Noisettia
{{Short description|Genus of flowering plants in Eudicot family Violaceae}}
{{Speciesbox
|image = Noisettia orchidiflora.jpg
|image_caption =
|display_parents = 3
|genus = Noisettia
|parent_authority = Kunth{{sfn|WFO|2019}}
|species = orchidiflora
|synonyms =
|synonyms_ref = {{sfn|POTWO|2020}}
}}
File:Noisettia frangulaefolia.png
Noisettia is a genus of flowering plants in the violet family Violaceae, with a single known species.
Description
Shrubs, with oblanceolate (wider near tip) leaves. White flowers strongly zygomorphic (bilaterally symmetrical), in axillary fascicles. The corolla, which persists to cover the fruit is orange in colour with a yellow throat and with the bottom petal longer than the others and clawed with a very long spur. The stamens have free filaments, with the lowest two being calcarate (spurred) and possessing a large dorsal connective appendage that is entire and oblong-ovate. In the gynoecium, the style is rostellate (beaked). The fruit is a thick-walled capsule with 3–4 obovoid or papillate seeds per carpel.{{sfn|Ballard et al|2013}}{{sfn|Byng|2014}}{{sfn|Wahlert et al|2014}}
Taxonomy
The genus Noisettia was first described by Kunth in 1821,{{sfn|Kunth|1821}} with two species Noisetia frangulaefolia and N. orinocensis, placing it in the family Violeae, with five other genera.{{sfn|IPNI|2020}} de Candolle included Noisettia in his Violarieae in 1824, with three species{{sfn|Candolle|1824}} and at the same time Martius was describing N. pyrifolia,{{sfn|Martius|1824}} although this species was later transferred to the related genus, Anchietea.{{sfn|Paula-Souza et al|2013}} In 1846, Lindley classified it in Violaceae, within the Violales,{{sfn|Lindley|1846}} although Bentham and Hooker (1862) called the family Violarieae.{{sfn|Bentham|Hooker|1862}}
Historically Noisettia was placed within Violaceae in subfamily Violoideae, tribe Violeae, subtribe Violinae, together with Anchietea, Calyptrion, Schweiggeria and Viola, following Lindley's description of Tribe Violeae.{{sfn|Lindley|1846}}{{sfn|Ballard et al|2013}} But these divisions have been shown to be artificial and not monophyletic. Molecular phylogenetic studies show that Violaceae is best considered as four clades rather than taxonomic ranks. Noisettia occurs in Clade I of the family, consisting of Viola, Schweiggeria, Noisettia and Allexis, in which Schweiggeria and Noisettia are monotypic and form a sister group to Viola. Clade 1 represents a subset of the original Violinae, together with the West African Allexis, previously included in tribe Rinoreeae subtribe Rinoreinae.{{sfn|Wahlert et al|2014}}{{sfn|Yockteng et al|2003}}{{sfn|Ballard et al|1998}}
= Etymology =
Kunth named the genus in honour of the horticulturalist Louis Claude Noisette (1772–1849).{{sfn|Kunth|1821}}{{sfn|Quattrocchi|2000}}
= Subdivision =
Candolle (1824) recognised three species, considering Kunth's N. frangulaefolia to be a synonym of N. longifolia;
of which N. longifolia is considered a synonym of N. orchidiflora,{{sfn|Tropicos|2020}} and only the latter is accepted by Plants of the World Online,{{sfn|POTWO|2020}} while N. acuminata is classified as "ambiguous" (unable to reliably identify taxon).{{sfn|WFO|2019}} Most authors consider Noisettia to be monotypic for N. orchidiflora.{{sfn|Ballard et al|2013}}{{sfn|Wahlert et al|2014}}{{sfn|Byng|2014}}{{sfn|Christenhusz et al|2017}} N. orchidiflora has a large number of other synonyms.{{sfn|POTWO|2020}}
= Species =
Noisettia orchidoflora was first described by Rudge in 1805. Rudge believing it to be a species of Viola, gave it the name of Viola orchidoflora, observing that the enlarged lower petal resembled that of an orchid.{{sfn|INPN|2020}} With the separation of Noisettia from Viola by Kunth in 1821, Gingins (1823) considered Kunth's original N. frangulaefolia, as N. longifolia.
Distribution and habitat
Humid coastal forests of Northern and eastern South America, including North, Northeast, South and Southeast Brazil, French Guiana, Peru, and Suriname.{{sfn|Wahlert et al|2014}}{{sfn|Ballard et al|2013}} (see Map, at Plants of The World Online).{{sfn|POTWO|2020}}
References
{{Reflist|20em}}
Bibliography
{{Refbegin|30em}}
;Books
- {{cite book|last1=Ballard|first1=Harvey E|last2=Paula-Souza|first2=Juliana de|last3=Wahlert|first3=Gregory A|editor-last=Kubitzki|editor-first=Klaus|editor-link=Klaus Kubitzki|title=Flowering Plants. 11 Eudicots: Malpighiales|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4vlkyAEACAAJ|date=2013|publisher=Springer Science & Business Media|isbn=978-3-642-39417-1|chapter=Violaceae|pages=303–322|chapter-url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/270759276|ref={{harvid|Ballard et al|2013}}}}{{link note|note=Also preview at [https://www.springer.com/life+sciences/plant+sciences/book/978-3-642-39416-4 Springer]}}
- {{cite book|last1=Bentham|first1=G.|last2=Hooker|first2=J.D.|author-link1=George Bentham|author-link2=Joseph Dalton Hooker| title=Genera plantarum ad exemplaria imprimis in herbariis kewensibus servata definita|format=3 vols.|year=1862|publisher=L Reeve & Co.|location=London|url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/747#/summary|volume=1|chapter=Violarieae|issue=1|pages=114–121|chapter-url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/14680#page/125/mode/1up}}
- {{cite book |last1=Bonpland |first1=Aimé |last2=Humboldt |first2=Alexander von |last3=Kunth |first3=Karl Sigismund |author-link3=Carl Sigismund Kunth|title=Nova genera et species plantarum :quas in peregrinatione ad plagam aequinoctialem orbis novi collegerunt /descripserunt, partim adumbraverunt Amat. Bonpland et Alex. de Humboldt; ex schedis autographis Amati Bonplandi in ordinem digessit Carol. Sigismund. Kunth ... 7 vols.|date=1815–1825|publisher= Christophori Plantini|location=Antwerp |url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/640#/summary|volume=5|chapter=Noisettia|pages=382–385|chapter-url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/6482#page/387/mode/1up|ref={{harvid|Kunth|1821}}}}
- {{cite book|last1=Byng|first1=James W.|author-link=James W. Byng|title=The Flowering Plants Handbook: A practical guide to families and genera of the world|date=2014|publisher=Plant Gateway Ltd.|isbn=978-0-9929993-1-5|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yoLaBAAAQBAJ|chapter=Violaceae|pages=238–239}}
- {{cite book |last1=de Candolle |first1=A. P. |author-link=Augustin Pyramus de Candolle|title=Prodromus systematis naturalis regni vegetabilis, sive, Enumeratio contracta ordinum generum specierumque plantarum huc usque cognitarium, juxta methodi naturalis, normas digesta 17 vols. |date=1824–1873 |publisher=Treuttel et Würtz |location=Paris |url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/286#/summary|volume=1|chapter=Noisettia|page=290|chapter-url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/154246#page/297/mode/1up|ref={{harvid|Candolle|1824}}}}
- {{cite book|last1=Christenhusz|first1=Maarten J. M.|last2=Fay|first2=Michael F.|last3=Chase|first3=Mark W.|author-link1=Maarten Christenhusz|author-link2=Michael F. Fay|author-link3=Mark W. Chase|title=Plants of the World: An Illustrated Encyclopedia of Vascular Plants|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LLo7DwAAQBAJ|date= 2017|publisher=University of Chicago Press|isbn=978-0-226-52292-0|chapter=Violaceae|pages=324–325|ref={{harvid|Christenhusz et al|2017}}}}
- {{cite book|last=Lindley|first=John|author-link=John Lindley|title=The Vegetable Kingdom: or, The structure, classification, and uses of plants, illustrated upon the natural system|publisher=Bradbury|location=London|edition=1st|year=1846| url = https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/7756#/summary|chapter=Violaceae|pages=338–339|chapter-url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/32198#page/412/mode/1up}}
- {{cite book |last1=Martius |first1=Karl Friedrich Philipp von |author-link=Karl Martius|title=Nova genera et species plantarum :quas in itinere per Brasiliam MDCCCXVII-MDCCCXX jussu et auspiciis Maximiliani Josephi I., Bavariae regis augustissimi instituto. 3 vols. |date=1824 |publisher=Lindaueri |location=Munich|url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/450#/summary|language=latin|volume=1|chapter=Noisettia |pages=23–25|chapter-url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/9619#page/27/mode/1up}}
- {{cite book|last1=Quattrocchi|first1=Umberto|title=CRC world dictionary of plant names: common names, scientific names, eponyms, synonyms, and etymology. 4 vols.|date=2000|publisher=CRC Press|location=Boca Raton, FL|isbn=978-0-8493-2677-6|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kaN-hLL-3qEC|volume=3. M-Q|chapter=Noisettia|page=1829}}
- {{cite book |last1=Rudge |first1=Edward |author-link=Edward Rudge|title=Plantarum Guianae rariorum icones et descriptiones hactenus ineditae |date=1805 |publisher=Sumptibus auctoris |location=London |url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/158106#/summary|chapter=Viola orchidiflora|pages=11–12|chapter-url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/57849814#page/15/mode/1up|language=la}}
;Articles
- {{cite journal |last1=Ballard |first1=Harvey E. |last2=Sytsma |first2=Kenneth J. |last3=Kowal |first3=Robert R. |title=Shrinking the Violets: Phylogenetic Relationships of Infrageneric Groups in Viola (Violaceae) Based on Internal Transcribed Spacer DNA Sequences |url=http://sytsma.botany.wisc.edu/pdf/Ballard99.pdf|journal=Systematic Botany |date=October 1998 |volume=23 |issue=4 |pages=439 |doi=10.2307/2419376|jstor=2419376|ref={{harvid|Ballard et al|1998}}}}
- {{cite journal |last1=Gingins |first1=F de |author-link=Frédéric Charles Jean Gingins de la Sarraz|title=Mémoires sur la Famille des Violacees |journal=Mémoires de la Société de physique et d'histoire naturelle de Genève |date=1823 |volume=2 |issue=1 |pages=1–27 |url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/39748#page/9/mode/1up }}
- {{cite journal |last1=Paula-Souza |first1=Juliana de |last2=Rubens Pirani |first2=Jose |last3=Hoffmann |first3=Matthias H |last4=Röser |first4=Martin |title=Reappraisal of names and lectotype designations in the South American genus Anchietea (Violaceae) |journal=Schlechtendalia |date=2013 |volume=25 |pages=63–68 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/270759533|ref={{harvid|Paula-Souza et al|2013}}}}
- {{cite journal |last1=Wahlert |first1=Gregory A. |last2=Marcussen |first2=Thomas |last3=de Paula-Souza |first3=Juliana |last4=Feng |first4=Min |last5=Ballard |first5=Harvey E. |title=A Phylogeny of the Violaceae (Malpighiales) Inferred from Plastid DNA Sequences: Implications for Generic Diversity and Intrafamilial Classification |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/256545045|journal=Systematic Botany |date=1 March 2014 |volume=39 |issue=1 |pages=239–252 |doi=10.1600/036364414X678008|s2cid=86452033 |ref={{harvid|Wahlert et al|2014}}}}
- {{cite journal |last1=Yockteng |first1=R. |last2=Jr Ballard |first2=H. E. |last3=Mansion |first3=G. |last4=Dajoz |first4=I. |last5=Nadot |first5=S. |title=Relationships among pansies ( Viola section Melanium ) investigated using ITS and ISSR markers |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/225488190|jstor=23645153|journal=Plant Systematics and Evolution |date=1 November 2003 |volume=241 |issue=3–4 |pages=153–170 |doi=10.1007/s00606-003-0045-7|bibcode=2003PSyEv.241..153Y |s2cid=25104565 |ref={{harvid|Yockteng et al|2003}}}}
;Websites
- {{cite web |last=WFO|author-link=World Flora Online|title=Noisettia Kunth|url= http://www.worldfloraonline.org/taxon/wfo-4000026203|website=World Flora Online |access-date=11 April 2020 |date=2019}}
- {{cite web |last=POTWO|title= Noisettia Kunth|url= https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:30021350-2|website=Plants of the World Online |publisher=Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew |access-date=13 April 2020|ref={{harvid|POTWO|2020}}}}
- {{cite web |last=IPNI|author-link=International Plant Names Index|title= Noisettia Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. [H.B.K.] |url=https://www.ipni.org/n/30021350-2|publisher=Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew|access-date=13 April 2020|ref={{harvid|IPNI|2020}} }}
- {{cite web|title=Noisettia orchidiflora (Rudge) Ging.|website=Tropicos|url=http://www.tropicos.org/Name/33800548|publisher=Missouri Botanical Garden|access-date=16 April 2020|date=2020|ref={{harvid|Tropicos|2020}}}}
- {{cite web |last=INPN|title=Noisettia orchidiflora (Rudge) Ging., 1824 |url=https://inpn.mnhn.fr/espece/cd_nom/735270?lg=en |website=Inventaire National du Patrimoine Naturel |publisher=Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle|access-date=19 April 2020 |date=2020}}
{{Refend}}
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