports.com.au/en/sports/-story-54295 |archive-date=2015-01-28 |access-date=2015-01-23 |url-status=dead }} when it partnered with Ludde Ingvall, a Finnish-Australian sailor who started a non-smoking team in 1991.

{{pull quote|The tobacco companies were ousted from land-based sports due to legislation that stopped them from promoting themselves in other sports… They all realized that yachting is in international waters, under a totally different legal framework, and they all started to sponsor yachts… I was absolutely furious when yachts (with names of tobacco companies) started arriving on the scene… I thought it was unfair that they were using my sport. It's a green sport, it's a healthy sport ... it is not a sport to be hijacked.| vauthors = Ingvall L |source=in an article}}

In 1995, the Nicorette team was banned from the Cape to Rio Race, sponsored by the tobacco company Rothmans. The captain of "Nicorette" protested against the decision, saying that "Rothmans is scared of the boat and the healthy lifestyle it seeks to promote".{{cite book| vauthors = Coakley JJ, Dunning E |year=2000|chapter=Sport and Health|title= Handbook of Sports Studies|edition=1st|page=411|publisher=SAGE|isbn=978-1446224687|chapter-url= https://books.google.com/books?id=LwrybUaytDUC&pg=PA411 |access-date=2015-01-23}}(Google Books) A spokesperson for the organizing committee of the race later admitted that the yacht was barred because they considered the product to be in competition with the sponsor's product.{{cite web|url=https://www.who.int/tobacco/media/ROSS2000X.pdf |title=Tobacco Advertising & Promotion: The Need for a Coordinated Global Response | vauthors = Hammond R |date=2000-01-07 |publisher=World Health Organization |location=New Delhi |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304063052/http://www.who.int/tobacco/media/ROSS2000X.pdf |archive-date=2016-03-04 |access-date=2015-01-23 |url-status=dead }} In the same year the yacht won the Fastnet Race.

In 1997, the yacht broke the Transatlantic mono-hull record, covering the route from New York City to Lizard Point (Great Britain) in 11 days 13:22.58.{{cite news| url = https://www.nytimes.com/1998/07/08/sports/plus-yacht-racing-frenchman-breaks-trans-atlantic-mark.html| title = PLUS: YACHT RACING; Frenchman Breaks Trans-Atlantic Mark| date = 1998-07-08| newspaper = The New York Times| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150123212123/http://www.nytimes.com/1998/07/08/sports/plus-yacht-racing-frenchman-breaks-trans-atlantic-mark.html| archive-date = 2015-01-23| access-date = 2015-01-23}} Second and third generations of the yacht won the Sydney to Hobart Yacht Race in 2000{{cite news | url = https://www.theguardian.com/sport/story/0,3604,416020,00.html | title = Rough rider Nicorette takes Sydney-Hobart | vauthors = Tait P | date = 2000-12-29 | newspaper = The Guardian | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150128113811/http://www.theguardian.com/sport/story/0,3604,416020,00.html | archive-date = 2015-01-28 | access-date = 2015-01-23 | url-status = live }} and 2004.

File:Jeff Gordon Nicorette Richmond 2008.jpg

During the 90s Nicorette (GlaxoSmithKline) sponsored Dennis Vitolo (ex-smoker) in Payton Coyne Racing{{cite news| url = http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-83942352.html| title = MOTOR SPORTS : DRIVING OFF TOBACCO ROAD.(SPORTS)| vauthors = Schlotter B | date = 1997-09-26| newspaper = Los Angeles Daily News| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150101205825/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-83942352.html| archive-date = 2015-01-01| access-date = 2015-01-01}} and The Grand Prix of Miami.{{cite magazine| url = http://www.newsweek.com/choosing-politics-over-policy-163674| title = MARKETING: Breaking Away From the Packs| date = 1999-03-29| magazine = Newsweek}} In 2005, the brand entered NASCAR race sponsorship with Casey Mears.{{cite web|url=https://www.espn.com/racing/news/story?id=1977186 |title=NASCAR leaves smoking days farther behind |date=2005-01-27 |publisher=ESPN |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150108102927/http://sports.espn.go.com/rpm/news/story?id=1977186 |archive-date=2015-01-08 |access-date=2015-01-01 |url-status=live }}{{cite news|url=http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/money/advertising/2005-01-26-nascar-usat_x.htm |title=Nicorette, NASCAR sign sponsorship deal | vauthors = Horovitz B |date=2005-01-26 |newspaper=USA Today |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121102063542/http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/money/advertising/2005-01-26-nascar-usat_x.htm |archive-date=2012-11-02 |access-date=2015-01-01 |url-status=live }} Since 2006, Nicorette is sponsoring Hendrick Motorsports with Jeff Gordon's car.{{cite web|url=http://www.hendrickmotorsports.com/news/article/2005/10/14/Nicorette-to-Join-No-24-Team-in-2006 |title=Nicorette to Join No. 24 Team in 2006 |date=2005-10-14 |publisher=Hendrickmotorsports.com |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130719121801/http://www.hendrickmotorsports.com/news/article/2005/10/14/Nicorette-to-Join-No-24-Team-in-2006 |archive-date=2013-07-19 |access-date=2015-01-01 |url-status=dead }} The brand also runs the Nicorette's Quit Crew program to help racers quit smoking.{{cite news|url=http://savannahnow.com/sports/2007-04-10/nicorette-gum-helps-nascar-shift-gear-smoking-sponsors |title=Nicorette gum helps NASCAR shift gear on smoking sponsors | vauthors = Coble D |date=2007-04-10 |newspaper=Savannah Morning News |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402191456/http://savannahnow.com/sports/2007-04-10/nicorette-gum-helps-nascar-shift-gear-smoking-sponsors |archive-date=2015-04-02 |access-date=2015-01-01 |url-status=dead }}

It was reported that the brand supports car races because NASCAR fans are heavy smokers.

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• {{cite journal | vauthors = Silla K, Beard E, Shahab L | title = Nicotine replacement therapy use among smokers and ex-smokers: associated attitudes and beliefs: a qualitative study | journal = BMC Public Health | volume = 14 | issue = | pages = 1311 | date = December 2014 | pmid = 25535404 | pmc = 4364650 | doi = 10.1186/1471-2458-14-1311 | doi-access = free | title-link = doi }}

• {{MeshName|Nicotine polacrilex}}

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