Outline of Tamil Nadu

• Common name: Tamil Nadu
• Native name = தமிழ்நாடு
• Pronunciation: {{IPAc-en|t|æ|m|ɪ|l|_|n|ɑː|d|uː}} {{Respell|TAM|il|NAH|doo}}; {{indic|lang=ta|indic=தமிழ்நாடு|trans=Tamiḻnātu}}; {{pronunciation|Tamil_Nadu.ogg}}
• Originally known as : Madras State Established in 1773; Madras State was formed in 1950 and renamed as Tamil Nadu on 14 January 1969{{sfn|Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly history|2012}}
• Official name: Tamil Nadu
• Nicknames
• Adjectivals
• Tamil
• Demonyms
• Tamils
• Abbreviations and name codes
• ISO 3166-2 code: IN-TN
• Vehicle registration code: TN

• by population: 6th
• by area (2011 census): 11th
• by crime rate (2015): 7th
• by gross domestic product (GDP) (2014): 2nd
• by Human Development Index (HDI):
• by life expectancy at birth:
• by literacy rate:

File:Tamil Nadu topo deutsch mit Gebirgen.png

Geography of Tamil Nadu

• Tamil Nadu is: an Indian state
• Population of Tamil Nadu:
• Area of Tamil Nadu:
• Atlas of Tamil Nadu

• Tamil Nadu is situated within the following regions:
• Northern Hemisphere
• Eastern Hemisphere
• Eurasia
• Asia
• South Asia
• India
• South India
• Time zone: Indian Standard Time (UTC+05:30)

{{Geographic location

|Centre = Tamil Nadu

|North = Andhra Pradesh

|Northeast =

|East = Bay of Bengal

|Southeast = Palk Strait

|South = Indian Ocean

|Southwest =

|West = Kerala

|Northwest = Karnataka

}}

• Climate of Tamil Nadu
• Protected areas of Tamil Nadu (see below)
• Wildlife of Tamil Nadu
• Flora of Tamil Nadu
• Fauna of Tamil Nadu
• Birds of Tamil Nadu

• Lakes of Tamil Nadu
• Mountains of Tamil Nadu
• Western Ghats
• Eastern Ghats
• Nilgiri mountains
• Rivers of Tamil Nadu

Two of the three biosphere reserves in Tamil Nadu are among four in India and ninety five in Asia that are part of UNESCO's Programme on Man and the Biosphere (MAB).

The 3 Biosphere Reserves in Tamil Nadu listed by size are:

1. The Gulf of Mannar Biosphere Reserve
2. Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve
3. Agasthyamalai Biosphere ReserveTamil nadu Forest Dept., Retrieved 9/9/2007 [http://www.forests.tn.nic.in/WildBiodiversity/biospherereserve.html Biosphere Reserves]

{{location map+|Tamil Nadu|float=right|width=200|caption=National parks
of Tamil Nadu|places=

{{location map~|Tamil Nadu|label=Indira Gandhi|position=right|lat=10.66|long=76.97}}

{{location map~|Tamil Nadu|label=Guindy|position=left|lat=13.03|long=80.23}}

{{location map~|Tamil Nadu|label=Mudumalai|position=right|lat=11.5|long=76.5}}

{{location map~|Tamil Nadu|label=Mukurthi|position=right|lat=11.27|long=76.56}}

{{location map~|Tamil Nadu|label=Gulf of Mannar|position=left|lat=9.42|long=78.99}}

{{location map~|Tamil Nadu|label=Palani Hills|position=right|lat=10.29|long=77.52}}

}}

Tamil Nadu has 5 declared National Parks with a total area over {{convert|307.84|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}, covering only 0.24% of the state. This is the third lowest % area covered of all Indian states and Union territories.Wildlife Institute of India, National Wildlife Database (November 2006), retrieved 3/25/2007 [http://www.wii.gov.in/nwdc/nparks.htm National Parks] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080622034119/http://www.wii.gov.in/nwdc/nparks.htm |date=2008-06-22 }}

1. Indira Gandhi National Park
2. Mudumalai National Park
3. Mukurthi National Park
4. Gulf of Mannar Marine National Park
5. Guindy National ParkTamil Nadu Forest Dept., Retrieved 9/9/2007 [http://www.forests.tn.nic.in/WildBiodiversity/nationalparks.html National Parks]
6. Palani Hills National Park

Wildlife sanctuaries in India – there are 7 wildlife sanctuaries plus 13 bird sanctuaries that together cover over {{convert|2997.60|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}, 2.30% of the total state area.{{cite web

|url= http://www.wii.gov.in/nwdc/sanctuaries.htm

|author= National Wildlife Data Center

|publisher= Wildlife Institute of India

|date= June 2008

|title= State-wise break up of Wildlife Sanctuaries

|access-date= 2007-03-26}}

1. Grizzled Squirrel Wildlife Sanctuary
2. Indira Gandhi Wildlife Sanctuary
3. Kalakkad Wildlife Sanctuary
4. Mundanthurai Sanctuary
5. Kanyakumari Wildlife Sanctuary
6. Mudumalai Wildlife Sanctuary
7. Vallanadu Wildlife Sanctuary
8. Sathyamangalam Wildlife Sanctuary{{cite news

|url=http://www.hindu.com/2008/12/24/stories/2008122450370100.htm

|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121107050734/http://www.hindu.com/2008/12/24/stories/2008122450370100.htm

|archive-date=7 November 2012

|title=Sathyamangalam forests declared as sanctuary

|access-date=2009-04-14

|location=Chennai, India

|work=The Hindu

|date=24 December 2008}}

{{cite news

|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Chennai/article2489800.ece

|author=B. Aravind Kumar

|publisher=Kasturi & Sons Ltd

|date= 2011-09-27

|title=Sathyamangalam wildlife sanctuary expanded to 1.41 lakh hectares

|work=The Hindi, Chennai

|access-date=2011-09-27

}}

|-

|

{{Location map+

|Tamil Nadu

|border =

|alt = Map of Tamil Nadu with its Biosphere reserves, National parks, Wildlife sanctuaries, Bird sanctuaries and Zoos |caption=Protected areas of Tamil Nadu{{cite web |url=http://www.forests.tn.nic.in/Ecotourism/ecotourism_home.html |title=Tamil Nadu Forest Department |publisher=Forests.tn.nic.in |access-date=2013-04-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170421130822/http://www.forests.tn.nic.in/Ecotourism/ecotourism_home.html |archive-date=2017-04-21 }}

|float = left

|width = 400

|places =

{{Location map~

|Tamil Nadu|lat_deg=13|lat_min=.9|lon_deg=80|lon_min=14.0|position=right|background=orange

|label=Guindy}}

{{Location map~ |Tamil Nadu|lat_deg=12|lat_min=53.1|lon_deg=80|lon_min=5.7|position=left|background=yellow

|label=Vandalur}}

{{Location map~ |Tamil Nadu|lat_deg=12|lat_min=32.7|lon_deg=79|lon_min=51.3|position=left|background=DeepSkyBlue

|label=Vedanthangal}}

{{Location map~ |Tamil Nadu|lat_deg=11|lat_min=30|lon_deg=76|lon_min=30|position=top|background=orange

|label=Mudu-}}

{{Location map~ |Tamil Nadu|lat_deg=11|lat_min=30|lon_deg=76|lon_min=30|position=bottom|background=#00FF00

|label=malai}}

{{Location map~ |Tamil Nadu|lat_deg=11|lat_min=24|lon_deg=77|lon_min=13.57|position=bottom|background=#00FF00

|label=Sathy}}

{{Location map~ |Tamil Nadu|lat_deg=11|lat_min=16|lon_deg=76|lon_min=33.5|position=bottom|background=orange

|label=Mukurthi}}

{{Location map~ |Tamil Nadu|lat_deg=11|lat_min=30|lon_deg=76|lon_min=37.5|position=right|background=OrangeRed

|label=Nilgiri}}

{{Location map~ |Tamil Nadu|lat_deg=10|lat_min=25|lon_deg=77|lon_min=3.4|position=top|background=orange

|label=Indira}}

{{Location map~ |Tamil Nadu|lat_deg=10|lat_min=25|lon_deg=77|lon_min=3.4|position=bottom|background=#00FF00

|label=Gandhi}}

{{Location map~ |Tamil Nadu|lat_deg=09|lat_min=16|lon_deg=79|lon_min=10|position=bottom|background=orange

|label=Mannar}}

{{Location map~ |Tamil Nadu|lat_deg=09|lat_min=16|lon_deg=79|lon_min=10|position=top|background=OrangeRed

|label=Gulf}}

{{Location map~ |Tamil Nadu|lat_deg=09|lat_min=34.5|lon_deg=77|lon_min=33.5|position=left|background=#00FF00

|label=Grizzled}}

{{Location map~ |Tamil Nadu|lat_deg=08|lat_min=39|lon_deg=77|lon_min=23|position=top|background=#00FF00

|label=Kalakkad}}

{{Location map~ |Tamil Nadu|lat_deg=08|lat_min=39|lon_deg=77|lon_min=13|position=left|background=OrangeRed

|label=Agast}}

{{Location map~ |Tamil Nadu|lat_deg=08|lat_min=29|lon_deg=77|lon_min=23|position=bottom|background=#00FF00

|label=Kanya}}

{{Location map~ |Tamil Nadu|lat_deg=08|lat_min=42.3|lon_deg=77|lon_min=56.3|position=right|background=#00FF00

|label=Vallan}}

{{Location map~ |Tamil Nadu|lat_deg=10|lat_min=18.6|lon_deg=79|lon_min=51.5|position=top|background=#00FF00

|label=Point}}

{{Location map~ |Tamil Nadu|lat_deg=10|lat_min=18.6|lon_deg=79|lon_min=51.5|position=bottom|background=DeepSkyBlue

|label=Calimere}}

{{Location map~ |Tamil Nadu|lat_deg=13|lat_min=34|lon_deg=80|lon_min=12|position=bottom|background=DeepSkyBlue

|label=Pulicat}}

{{Location map~ |Tamil Nadu|lat_deg=10|lat_min=17.5|lon_deg=77|lon_min=31|position=bottom|background=#00FF00

|label=Hills}}

{{Location map~ |Tamil Nadu|lat_deg=10|lat_min=17.5|lon_deg=77|lon_min=31|position=top|background=Orange

|label=Palani}}

{{Location map~ |Tamil Nadu|lat_deg=12|lat_min=46.7|lon_deg=80|lon_min=14.3|position=bottom|background=Yellow

|label=Crocodile}}

{{Location map~ |Tamil Nadu|lat_deg=10|lat_min=11|lon_deg=78|lon_min=51|position=right|background=DeepSkyBlue

|label=Vettan}}

{{Location map~ |Tamil Nadu|lat_deg=08|lat_min=34.81|lon_deg=77|lon_min=45|position=bottom|background=DeepSkyBlue |label=Kooth}}

{{Location map~ |Tamil Nadu|lat_deg=10|lat_min=36|lon_deg=78|lon_min=32|position=left|background=DeepSkyBlue |label=Virali}}

{{Location map~ |Tamil Nadu|lat_deg=10|lat_min=27|lon_deg=79|lon_min=28|position=left|background=DeepSkyBlue

|label=Udaya}}

{{Location map~ |Tamil Nadu|lat_deg=09|lat_min=19|lon_deg=78|lon_min=28|position=bottom|background=DeepSkyBlue |label=Chitran}}

{{Location map~ |Tamil Nadu|lat_deg=09|lat_min=20|lon_deg=78|lon_min=29|position=top|background=DeepSkyBlue

|label=Kanji}}

{{Location map~ |Tamil Nadu|lat_deg=08|lat_min=7.5|lon_deg=77|lon_min=27.5|position=bottom|background=DeepSkyBlue |label=Suchin}}}}

|}

Tamil Nadu is a major participant in Project Elephant.Asian Nature Conservation Foundation, Maps & Data.[http://www.asiannature.org/gis.html Forest Divisions of South India bearing Elephants] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080315070227/http://www.asiannature.org/gis.html |date=2008-03-15 }}

1. Nilgiri Elephant Reserve
2. Coimbatore Elephant Reserve
3. Anamalai Elephant Reserve
4. Srivilliputtur Elephant Reserve
5. Rejuvenation Camp for Temple and Private Elephants of Tamil NaduTamil Nadu Forest Dept.[http://www.forests.tn.nic.in/ProjectPrograms/About_wildlife_schemes.html Rehabilitation and Rescue Centre for the Temple, Private and Rescued Elephants] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110930101837/http://www.forests.tn.nic.in/ProjectPrograms/About_wildlife_schemes.html |date=2011-09-30 }}

Tamil Nadu has 4 tiger reserves which are declared as part of Project Tiger:

1. Kalakkad Mundanthurai Tiger ReserveAshoka Trust for Research in Ecology and the Environment [http://www.atree.org/conliv_kmtr.html Community interventions in Kalakad Mundanthurai Tiger Reserve] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070315112150/http://www.atree.org/conliv_kmtr.html |date=2007-03-15 }}Johnsingh, A. J. T., Wildlife Institute of India, "The Kalakad–Mundanthurai Tiger Reserve: A global heritage of biological diversity", Current Science, VOL. 80, NO. 3, 10 February 2001.[http://tejas.serc.iisc.ernet.in/~currsci/feb102001/437.pdf Kalakad–Mundanthurai Tiger Reserve] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130511222254/http://tejas.serc.iisc.ernet.in/~currsci/feb102001/437.pdf |date=2013-05-11 }}
2. Mudumalai National Park{{cite news|url=https://www.planetark.org/enviro-news/item/51067|title=Thousands Protest Against Indian Tiger Reserve|last=Murari|first=S.|date=31 December 2008|work=Planet Ark|publisher=Reuters|access-date=2009-10-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716234126/https://www.planetark.org/enviro-news/item/51067|archive-date=16 July 2011}}
3. Annamalai-Parambikulam Tiger Reserve{{cite web|url=http://pib.nic.in/release/release.asp?relid=44799|title=Eight New Tiger Reserves|date=13 November 2008|work=Press Release|publisher=Ministry of Environment and Forests, Press Information Bureau, Govt. of India|access-date=2009-10-31}}
4. Sathyamangalam Wildlife Sanctuary

The state has 2 other significant tiger habitats:

1. Kanyakumari Wildlife Sanctuary
2. Mukurthi National Park

{{cite news|url=http://www.hindu.com/2008/12/24/stories/2008122450370100.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121107050734/http://www.hindu.com/2008/12/24/stories/2008122450370100.htm |archive-date=7 November 2012 |title=Sathyamangalam forests declared as sanctuary|access-date=2009-04-14 |location=Chennai, India |work=The Hindu |date=24 December 2008}}

There are 13 established bird sanctuaries at the southernmost continental range of the Central Asian Flyway in Tamil Nandu.Tamil Nadu Department of Environment (2006) State of the Environment, retrieved 9/9/2007, [http://www.environment.tn.nic.in/soe/soe_report.htm Report] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100924230744/http://www.environment.tn.nic.in/soe/soe_report.htm |date=2010-09-24 }}Tamil Nadu Forest Dept., [http://www.forests.tn.nic.in/WildBiodiversity/birdsanctuaries.html Bird sanctuaries]

1. Chitrangudi Bird Sanctuary[http://www.unep-wcmc.org/wdpa/sitedetails.cfm?siteid=308582&level=nat UNEP]{{Dead link|date=April 2020 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
2. Kanjirankulam Bird Sanctuary
3. Karaivetti Bird Sanctuary
4. Karikili Bird Sanctuary
5. Koothankulam Bird Sanctuary
6. Melaselvanur - Kilaselvanur Bird SanctuaryMigratory birds flock to Vettangudi Sanctuary, The Hindu, 9/11/2005, {{usurped|[https://web.archive.org/web/20050114024902/http://www.hinduonnet.com/2004/11/09/stories/2004110912380500.htm Hinduonnet.com]}}, Vettangudi
7. Point Calimere Wildlife and Bird Sanctuary
8. Pulicat Lake Bird Sanctuary
9. Vaduvoor Bird SanctuaryTamil Nadu Forest Dept., Bird Sanctuaries in Tamil Nadu [http://www.forests.tn.nic.in/WildBiodiversity/bs_vadubs.html Vaduvoor] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131021065448/http://www.forests.tn.nic.in/WildBiodiversity/bs_vadubs.html |date=2013-10-21 }}
10. Vedanthangal Bird Sanctuary
11. Vellode Birds Sanctuary
12. Vettangudi Bird Sanctuary
13. Viralimalai Peacock SanctuaryTamildnadu Tourism Development Corporation and Department of Tourism, retrieved 5/21/2007 [http://www.tamilnadutourism.org/wildlife/SanctuariesParks/VWFTiruchirapalli.aspx?catid=C5&subcat1id=C5S1&subcat2id=C5S1S9&sm=C5S1S9 Viralimalai Sanctuaries] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080315010631/http://www.tamilnadutourism.org/wildlife/SanctuariesParks/VWFTiruchirapalli.aspx?catid=C5&subcat1id=C5S1&subcat2id=C5S1S9&sm=C5S1S9 |date=2008-03-15 }}Rural Development and Panchayat Raj (PR.2) Department, G.O. (Ms) No.19, Dated: 23.1.2008 [http://www.tnrd.gov.in/Pt_Raj/linkfiles/19-23.1.2008.re.pdf TNRD.gov.in], Declaring Viralimalai as a heritage place
14. Kallaperambur lake The Hindu, [http://www.hindu.com Hindu.com], 15 December 2005 {{full citation needed|date=August 2020}}
15. Suchindram Theroor Birds Sanctuary

Ecoregions in Tamil Nadu

Administrative divisions of Tamil Nadu

• Districts of Tamil Nadu
• Municipalities of Tamil Nadu

• Districts of Tamil Nadu

Municipalities of Tamil Nadu

• Capital of Tamil Nadu: Capital of Tamil Nadu
• Cities of Tamil Nadu

Demographics of Tamil Nadu

File:Fort St. George, Chennai 2.jpg

Politics of Tamil Nadu

• Form of government: Indian state government (parliamentary system of representative democracy)
• Capital of Tamil Nadu: chennai
• Elections in Tamil Nadu
• (specific elections)

• Rajya Sabha members from Tamil Nadu
• Tamil Nadu Pradesh Congress Committee
• Indian general election, 2009 (Tamil Nadu)
• Indian general election, 2014 (Tamil Nadu)

Government of Tamil Nadu

• Head of state: Governor of Tamil Nadu
• Head of government: Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu
• Council of Ministers of Tamil Nadu

Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly

• Constituencies of Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly

• Madras High Court
• Chief Justice of Madras High Court

• Law enforcement in Tamil Nadu
• Tamil Nadu Police

History of Tamil Nadu

{{Multiple image

| align = right

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| header =

| header_align = left/right/center

| header_background =

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| width = 200

| image1 =Kolam outside a house in tamil nadu.jpg|thumb

| width1 =

| alt1 = Kolam – a Traditional art form of the Tamil people

| caption1 = Kolam – a Traditional art form of the Tamil

| image2 = Pongal Celebration in home.JPG|thumb

| width2 =

| alt2 = Overflowing during cooking of Pongal indicates overflowing of joy

| caption2 = Overflowing during cooking of Pongal indicates overflowing of joy

| image3 = Thiuruvannamalai car festival.jpg|thumb

| width3 =

| alt3 = Tiruvannamalai Annamalaiyar chariot festival

| caption3 = Tiruvannamalai Annamalaiyar chariot festival

| image4 = Tamil Sappadu.jpg|thumb

| width4 =

| alt4 = Traditional Tamil lunch served in banana leaf

| caption4 = Traditional Tamil lunch served in banana leaf

}}

Culture of Tamil Nadu

• Architecture of Tamil Nadu
• Temples of Tamil Nadu
• Cuisine of Tamil Nadu
• Languages of Tamil Nadu
• Monuments in Tamil Nadu
• Monuments of National Importance in Tamil Nadu
• State Protected Monuments in Tamil Nadu
• World Heritage Sites in Tamil Nadu

• Cinema of Tamil Nadu
• Karakattam
• Nadaswaram
• Melam
• Mayilattam
• ōyilāttam
• Bharatanatyam
• Devadasis
• Terukkuttu
• Kattaikkuttu

Tamil literature

• Tirukkural
• Tamil Sangams
• Tiruvalluvar
• Paripaatal
• Subramanya Bharathy
• Bharathidasan
• Jallikattu

Music of Tamil Nadu

• Thevaram
• Carnatic music
• Villuppattu
• Naattupurapaattu
• Ballads
• Tyagaraja
• Muthuswami Dikshitar
• Syama Sastri
• Thiruvaiyaru
• Tamil Trinity
• Muthu Thandavar
• Arunachala Kavi
• Marimutthu Pillai
• Madras Music Season

• Pongal
• Tamil New Year
• Dasara
• Vinayaka Chathurthi
• Eid ul-Fitr
• Easter

People of Tamil Nadu

• People from Tamil Nadu

Religion in Tamil Nadu

• Christianity in Tamil Nadu
• Hinduism in Tamil Nadu
• Temples of Tamil Nadu

Sports in Tamil Nadu

• Cricket in Tamil Nadu
• Tamil Nadu Cricket Association
• Tamil Nadu cricket team
• Football in Tamil Nadu
• Tamil Nadu football team

Symbols of Tamil Nadu

• Animal: Nilgiri Tahr
• Bird: Emerald Dove
• Dance: Bharatanatyam
• Fish:
• Flower: Gloriosa Lily
• Motto: ({{langx|ta|வாய்மையே வெல்லும்|translit=Vaimaiye Vellum}})
• Seal of Tamil Nadu
• Song: "Invocation to Tamil Mother"
• Sport: Sadugudu
• Tree: Palm Tree

Economy of Tamil Nadu

• Tourism in Tamil Nadu
• Transport in Tamil Nadu
• Airports in Tamil Nadu

Education in Tamil Nadu

• Institutions of higher education in Tamil Nadu
• Schools of Equality

Health in Tamil Nadu

• Outline of India

{{reflist}}

{{Sister project links|voy=Tamil Nadu|Tamil Nadu}}

{{wikiatlas|Tamil Nadu}}

• [http://www.tn.gov.in/ Tamil Nadu Government Website]

{{Outline footer}}

Tamil Nadu

Tamil Nadu

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