Pabdeh Formation

{{Infobox rockunit|name=Pabdeh Formation|image=|caption=|type=Formation|age=Late Eocene to Early Oligocene, {{fossilrange|37.7|28}}|period=Priabonian|prilithology=Marl, limestone|otherlithology=Oil shales|namedfor=|namedby=|region=|country=Iran|coordinates=|unitof=Zagros fold and thrust belt|subunits=|underlies=Asmari Formation|overlies=Gurpi Formation|thickness=|extent=|area=|map=|map_caption=}}The Pabdeh Formation is a Late Eocene to Early Oligocene-aged{{Cite journal |last1=Joudaki |first1=M. |last2=Baghbani |first2=D. |date=2018-09-01 |title=Biostratigraphy of Oligocene and Lower Miocene deposits, Anneh Anticline, Folded Zagros, SW of Iran |url=https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s13146-017-0362-5 |journal=Carbonates and Evaporites |language=en |volume=33 |issue=3 |pages=509–515 |doi=10.1007/s13146-017-0362-5 |issn=1878-5212|url-access=subscription }}{{Cite journal |last1=Joudaki |first1=Mohamad |last2=Asnavandi |first2=Hamed |last3=Panah |first3=Fatemeh Mahmoodi |last4=Baghbani |first4=Darioush |date=2020-03-12 |title=The regional facies analysis and depositional environments of the Oligocene and Lower Miocene deposits; Zagros Basin, SW of Iran |url=https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s13146-020-00575-8 |journal=Carbonates and Evaporites |language=en |volume=35 |issue=2 |pages=39 |doi=10.1007/s13146-020-00575-8 |issn=1878-5212|url-access=subscription }} geological formation in Iran. It outcrops along the Zagros Mountains. It was deposited in a deepwater environment in the upper bathyal zone of the Paratethys Sea, with these abyssal sediments being lifted high above sea level from the uplift of the Zagros fold and thrust belt as part of the Alpide orogeny.

A high number of fossil fishes are known from this formation, the majority of which appear to have pelagic and deepwater affinities. These are mostly known from two localities near Elam and Istehbanat.{{Cite book |last1=Muséum national d'histoire naturelle (France) |url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/281269 |title=Notes et mémoires sur le Moyen-Orient |last2=naturelle (France) |first2=Muséum national d'histoire |date=1966 |publisher=Muséum national d'histoire naturelle |volume=t.8 (1966) |location=Paris}} The age of these localities have been disputed, and have previously been considered to be Early Oligocene, but are now generally thought to be middle to late Eocene in age, most likely Priabonian.{{Cite journal |last1=Bannikov |first1=A. F. |last2=Erebakan |first2=I. G. |date=2023-10-01 |title=On the Evolution of Some Groups of Marine Bony Fishes in the Cenozoic of the Tethys and Paratethys |url=https://link.springer.com/article/10.1134/S0031030123050015 |journal=Paleontological Journal |language=en |volume=57 |issue=5 |pages=475–490 |doi=10.1134/S0031030123050015 |issn=1555-6174|url-access=subscription }} Some fossils of migratory insects (a locust and ant alates), as well as fish and birds, are also known from presumed early Oligocene-aged strata near Babaheidar.

Paleobiota

= Cartilaginous fishes =

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Xiphodolamia

|X. serrata

|A xiphodolamiid shark.{{Cite journal |last1=Adnet |first1=S. |last2=Hosseinzadeh |first2=R. |last3=Antunes |first3=M. T. |last4=Balbino |first4=A. C. |last5=Kozlov |first5=V. A. |last6=Cappetta |first6=H. |date=2009-10-01 |title=Review of the enigmatic Eocene shark genus Xiphodolamia (Chondrichthyes, Lamniformes) and description of a new species recovered from Angola, Iran and Jordan |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1464343X09000752 |journal=Journal of African Earth Sciences |volume=55 |issue=3 |pages=197–204 |doi=10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2009.04.005 |issn=1464-343X|url-access=subscription }}

Pabdeh Formation

Paleobiota

= Cartilaginous fishes =

= Bony fishes =

= Birds =

= Arthropods =

== Crustaceans ==

== Insecta ==

References