PIK3R1

Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase phosphorylates the inositol ring of phosphatidylinositol at the 3-prime position. The enzyme comprises a 110 kD catalytic subunit and a regulatory subunit of either 85, 55, or 50 kD. The Pik3r1 gene locus encodes the 85 kD regulatory subunit, as well as 55 and 50 kD regulatory subunits. It used to be thought that alternative splicing of this gene resulted in three transcript variants encoding different isoforms.{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: PIK3R1 phosphoinositide-3-kinase, regulatory subunit 1 (p85 alpha)| url = https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=5295}} In fact, it has since been shown that the 55 and 50kD subunits have their own promotors within the gene locus Pik3r1.{{cite journal | vauthors = Gurney SM, Forster P, Just U, Schwanbeck R | title = Suppression of the PI3K Subunit p85alpha Delays Embryoid Body Development and Inhibits Cell Adhesion | journal = J. Cell. Biochem. | volume = 112 | issue = 12| pages = 3573–81 | year = 2011 | pmid = 11313349 | doi = 10.1002/jcb.23285 | s2cid = 206020214 | doi-access = }}

Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase plays an important role in the metabolic actions of insulin, and a mutation in this gene has been associated with insulin resistance.{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: PIK3R1 phosphoinositide-3-kinase, regulatory subunit 1 (p85 alpha)| url = https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=5295}} Suppression specifically of the 85kD subunit in early murine embryoid body development results in a transient cell-cell adhesion deficiency, mediated by transient downregulation of the adhesion molecule integrin-beta1 (ITGB1).

Mutations in PIK3R1 are implicated in cases of breast cancer.{{cite journal |author=The Cancer Genome Atlas Network | title = Comprehensive molecular portraits of human breast tumours | journal = Nature | volume = 490 | issue = 7418 | pages = 61–70 | date = October 2012 | pmid = 23000897 | pmc = 3465532 | doi = 10.1038/nature11412 | bibcode = 2012Natur.490...61T }}

Mutations in PIK3R1 are associated to SHORT syndrome.{{cite journal | vauthors = Bárcena C, Quesada V, De Sandre-Giovannoli A, Puente DA, Fernández-Toral J, Sigaudy S, Baban A, Lévy N, Velasco G, López-Otín C | title = Exome sequencing identifies a novel mutation in PIK3R1 as the cause of SHORT syndrome | journal = BMC Med. Genet. | volume = 15 | issue = 1 | year = 2014 | pages = 3573–3581 | pmid = 21780162 | pmc =4022398 | doi = 10.1186/1471-2350-15-51 | doi-access = free }}

PIK3R1 has been shown to interact with:

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• ADAM12,{{cite journal | vauthors = Kang Q, Cao Y, Zolkiewska A | title = Direct interaction between the cytoplasmic tail of ADAM 12 and the Src homology 3 domain of p85alpha activates phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase in C2C12 cells | journal = J. Biol. Chem. | volume = 276 | issue = 27 | pages = 24466–72 | year = 2001 | pmid = 11313349 | doi = 10.1074/jbc.M101162200 | doi-access = free }}
• BCAR1,{{cite journal | vauthors = Li E, Stupack DG, Brown SL, Klemke R, Schlaepfer DD, Nemerow GR | title = Association of p130CAS with phosphatidylinositol-3-OH kinase mediates adenovirus cell entry | journal = J. Biol. Chem. | volume = 275 | issue = 19 | pages = 14729–35 | year = 2000 | pmid = 10799562 | doi = 10.1074/jbc.275.19.14729 | doi-access = free }}
• CBLB,{{cite journal | vauthors = Lavagna-Sévenier C, Marchetto S, Birnbaum D, Rosnet O | title = The CBL-related protein CBLB participates in FLT3 and interleukin-7 receptor signal transduction in pro-B cells | journal = J. Biol. Chem. | volume = 273 | issue = 24 | pages = 14962–7 | year = 1998 | pmid = 9614102 | doi = 10.1074/jbc.273.24.14962 | doi-access = free }}{{cite journal | vauthors = Elly C, Witte S, Zhang Z, Rosnet O, Lipkowitz S, Altman A, Liu YC | title = Tyrosine phosphorylation and complex formation of Cbl-b upon T cell receptor stimulation | journal = Oncogene | volume = 18 | issue = 5 | pages = 1147–56 | year = 1999 | pmid = 10022120 | doi = 10.1038/sj.onc.1202411 | doi-access = free }}
• CD117,{{cite journal | vauthors = De Sepulveda P, Okkenhaug K, Rose JL, Hawley RG, Dubreuil P, Rottapel R | title = Socs1 binds to multiple signalling proteins and suppresses steel factor-dependent proliferation | journal = EMBO J. | volume = 18 | issue = 4 | pages = 904–15 | year = 1999 | pmid = 10022833 | pmc = 1171183 | doi = 10.1093/emboj/18.4.904 }}{{cite journal | vauthors = van Dijk TB, van Den Akker E, Amelsvoort MP, Mano H, Löwenberg B, von Lindern M | title = Stem cell factor induces phosphatidylinositol 3'-kinase-dependent Lyn/Tec/Dok-1 complex formation in hematopoietic cells | journal = Blood | volume = 96 | issue = 10 | pages = 3406–13 | year = 2000 | pmid = 11071635 | doi = 10.1182/blood.V96.10.3406| url = https://pure.eur.nl/en/publications/395fb5fc-60e3-45d7-a9b1-fc7b9cc6b4bc | hdl = 1765/9530 | hdl-access = free }}{{cite journal | vauthors = Serve H, Hsu YC, Besmer P | title = Tyrosine residue 719 of the c-kit receptor is essential for binding of the P85 subunit of phosphatidylinositol (PI) 3-kinase and for c-kit-associated PI 3-kinase activity in COS-1 cells | journal = J. Biol. Chem. | volume = 269 | issue = 8 | pages = 6026–30 | year = 1994 | doi = 10.1016/S0021-9258(17)37564-6 | pmid = 7509796 | doi-access = free }}
• CD28,{{cite journal | vauthors = Pagès F, Ragueneau M, Klasen S, Battifora M, Couez D, Sweet R, Truneh A, Ward SG, Olive D | title = Two distinct intracytoplasmic regions of the T-cell adhesion molecule CD28 participate in phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase association | journal = J. Biol. Chem. | volume = 271 | issue = 16 | pages = 9403–9 | year = 1996 | pmid = 8621607 | doi = 10.1074/jbc.271.16.9403 | doi-access = free }}
• CD7,{{cite journal | vauthors = Lee DM, Patel DD, Pendergast AM, Haynes BF | title = Functional association of CD7 with phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase: interaction via a YEDM motif | journal = Int. Immunol. | volume = 8 | issue = 8 | pages = 1195–203 | year = 1996 | pmid = 8918688 | doi = 10.1093/intimm/8.8.1195 | doi-access = free }}{{cite journal | vauthors = Subrahmanyam G, Rudd CE, Schneider H | title = Association of T cell antigen CD7 with type II phosphatidylinositol-4 kinase, a key component in pathways of inositol phosphate turnover | journal = Eur. J. Immunol. | volume = 33 | issue = 1 | pages = 46–52 | year = 2003 | pmid = 12594831 | doi = 10.1002/immu.200390006 | s2cid = 26388891 | doi-access = free }}
• CENTG1,{{cite journal | vauthors = Ye K, Hurt KJ, Wu FY, Fang M, Luo HR, Hong JJ, Blackshaw S, Ferris CD, Snyder SH | title = Pike. A nuclear gtpase that enhances PI3kinase activity and is regulated by protein 4.1N | journal = Cell | volume = 103 | issue = 6 | pages = 919–30 | year = 2000 | pmid = 11136977 | doi = 10.1016/S0092-8674(00)00195-1 | s2cid = 16610638 | doi-access = free }}
• CBL,{{cite journal | vauthors = Gesbert F, Garbay C, Bertoglio J | title = Interleukin-2 stimulation induces tyrosine phosphorylation of p120-Cbl and CrkL and formation of multimolecular signaling complexes in T lymphocytes and natural killer cells | journal = J. Biol. Chem. | volume = 273 | issue = 7 | pages = 3986–93 | year = 1998 | pmid = 9461587 | doi = 10.1074/jbc.273.7.3986 | doi-access = free }}{{cite journal | vauthors = Zhang S, Broxmeyer HE | title = p85 subunit of PI3 kinase does not bind to human Flt3 receptor, but associates with SHP2, SHIP, and a tyrosine-phosphorylated 100-kDa protein in Flt3 ligand-stimulated hematopoietic cells | journal = Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. | volume = 254 | issue = 2 | pages = 440–5 | year = 1999 | pmid = 9918857 | doi = 10.1006/bbrc.1998.9959 }}{{cite journal | vauthors = Dufour C, Guenou H, Kaabeche K, Bouvard D, Sanjay A, Marie PJ | title = FGFR2-Cbl interaction in lipid rafts triggers attenuation of PI3K/Akt signaling and osteoblast survival | journal = Bone | volume = 42 | issue = 6 | pages = 1032–9 | year = 2008 | pmid = 18374639 | doi = 10.1016/j.bone.2008.02.009 }}
• EPHA2,{{cite journal | vauthors = Pandey A, Lazar DF, Saltiel AR, Dixit VM | title = Activation of the Eck receptor protein tyrosine kinase stimulates phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activity | journal = J. Biol. Chem. | volume = 269 | issue = 48 | pages = 30154–7 | year = 1994 | doi = 10.1016/S0021-9258(18)43790-8 | pmid = 7982920 | doi-access = free }}
• EPOR,{{cite journal | vauthors = Damen JE, Cutler RL, Jiao H, Yi T, Krystal G | title = Phosphorylation of tyrosine 503 in the erythropoietin receptor (EpR) is essential for binding the P85 subunit of phosphatidylinositol (PI) 3-kinase and for EpR-associated PI 3-kinase activity | journal = J. Biol. Chem. | volume = 270 | issue = 40 | pages = 23402–8 | year = 1995 | pmid = 7559499 | doi = 10.1074/jbc.270.40.23402 | doi-access = free }}
• ERBB3,{{cite journal | vauthors = Hellyer NJ, Kim MS, Koland JG | title = Heregulin-dependent activation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase and Akt via the ErbB2/ErbB3 co-receptor | journal = J. Biol. Chem. | volume = 276 | issue = 45 | pages = 42153–61 | year = 2001 | pmid = 11546794 | doi = 10.1074/jbc.M102079200 | doi-access = free }}{{cite journal | vauthors = Lin J, Adam RM, Santiestevan E, Freeman MR | title = The phosphatidylinositol 3'-kinase pathway is a dominant growth factor-activated cell survival pathway in LNCaP human prostate carcinoma cells | journal = Cancer Res. | volume = 59 | issue = 12 | pages = 2891–7 | year = 1999 | pmid = 10383151 }}
• EZR,{{cite journal | vauthors = Gautreau A, Poullet P, Louvard D, Arpin M | title = Ezrin, a plasma membrane-microfilament linker, signals cell survival through the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt pathway | journal = Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. | volume = 96 | issue = 13 | pages = 7300–5 | year = 1999 | pmid = 10377409 | pmc = 22080 | doi = 10.1073/pnas.96.13.7300 | bibcode = 1999PNAS...96.7300G | doi-access = free }}
• FCGR2A,{{cite journal | vauthors = Chacko GW, Brandt JT, Coggeshall KM, Anderson CL | title = Phosphoinositide 3-kinase and p72syk noncovalently associate with the low affinity Fc gamma receptor on human platelets through an immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif. Reconstitution with synthetic phosphopeptides | journal = J. Biol. Chem. | volume = 271 | issue = 18 | pages = 10775–81 | year = 1996 | pmid = 8631888 | doi = 10.1074/jbc.271.18.10775 | doi-access = free }}{{cite journal | vauthors = Ibarrola I, Vossebeld PJ, Homburg CH, Thelen M, Roos D, Verhoeven AJ | title = Influence of tyrosine phosphorylation on protein interaction with FcgammaRIIa | journal = Biochim. Biophys. Acta | volume = 1357 | issue = 3 | pages = 348–58 | year = 1997 | pmid = 9268059 | doi = 10.1016/S0167-4889(97)00034-7 | doi-access = free }}
• GAB1,{{cite journal | vauthors = Bertagnolo V, Marchisio M, Volinia S, Caramelli E, Capitani S | title = Nuclear association of tyrosine-phosphorylated Vav to phospholipase C-gamma1 and phosphoinositide 3-kinase during granulocytic differentiation of HL-60 cells | journal = FEBS Lett. | volume = 441 | issue = 3 | pages = 480–4 | year = 1998 | pmid = 9891995 | doi = 10.1016/S0014-5793(98)01593-2 | s2cid = 38371954 | doi-access = free }}{{cite journal | vauthors = Holgado-Madruga M, Emlet DR, Moscatello DK, Godwin AK, Wong AJ | title = A Grb2-associated docking protein in EGF- and insulin-receptor signalling | journal = Nature | volume = 379 | issue = 6565 | pages = 560–4 | year = 1996 | pmid = 8596638 | doi = 10.1038/379560a0 | bibcode = 1996Natur.379..560H | s2cid = 4271970 }}{{cite journal | vauthors = Rocchi S, Tartare-Deckert S, Murdaca J, Holgado-Madruga M, Wong AJ, Van Obberghen E | title = Determination of Gab1 (Grb2-associated binder-1) interaction with insulin receptor-signaling molecules | journal = Mol. Endocrinol. | volume = 12 | issue = 7 | pages = 914–23 | year = 1998 | pmid = 9658397 | doi = 10.1210/mend.12.7.0141 | doi-access = free }}
• GAB2,{{cite journal | vauthors = Lynch DK, Daly RJ | title = PKB-mediated negative feedback tightly regulates mitogenic signalling via Gab2 | journal = EMBO J. | volume = 21 | issue = 1–2 | pages = 72–82 | year = 2002 | pmid = 11782427 | pmc = 125816 | doi = 10.1093/emboj/21.1.72 }}{{cite journal | vauthors = Crouin C, Arnaud M, Gesbert F, Camonis J, Bertoglio J | title = A yeast two-hybrid study of human p97/Gab2 interactions with its SH2 domain-containing binding partners | journal = FEBS Lett. | volume = 495 | issue = 3 | pages = 148–53 | year = 2001 | pmid = 11334882 | doi = 10.1016/S0014-5793(01)02373-0 | s2cid = 24499468 }}
• Grb2,{{cite journal | vauthors = Saleem A, Kharbanda S, Yuan ZM, Kufe D | title = Monocyte colony-stimulating factor stimulates binding of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase to Grb2.Sos complexes in human monocytes | journal = J. Biol. Chem. | volume = 270 | issue = 18 | pages = 10380–3 | year = 1995 | pmid = 7737969 | doi = 10.1074/jbc.270.18.10380 | doi-access = free }}{{cite journal | vauthors = Wang J, Auger KR, Jarvis L, Shi Y, Roberts TM | title = Direct association of Grb2 with the p85 subunit of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase | journal = J. Biol. Chem. | volume = 270 | issue = 21 | pages = 12774–80 | year = 1995 | pmid = 7759531 | doi = 10.1074/jbc.270.21.12774 | doi-access = free }}
• HRAS,{{cite journal | vauthors = Hanna AN, Chan EY, Xu J, Stone JC, Brindley DN | title = A novel pathway for tumor necrosis factor-alpha and ceramide signaling involving sequential activation of tyrosine kinase, p21(ras), and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase | journal = J. Biol. Chem. | volume = 274 | issue = 18 | pages = 12722–9 | year = 1999 | pmid = 10212255 | doi = 10.1074/jbc.274.18.12722 | doi-access = free }}{{cite journal | vauthors = Rodriguez-Viciana P, Warne PH, Khwaja A, Marte BM, Pappin D, Das P, Waterfield MD, Ridley A, Downward J | title = Role of phosphoinositide 3-OH kinase in cell transformation and control of the actin cytoskeleton by Ras | journal = Cell | volume = 89 | issue = 3 | pages = 457–67 | year = 1997 | pmid = 9150145 | doi = 10.1016/S0092-8674(00)80226-3 | s2cid = 14459536 | doi-access = free }}
• IRS1{{cite journal | vauthors = Hadari YR, Tzahar E, Nadiv O, Rothenberg P, Roberts CT, LeRoith D, Yarden Y, Zick Y | title = Insulin and insulinomimetic agents induce activation of phosphatidylinositol 3'-kinase upon its association with pp185 (IRS-1) in intact rat livers | journal = J. Biol. Chem. | volume = 267 | issue = 25 | pages = 17483–6 | year = 1992 | doi = 10.1016/S0021-9258(19)37065-6 | pmid = 1381348 | doi-access = free }}{{cite journal | vauthors = Morrison KB, Tognon CE, Garnett MJ, Deal C, Sorensen PH | title = ETV6-NTRK3 transformation requires insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor signaling and is associated with constitutive IRS-1 tyrosine phosphorylation | journal = Oncogene | volume = 21 | issue = 37 | pages = 5684–95 | year = 2002 | pmid = 12173038 | doi = 10.1038/sj.onc.1205669 | doi-access = free }}{{cite journal | vauthors = Gual P, Gonzalez T, Grémeaux T, Barres R, Le Marchand-Brustel Y, Tanti JF | title = Hyperosmotic stress inhibits insulin receptor substrate-1 function by distinct mechanisms in 3T3-L1 adipocytes | journal = J. Biol. Chem. | volume = 278 | issue = 29 | pages = 26550–7 | year = 2003 | pmid = 12730242 | doi = 10.1074/jbc.M212273200 | doi-access = free }}
• IRS2,{{cite journal | vauthors = Hamer I, Foti M, Emkey R, Cordier-Bussat M, Philippe J, De Meyts P, Maeder C, Kahn CR, Carpentier JL | title = An arginine to cysteine(252) mutation in insulin receptors from a patient with severe insulin resistance inhibits receptor internalisation but preserves signalling events | journal = Diabetologia | volume = 45 | issue = 5 | pages = 657–67 | year = 2002 | pmid = 12107746 | doi = 10.1007/s00125-002-0798-5 | doi-access = free }}{{cite journal | vauthors = Argetsinger LS, Norstedt G, Billestrup N, White MF, Carter-Su C | title = Growth hormone, interferon-gamma, and leukemia inhibitory factor utilize insulin receptor substrate-2 in intracellular signaling | journal = J. Biol. Chem. | volume = 271 | issue = 46 | pages = 29415–21 | year = 1996 | pmid = 8910607 | doi = 10.1074/jbc.271.46.29415 | doi-access = free }}{{cite journal | vauthors = Verdier F, Chrétien S, Billat C, Gisselbrecht S, Lacombe C, Mayeux P | title = Erythropoietin induces the tyrosine phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate-2. An alternate pathway for erythropoietin-induced phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activation | journal = J. Biol. Chem. | volume = 272 | issue = 42 | pages = 26173–8 | year = 1997 | pmid = 9334184 | doi = 10.1074/jbc.272.42.26173 | doi-access = free }}{{cite journal | vauthors = Kim B, Cheng HL, Margolis B, Feldman EL | title = Insulin receptor substrate 2 and Shc play different roles in insulin-like growth factor I signaling | journal = J. Biol. Chem. | volume = 273 | issue = 51 | pages = 34543–50 | year = 1998 | pmid = 9852124 | doi = 10.1074/jbc.273.51.34543 | doi-access = free }}
• IL1R1,{{cite journal | vauthors = Reddy SA, Huang JH, Liao WS | title = Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase in interleukin 1 signaling. Physical interaction with the interleukin 1 receptor and requirement in NFkappaB and AP-1 activation | journal = J. Biol. Chem. | volume = 272 | issue = 46 | pages = 29167–73 | year = 1997 | pmid = 9360994 | doi = 10.1074/jbc.272.46.29167 | doi-access = free }}
• JAK2,{{cite journal | vauthors = Fuhrer DK, Yang YC | title = Complex formation of JAK2 with PP2A, P13K, and Yes in response to the hematopoietic cytokine interleukin-11 | journal = Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. | volume = 224 | issue = 2 | pages = 289–96 | year = 1996 | pmid = 8702385 | doi = 10.1006/bbrc.1996.1023 }}
• KHDRBS1,{{cite journal | vauthors = Sánchez-Margalet V, Najib S | title = Sam68 is a docking protein linking GAP and PI3K in insulin receptor signaling | journal = Mol. Cell. Endocrinol. | volume = 183 | issue = 1–2 | pages = 113–21 | year = 2001 | pmid = 11604231 | doi = 10.1016/S0303-7207(01)00587-1 | s2cid = 24594450 }}{{cite journal | vauthors = Shen Z, Batzer A, Koehler JA, Polakis P, Schlessinger J, Lydon NB, Moran MF | title = Evidence for SH3 domain directed binding and phosphorylation of Sam68 by Src | journal = Oncogene | volume = 18 | issue = 33 | pages = 4647–53 | year = 1999 | pmid = 10467411 | doi = 10.1038/sj.onc.1203079 | doi-access = free }}
• LTK,{{cite journal | vauthors = Kozutsumi H, Toyoshima H, Hagiwara K, Yazaki Y, Hirai H | title = Human ltk receptor tyrosine kinase binds to PLC-gamma 1, PI3-K, GAP and Raf-1 in vivo | journal = Oncogene | volume = 9 | issue = 10 | pages = 2991–8 | year = 1994 | pmid = 8084603 }}{{cite journal | vauthors = Ueno H, Honda H, Nakamoto T, Yamagata T, Sasaki K, Miyagawa K, Mitani K, Yazaki Y, Hirai H | title = The phosphatidylinositol 3' kinase pathway is required for the survival signal of leukocyte tyrosine kinase | journal = Oncogene | volume = 14 | issue = 25 | pages = 3067–72 | year = 1997 | pmid = 9223670 | doi = 10.1038/sj.onc.1201153 | doi-access = free }}
• LAT,{{cite journal | vauthors = Paz PE, Wang S, Clarke H, Lu X, Stokoe D, Abo A | title = Mapping the Zap-70 phosphorylation sites on LAT (linker for activation of T cells) required for recruitment and activation of signalling proteins in T cells | journal = Biochem. J. | volume = 356 | issue = Pt 2 | pages = 461–71 | year = 2001 | pmid = 11368773 | pmc = 1221857 | doi = 10.1042/0264-6021:3560461 }}
• LCP2,{{cite journal | vauthors = Shim EK, Moon CS, Lee GY, Ha YJ, Chae SK, Lee JR | title = Association of the Src homology 2 domain-containing leukocyte phosphoprotein of 76 kD (SLP-76) with the p85 subunit of phosphoinositide 3-kinase | journal = FEBS Lett. | volume = 575 | issue = 1–3 | pages = 35–40 | year = 2004 | pmid = 15388330 | doi = 10.1016/j.febslet.2004.07.090 | s2cid = 24678709 | doi-access = free }}
• PIK3CD,{{cite journal | vauthors = Vanhaesebroeck B, Welham MJ, Kotani K, Stein R, Warne PH, Zvelebil MJ, Higashi K, Volinia S, Downward J, Waterfield MD | title = P110delta, a novel phosphoinositide 3-kinase in leukocytes | journal = Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. | volume = 94 | issue = 9 | pages = 4330–5 | year = 1997 | pmid = 9113989 | pmc = 20722 | doi = 10.1073/pnas.94.9.4330 | bibcode = 1997PNAS...94.4330V | doi-access = free }}
• PTK2,{{cite journal | vauthors = Guinebault C, Payrastre B, Racaud-Sultan C, Mazarguil H, Breton M, Mauco G, Plantavid M, Chap H | title = Integrin-dependent translocation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase to the cytoskeleton of thrombin-activated platelets involves specific interactions of p85 alpha with actin filaments and focal adhesion kinase | journal = J. Cell Biol. | volume = 129 | issue = 3 | pages = 831–42 | year = 1995 | pmid = 7537275 | pmc = 2120444 | doi = 10.1083/jcb.129.3.831 }}
• SHB,{{cite journal | vauthors = Karlsson T, Songyang Z, Landgren E, Lavergne C, Di Fiore PP, Anafi M, Pawson T, Cantley LC, Claesson-Welsh L, Welsh M | title = Molecular interactions of the Src homology 2 domain protein Shb with phosphotyrosine residues, tyrosine kinase receptors and Src homology 3 domain proteins | journal = Oncogene | volume = 10 | issue = 8 | pages = 1475–83 | year = 1995 | pmid = 7537362 }}
• TUBA1B,{{cite journal | vauthors = Kapeller R, Toker A, Cantley LC, Carpenter CL | title = Phosphoinositide 3-kinase binds constitutively to alpha/beta-tubulin and binds to gamma-tubulin in response to insulin | journal = J. Biol. Chem. | volume = 270 | issue = 43 | pages = 25985–91 | year = 1995 | pmid = 7592789 | doi = 10.1074/jbc.270.43.25985 | doi-access = free }}
• TYRO3,{{cite journal | vauthors = Lan Z, Wu H, Li W, Wu S, Lu L, Xu M, Dai W | title = Transforming activity of receptor tyrosine kinase tyro3 is mediated, at least in part, by the PI3 kinase-signaling pathway | journal = Blood | volume = 95 | issue = 2 | pages = 633–8 | year = 2000 | pmid = 10627473 | doi = 10.1182/blood.V95.2.633}}
• VAV1,{{cite journal | vauthors = Shigematsu H, Iwasaki H, Otsuka T, Ohno Y, Arima F, Niho Y | title = Role of the vav proto-oncogene product (Vav) in erythropoietin-mediated cell proliferation and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activity | journal = J. Biol. Chem. | volume = 272 | issue = 22 | pages = 14334–40 | year = 1997 | pmid = 9162069 | doi = 10.1074/jbc.272.22.14334 | doi-access = free }} and
• WAS.{{cite journal | vauthors = Banin S, Truong O, Katz DR, Waterfield MD, Brickell PM, Gout I | title = Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein (WASp) is a binding partner for c-Src family protein-tyrosine kinases | journal = Curr. Biol. | volume = 6 | issue = 8 | pages = 981–8 | year = 1996 | pmid = 8805332 | doi = 10.1016/S0960-9822(02)00642-5 | s2cid = 162267 | doi-access = free | bibcode = 1996CBio....6..981B }}

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