Orders of magnitude (numbers)#10.E2.88.9227

File:Chimpanzee seated at typewriter.jpg typing Hamlet]]

• Physics: The probability of a human spontaneously teleporting {{convert|50|km|mile|abbr=off}} due to quantum effects is approximately 10^−4.5×1029.{{citation |last=De Bianchi |first=Massimiliano Sassoli |title=On the quantum "self-teleportation" probability of a human body |publisher=Brussels Free University |pages=1–9 |date=2017-12-25|arxiv=1712.08465 |bibcode=2017arXiv171208465S }}
• Mathematics – random selections: Approximately {{10^|−183,800}} is a rough first estimate of the probability that a typing "monkey", or an English-illiterate typing robot, when placed in front of a typewriter, will type out William Shakespeare's play Hamlet as its first set of inputs, on the precondition it typed the needed number of characters.{{cite book | author=Charles Kittel and Herbert Kroemer | title=Thermal Physics (2nd ed.) | publisher=W. H. Freeman Company | year=1980 | isbn=978-0-7167-1088-2 |pages=53}} However, demanding correct punctuation, capitalization, and spacing, the probability falls to around 10^−360,783.There are around 130,000 letters and 199,749 total characters in Hamlet; 26 letters ×2 for capitalization, 12 for punctuation characters = 64, 64¹⁹⁹⁷⁴⁹ ≈ 10^360,783.
• Computing: 2.2{{e|−78913}} is approximately equal to the smallest non-zero value that can be represented by an octuple-precision IEEE floating-point value.
• 1{{e|−6176}} is equal to the smallest non-zero value that can be represented by a quadruple-precision IEEE decimal floating-point value.
• 6.5{{e|−4966}} is approximately equal to the smallest non-zero value that can be represented by a quadruple-precision IEEE floating-point value.
• 3.6{{e|−4951}} is approximately equal to the smallest non-zero value that can be represented by an 80-bit x86 double-extended IEEE floating-point value.
• 1{{e|−398}} is equal to the smallest non-zero value that can be represented by a double-precision IEEE decimal floating-point value.
• 4.9{{e|−324}} is approximately equal to the smallest non-zero value that can be represented by a double-precision IEEE floating-point value.
• 1.5{{e|-157}} is approximately equal to the probability that in a randomly selected group of 365 people, all of them will have different birthdays.Calculated: 365! / 365³⁶⁵ ≈ 1.455{{e|-157}}
• 1{{e|−101}} is equal to the smallest non-zero value that can be represented by a single-precision IEEE decimal floating-point value.

File:Card shuffle.jpg chance of a specific shuffle]]

• Mathematics: The chances of shuffling a standard 52-card deck in any specific order is around 1.24{{e|−68}} (or exactly {{frac|1|52!}}){{cite web|url=https://www.sciencefocus.com/science/what-are-the-odds-of-shuffling-a-deck-of-cards-into-the-right-order/|author=Robert Matthews|title=What are the odds of shuffling a deck of cards into the right order?|date=22 July 2009 |publisher=Science Focus|access-date=December 10, 2018}}
• Computing: The number 1.4{{e|−45}} is approximately equal to the smallest positive non-zero value that can be represented by a single-precision IEEE floating-point value.

({{gaps|0.000|000|000|000|000|000|000|000|000|001}}; 1000⁻¹⁰; short scale: one nonillionth; long scale: one quintillionth)

ISO: quecto- (q)

• Mathematics: The probability in a game of bridge of all four players getting a complete suit each is approximately {{val|4.47|e=-28}}.{{cite web|url=http://www.bridgehands.com/P/Probabilities_Miscellaneous.htm|title=Probabilities Miscellaneous: Bridge Odds|first=Sales|last=www.BridgeHands.com|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091003015650/http://bridgehands.com/P/Probabilities_Miscellaneous.htm|archive-date=2009-10-03}}

({{gaps|0.000|000|000|000|000|000|000|000|001}}; 1000⁻⁹; short scale: one octillionth; long scale: one quadrilliardth)

ISO: ronto- (r)

({{gaps|0.000|000|000|000|000|000|000|001}}; 1000⁻⁸; short scale: one septillionth; long scale: one quadrillionth)

ISO: yocto- (y)

({{gaps|0.000|000|000|000|000|000|001}}; 1000⁻⁷; short scale: one sextillionth; long scale: one trilliardth)

ISO: zepto- (z)

• Mathematics: The probability of matching 20 numbers for 20 in a game of keno is approximately 2.83 × 10⁻¹⁹.
• Mathematics: The odds of a perfect bracket in the NCAA Division I men's basketball tournament are 1 in 2⁶³, approximately 1.08 × 10⁻¹⁹, if coin flips are used to predict the winners of the 63 matches.{{cite web |last1=Wilco |first1=Daniel |title=The absurd odds of a perfect NCAA bracket |url=https://www.ncaa.com/news/basketball-men/bracketiq/2023-03-16/perfect-ncaa-bracket-absurd-odds-march-madness-dream |website=NCAA.com |date=16 March 2023 |access-date=16 April 2023}}

File:Snake eyes dice.jpg]]

({{gaps|0.000|000|000|000|000|001}}; 1000⁻⁶; short scale: one quintillionth; long scale: one trillionth)

ISO: atto- (a)

• Mathematics: The probability of rolling snake eyes 10 times in a row on a pair of fair dice is about {{val|2.74|e=-16}}.

({{gaps|0.000|000|000|000|001}}; 1000⁻⁵; short scale: one quadrillionth; long scale: one billiardth)

ISO: femto- (f)

• Mathematics: The Ramanujan constant, $e^\{\backslash pi\backslash sqrt\{163\}\}\; =\; 262\backslash ,537\backslash ,412\backslash ,640\backslash ,768\backslash ,743.999\backslash ,999\backslash ,999\backslash ,999\backslash ,25\backslash ldots,$ is an almost integer, differing from the nearest integer by approximately {{val|7.5|e=-13}}.

({{gaps|0.000|000|000|001}}; 1000⁻⁴; short scale: one trillionth; long scale: one billionth)

ISO: pico- (p)

• Mathematics: The probability in a game of bridge of one player getting a complete suit is approximately {{val|2.52|e=-11}} ({{gaps|0.000|000|002|52%}}).
• Biology: Human visual sensitivity to 1000 nm light is approximately {{val|1.0|e=-10}} of its peak sensitivity at 555 nm.{{cite journal | last1 = Walraven | first1 = P. L. | last2 = Lebeek | first2 = H. J. | year = 1963 | title = Foveal Sensitivity of the Human Eye in the Near Infrared | journal = J. Opt. Soc. Am. | volume = 53 | issue = 6| pages = 765–766 | doi=10.1364/josa.53.000765| pmid = 13998626 | bibcode = 1963JOSA...53..765W }}

({{gaps|0.000|000|001}}; 1000⁻³; short scale: one billionth; long scale: one milliardth)

ISO: nano- (n)

• Mathematics – Lottery: The odds of winning the Grand Prize (matching all 6 numbers) in the US Powerball lottery, with a single ticket, under the rules {{As of|2015|10|lc=on}}, are 292,201,338 to 1 against, for a probability of {{val|3.422|e=-9}} ({{gaps|0.000|000|342|2%}}).
• Mathematics – Lottery: The odds of winning the Grand Prize (matching all 6 numbers) in the Australian Powerball lottery, with a single ticket, under the rules {{As of|2018|04|lc=on}}, are 134,490,400 to 1 against, for a probability of {{val|7.435|e=-9}} ({{gaps|0.000|000|743|5%}}).
• Mathematics – Lottery: The odds of winning the Jackpot (matching the 6 main numbers) in the current 59-ball UK National Lottery Lotto, with a single ticket, under the rules {{As of|2024|12|lc=on}}, are 45,057,474 to 1 against, for a probability of {{val|2.219|e=-8}} ({{gaps|0.000|002|219%}}).{{cite web|url=https://www.lottery.co.uk/lotto/odds#google_vignette|title=Lotto Odds|website=lottery.co.uk|accessdate=2024-12-06}}
• Computing: The number 6{{e|−8}} is approximately equal to the smallest positive non-zero value that can be represented by a half-precision IEEE floating-point value.
• Mathematics – Lottery: The odds of winning the Jackpot (matching the 6 main numbers) in the former 49-ball UK National Lottery, with a single ticket, were 13,983,815 to 1 against, for a probability of {{val|7.151|e=-8}} ({{gaps|0.000|007|151%}}).

({{gaps|0.000|001}}; 1000⁻²; long and short scales: one millionth)

ISO: micro- (μ)

File:Poker Hands.png hands]]

• Mathematics – Poker: The odds of being dealt a royal flush in poker are 649,739 to 1 against, for a probability of 1.5{{e|-6}} ({{gaps|0.000|15%}}).{{cite web|url=https://www.thoughtco.com/probability-of-being-dealt-a-royal-flush-3126173|author=Courtney Taylor|title=The Probability of Being Dealt a Royal Flush in Poker|publisher=ThoughtCo.|access-date=December 10, 2018}}
• Mathematics – Poker: The odds of being dealt a straight flush (other than a royal flush) in poker are 72,192 to 1 against, for a probability of 1.4{{e|-5}} (0.0014%).
• Mathematics – Poker: The odds of being dealt a four of a kind in poker are 4,164 to 1 against, for a probability of 2.4{{e|-4}} (0.024%).

(0.001; 1000⁻¹; one thousandth)

ISO: milli- (m)

• Mathematics – Poker: The odds of being dealt a full house in poker are 693 to 1 against, for a probability of 1.4 × 10⁻³ (0.14%).
• Mathematics – Poker: The odds of being dealt a flush in poker are 507.8 to 1 against, for a probability of 1.9 × 10⁻³ (0.19%).
• Mathematics – Poker: The odds of being dealt a straight in poker are 253.8 to 1 against, for a probability of 4 × 10⁻³ (0.39%).
• Physics: α = {{val|0.007297352570|(5)}}, the fine-structure constant.

(0.01; one hundredth)

ISO: centi- (c)

• Mathematics – Lottery: The odds of winning any prize in the UK National Lottery, with a single ticket, under the rules as of 2003, are 54 to 1 against, for a probability of about 0.018 (1.8%).
• Mathematics – Poker: The odds of being dealt a three of a kind in poker are 46 to 1 against, for a probability of 0.021 (2.1%).
• Mathematics – Lottery: The odds of winning any prize in the Powerball, with a single ticket, under the rules as of 2015, are 24.87 to 1 against, for a probability of 0.0402 (4.02%).
• Mathematics – Poker: The odds of being dealt two pair in poker are 21 to 1 against, for a probability of 0.048 (4.8%).

(0.1; one tenth)

ISO: deci- (d)

• Legal history: 10% was widespread as the tax raised for income or produce in the ancient and medieval period; see tithe.
• Mathematics – Poker: The odds of being dealt only one pair in poker are about 5 to 2 against (2.37 to 1), for a probability of 0.42 (42%).
• Mathematics – Poker: The odds of being dealt no pair in poker are nearly 1 to 2, for a probability of about 0.5 (50%).

File:Planets2013.svg]]

(1; one)

• Demography: The population of Monowi, an incorporated village in Nebraska, United States, was one in 2010.
• Religion: One is the number of gods in Judaism, Christianity, and Islam (monotheistic religions).
• Computing – Unicode: One character is assigned to the Lisu Supplement Unicode block, the fewest of any public-use Unicode block as of Unicode 15.0 (2022).
• Mathematics: 1 is the only natural number (not including 0) that is not prime or composite.
• Mathematics: Cube root of 2 ≈ {{gaps|1.259|921|049|894|873|165}}, the length of a side of a cube with a volume of 2.
• Mathematics: If the Riemann hypothesis is true, Mills' constant is approximately 1.3063778838630806904686144926... {{OEIS|id=A051021|name=Decimal expansion of Mills's constant, assuming the Riemann Hypothesis is true}}.
• Mathematics: Square root of 2 ≈ {{gaps|1.414|213|562|373|095|049}}, the ratio of the diagonal of a square to its side length.
• Mathematics: φ ≈ {{gaps|1.618|033|988|749|894|848}}, the golden ratio.
• Mathematics: Square root of 3 ≈ {{gaps|1.732|050|807|568|877|293}}, the ratio of the diagonal of a unit cube.
• Mathematics: the number system understood by most computers, the binary system, uses 2 digits: 0 and 1.
• Mathematics: Square root of 5 ≈ 2.236 067 9775, the correspondent to the diagonal of a rectangle whose side lengths are 1 and 2.
• Mathematics: {{Radic|2}} + 1 ≈ {{gaps|2.414|213|562|373|095|049}}, the silver ratio; the ratio of the smaller of the two quantities to the larger quantity is the same as the ratio of the larger quantity to the sum of the smaller quantity and twice the larger quantity.
• Mathematics: e ≈ {{gaps|2.718|281|828|459|045|087}}, the base of the natural logarithm.
• Mathematics: the number system understood by ternary computers, the ternary system, uses 3 digits: 0, 1, and 2.
• Religion: three manifestations of God in the Christian Trinity.
• Mathematics: π ≈ {{gaps|3.141|592|653|589|793|238}}, the ratio of a circle's circumference to its diameter.
• Religion: the Four Noble Truths in Buddhism.
• Human scale: There are five digits on a human hand, and five toes on a human foot.
• Mathematics: 6 is the smallest perfect number.{{OEIS|A000396}}
• Biology: 7 ± 2, in cognitive science, George A. Miller's estimate of the number of objects that can be simultaneously held in human working memory.
• Music: 7 notes in a major or minor scale.
• Astronomy: 8 planets in the Solar System: Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune.
• Biology – Spider anatomy: Eight jointed legs of a spider.
• Religion: the Noble Eightfold Path in Buddhism.
• Literature: 9 circles of Hell in the Inferno by Dante Alighieri.

File:Two hand, ten fingers.jpg on two human hands]]

(10; ten)

ISO: deca- (da)

• Demography: The population of Pesnopoy, a village in Bulgaria, was 10 in 2007.
• Human scale: There are 10 digits on a pair of human hands, and 10 toes on a pair of human feet.
• Mathematics: The decimal system has 10 digits: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9.
• Religion: the Ten Commandments in the Abrahamic religions.
• Mathematics: 11 is the first prime exponent that does not yield a Mersenne prime.
• Music: There are 12 notes in the chromatic scale.
• Astrology: There are 12 zodiac signs, each one representing part of the annual path of the sun's movement across the night sky.
• Computing – Microsoft Windows: Twelve successive consumer versions of Windows NT have been released as of December 2021.
• Culture: 13 is considered an "unlucky" number in Western superstition.
• Music: Composers Ludwig van Beethoven and Dmitri Shostakovich both completed and numbered 15 string quartets in their lifetimes.
• Linguistics: The Finnish language has 15 noun cases.
• Mathematics: The hexadecimal system, a common number system used in computer programming, uses 16 digits where the last 6 are typically represented by letters: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, A, B, C, D, E, F.
• Computing – Unicode: The minimum possible size of a Unicode block is 16 contiguous code points (i.e., U+abcde0 - U+abcdeF).
• Computing – UTF-16/Unicode: There are 17 addressable planes in UTF-16, and, thus, as Unicode is limited to the UTF-16 code space, 17 valid planes in Unicode.
• Science fiction: The 23 enigma plays a prominent role in the plot of The Illuminatus! Trilogy by Robert Shea and Robert Anton Wilson.
• Mathematics: Gelfond's constant ≈ 23.140692633
• Music: There is a combined total of 24 major and minor keys, also the number of works in some musical cycles of J. S. Bach, Frédéric Chopin, Alexander Scriabin, and Dmitri Shostakovich.
• Alphabetic writing: There are 26 letters in the Latin-derived English alphabet (excluding letters found only in foreign loanwords).
• History: 39 is considered unlucky in Afghanistan, due to the belief that it is associated with pimps. See Curse of 39.{{cite web|title=Loya jirga: Afghan elders reject 'pimp's number 39'|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-15769990|access-date=3 April 2025|work=BBC News|date=17 November 2011}}
• Science fiction: The number 42, in {{H2G2|book|1|link=yes}} by Douglas Adams, is the Answer to the Ultimate Question of Life, the Universe, and Everything which is calculated by an enormous supercomputer over a period of 7.5 million years.
• Biology: A human cell typically contains 46 chromosomes.
• Phonology: There are 47 phonemes in English phonology in Received Pronunciation.
• Syllabic writing: There are 49 letters in each of the two kana syllabaries (hiragana and katakana) used to represent Japanese (not counting letters representing sound patterns that have never occurred in Japanese).
• Chess: Either player in a chess game can claim a draw if 50 consecutive moves are made by each side without any captures or pawn moves.
• Culture: 69 is a slang term for reciprocal oral sex.
• Mathematics: 70 is the smallest weird number.
• Demography: The population of Nassau Island, part of the Cook Islands, was around 78 in 2016.{{Cite web |date=December 6, 2024 |title=Cook Islands 2016 Census Main Report |url=http://www.mfem.gov.ck/images/documents/Statistics_Docs/5.Census-Surveys/6.Population-and-Dwelling_2016/2016_CENSUS_REPORT-FINAL.pdf |access-date=December 6, 2024 |archive-date=October 31, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201031062651/http://www.mfem.gov.ck/images/documents/Statistics_Docs/5.Census-Surveys/6.Population-and-Dwelling_2016/2016_CENSUS_REPORT-FINAL.pdf |url-status=dead }}
• Syllabic writing: There are 85 letters in the modern version of the Cherokee syllabary.
• Music: Typically, there are 88 keys on a grand piano.
• Computing – ASCII: There are 95 printable characters in the ASCII character set.

File:ASCII-Table-wide.svg characters]]

(100; hundred)

ISO: hecto- (h)

• European history: Groupings of 100 homesteads were a common administrative unit in Northern Europe and Great Britain (see Hundred (county division)).
• Music: There are 104 numbered symphonies of Franz Josef Haydn.
• Religion: 108 is a sacred number in Hinduism.
• Chemistry: 118 chemical elements have been discovered or synthesized as of 2016.
• Computing – Computational limit of an 8-bit CPU: 127 is equal to 2⁷−1, and as such is the largest number which can fit into a signed (two's complement) 8-bit integer on a computer.
• Computing – ASCII: There are 128 characters in the ASCII character set, including nonprintable control characters.
• Videogames: There are 151 Pokémon in the first generation.
• Phonology: The Taa language is estimated to have between 130 and 164 distinct phonemes.
• Political science: There were 193 member states of the United Nations as of 2011.
• Computing: A GIF image (or an 8-bit image) supports maximum 256 (2⁸) colors.
• Mathematics: 257 is the fourth Fermat prime.
• Computing – Unicode: There are 327 different Unicode blocks as of Unicode 15.0 (2022).
• Mathematics: 383 is the third Woodall prime.
• Computing – HTTP: 404 is the HTTP status code for Not Found.
• Mathematics: 563 is the largest known Wilson prime.
• Aviation: 583 people died in the 1977 Tenerife airport disaster, the deadliest accident in the history of civil aviation.
• Music: The largest number (626) in the Köchel catalogue of works of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart.
• Religion: 666 is the number of the beast from the Book of Revelation.
• Demography: Vatican City, the least populous independent country, has an approximate population of 800 as of 2018.

File:Legion Task ORG.png (precise size varies)]]

({{gaps|1|000}}; thousand)

ISO: kilo- (k)

• Videogames: There are 1,025 Pokémon up to the ninth and latest generation.
• Demography: The population of Ascension Island is 1,122.
• Music: 1,128: number of known extant works by Johann Sebastian Bach recognized in the Bach-Werke-Verzeichnis as of 2017.
• Mathematics: 1,729 is the first nontrivial taxicab number, expressed as the sum of two cubic numbers in two different ways. It is known as the Ramanujan number or Hardy–Ramanujan number after G. H. Hardy and Srinivasa Ramanujan.
• Typesetting: 2,000–3,000 letters on a typical typed page of text.
• Mathematics: {{nowrap|2¹¹ − 1 {{=}} 2,047 {{=}} 23 × 89}} is the smallest composite Mersenne number with prime exponent n.
• Mathematics: 2,520 (5×7×8×9 or 2³×3²×5×7) is the least common multiple of every positive integer under (and including) 10.
• Demographics – Wealth: There are 2,781 billionaires worldwide {{As of|2024|April|lc=on}}.{{Cite web |last=Peterson-Withorn |first=Chase |title=Forbes' 38th Annual World's Billionaires List: Facts And Figures 2024 |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/chasewithorn/2024/04/02/forbes-38th-annual-worlds-billionaires-list-facts-and-figures-2024/ |access-date=2025-03-26 |website=Forbes |language=en}}
• Terrorism: 2,996 persons (including 19 terrorists) died in the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001.
• Biology: the DNA of the simplest viruses has 3,000 base pairs.{{Cite journal|last1=Mason|first1=W S|last2=Seal|first2=G|last3=Summers|first3=J|date=1980-12-01|title=Virus of Pekin ducks with structural and biological relatedness to human hepatitis B virus.|journal=Journal of Virology|volume=36|issue=3|pages=829–836|doi=10.1128/JVI.36.3.829-836.1980|issn=0022-538X|pmc=353710|pmid=7463557}}
• Mathematics: 3,511 is the largest known Wieferich prime.
• Military history: 4,200 (Republic) or 5,200 (Empire) was the standard size of a Roman legion.
• Linguistics: Estimates for the linguistic diversity of living human languages or dialects range between 5,000 and 10,000. (SIL Ethnologue in 2009 listed 6,909 known living languages.)
• Astronomy – Catalogues: There are 7,840 deep-sky objects in the NGC Catalogue from 1888.
• Lexicography: 8,674 unique words in the Hebrew Bible.

({{gaps|10|000}}; ten thousand or a myriad)

• Biology: Each neuron in the human brain is estimated to connect to 10,000 others.
• Demography: The population of Tuvalu was 10,645 in 2017.
• Lexicography: 14,500 unique English words occur in the King James Version of the Bible.
• Mathematics: 15,511 is the third Motzkin prime.
• Zoology: There are approximately 17,500 distinct butterfly species known.{{Cite web|title=Butterflies|url=https://www.si.edu/spotlight/buginfo/butterfly|access-date=2020-11-27|website=Smithsonian Institution|language=en}}
• Language: There are 20,000–40,000 distinct Chinese characters in more than occasional use.
• Biology: Each human being is estimated to have 20,000 coding genes.{{Cite web|url=http://www.ensembl.org/Homo_sapiens/Info/Annotation|title=Homo sapiens – Ensembl genome browser 87|website=www.ensembl.org|language=en-gb|access-date=2017-01-28|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170525161238/http://www.ensembl.org/Homo_sapiens/Info/Annotation|archive-date=2017-05-25}}
• Grammar: Each regular verb in Cherokee can have 21,262 inflected forms.
• War: 22,717 Union and Confederate soldiers were killed, wounded, or missing in the Battle of Antietam, the bloodiest single day of battle in American history.
• Computing – Computational limit of a 16-bit CPU: 32,767 is equal to 2¹⁵−1, and as such is the largest number which can fit into a signed (two's complement) 16-bit integer on a computer.
• Computing – Unicode: 42,720 characters are encoded in CJK Unified Ideographs Extension B, the most of any single public-use Unicode block as of Unicode 15.0 (2022).
• Aviation: {{asof|July 2021}}, 44,000+ airframes have been built of the Cessna 172, the most-produced aircraft in history.
• Computing: 65,504 is equal to the largest value that can be represented in the IEEE half precision floating-point format.
• Computing - Fonts: The maximum possible number of glyphs in a TrueType or OpenType font is 65,535 (2¹⁶-1), the largest number representable by the 16-bit unsigned integer used to record the total number of glyphs in the font.
• Computing – Unicode: A plane contains 65,536 (2¹⁶) code points; this is also the maximum size of a Unicode block, and the total number of code points available in the obsolete UCS-2 encoding.
• Mathematics: 65,537 is the fifth and largest known Fermat prime.
• Memory: {{As of|2015}}, the largest number of decimal places of π that have been recited from memory is 70,030.{{cite web|url=http://pi-world-ranking-list.com/index.php?page=lists&category=pi|title=Pi World Ranking List|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170629092342/http://www.pi-world-ranking-list.com/index.php?page=lists&category=pi|archive-date=2017-06-29}}
• Mathematics: 82,000 is the only known number greater than 1 that can be written in bases from 2 through 5 using only 0s and 1s.Sequence [http://oeis.org/A146025 A146025] in The On-Line Encyclopedia of Integer SequencesSequence [http://oeis.org/A258107 A258107] in The On-Line Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences
• Mathematics: 87,360 is the fourth unitary perfect number.

File:Woman with long brown hair, close-up view.jpg]]

({{gaps|100|000}}; one hundred thousand or a lakh).

• Biology – Strands of hair on a head: The average human head has about 100,000–150,000 strands of hair.
• Literature: approximately 100,000 verses (shlokas) in the Mahabharata.
• Demography: The population of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines was 109,991 in 2012.
• Mathematics: 2¹⁷ − 1 = 131,071 is the sixth Mersenne prime. It is the largest nth Mersenne prime with n digits.{{Cite web|title=Prime Curios! 131071|url=https://t5k.org/curios/page.php/131071.html|access-date=2025-04-03|website=t5k.org|language=en}}
• Mathematics: There are 138,240 possible combinations on the Skewb Diamond.
• Computing – Unicode: 149,186 characters (including control characters) encoded in Unicode as of version 15.0 (2022).
• Language: 267,000 words in James Joyce's Ulysses.
• Computing – Unicode: 293,168 code points assigned to a Unicode block as of Unicode 15.0.
• Genocide: 300,000 people killed in the Nanjing Massacre.
• Language – English words: The New Oxford Dictionary of English contains about 360,000 definitions for English words.
• Mathematics: 380,000 – The approximate number of entries in The On-Line Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences {{as of|2025|January|lc=on}}.{{Cite OEIS|1=A380000|access-date=2025-03-22}}
• Biology – Plants: There are approximately 390,000 distinct plant species known, of which approximately 20% (or 78,000) are at risk of extinction.{{Cite news|date=2016-05-09|title=Kew report makes new tally for number of world's plants|language=en-GB|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-36230858|access-date=2020-11-27}}
• Biology – Flowers: There are approximately 400,000 distinct flower species on Earth.{{Cite web|title=Estimate of flowering plant species to be cut by 600,000|url=https://phys.org/news/2010-09-species.html|access-date=2020-11-28|website=phys.org|language=en}}
• Literature: 564,000 words in War and Peace by Leo Tolstoy.
• Literature: 930,000 words in the King James Version of the Bible.
• Mathematics: There are 933,120 possible combinations on the Pyraminx.
• Computing – Unicode: There are 974,530 publicly-assignable code points (i.e., not surrogates, private-use code points, or noncharacters) in Unicode.

File:Pocket cube scrambled.jpg positions]]

({{gaps|1|000|000}}; 1000²; long and short scales: one million)

ISO: mega- (M)

• Demography: The population of Riga, Latvia was 1,003,949 in 2004, according to Eurostat.
• Computing – UTF-8: There are 1,112,064 (2²⁰ + 2¹⁶ - 2¹¹) valid UTF-8 sequences (excluding overlong sequences and sequences corresponding to code points used for UTF-16 surrogates or code points beyond U+10FFFF).
• Computing – UTF-16/Unicode: There are 1,114,112 (2²⁰ + 2¹⁶) distinct values encodable in UTF-16, and, thus (as Unicode is currently limited to the UTF-16 code space), 1,114,112 valid code points in Unicode (1,112,064 scalar values and 2,048 surrogates).
• Ludology – Number of games: Approximately 1,181,019 video games have been created as of 2019.{{Cite web|last=Jacob|title=How Many Video Games Exist?|url=https://gamingshift.com/how-many-video-games-exist/|access-date=2020-11-28|website=Gaming Shift|language=en-US}}
• Biology – Species: The World Resources Institute claims that approximately 1.4 million species have been named, out of an unknown number of total species (estimates range between 2 and 100 million species). Some scientists give 8.8 million species as an exact figure.
• Genocide: Approximately 800,000–1,500,000 (1.5 million) Armenians were killed in the Armenian genocide.
• Linguistics: The number of possible conjugations for each verb in the Archi language is 1,502,839.Kibrik, A. E. (2001). "Archi (Caucasian—Daghestanian)", The Handbook of Morphology, Blackwell, pg. 468
• Info: The freedb database of CD track listings has around 1,750,000 entries {{As of|2005|6|lc=on}}.
• Computing – UTF-8: 2,164,864 (2²¹ + 2¹⁶ + 2¹¹ + 2⁷) possible one- to four-byte UTF-8 sequences, if the restrictions on overlong sequences, surrogate code points, and code points beyond U+10FFFF are not adhered to. (Note that not all of these correspond to unique code points.)
• Mathematics – Playing cards: There are 2,598,960 different 5-card poker hands that can be dealt from a standard 52-card deck.
• Mathematics: There are 3,149,280 possible positions for the Skewb.
• Mathematics – Rubik's Cube: 3,674,160 is the number of combinations for the Pocket Cube (2×2×2 Rubik's Cube).
• Geography/Computing – Geographic places: The NIMA GEOnet Names Server contains approximately 3.88 million named geographic features outside the United States, with 5.34 million names. The USGS Geographic Names Information System claims to have almost 2 million physical and cultural geographic features within the United States.
• Computing - Supercomputer hardware: 4,981,760 processor cores in the final configuration of the Tianhe-2 supercomputer.
• Genocide: Approximately 5,100,000–6,200,000 Jews were killed in the Holocaust.
• Info – Web sites: As of {{CURRENTMONTHNAME}} {{CURRENTDAY}}, {{CURRENTYEAR}}, the English Wikipedia contains approximately {{#expr:{{formatnum:{{NUMBEROFARTICLES}}|R}}/10^6 round1}} million articles in the English language.

File:Pavage domino.svgs of a checkerboard]]

({{gaps|10|000|000}}; a crore; long and short scales: ten million)

• Demography: The population of Haiti was 10,085,214 in 2010.
• Literature: 11,206,310 words in Devta by Mohiuddin Nawab, the longest continuously published story known in the history of literature.
• Genocide: An estimated 12 million persons shipped from Africa to the New World in the Atlantic slave trade.
• Mathematics: 12,988,816 is the number of domino tilings of an 8×8 checkerboard.
• Genocide/Famine: 15 million is an estimated lower bound for the death toll of the 1959–1961 Great Chinese Famine, the deadliest known famine in human history.
• War: 15 to 22 million casualties estimated as a result of World War I.
• Computing: 16,777,216 different colors can be generated using the hex code system in HTML (note that the trichromatic color vision of the human eye can only distinguish between about an estimated 1,000,000 different colors).{{cite book | vauthors = Judd DB, Wyszecki G |title=Color in Business, Science and Industry|publisher=Wiley-Interscience|series=Wiley Series in Pure and Applied Optics|edition=third|location=New York|year= 1975|page=388|isbn=978-0-471-45212-6}}
• Computing: 16,777,216 (2²⁴) – number until which all integer values can exactly be represented in IEEE single precision floating-point format.
• Mathematics: There are 19,958,400 possible combinations on the Dino Cube.[https://www.jaapsch.net/puzzles/dinocube.htm Dino Cube / Rainbow Cube / BrainTwist] - Jaap's Puzzle Page
• Science Fiction: In Isaac Asimov's Galactic Empire, in 22,500 CE, there are 25,000,000 different inhabited planets in the Galactic Empire, all inhabited by humans in Asimov's "human galaxy" scenario.
• Demography: The population of Saudi Arabia was 34,566,328 in 2022.
• Demography: The population of Canada was 36,991,981 in 2021.
• Demographics – Oceania: The population of Oceania was 44,491,724 in 2021.
• Genocide/Famine: 55 million is an estimated upper bound for the death toll of the Great Chinese Famine.
• Literature: Wikipedia contains a total of around {{Spellnum per MOS|{{NUMBEROF|ARTICLES|total}}}} articles in list of Wikipedias as of {{CURRENTMONTHNAME}} {{CURRENTYEAR}}.
• Demography: The population of the United Kingdom was 66,940,559 in 2021.
• War: 70 to 85 million casualties estimated as a result of World War II.
• Mathematics: 73,939,133 is the largest right-truncatable prime.
• Mathematics: 87,539,319 is the third taxicab number.

({{gaps|100|000|000}}; long and short scales: one hundred million)

• Demography: The population of the Philippines was 100,981,437 in 2015.
• Internet – YouTube: The number of YouTube channels is estimated to be 113.9 million.{{Cite news|first=Tim|last=Queen|title=How Many YouTube Channels Are There?|url=https://timqueen.com/youtube-number-of-channels/|date=26 March 2022|newspaper=Tim Queen|language=en-US|access-date=2022-03-28}}
• Info – Books: The British Library holds more than 150 million items. The Library of Congress holds approximately 148 million items. See The Gutenberg Galaxy.
• Video gaming: {{asof|2020}}, approximately 200 million copies of Minecraft (the most-sold video game in history) have been sold.
• Mathematics: More than 215,000,000 mathematical constants are collected on the Plouffe's Inverter {{As of|2010|lc=on}}.[http://pi.lacim.uqam.ca/eng/ Plouffe's Inverter] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050812010306/http://pi.lacim.uqam.ca/eng/ |date=2005-08-12 }}
• Mathematics: 275,305,224 is the number of 5×5 normal magic squares, not counting rotations and reflections. This result was found in 1973 by Richard Schroeppel.
• Demography: The population of the United States was 331,449,281 in 2020.
• Mathematics: 358,833,097 stellations of the rhombic triacontahedron.
• Mathematics: There are 406,425,600 possible combinations on the Rubik's Domino.[http://www.jaapsch.net/puzzles/domino.htm Rubik's Domino]
• Demographics – South America: The population of South America was 434,254,119 in 2021.
• Info – Web sites: {{As of|2011|11}}, the Netcraft web survey estimates that there are 525,998,433 (526 million) distinct websites.
• Demographics – North America: The population of North America was 592,296,233 in 2021.
• Demographics – Europe: The population of Europe was 745,173,774 in 2021.
• Toys – Lego: Six bricks of 2 × 4 Lego studs{{cite web |url=http://thebrickblogger.com/2010/11/lego-disctionary-basic-term/ |title=Learn to speak LEGO! – BASIC TERMS |access-date=29 March 2025 |archive-date=12 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612143621/http://thebrickblogger.com/2010/11/lego-disctionary-basic-term/ |url-status=live}}, [http://thebrickblogger.com/ The Brick Blogger]. can be combined in 915,103,765 ways.{{cite web |last=Roshanzamir |first=Ali |url=http://www.science.ku.dk/presse/nyhedsarkiv/2013/leger-med-lego-klodser/ |title=Matematik-professoren leger med lego-klodser |publisher=University of Copenhagen Faculty of Science |date=10 December 2013 |access-date=29 March 2025 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402194839/http://www.science.ku.dk/presse/nyhedsarkiv/2013/leger-med-lego-klodser/ |archive-date=2 April 2015}}
• Astronomy – Cataloged stars: The Guide Star Catalog II has entries on 998,402,801 distinct astronomical objects.

File:World population v3.svg estimates]]

({{gaps|1|000|000|000}}; 1000³; short scale: one billion; long scale: one thousand million, or one milliard)

ISO: giga- (G)

• Info – Web sites: As of {{CURRENTMONTHNAME}} {{CURRENTDAY}}, {{CURRENTYEAR}}, the English Wikipedia has been edited approximately {{#expr:{{formatnum:{{NUMBEROFEDITS}}|R}}/10^9 round1}} billion times.
• Transportation – Cars: {{As of|2018}}, there are approximately 1.4 billion cars in the world, corresponding to around 18% of the human population.{{Cite web|title=How many cars are there in the world?|url=https://www.carsguide.com.au/car-advice/how-many-cars-are-there-in-the-world-70629|date=6 August 2018|website=carsguide|access-date=18 May 2020}}
• Demographics – China: 1,409,670,000 – approximate population of the People's Republic of China in 2023.{{Cite news |last=Master |first=Farah |date=2024-01-17 |title=China's population drops for second year, with record low birth rate |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/china/chinas-population-drops-2nd-year-raises-long-term-growth-concerns-2024-01-17/ |access-date=2024-01-17 |newspaper=Reuters}}
• Demographics – India: 1,428,627,663 – approximate population of India in 2023.{{Cite web |title=World Population Prospects – Population Division – United Nations |url=https://population.un.org/wpp/ |access-date=2 July 2023 |website=population.un.org}}
• Demographics – Africa: The population of Africa reached 1,430,000,000 sometime in 2023.
• Internet – Google: There are more than 1,500,000,000 active Gmail users globally.{{Cite web|title=How many Gmail user accounts are there in the world? {{!}} blog.gsmart.in|url=https://blog.gsmart.in/how-many-gmail-account-users-in-the-world/|access-date=2020-11-28|language=en-US}}
• Internet: Approximately 1,500,000,000 active users were on Facebook as of October 2015.{{Cite web|url=http://www.statista.com/statistics/264810/number-of-monthly-active-facebook-users-worldwide/|title=Facebook users worldwide 2016 {{!}} Statista|last=Christof Baron|date=2015|website=Statista|publisher=statista.com|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160909035344/http://www.statista.com/statistics/264810/number-of-monthly-active-facebook-users-worldwide/|archive-date=2016-09-09}}
• Computing – Computational limit of a 32-bit CPU: 2,147,483,647 is equal to 2³¹−1, and as such is the largest number which can fit into a signed (two's complement) 32-bit integer on a computer.
• Computing – UTF-8: 2,147,483,648 (2³¹) possible code points (U+0000 - U+7FFFFFFF) in the pre-2003 version of UTF-8 (including five- and six-byte sequences), before the UTF-8 code space was limited to the much smaller set of values encodable in UTF-16.
• Biology – base pairs in the genome: approximately 3.3{{e|9}} base pairs in the human genome.
• Linguistics: 3,400,000,000 – the total number of speakers of Indo-European languages, of which 2,400,000,000 are native speakers; the other 1,000,000,000 speak Indo-European languages as a second language.
• Mathematics and computing: 4,294,967,295 (2³² − 1), the product of the five known Fermat primes and the maximum value for a 32-bit unsigned integer in computing.
• Computing – IPv4: 4,294,967,296 (2³²) possible unique IP addresses.
• Computing: 4,294,967,296 – the number of bytes in 4 gibibytes; in computation, 32-bit computers can directly access 2³² units (bytes) of address space, which leads directly to the 4-gigabyte limit on main memory.
• Mathematics: 4,294,967,297 is a Fermat number and semiprime. It is the smallest number of the form $2^\{2^n\}+1$ which is not a prime number.
• Demographics – Asia: The population of Asia was 4,694,576,167 in 2021.
• Demographics – world population: 8,019,876,189 – Estimated population for the world as of 1 January 2024.{{cite news|title=Census Bureau Projects U.S. and World Populations on New Year's Day|url=https://www.commerce.gov/news/blog/2024/01/census-bureau-projects-us-and-world-populations-new-years-day|website=commerce.gov|date=3 January 2024|accessdate=2 June 2024}}

({{gaps|10|000|000|000}}; short scale: ten billion; long scale: ten thousand million, or ten milliard)

• Biology – bacteria in the human body: There are roughly 10¹⁰ bacteria in the human mouth.
• Mathematics: 32,212,254,719 is the fourth Woodall prime.
• Mathematics: 51,001,180,160 is the largest known triperfect number.
• Computing – web pages: approximately 5.6{{e|10}} web pages indexed by Google as of 2010.

({{gaps|100|000|000|000}}; short scale: one hundred billion; long scale: hundred thousand million, or hundred milliard)

• Astronomy: There are 100 billion planets located in the Milky Way.{{Cite web|title=How Many Planets are in the Milky Way? {{!}} Amount, Location & Key Facts|url=https://nineplanets.org/questions/how-many-planets-are-in-the-milky-way/|access-date=2020-11-28|website=The Nine Planets|date=29 September 2020 |language=en-US}}{{Cite web|last=January 2013|first=Space com Staff 02|title=100 Billion Alien Planets Fill Our Milky Way Galaxy: Study|url=https://www.space.com/19103-milky-way-100-billion-planets.html|access-date=2020-11-28|website=Space.com|date=2 January 2013|language=en}}
• Astronomy – stars in our galaxy: of the order of 10¹¹ stars in the Milky Way galaxy.Elizabeth Howell, [http://www.space.com/25959-how-many-stars-are-in-the-milky-way.html How Many Stars Are in the Milky Way?] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160528223601/http://www.space.com/25959-how-many-stars-are-in-the-milky-way.html |date=2016-05-28 }}, Space.com, 21 May 2014 (citing estimates from 100 to 400 billion).
• Biology – Neurons in the brain: approximately (1±0.2) × 10¹¹ neurons in the human brain."there was, to our knowledge, no actual, direct estimate of numbers of cells or of neurons in the entire human brain to be cited until 2009. A reasonable approximation was provided by Williams and Herrup (1988), from the compilation of partial numbers in the literature. These authors estimated the number of neurons in the human brain at about 85 billion [...] With more recent estimates of 21–26 billion neurons in the cerebral cortex (Pelvig et al., 2008 ) and 101 billion neurons in the cerebellum (Andersen et al., 1992 ), however, the total number of neurons in the human brain would increase to over 120 billion neurons." {{cite journal | last1 = Herculano-Houzel | first1 = Suzana | year = 2009| title = The human brain in numbers: a linearly scaled-up primate brain | doi = 10.3389/neuro.09.031.2009 | journal = Front. Hum. Neurosci. | volume = 3| pages = 31 | pmid=19915731 | pmc=2776484| doi-access = free }}
• Paleodemography – Number of humans that have ever lived: approximately (1.2±0.3) × 10¹¹ live births of anatomically modern humans since the beginning of the Upper Paleolithic.{{cite journal | last1 = Kapitsa | first1 = Sergei P | year = 1996 | title = The phenomenological theory of world population growth | journal = Physics-Uspekhi | volume = 39 | issue = 1| pages = 57–71 | doi=10.1070/pu1996v039n01abeh000127 | bibcode = 1996PhyU...39...57K| s2cid = 250877833 }} (citing the range of 80 to 150 billion, citing K. M. Weiss, Human Biology 56637, 1984, and N. Keyfitz, Applied Mathematical Demography, New York: Wiley, 1977). C. Haub, "How Many People Have Ever Lived on Earth?", Population Today 23.2), pp. 5–6, cited an estimate of 105 billion births since 50,000 BC, updated to 107 billion as of 2011 in {{Cite web |last=Haub |first=Carl |date=October 2011 |title=How Many People Have Ever Lived on Earth? |publisher=Population Reference Bureau |url=http://www.prb.org/Articles/2002/HowManyPeopleHaveEverLivedonEarth.aspx |access-date=April 29, 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130424014209/http://www.prb.org/Articles/2002/HowManyPeopleHaveEverLivedonEarth.aspx |archive-date=April 24, 2013 }} (due to the high infant mortality in pre-modern times, close to half of this number would not have lived past infancy).
• Mathematics – Nine-Colour Cube: 268,240,896,000 is the number of combinations for the Nine-Colour Cube.[http://www.jaapsch.net/puzzles/cubevari.htm Rubik's Cube Variants] - Jaap's Puzzle Page
• Medicine: The United States Food and Drug Administration requires a minimum of 3 x 10¹¹ (300 billion) platelets per apheresis unit.{{Cite web |title=Platelets dosing, indications, interactions, adverse effects, and more. |url=https://reference.medscape.com/drug/platelets-999506 |access-date=2022-10-31 |website=reference.medscape.com}}
• Mathematics: 608,981,813,029 is the smallest number for which there are more primes of the form 3k + 1 than of the form 3k + 2 up to the number.{{Cite web |last= |first= |title=Prime Number Races |url=https://dms.umontreal.ca/~andrew/PDF/PrimeRace.pdf |access-date=2024-01-04 |website=granville.dvi}}

File:Andromeda Galaxy (with h-alpha).jpg]]

({{gaps|1|000|000|000|000}}; 1000⁴; short scale: one trillion; long scale: one billion)

ISO: tera- (T)

• Astronomy: Andromeda Galaxy, which is part of the same Local Group as our galaxy, contains about 10¹² stars.
• Biology – Bacteria on the human body: The surface of the human body houses roughly 10¹² bacteria.{{cite web|url=https://science.nasa.gov/newhome/headlines/ast01sep98_1.htm|title=Earth microbes on the moon|date=1 September 1998|access-date=2 November 2010|publisher=Science@Nasa|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100323224432/http://science.nasa.gov/newhome/headlines/ast01sep98_1.htm|archive-date=23 March 2010}}
• Astronomy – Galaxies: A 2016 estimate says there are 2 × 10¹² galaxies in the observable universe.{{cite web|last1=Hollis|first1=Morgan|title=A universe of two trillion galaxies|url=https://www.ras.org.uk/news-and-press/2910-a-universe-of-two-trillion-galaxies|publisher=The Royal Astronomical Society|date=13 October 2016|access-date=9 November 2017}}
• Biology: An estimate says there were 3.04 × 10¹² trees on Earth in 2015.{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-34134366|title=Earth's trees number 'three trillion'|author=Jonathan Amos|date=3 September 2015|publisher=BBC|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170606141754/http://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-34134366|archive-date=6 June 2017}}
• Mathematics: 6,963,472,309,248 is the fourth taxicab number.
• Mathematics: 7,625,597,484,987 – a number that often appears when dealing with powers of 3. It can be expressed as $19683^3$, $27^9$, $3^\{27\}$, $3^\{3^3\}$ and ³3 or when using Knuth's up-arrow notation it can be expressed as $$

3 \uparrow\uparrow 3

and $$

3 \uparrow\uparrow\uparrow 2

.

• Astronomy: A light-year, as defined by the International Astronomical Union (IAU), is the distance that light travels in a vacuum in one year, which is equivalent to about 9.46 trillion kilometers ({{val|9.46|e=12|ul=km}}).
• Mathematics: 10¹³ – The approximate number of known non-trivial zeros of the Riemann zeta function {{As of|2004|lc=on}}.{{cite web |url=http://numbers.computation.free.fr/Constants/Miscellaneous/zetazeroscompute.html |title=Computation of zeros of the Zeta function |author=Xavier Gourdon |date=October 2004 |access-date=2 November 2010 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110115183844/http://numbers.computation.free.fr/Constants/Miscellaneous/zetazeroscompute.html |archive-date=15 January 2011 }}
• Biology – Blood cells in the human body: The average human body is estimated to have (2.5 ± .5) × 10¹³ red blood cells.{{Cite journal |last1=Hatton |first1=Ian A. |last2=Galbraith |first2=Eric D. |last3=Merleau |first3=Nono S. C. |last4=Miettinen |first4=Teemu P. |last5=Smith |first5=Benjamin McDonald |last6=Shander |first6=Jeffery A. |date=2023-09-26 |title=The human cell count and size distribution |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences |language=en |volume=120 |issue=39 |pages=e2303077120 |doi=10.1073/pnas.2303077120 |doi-access=free |issn=0027-8424 |pmc=10523466 |pmid=37722043|bibcode=2023PNAS..12003077H }}{{Cite journal |last1=Sender |first1=Ron |last2=Fuchs |first2=Shai |last3=Milo |first3=Ron |date=2016-08-19 |title=Revised Estimates for the Number of Human and Bacteria Cells in the Body |journal=PLOS Biology |language=en |volume=14 |issue=8 |pages=e1002533 |doi=10.1371/journal.pbio.1002533 |doi-access=free |issn=1545-7885 |pmc=4991899 |pmid=27541692}}
• Mathematics – Known digits of π: {{As of|2019|03}}, the number of known digits of π is 31,415,926,535,897 (the integer part of π{{e|13}}).{{Cite web |url=https://cloud.google.com/blog/products/compute/calculating-31-4-trillion-digits-of-archimedes-constant-on-google-cloud |title=Pi in the sky: Calculating a record-breaking 31.4 trillion digits of Archimedes' constant on Google Cloud |last=Haruka Iwao |first=Emma |author-link=Emma Haruka Iwao |date=14 March 2019 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191019023120/https://cloud.google.com/blog/products/compute/calculating-31-4-trillion-digits-of-archimedes-constant-on-google-cloud |archive-date=19 October 2019 |access-date=12 April 2019}}
• Mathematics – Digits of E_(mathematical_constant): {{As of|2023|12}}, the number {{mvar|e}} has been calculated to 35,000,000,000,000 digits.{{cite web

| title= y-cruncher - A Multi-Threaded Pi Program

| editor= Alexander Yee

| work= Numberworld

| date= 2 April 2025

| url=http://www.numberworld.org/y-cruncher/#Records

}}

• Biology – approximately 10¹⁴ synapses in the human brain.Koch, Christof. Biophysics of computation: information processing in single neurons. Oxford university press, 2004.
• Biology – Cells in the human body: The human body consists of roughly 10¹⁴ cells, of which only 10¹³ are human.{{Cite journal

| last = Savage | first = D. C.

| year = 1977

| title = Microbial Ecology of the Gastrointestinal Tract

| journal = Annual Review of Microbiology

| volume = 31

| doi = 10.1146/annurev.mi.31.100177.000543

| pmid = 334036

| pages = 107–33

}}{{Cite journal

| last = Berg | first = R.

| year = 1996

| title = The indigenous gastrointestinal microflora

| journal = Trends in Microbiology

| volume = 4

| doi = 10.1016/0966-842X(96)10057-3

| pmid=8950812

| issue = 11

| pages = 430–5

}} The remaining 90% non-human cells (though much smaller and constituting much less mass) are bacteria, which mostly reside in the gastrointestinal tract, although the skin is also covered in bacteria.

• Mathematics: The first case of exactly 18 prime numbers between multiples of 100 is 122,853,771,370,900 + n,{{Cite OEIS|1=A186311|2=Least century 100k to 100k+99 with exactly n primes|access-date=2023-06-16}} for n = 1, 3, 7, 19, 21, 27, 31, 33, 37, 49, 51, 61, 69, 73, 87, 91, 97, 99.
• Cryptography: 150,738,274,937,250 configurations of the plug-board of the Enigma machine used by the Germans in WW2 to encode and decode messages by cipher.
• Computing – MAC-48: 281,474,976,710,656 (2⁴⁸) possible unique physical addresses.
• Mathematics: 953,467,954,114,363 is the fourth and largest known Motzkin prime.

File:Ants eating01.jpgs on Earth]]

({{gaps|1|000|000|000|000|000}}; 1000⁵; short scale: one quadrillion; long scale: one thousand billion, or one billiard)

ISO: peta- (P)

• Biology – Insects: 1,000,000,000,000,000 to 10,000,000,000,000,000 (10¹⁵ to 10¹⁶) – The estimated total number of ants on Earth alive at any one time (their biomass is approximately equal to the total biomass of the human species).Bert Holldobler and E.O. Wilson The Superorganism: The Beauty, Elegance, and Strangeness of Insect Societies New York:2009 W.W. Norton Page 5
• Computing: 9,007,199,254,740,992 (2⁵³) – number until which all integer values can exactly be represented in IEEE double precision floating-point format.
• Mathematics: 48,988,659,276,962,496 is the fifth taxicab number.
• Science Fiction: In Isaac Asimov's Galactic Empire, in what we call 22,500 CE, there are 25,000,000 different inhabited planets in the Galactic Empire, all inhabited by humans in Asimov's "human galaxy" scenario, each with an average population of 2,000,000,000, thus yielding a total Galactic Empire population of approximately 50,000,000,000,000,000.
• Cryptography: There are 2⁵⁶ = 72,057,594,037,927,936 different possible keys in the obsolete 56-bit DES symmetric cipher.
• Science Fiction: There are approximately 100,000,000,000,000,000 (10¹⁷) sentient beings in the Star Wars galaxy.
• Mathematics – Ramanujan's constant: {{math|e{{sup|π{{sqrt|163}}}}}} = {{val|262537412640768743.99999999999925007259}}... {{OEIS|A060295}}. This number is very close to the integer {{math|640320{{sup|3}} + 744}}. See 10⁻¹⁵.
• Physical culture: Highest amount of bytes lifted by a human is 318,206,335,271,488,635 by Hafþór Júlíus Björnsson.{{Cite press release|url=https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20241120839867/en/VDURA-and-Phison-Demonstrate-Show-of-Strength-at-SC24 |title=VDURA and Phison Demonstrate Show of Strength at SC24 - Strongman Hafþór Júlíus Björnsson Lifts Over 282.624 PB of Data |website=www.businesswire.com|access-date=20 November 2024}}

File:Scrumbled Rubik's Cube.jpg positions]]

({{gaps|1|000|000|000|000|000|000}}; 1000⁶; short scale: one quintillion; long scale: one trillion)

ISO: exa- (E)

• Mathematics: The first case of exactly 19 prime numbers between multiples of 100 is 1,468,867,005,116,420,800 + n, for n = 1, 3, 7, 9, 21, 31, 37, 39, 43, 49, 51, 63, 67, 69, 73, 79, 81, 87, 93.
• Mathematics: 2⁶¹ − 1 = 2,305,843,009,213,693,951 (≈2.31{{e|18}}) is the ninth Mersenne prime. It was determined to be prime in 1883 by Ivan Mikheevich Pervushin. This number is sometimes called Pervushin's number.
• Mathematics: Goldbach's conjecture has been verified for all n ≤ 4{{e|18}} by a project which computed all prime numbers up to that limit.{{cite web |last1=Silva |first1=Tomás Oliveira e |title=Goldbach conjecture verification |url=http://www.ieeta.pt/~tos/goldbach.html |access-date=11 April 2021}}
• Computing – Manufacturing: An estimated 6{{e|18}} transistors were produced worldwide in 2008.{{cite web|url=http://www.sia-online.org/cs/papers_publications/press_release_detail?pressrelease.id=96|title=60th Birthday of Microelectronics Industry|date=13 December 2007|publisher=Semiconductor Industry Association|access-date=2 November 2010|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081013035645/http://www.sia-online.org/cs/papers_publications/press_release_detail?pressrelease.id=96|archive-date=13 October 2008}}
• Computing – Computational limit of a 64-bit CPU: 9,223,372,036,854,775,807 (about 9.22{{e|18}}) is equal to 2⁶³−1, and as such is the largest number which can fit into a signed (two's complement) 64-bit integer on a computer.
• Mathematics – NCAA basketball tournament: There are 9,223,372,036,854,775,808 (2⁶³) possible ways to enter the bracket.
• Mathematics – Bases: 9,439,829,801,208,141,318 (≈9.44{{e|18}}) is the 10th and (by conjecture) largest number with more than one digit that can be written from base 2 to base 18 using only the digits 0 to 9, meaning the digits for 10 to 17 are not needed in bases greater than 10.Sequence [http://oeis.org/A131646 A131646] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110901015656/http://oeis.org/A131646 |date=2011-09-01 }} in The On-Line Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences
• Biology – Insects: It has been estimated that the insect population of the Earth is about 10¹⁹."[https://www.si.edu/Encyclopedia_SI/nmnh/buginfo/bugnos.htm Smithsonian Encyclopedia: Number of Insects] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161228155225/http://www.si.edu/Encyclopedia_SI/nmnh/buginfo/bugnos.htm |date=2016-12-28 }}". Prepared by the Department of Systematic Biology, Entomology Section, National Museum of Natural History, in cooperation with Public Inquiry Services, Smithsonian Institution. Accessed 27 December 2016. Facts about numbers of insects. Puts the number of individual insects on Earth at about 10 quintillion (10¹⁹).
• Mathematics – Answer to the wheat and chessboard problem: When doubling the grains of wheat on each successive square of a chessboard, beginning with one grain of wheat on the first square, the final number of grains of wheat on all 64 squares of the chessboard when added up is 2⁶⁴−1 = 18,446,744,073,709,551,615 (≈1.84{{e|19}}).
• Mathematics – Legends: The Tower of Brahma legend tells about a Hindu temple containing a large room with three posts, on one of which are 64 golden discs, and the object of the mathematical game is for the Brahmins in this temple to move all of the discs to another pole so that they are in the same order, never placing a larger disc above a smaller disc, moving only one at a time. Using the simplest algorithm for moving the disks, it would take 2⁶⁴−1 = 18,446,744,073,709,551,615 (≈1.84{{e|19}}) turns to complete the task (the same number as the wheat and chessboard problem above).Ivan Moscovich, 1000 playthinks: puzzles, paradoxes, illusions & games, Workman Pub., 2001 {{isbn|0-7611-1826-8}}.
• Computing – IPv6: 18,446,744,073,709,551,616 (2⁶⁴; ≈1.84{{e|19}}) possible unique /64 subnetworks.
• Mathematics – Rubik's Cube: There are 43,252,003,274,489,856,000 (≈4.33{{e|19}}) different positions of a 3×3×3 Rubik's Cube.
• Password strength: Usage of the 95-character set found on standard computer keyboards for a 10-character password yields a computationally intractable 59,873,693,923,837,890,625 (95¹⁰, approximately 5.99{{e|19}}) permutations.
• Internet – YouTube: There are 73,786,976,294,838,206,464 (2⁶⁶; ≈7.38{{e|19}}) possible YouTube video URLs.{{cite web |author= |title=Will YouTube Ever Run Out Of Video IDs? |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gocwRvLhDf8 |publisher=Tom Scott}}
• Economics: Hyperinflation in Zimbabwe estimated in February 2009 by some economists at 10 sextillion percent,{{cite news | title=Scores of Zimbabwe farms 'seized' | url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/7906031.stm | work=BBC | date=23 February 2009 | access-date=14 March 2009 | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090301021018/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/7906031.stm | archive-date=1 March 2009 }} or a factor of 10²⁰.
• Mathematics: 2⁶⁸ = 295,147,905,179,352,825,856 is the first power of two to contain all decimal digits.{{OEIS|A137214}}

File:Sudoku Puzzle by L2G-20050714 solution standardized layout.svg grids]]

({{gaps|1|000|000|000|000|000|000|000}}; 1000⁷; short scale: one sextillion; long scale: one thousand trillion, or one trilliard)

ISO: zetta- (Z)

• Geo – Grains of sand: All the world's beaches combined have been estimated to hold roughly 10²¹ grains of sand.{{cite web|url=http://astronomy.swin.edu.au/~gmackie/billions.html|title=To see the Universe in a Grain of Taranaki Sand|url-status=live|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120630/http://astronomy.swin.edu.au/~gmackie/billions.html|archive-date=2012-06-30}}
• Computing – Manufacturing: Intel predicted that there would be 1.2{{e|21}} transistors in the world by 2015{{cite web|url=http://www.techradar.com/news/computing-components/processors/intel-predicts-1-200-quintillion-transistors-in-the-world-by-2015-1025851|title=Intel predicts 1,200 quintillion transistors in the world by 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130405010314/http://www.techradar.com/news/computing-components/processors/intel-predicts-1-200-quintillion-transistors-in-the-world-by-2015-1025851|archive-date=2013-04-05}} and Forbes estimated that 2.9{{e|21}} transistors had been shipped up to 2014.{{cite web|title=How Many Transistors Have Ever Shipped? – Forbes|website=Forbes|url=http://forbes.com/sites/jimhandy/2014/05/26/how-many-transistors-have-ever-shipped|access-date=1 September 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150630142558/http://www.forbes.com/sites/jimhandy/2014/05/26/how-many-transistors-have-ever-shipped/|archive-date=30 June 2015}}
• Mathematics – Sudoku: There are 6,670,903,752,021,072,936,960 (≈6.7{{e|21}}) 9×9 sudoku grids.{{cite web|url=http://www.afjarvis.staff.shef.ac.uk/sudoku/bertram.html|title=Sudoku enumeration|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061006193945/http://www.afjarvis.staff.shef.ac.uk/sudoku/bertram.html|archive-date=2006-10-06}}
• Mathematics: The first case of exactly 20 prime numbers between multiples of 100 is 20,386,095,164,137,273,086,400 + n, for n = 1, 3, 7, 9, 13, 19, 21, 31, 33, 37, 49, 57, 63, 73, 79, 87, 91, 93, 97, 99.
• Mathematics: 5³² = 23,283,064,365,386,962,890,625 is the largest known power of five not containing a pair of consecutive equal digits.{{OEIS|A050726}}
• Mathematics: 24,153,319,581,254,312,065,344 is the sixth and largest known taxicab number.
• Astronomy – Stars: 70 sextillion = 7{{e|22}}, the estimated number of stars within range of telescopes (as of 2003).{{cite web|url=http://msowww.anu.edu.au/news/media_releases/media_release_030717.php |title=Star count: ANU astronomer makes best yet |date=17 July 2003 |publisher=The Australian National University |access-date=2 November 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050724115154/http://msowww.anu.edu.au/news/media_releases/media_release_030717.php |archive-date=July 24, 2005 }}
• Astronomy – Stars: in the range of 10²³ to 10²⁴ stars in the observable universe.{{cite news|title=Astronomers count the stars|publisher=BBC News|date=July 22, 2003|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/3085885.stm|access-date=2006-07-18|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060813153925/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/3085885.stm|archive-date=August 13, 2006}}

[https://www.npr.org/blogs/thetwo-way/2010/12/01/131730552/ "trillions-of-earths-could-be-orbiting-300-sextillion-stars"]

{{cite journal|last = van Dokkum|first =Pieter G.|author2=Charlie Conroy|title = A substantial population of low-mass stars in luminous elliptical galaxies |journal = Nature|volume = 468|issue = 7326|pages = 940–942|date = 2010|pmid = 21124316|doi = 10.1038/nature09578 |bibcode = 2010Natur.468..940V |arxiv = 1009.5992 |s2cid =205222998}}

[http://www.universetoday.com/24328/how-many-stars/ "How many stars?"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130122232925/http://www.universetoday.com/24328/how-many-stars/ |date=2013-01-22 }}; see mass of the observable universe

• Mathematics: 146,361,946,186,458,562,560,000 (≈1.5{{e|23}}) is the fifth and largest known unitary perfect number.
• Mathematics: 357,686,312,646,216,567,629,137 (≈3.6{{e|23}}) is the largest left-truncatable prime.

File:Avogadro number cube visualisation.svg of 1 mm³ cubes arranged into a cube with {{convert|84.4|km|mi|abbr=on}} sides, overlaid on maps of South East England and London (top), and Long Island and New York City (bottom)]]

• Chemistry – Physics: The Avogadro constant ({{val|6.02214076|e=23}}) is the number of constituents (e.g. atoms or molecules) in one mole of a substance, defined for convenience as expressing the order of magnitude separating the molecular from the macroscopic scale.

({{gaps|1|000|000|000|000|000|000|000|000}}; 1000⁸; short scale: one septillion; long scale: one quadrillion)

ISO: yotta- (Y)

• Mathematics: 2,833,419,889,721,787,128,217,599 (≈2.8{{e|24}}) is the fifth Woodall prime.
• Mathematics: 3,608,528,850,368,400,786,036,725 (≈3.6{{e|24}}) is the largest polydivisible number.
• Mathematics – Impossiball: There are 23,563,902,142,421,896,679,424,000 (about 2.36{{e|25}}) different positions of the Impossiball.
• Mathematics: 2⁸⁶ = 77,371,252,455,336,267,181,195,264 is the largest known power of two not containing the digit '0' in its decimal representation.{{OEIS|A007377}}
• Mathematics: 2⁸⁹ − 1 = 618,970,019,642,690,137,449,562,111 (≈6.19{{e|26}}) is the tenth Mersenne prime. See List of Mersenne primes and perfect numbers.

({{gaps|1|000|000|000|000|000|000|000|000|000}}; 1000⁹; short scale: one octillion; long scale: one thousand quadrillion, or one quadrilliard)

ISO: ronna- (R)

• Biology – Atoms in the human body: the average human body contains roughly 7{{e|27}} atoms.{{cite web|url=http://education.jlab.org/qa/mathatom_04.html|title=Questions and Answers – How many atoms are in the human body?|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20031006213134/http://education.jlab.org/qa/mathatom_04.html|archive-date=2003-10-06}}
• Mathematics – Poker: the number of unique combinations of hands and shared cards in a 10-player game of Texas hold 'em is approximately 2.117{{e|28}}.

File:E. coli Bacteria (7316101966).jpgl cells on Earth]]

({{gaps|1|000|000|000|000|000|000|000|000|000|000}}; 1000¹⁰; short scale: one nonillion; long scale: one quintillion)

ISO: quetta- (Q)

• Mathematics: Belphegor's prime, 10³⁰ + 666 × 10¹⁴ + 1, or 1,000,000,000,000,066,600,000,000,000,001.
• Biology – Bacterial cells on Earth: The number of bacterial cells on Earth is estimated at 5,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000, or 5 × 10³⁰.{{cite journal |author1=William B. Whitman |author2=David C. Coleman |author3=William J. Wiebe |year=1998 |title=Prokaryotes: The unseen majority |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America |volume=95 |issue=12 |pages=6578–6583 |doi= 10.1073/pnas.95.12.6578|pmc=33863 |pmid=9618454|bibcode=1998PNAS...95.6578W|doi-access=free }}
• Mathematics: 5,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,027 is the largest [https://archive.today/20211116100259/https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Quasi-minimal_prime quasi-minimal prime].
• Mathematics: The number of partitions of 1000 is 24,061,467,864,032,622,473,692,149,727,991.{{OEIS|A070177}}
• Mathematics: 3⁶⁸ = 278,128,389,443,693,511,257,285,776,231,761 is the largest known power of three not containing the digit '0' in its decimal representation.{{OEIS|A030700}}
• Mathematics: 2¹⁰⁸ = 324,518,553,658,426,726,783,156,020,576,256 is the largest known power of two not containing the digit '9' in its decimal representation.{{OEIS|A035064}}

({{gaps|1|000|000|000|000|000|000|000|000|000|000|000}}; 1000¹¹; short scale: one decillion; long scale: one thousand quintillion, or one quintilliard)

• Mathematics – Alexander's Star: There are 72,431,714,252,715,638,411,621,302,272,000,000 (about 7.24{{e|34}}) different positions of Alexander's Star.

({{gaps|1|000|000|000|000|000|000|000|000|000|000|000|000}}; 1000¹²; short scale: one undecillion; long scale: one sextillion)

• Biology: The total number of DNA base pairs on Earth is estimated at 5.0{{e|37}}.{{cite news | vauthors = Nuwer R |author-link=Rachel Nuwer |date=18 July 2015 |title=Counting All the DNA on Earth |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/07/21/science/counting-all-the-dna-on-earth.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220101/https://www.nytimes.com/2015/07/21/science/counting-all-the-dna-on-earth.html |archive-date=2022-01-01 |url-access=limited |work=The New York Times |location=New York |issn=0362-4331 |access-date=2025-03-28}}{{cbignore}}
• Mathematics: 2¹²⁶ = 85,070,591,730,234,615,865,843,651,857,942,052,864 is the largest known power of two not containing a pair of consecutive equal digits.{{OEIS|A050723}}
• Mathematics: 2²⁷⁻¹ − 1 = 170,141,183,460,469,231,731,687,303,715,884,105,727 (≈1.7{{e|38}}) is the largest known double Mersenne prime and the 12th Mersenne prime.
• Computing: 2¹²⁸ = 340,282,366,920,938,463,463,374,607,431,768,211,456 (≈3.40282367{{e|38}}), the theoretical maximum number of Internet addresses that can be allocated under the IPv6 addressing system, one more than the largest value that can be represented by a single-precision IEEE floating-point value, the total number of different Universally Unique Identifiers (UUIDs) that can be generated.
• Cryptography: 2¹²⁸ = 340,282,366,920,938,463,463,374,607,431,768,211,456 (≈3.40282367{{e|38}}), the total number of different possible keys in the AES 128-bit key space (symmetric cipher).

({{gaps|1|000|000|000|000|000|000|000|000|000|000|000|000|000}}; 1000¹³; short scale: one duodecillion; long scale: one thousand sextillion, or one sextilliard)

• Cosmology: The Eddington–Dirac number is roughly 10⁴⁰.
• Mathematics: 5⁵⁸ = 34,694,469,519,536,141,888,238,489,627,838,134,765,625 is the largest known power of five not containing the digit '0' in its decimal representation.{{OEIS|A008839}}
• Mathematics: 97# × 2⁵ × 3³ × 5 × 7 = 69,720,375,229,712,477,164,533,808,935,312,303,556,800 (≈6.97{{e|40}}) is the least common multiple of every integer from 1 to 100.

({{gaps|1|000|000|000|000|000|000|000|000|000|000|000|000|000|000}}; 1000¹⁴; short scale: one tredecillion; long scale: one septillion)

• Mathematics: 141 × 2¹⁴¹ + 1 = 393,050,634,124,102,232,869,567,034,555,427,371,542,904,833 (≈3.93{{e|44}}) is the second Cullen prime.
• Mathematics: There are 7,401,196,841,564,901,869,874,093,974,498,574,336,000,000,000 (≈7.4{{e|45}}) possible permutations for the Rubik's Revenge (4×4×4 Rubik's Cube).

File:ChessStartingPosition.jpg positions]]

• Chess: 4.52{{e|46}} is a proven upper bound for the number of chess positions allowed according to the rules of chess.{{cite web | title = John's Chess Playground | author = John Tromp | year = 2010 | url = http://www.cwi.nl/~tromp/chess/chess.html | url-status = dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140601124247/http://homepages.cwi.nl/~tromp/chess/chess.html | archive-date = 2014-06-01 }}
• Geo: 1.33{{e|50}} is the estimated number of atoms on Earth.
• Mathematics: 2¹⁶⁸ = 374,144,419,156,711,147,060,143,317,175,368,453,031,918,731,001,856 is the largest known power of two which is not pandigital: There is no digit '2' in its decimal representation.{{Cite OEIS |A217379 |Numbers having non-pandigital power of record size (excludes multiples of 10). |editor-first=James G. |editor-last=Merickel |access-date=2021-03-17}}
• Mathematics: 3¹⁰⁶ = 375,710,212,613,636,260,325,580,163,599,137,907,799,836,383,538,729 is the largest known power of three which is not pandigital: There is no digit '4' in its decimal representation.
• Mathematics: 808,017,424,794,512,875,886,459,904,961,710,757,005,754,368,000,000,000 (≈8.08{{e|53}}) is the order of the monster group.
• Cryptography: 2¹⁹² = 6,277,101,735,386,680,763,835,789,423,207,666,416,102,355,444,464,034,512,896 (6.27710174{{e|57}}), the total number of different possible keys in the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) 192-bit key space (symmetric cipher).
• Cosmology: 8{{e|60}} is roughly the number of Planck time intervals since the universe is theorised to have been created in the Big Bang 13.799 ± 0.021 billion years ago.{{cite journal|author=Planck Collaboration|year=2016|title=Planck 2015 results. XIII. Cosmological parameters (See Table 4 on page 31 of pfd).|url=https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/publications/planck-2015-results(491d214e-7255-415e-97b5-96d8ae621eaa).html|journal=Astronomy & Astrophysics|volume=594|page=A13|arxiv=1502.01589|bibcode=2016A&A...594A..13P|doi=10.1051/0004-6361/201525830|s2cid=119262962}}

({{gaps|1|000|000|000|000|000|000|000|000|000|000|000|000|000|000|000|000|000|000|000|000|000}}; 1000²¹; short scale: one vigintillion; long scale: one thousand decillion, or one decilliard)

• Cosmology: 1{{e|63}} is Archimedes' estimate in The Sand Reckoner of the total number of grains of sand that could fit into the entire cosmos, the diameter of which he estimated in stadia to be what we call 2 light-years.
• Mathematics: 3¹³³ = 2,865,014,852,390,475,710,679,572,105,323,242,035,759,805,416,923,029,389,510,561,523 is the largest known power of three not containing a pair of consecutive equal digits.{{OEIS|A050724}}
• Mathematics – Cards: 52! = 80,658,175,170,943,878,571,660,636,856,403,766,975,289,505,440,883,277,824,000,000,000,000 (≈8.07{{e|67}}) – the number of ways to order the cards in a 52-card deck.
• Mathematics: There are ≈1.01×10⁶⁸ possible combinations for the Megaminx.
• Mathematics: 1,808,422,353,177,349,564,546,512,035,512,530,001,279,481,259,854,248,860,454,348,989,451,026,887 (≈1.81{{e|72}}) – The largest known prime factor found by Lenstra elliptic-curve factorization (LECF) {{As of|2010|lc=on}}.Paul Zimmermann, "[http://www.loria.fr/~zimmerma/records/top50.html 50 largest factors found by ECM] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090220133814/http://www.loria.fr/~zimmerma/records/top50.html |date=2009-02-20 }}".
• Mathematics: There are 282,870,942,277,741,856,536,180,333,107,150,328,293,127,731,985,672,134,721,536,000,000,000,000,000 (≈2.83{{e|74}}) possible permutations for the Professor's Cube (5×5×5 Rubik's Cube).
• Cryptography: 2²⁵⁶ = 115,792,089,237,316,195,423,570,985,008,687,907,853,269,984,665,640,564,039,457,584,007,913,129,639,936 (≈1.15792089{{e|77}}), the total number of different possible keys in the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) 256-bit key space (symmetric cipher).
• Cosmology: Various sources estimate the total number of fundamental particles in the observable universe to be within the range of 10⁸⁰ to 10⁸⁵.Matthew Champion, [http://www.madsci.org/posts/archives/oct98/905633072.As.r.html "Re: How many atoms make up the universe?"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120511190951/http://www.madsci.org/posts/archives/oct98/905633072.As.r.html |date=2012-05-11 }}, 1998[http://map.gsfc.nasa.gov/universe/uni_matter.html WMAP- Content of the Universe] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160726014944/http://map.gsfc.nasa.gov/universe/uni_matter.html |date=2016-07-26 }}. Map.gsfc.nasa.gov (2010-04-16). Retrieved on 2011-05-01. However, these estimates are generally regarded as guesswork. (Compare the Eddington number, the estimated total number of protons in the observable universe.)
• Computing: 9.999 999{{e|96}} is equal to the largest value that can be represented in the IEEE decimal32 floating-point format.
• Computing: 69! (roughly 1.7112245{{e|98}}), is the largest factorial value that can be represented on a calculator with two digits for powers of ten without overflow.
• Mathematics: One googol, 1{{e|100}}, 1 followed by one hundred zeros, or 10,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000.

{{see also|googol}}

({{gaps|10|000|000|000|000|000|000|000|000|000|000|000|000|000|000|000|000|000|000|000|000|000|000|000|000|000|000|000|000|000|000|000|000|000}}; short scale: ten duotrigintillion; long scale: ten thousand sexdecillion, or ten sexdecillard){{Cite web|url=http://bmanolov.free.fr/numbers_names.php|title=Names of large and small numbers|publisher=Miscellaneous pages by Borislav Manolov|website=bmanolov.free.fr|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160930211121/http://bmanolov.free.fr/numbers_names.php|archive-date=2016-09-30}}

• Mathematics: There are 157 152 858 401 024 063 281 013 959 519 483 771 508 510 790 313 968 742 344 694 684 829 502 629 887 168 573 442 107 637 760 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 (≈1.57{{e|116}}) distinguishable permutations of the V-Cube 6 (6×6×6 Rubik's Cube).
• Chess: Shannon number, 10¹²⁰, a lower bound of the game-tree complexity of chess.
• Physics: 10¹²⁰, discrepancy between the observed value of the cosmological constant and a naive estimate based on Quantum Field Theory and the Planck energy.
• Physics: 8{{e|120}}, ratio of the mass-energy in the observable universe to the energy of a photon with a wavelength the size of the observable universe.
• Mathematics: 19 568 584 333 460 072 587 245 340 037 736 278 982 017 213 829 337 604 336 734 362 294 738 647 777 395 483 196 097 971 852 999 259 921 329 236 506 842 360 439 300 (≈1.96{{e|121}}) is the period of Fermat pseudoprimes.
• History – Religion: Asaṃkhyeya is a Buddhist name for the number 10¹⁴⁰. It is listed in the Avatamsaka Sutra and metaphorically means "innumerable" in the Sanskrit language of ancient India.
• Xiangqi: 10¹⁵⁰, an estimation of the game-tree complexity of xiangqi.
• Mathematics: 2⁵²¹ − 1 = 6 864 797 660 130 609 714 981 900 799 081 393 217 269 435 300 143 305 409 394 463 459 185 543 183 397 656 052 122 559 640 661 454 554 977 296 311 391 480 858 037 121 987 999 716 643 812 574 028 291 115 057 151 (≈6.86{{e|156}}) is the largest known prime which is simultaneously a Mersenne prime and Woodall prime.{{Cite web|title=Prime Curios! 68647...57151 (157-digits)|url=https://t5k.org/curios/page.php?number_id=3264|access-date=2025-04-03|website=t5k.org|language=en}}
• Mathematics: There are 19 500 551 183 731 307 835 329 126 754 019 748 794 904 992 692 043 434 567 152 132 912 323 232 706 135 469 180 065 278 712 755 853 360 682 328 551 719 137 311 299 993 600 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 (≈1.95{{e|160}}) distinguishable permutations of the V-Cube 7 (7×7×7 Rubik's Cube).

File:FloorGoban.JPG positions]]

• Go: There are 208 168 199 381 979 984 699 478 633 344 862 770 286 522 453 884 530 548 425 639 456 820 927 419 612 738 015 378 525 648 451 698 519 643 907 259 916 015 628 128 546 089 888 314 427 129 715 319 317 557 736 620 397 247 064 840 935 (≈2.08{{e|170}}) legal positions in the game of Go. See Go and mathematics.
• Economics: The annualized rate of the hyperinflation in Hungary in 1946 was estimated to be 2.9{{e|177}}%.{{cite web |last1=Hanke |first1=Steve |last2=Krus |first2=Nicholas |title=Hyperinflation Table |url=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/88/The_Hanke_Krus_Hyperinflation_Table.pdf |access-date=26 March 2021}} It was the most extreme case of hyperinflation ever recorded.
• Board games: 3.457{{e|181}}, number of ways to arrange the tiles in English Scrabble on a standard 15-by-15 Scrabble board.
• Physics: 10¹⁸⁶, approximate number of Planck volumes in the observable universe.
• Mathematics: There are 1 232 507 756 161 568 013 733 174 639 895 750 813 761 087 074 840 896 182 396 140 424 396 146 760 158 229 902 239 889 099 665 575 990 049 299 860 175 851 176 152 712 039 950 335 697 389 221 704 074 672 278 055 758 253 470 515 200 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 (≈1.23{{e|204}}) distinguishable permutations of the Tuttminx.
• Mathematics: There are 35 173 780 923 109 452 777 509 592 367 006 557 398 539 936 328 978 098 352 427 605 879 843 998 663 990 903 628 634 874 024 098 344 287 402 504 043 608 416 113 016 679 717 941 937 308 041 012 307 368 528 117 622 006 727 311 360 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 (≈3.52{{e|217}}) distinguishable permutations of the V-Cube 8 (8×8×8 Rubik's Cube).
• Shogi: 10²²⁶, an estimation of the game-tree complexity of shogi.
• Physics: 7×10²⁴⁵, approximate spacetime volume of the history of the observable universe in Planck units.{{cite web|url=http://www.richardeldridge.com/impossible.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201003195654/http://www.richardeldridge.com/impossible.html|url-status=usurped|archive-date=October 3, 2020|title=Richard Eldridge}}
• Computing: 1.797 693 134 862 315 807{{e|308}} is approximately equal to the largest value that can be represented in the IEEE double precision floating-point format.
• Computing: (10 – 10⁻¹⁵){{e|384}} is equal to the largest value that can be represented in the IEEE decimal64 floating-point format.
• Mathematics: 997# × 31# × 7 × 5² × 3⁴ × 2⁷ = 7 128 865 274 665 093 053 166 384 155 714 272 920 668 358 861 885 893 040 452 001 991 154 324 087 581 111 499 476 444 151 913 871 586 911 717 817 019 575 256 512 980 264 067 621 009 251 465 871 004 305 131 072 686 268 143 200 196 609 974 862 745 937 188 343 705 015 434 452 523 739 745 298 963 145 674 982 128 236 956 232 823 794 011 068 809 262 317 708 861 979 540 791 247 754 558 049 326 475 737 829 923 352 751 796 735 248 042 463 638 051 137 034 331 214 781 746 850 878 453 485 678 021 888 075 373 249 921 995 672 056 932 029 099 390 891 687 487 672 697 950 931 603 520 000 (≈7.13{{e|432}}) is the least common multiple of every integer from 1 to 1000.

• Mathematics: 4713 × 2⁴⁷¹³ + 1 ≈ 2.68{{e|1422}} is the third Cullen prime.
• Mathematics: There are approximately 1.869{{e|4099}} distinguishable permutations of the world's largest Rubik's Cube (33×33×33).
• Computing: 1.189 731 495 357 231 765 05{{e|4932}} is approximately equal to the largest value that can be represented in the IEEE 80-bit x86 extended precision floating-point format.
• Computing: 1.189 731 495 357 231 765 085 759 326 628 007 0{{e|4932}} is approximately equal to the largest value that can be represented in the IEEE quadruple-precision floating-point format.
• Computing: (10 – 10⁻³³){{e|6144}} is equal to the largest value that can be represented in the IEEE decimal128 floating-point format.
• Computing: 10^10,000 − 1 is equal to the largest value that can be represented in Windows Phone's calculator.
• Mathematics: F₂₀₁₁₀₇ is a 42,029-digit Fibonacci prime; the largest known certain Fibonacci prime {{as of|2023|09|lc=on}}.{{cite web |title=The Top Twenty: Fibonacci Number |url=https://primes.utm.edu/top20/page.php?id=39 |website=primes.utm.edu |access-date=25 March 2025}}
• Mathematics: L₂₀₂₆₆₇ is a 42,355-digit Lucas prime; the largest confirmed Lucas prime {{as of|2023|11|lc=on}}.{{cite web |title=The Top Twenty: Lucas Number |url=https://primes.utm.edu/top20/page.php?id=48 |website=primes.utm.edu |access-date=2 April 2025}}
• Mathematics: 104,824⁵ + 5^104,824 is the largest proven Leyland prime; with 73,269 digits {{As of|2023|4|lc=on}}.Chris Caldwell, [http://primes.utm.edu/top20/page.php?id=27 The Top Twenty: Elliptic Curve Primality Proof] at The Prime Pages.
• Mathematics: approximately 7.76 × 10^206,544 cattle in the smallest herd which satisfies the conditions of Archimedes's cattle problem.
• Mathematics: 2,618,163,402,417 × 2^1,290,000 − 1 is a 388,342-digit Sophie Germain prime; the largest known {{As of|2023|4|lc=on}}.Chris Caldwell, [http://primes.utm.edu/top20/page.php?id=2 The Top Twenty: Sophie Germain (p)] at The Prime Pages.
• Mathematics: 2,996,863,034,895  ×  2^1,290,000 ± 1 are 388,342-digit twin primes; the largest known {{As of|2023|04|lc=on}}.Chris Caldwell, [https://primes.utm.edu/top20/page.php?id=1 The Top Twenty: Twin] at The Prime Pages.

{{see also|googolplex}}

• Mathematics: L_5466311 is a 1,142,392-digit Lucas probable prime; the largest known {{as of|2022|08|lc=on}}.{{cite web |title=Henri & Renaud Lifchitz's PRP Top - Search by form |url=http://www.primenumbers.net/prptop/searchform.php?form=L%28n%29&action=Search |website=www.primenumbers.net |access-date=2 April 2025}}
• Mathematics: 3,267,113# – 1 is a 1,418,398-digit primorial prime; the largest known {{As of|2023|04|lc=on}}.Chris Caldwell, [http://primes.utm.edu/top20/page.php?id=5 The Top Twenty: Primorial] at The Prime Pages.
• Mathematics – Literature: Jorge Luis Borges' Library of Babel contains at least 25^1,312,000 ≈ 1.956 × 10^1,834,097 books (this is a lower bound).From the third paragraph of the story: "Each book contains 410 pages; each page, 40 lines; each line, about 80 black letters." That makes 410 x 40 x 80 = 1,312,000 characters. The fifth paragraph tells us that "there are 25 orthographic symbols" including spaces and punctuation. The magnitude of the resulting number is found by taking logarithms. However, this calculation only gives a lower bound on the number of books as it does not take into account variations in the titles – the narrator does not specify a limit on the number of characters on the spine. For further discussion of this, see Bloch, William Goldbloom. The Unimaginable Mathematics of Borges' Library of Babel. Oxford University Press: Oxford, 2008.
• Mathematics: 10^1,888,529 − 10^944,264 – 1 is a 1,888,529-digit palindromic prime, the largest known {{As of|2023|04|lc=on}}.Chris Caldwell, [http://primes.utm.edu/top20/page.php?id=53 The Top Twenty: Palindrome] at The Prime Pages.
• Mathematics: 4 × 72^1,119,849 − 1 is the smallest prime of the form 4 × 72ⁿ − 1.Gary Barnes, [http://www.noprimeleftbehind.net/crus/Riesel-conjectures.htm Riesel conjectures and proofs] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210412022834/http://www.noprimeleftbehind.net/crus/Riesel-conjectures.htm|date=2021-04-12}}
• Mathematics: 2^6,972,593 − 1 is a 2,098,960-digit Mersenne prime; the 38th Mersenne prime and the last Mersenne prime discovered in the 20th century.
• Mathematics: F_10367321 is a 2,166,642-digit probable Fibonacci prime; the largest known {{as of|2024|07|lc=on}}.[http://www.primenumbers.net/prptop/searchform.php?form=F%28n%29&action=Search PRP Top Records, Search for : F(n)]. Retrieved 2025-03-25.
• Mathematics: 422,429! + 1 is a 2,193,027-digit factorial prime; the largest known {{As of|2023|04|lc=on}}.Chris Caldwell, [http://primes.utm.edu/top20/page.php?id=30 The Top Twenty: Factorial primes] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130410122813/http://primes.utm.edu/top20/page.php?id=30 |date=2013-04-10 }} at The Prime Pages.
• Mathematics: (2^15,135,397 + 1)/3 is a 4,556,209-digit Wagstaff probable prime, the largest known {{as of|2021|06|lc=on}}.
• Mathematics: 81 × 2^20,498,148 + 1 is a 6,170,560-digit Pierpont prime, the largest known {{as of|2023|lc=on}}.{{citation|url=http://primes.utm.edu/primes/lists/short.txt|title=The largest known primes|first=Chris|last=Caldwell|website=The Prime Pages|access-date=7 April 2025}}; {{citation|url=https://primes.utm.edu/primes/page.php?id=136165|title=The Prime Database: 81*2^20498148+1|website=The Prime Pages|access-date=7 April 2025}}
• Mathematics: 1,963,736^1,048,576 + 1 is a 6,598,776-digit Generalized Fermat prime, the largest known {{As of|2023|04|lc=on}}.Chris Caldwell, [http://primes.utm.edu/top20/page.php?id=12 The Top Twenty: Generalized Fermat] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210328165031/http://primes.utm.edu/top20/page.php?id=12|date=2021-03-28}} at The Prime Pages.
• Mathematics: (10^8,177,207 − 1)/9 is a 8,177,207-digit probable prime, the largest known {{as of|2021|5|8|lc=on}}.[http://www.primenumbers.net/prptop/prptop.php PRP records]
• Mathematics: 10,223 × 2^31,172,165 + 1 is a 9,383,761-digit Proth prime, the largest known Proth primeChris Caldwell, [http://primes.utm.edu/top20/page.php?id=66 The Top Twenty: Proth] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201124044130/https://primes.utm.edu/top20/page.php?id=66|date=2020-11-24}} at The Prime Pages. and non-Mersenne prime {{As of|2021|lc=on}}.

File:Digits in largest prime found as a function of time.svg]]

• Mathematics: 2^82,589,933 − 1 is a 24,862,048-digit Mersenne prime; the second largest known prime of any kind {{as of|2025|lc=on}}.
• Mathematics: 2^136,279,841 − 1 is a 41,024,320-digit Mersenne prime; the largest known prime of any kind {{as of|2025|lc=on}}.Chris Caldwell, [http://primes.utm.edu/top20/page.php?id=3 The Top Twenty: Largest Known Primes] at The Prime Pages.
• Mathematics: 2^82,589,932 × (2^82,589,933 − 1) is a 49,724,095-digit perfect number, the second largest known as of 2025.
• Mathematics: 2^136,279,840 × (2^136,279,841 − 1) is an 82,048,640-digit perfect number, the largest known as of 2025.Chris Caldwell, [http://primes.utm.edu/mersenne/index.html Mersenne Primes: History, Theorems and Lists] at The Prime Pages.
• Mathematics – History: 10^8×1016, largest named number in Archimedes' Sand Reckoner.
• Mathematics: SSCG(2) = 3 × 2^{(3 × 295)} − 8 ≈ 3.241704 × 10^{{{val|35775080127201286522908640065}}}. Its first and last 20 digits are 32417042291246009846...34057047399148290040. See Friedman's SSCG function.
• Mathematics: 10^googol ($10^\{10^\{100\}\}$), a googolplex. A number 1 followed by 1 googol zeros. Carl Sagan has estimated that 1 googolplex, fully written out, would not fit in the observable universe because of its size.{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0lFQOmb6mVs |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211212/0lFQOmb6mVs| archive-date=2021-12-12 |url-status=live|title=Googol and Googolplex by Carl Sagan|last=asantos|date=15 December 2007|via=YouTube}}{{cbignore}}

(One googolplex; 10^googol; short scale: googolplex; long scale: googolplex)

• Go: There are at least 10¹⁰¹⁰⁸ legal games of Go. See Game Tree Complexity.
• Mathematics – Literature: The number of different ways in which the books in Jorge Luis Borges' Library of Babel can be arranged is approximately $10^\{10^\{1,834,102\}\}$, the factorial of the number of books in the Library of Babel.
• Cosmology: In chaotic inflation theory, proposed by physicist Andrei Linde, our universe is one of many other universes with different physical constants that originated as part of our local section of the multiverse, owing to a vacuum that had not decayed to its ground state. According to Linde and Vanchurin, the total number of these universes is about $10^\{10^\{10,000,000\}\}$.Zyga, Lisa [http://www.physorg.com/news174921612.html "Physicists Calculate Number of Parallel Universes"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110606094329/http://www.physorg.com/news174921612.html |date=2011-06-06 }}, PhysOrg, 16 October 2009.
• Mathematics: $10^\{\backslash ,\backslash !10^\{10^\{34\}\}\}$, order of magnitude of an upper bound that occurred in a proof of Skewes (this was later estimated to be closer to 1.397 × 10³¹⁶).
• Cosmology: The estimated number of Planck time units for quantum fluctuations and tunnelling to generate a new Big Bang is estimated to be $10^\{10^\{10^\{56\}\}\}$.
• Mathematics: $10^\{\backslash ,\backslash !10^\{10^\{100\}\}\}$, a number in the googol family called a googolplexplex, googolplexian, or googolduplex. 1 followed by a googolplex zeros, or 10^googolplex
• Cosmology: The uppermost estimate to the size of the entire universe is approximately $10^\{10^\{10^\{122\}\}\}$ times that of the observable universe.{{Cite journal |title=Susskind's challenge to the Hartle–Hawking no-boundary proposal and possible resolutions |author=Don N. Page for Cornell University |journal= Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics |year=2007 |volume=2007 |issue=1 |page=004 |doi=10.1088/1475-7516/2007/01/004 |arxiv=hep-th/0610199 |bibcode=2007JCAP...01..004P |s2cid=17403084 }}
• Mathematics: $10^\{\backslash ,\backslash !10^\{10^\{963\}\}\}$, order of magnitude of another upper bound in a proof of Skewes.
• Mathematics: Steinhaus' mega lies between 10[4]257 and 10[4]258 (where a[n]b is hyperoperation).
• Mathematics: Moser's number, "2 in a mega-gon" in Steinhaus–Moser notation, is approximately equal to 10[10[4]257]10, the last four digits are ...1056.
• Mathematics: Graham's number, the last ten digits of which are ...2464195387. Arises as an upper bound solution to a problem in Ramsey theory. Representation in powers of 10 would be impractical (the number of 10s in the power tower $10^\{\backslash ,\backslash !10^\{10^\{...\}\}\}$ would be virtually indistinguishable from the number itself).
• Mathematics: TREE(3): appears in relation to a theorem on trees in graph theory. Representation of the number is difficult, but one weak lower bound is A^A(187196)(1), where A(n) is a version of the Ackermann function.
• Mathematics: SSCG(3): appears in relation to the Robertson–Seymour theorem. Known to be greater than TREE(3).
• Mathematics: Transcendental integers: a set of numbers defined in 2000 by Harvey Friedman, appears in proof theory.H. Friedman, [https://cpb-us-w2.wpmucdn.com/u.osu.edu/dist/1/1952/files/2014/01/EnormousInt.12pt.6_1_00-23kmig3.pdf Enormous integers in real life] (accessed 2021-02-06)
• Mathematics: Rayo's number is a large number named after Agustín Rayo which has been claimed to be the largest number to have ever been named.{{cite web|title=CH. Rayo's Number|url=http://mathfactor.uark.edu/2007/04/ch-rayos-number/|publisher=The Math Factor Podcast|accessdate=24 March 2014}} It was originally defined in a "big number duel" at MIT on 26 January 2007.{{cite web|last=Kerr|first=Josh|title=Name the biggest number contest|url=http://joshkerr.com/who-can-name-the-bigger-number-contest/|accessdate=27 March 2014|date=7 December 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160320033110/http://www.joshkerr.com/who-can-name-the-bigger-number-contest/|archive-date=20 March 2016}}

{{Portal|Mathematics}}

• Conway chained arrow notation
• Encyclopedic size comparisons on Wikipedia
• Fast-growing hierarchy
• Indian numbering system
• Infinity
• Large numbers
• List of numbers
• Mathematical constant
• Names of large numbers
• Names of small numbers
• Power of 10

{{Reflist|30em}}

• Seth Lloyd's paper [https://arxiv.org/abs/quant-ph/0110141 Computational capacity of the universe] provides a number of interesting dimensionless quantities.
• [https://www.mrob.com/pub/math/numbers.html Notable properties of specific numbers]
• {{cite web|last=Clewett|first=James|title=4,294,967,296 – The Internet is Full|url=http://www.numberphile.com/videos/internet_full.html|work=Numberphile|publisher=Brady Haran|access-date=2013-04-06|archive-date=2013-05-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130524114431/http://www.numberphile.com/videos/internet_full.html|url-status=dead}}

{{Orders of magnitude|state=expanded}}

{{Large numbers}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Orders Of Magnitude (Numbers)}}

Numbers