Oriolus

The genus Oriolus was erected in 1766 by the Swedish naturalist Carl Linnaeus in the 12th edition of his Systema Naturae.{{cite book | last=Linnaeus | first=Carl | author-link=Carl Linnaeus | year=1766 | title=Systema naturae : per regna tria natura, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis | edition=12th | volume=1, Part 1 | publisher=Laurentii Salvii | place=Holmiae (Stockholm) | language=la | page=160 | url=https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/42946356 }} The type species is, by tautonomy, Oriolus galbula Linnaeus, 1766. This is a junior synonym of Coracias oriolus Linnaeus, 1758, the Eurasian golden oriole.{{ cite book | editor1-last=Mayr | editor1-first=Ernst | editor1-link=Ernst Mayr | editor2-last=Greenway | editor2-first=James C. Jr | year=1962 | title=Check-list of Birds of the World | volume=15 | publisher=Museum of Comparative Zoology | place=Cambridge, Massachusetts | page=122 | url=https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/14485495 }} In 1760, French ornithologist Mathurin Jacques Brisson in his Ornithologie used Oriolus as a subdivision of the genus Turdus,{{ cite book | last=Brisson | first=Mathurin Jacques | author-link=Mathurin Jacques Brisson | year=1760 | title=Ornithologie, ou, Méthode contenant la division des oiseaux en ordres, sections, genres, especes & leurs variétés | volume=2 | language=fr, la | page=320 | place=Paris | publisher=Jean-Baptiste Bauche | url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/36010428 }} but the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature ruled in 1955 that "Oriolus Brisson, 1760" should be suppressed.{{ cite journal | author=I.C.Z.N. | year=1955 | title=Direction 21: Validation under the Plenary Powers of the generic names Bubo Dumeril, 1806, Coturnix Bonnaterre, 1790, Egretta Forster, 1817, and Oriolus Linnaeus, 1766 (class Aves), by the suppression of older homonyms published by Brisson in 1760 (validation of four erroneous entries on the Official List of Generic Names in Zoology made by the ruling given in Opinion 67) | journal=Opinions and Declarations Rendered by the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature | volume=1 | issue=Section C, Part C 12 | pages=161–178 | doi=10.5962/p.149581 | url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/34652694 }} Linnaeus added more than a dozen additional genera when he updated his 10th edition, but he generally based new genera on those that had been introduced by Brisson in his Ornithologie. Oriolus is now the only genus for which Linnaeus's 12th edition is cited as the original publication.{{ cite journal | last=Allen | first=J.A. | author-link=Joel Asaph Allen | year=1910 | title=Collation of Brisson's genera of birds with those of Linnaeus | journal=Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History | volume=28 | pages=317–335 | hdl=2246/678 }} The name is derived from the old French word oriol, which is echoic in origin, derived from the call of the bird,{{cite book|title=Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names|author=Jobling, James A.|publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing|year=2010|page=284 | url=https://archive.org/stream/Helm_Dictionary_of_Scientific_Bird_Names_by_James_A._Jobling#page/n284/mode/1up }} but some authors have suggested origins in classical Latin aureolus meaning "golden". Various forms of "oriole" have existed in Romance languages since the 12th and 13th centuries.{{OED|Oriole}}

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|caption=Relatedness of species within the genus: Two forms that have not been included in the sequencing and analysis are O. crassirostris, which is expected to be close to O. brachyrhynchus, and O. tenuirostris, which is expected to be close to O. diffusus{{cite journal |last1=Jønsson |first1=Knud A |last2=Bowie |first2=Rauri C. K |last3=Moyle |first3=Robert G |last4=Irestedt |first4=Martin |last5=Christidis |first5=Les |last6=Norman |first6=Janette A |last7=Fjeldså |first7=Jon | year=2010 |title=Phylogeny and biogeography of Oriolidae (Aves: Passeriformes) |journal=Ecography | volume=33 | issue=2 | pages=232–241 |doi=10.1111/j.1600-0587.2010.06167.x | doi-access=free |bibcode=2010Ecogr..33..232J }}

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The genus contains 32 species:{{cite web| editor1-last=Gill | editor1-first=Frank | editor1-link=Frank Gill (ornithologist) | editor2-last=Donsker | editor2-first=David | editor3-last=Rasmussen | editor3-first=Pamela | editor3-link=Pamela Rasmussen | date=July 2023 | title=Orioles, drongos, fantails | work=IOC World Bird List Version 13.2 | url=https://www.worldbirdnames.org/bow/orioles/ | publisher=International Ornithologists' Union | access-date=31 July 2023 }}

Formerly, some authorities also considered these species (or subspecies) as species within the genus Oriolus:

• Green figbird (as Oriolus viridis){{Cite web|url=http://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?avibaseid=196347A3EF1B1FB9|title=Sphecotheres viridis - Avibase|website=avibase.bsc-eoc.org|access-date=2017-02-20}}
• Brown-eared bulbul (squamiceps) (as Oriolus squamiceps){{Cite web|url=https://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?lang=EN&avibaseid=A20C95EA&sec=summary&ssver=1|title=Hypsipetes amaurotis squamiceps - Avibase|website=avibase.bsc-eoc.org|access-date=2017-11-08}}

The orioles are a mainly tropical group, although one species, the Eurasian golden oriole, breeds in temperate regions.

{{Reflist}}

• [http://ibc.hbw.com/ibc/phtml/familia.phtml?idFamilia=173 Orioles (Oriolidae)] - videos, photos and sounds at the Internet Bird Collection

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Category:Bird genera