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Pakistan Meteorological Department

{{Short description|Pakistani government institution (founded 1947)}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2024}}

{{Infobox government agency

| agency_name = Pakistan Meteorological Department

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| nativename = {{nq|محکمہ موسمیات پاکستان}}

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| logo = Pakistan Met Department.png

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| formed = {{Start date and age|1947}}

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| jurisdiction = Government of Pakistan

| headquarters = Islamabad, Pakistan

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| chief1_name = Sahibzad Khan

| chief1_position = Director-General

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| parent_department = Aviation Division (Pakistan)

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| website = {{URL|pmd.gov.pk}}

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The Pakistan Meteorological Department (PMD) ({{langx|ur|{{nq|محکمہ موسمیات پاکستان}}}}, also known as Pakistan Met Office{{cite news |title=MET office forecast rain for upper parts |url=http://www.geo.tv/article-115380-MET-office-forecast-rain-for-upper-parts- |access-date=12 January 2014 |work=GEO News |date=26 August 2013}}{{cite news |last=Jabri |first=Pervez |title=Met Office forecast cloudy weather, rain for different areas of Country |work=Business Recorder |date=4 January 2014 |url=http://www.brecorder.com/pakistan/general-news/152228-met-office-forecast-cloudy-weather-rain-for-different-areas-of-country.html |access-date=12 January 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140112082658/http://www.brecorder.com/pakistan/general-news/152228-met-office-forecast-cloudy-weather-rain-for-different-areas-of-country.html |archive-date=12 January 2014 |url-status=dead}}), is an autonomous and independent institution tasked with providing weather forecasts and public warnings concerning weather for protection, safety and general information.{{cite web |title=Introduction of the Pakistan Meteorological Department |work=Govt. of Pakistan |publisher=Pakistan Meteorological Department |url=http://www.pmd.gov.pk/PMD/pmdinfo.html |access-date=12 January 2014}}

Apart from meteorology, it is also involved in monitoring as well as investigating weather phenomena, astronomical events, hydrology and research in astrophysics, climate change, aeronautical engineering, and renewable energy resources across the country. It is headquartered in Islamabad.

Till 1991, PMD was providing aviation weather services to defence forces through regular deputation of meteorologists to the Pakistan Air Force (PAF). However in 1991, PAF formed its own Met branch, and officers are now inducted on a regular basis in PAF to meet aviation requirements. The main training for meteorologists is, however, imparted by PMD at Pakistan Institute of Meteorology and Geo Physics Karachi, through formally recognized courses. PAF Met branch is now providing weather services to PAF, Pakistan Army, Pakistan Navy, and paramilitary forces. PAF's main Met offices are located in Karachi, Jacobabad, Shorkot, Sargodha, Mianwali, Rawalpindi, Kamra, Risalpur and Peshawar.

PMD has offices and research facilities in all provinces and territories of the country.{{Cite web |title=Home |url=http://www.pmd.gov.pk/PMD/pmdinfo.html |access-date=2020-12-23 |publisher=Pakistan Meteorological Department}}

History

Shortly after independence in 1947, the Pakistan Meteorological Department was established and inherited 15 meteorological observatories from the Central Meteorological Organization of the British Raj.{{cite book|editor-last=Gupta|editor-first=Uma Das|title=Science and modern India : an institutional history, c. 1784–1947|year=2010|publisher=Longman Pearson Education|location=Delhi|isbn=978-8131728185|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lrx3wLz4itkC&q=history+of+pakistan+meteorological+department&pg=PA413}} In 1948, PMD began providing basic weather forecast to Pakistan's print media. In the 1950s, the meteorological department became one of the leading scientific institutions in Pakistan; concerning itself in the field of research in space and atmospheric sciences, it worked in close coordination with the Ministry of Defence (MoD) and the Ministry of Environment (MoEn) for reporting accurate weather information for aviation and hydrography. In the 1960s, the meteorological department was split and the Pakistan Navy Hydrographic Department was established for the Pakistan Navy. Some of Pakistan's most notable and reputable scientists have been affiliated with the PMD. It assisted the federal government in establishing the SUPARCO in 1961, where many of its atmospheric scientists and technical staff joined the new space agency.{{cite web|last=staff|title=History of Suparco|url=http://www.suparco.gov.pk/pages/history.asp|work=Govt. Pakistan|publisher=SUPARCO|access-date=12 January 2014|archive-date=17 April 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080417192331/http://www.suparco.gov.pk/pages/history.asp|url-status=dead}} The PMD has also assisted and lead studies in the Geomagnetic Field Monitoring Program of SUPARCO.{{cite web|last=Staff|title=Geomagnetic Study|url=http://www.suparco.gov.pk/pages/spas-project11.asp|work=Govt. Pakistan|publisher=SUPARCO Geomagnetic program|access-date=12 January 2014|archive-date=12 January 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140112105410/http://www.suparco.gov.pk/pages/spas-project11.asp|url-status=dead}} Since its establishment, the PMD has become one of the leading governmental scientific institution in guiding the government in environmental and space policy formation. In 1965, the first televised weather forecast was broadcast by PTV. Since 1974, the meteorological department has been collecting data on seismic activity in Pakistan and thus is able to act as a consultant in seismic design of dams, buildings as well as disaster relief schemes. PMD's flood forecasting system has assisted the other government departments as well.

Directorates

File:Yemyin 2007-06-25 0610Z.jpg

The Pakistan Meteorological Department is headed by the Director General. The Department is further divided into several directorates as follows:

  • Institute of Meteorology & Geophysics, Karachi (IMG)
  • Tropical Cyclone Warning Center, Karachi (TCWC)
  • National Seismic Monitoring & Tsunami Early Warning Center, Islamabad (NSMC)
  • National Seismic Monitoring Center (Backup Station), Karachi (NSMC)
  • Directorate of Maintenance, Karachi
  • Meteorological Workshop (MWS), Karachi
  • National Meteorological Communication Centre, Karachi (NMCC)
  • Directorate of Forecasting and Climatology, Karachi (F&C)
  • Climate Data Processing Center, Karachi (CDPC)
  • Directorate of Forecasting and Climatology (F&C), Karachi
  • Regional Meteorological Centers of each Province :-
  • Karachi Regional Meteorological Center (RMC-Karachi)
  • Lahore Regional Meteorological Center (RMC-Lahore)
  • Peshawar Regional Meteorological Center (RMC-Peshawar)
  • Quetta Regional Meteorological Center (RMC-Quetta)
  • Gilgit Regional Meteorological Center (RMC-GB)

Observatories

The Pakistan Meteorological Department established and expanded its network of meteorological observatories across Pakistan since 1947.{{cite web|last=Staff|title=Met Observatories|url=http://www.pmd.gov.pk/Observatories/index.html|publisher=Met Observatories|access-date=12 January 2014}} As of 2017, there are 111 meteorological, airborne and astronomical observatories:

Weather stations

Some weather stations have limited reporting times, while other report continuously, mainly Pakistan Air Force and Army Aviation Corps stations where a staffed meteorological office is provided for military operations. Reports (observations) from weather stations vary considerably and it is because there are different types of weather in different regions. There is list of weather stations below:

Weather surveillance radars & Lightning Detectors 'LDN'

Weather surveillance radars are located in various cities which provide the weather coverage of the entire country. The main weather radars stations are located in Islamabad and Karachi. These radars are equipped with the state-of-the-art technologies.{{Cite web|last=Ahmed|first=Amin|date=2020-12-23|title=Weather radars to be built in Sukkur, Multan|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1597334|access-date=2020-12-23|website=DAWN.COM|language=en}}{{Cite web|date=2020-12-23|title=Japan continues assisting Pakistan for risk reduction against natural disasters|url=https://nation.com.pk/23-Dec-2020/japan-continues-assisting-pakistan-for-risk-reduction-against-natural-disasters|access-date=2020-12-23|website=The Nation|language=en}}{{Cite web|author=News Desk|date=2020-12-22|title=Japan contributes to Pakistan's risk-reduction against natural disasters, enhances weather surveillance|url=https://pakobserver.net/japan-contributes-to-pakistans-risk-reduction-against-natural-disasters-enhances-weather-surveillance/|access-date=2020-12-23|website=Pakistan Observer|language=en-US}}

''Pakistan Journal of Meteorology''

From 2004 to 2018, the Research & Development Division published 28 issues of a peer reviewed scientific journal, the Pakistan Journal of Meteorology (PJM).{{cite web |title=Pakistan Journal of Meteorology |author=Research & Development Division |publisher=Pakistan Meteorological Department |url=https://www.pmd.gov.pk/rnd/rndweb/rnd_new/journal.php |access-date=2024-08-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240620070058/https://www.pmd.gov.pk/rnd/rndweb/rnd_new/about.php |archive-date=2024-06-20 |url-status=live}} The semi-annual PJM, which accepted submissions from scientists across the world, was:

{{block quote|...an international journal on the Dynamics, Physics and Chemistry of the atmosphere and with papers across the full range of the atmospheric sciences... [covering] achievements and developments not only in the field of meteorology but also in other disciplines like Agrometeorology, Hydrology, Biometeorology, Seismology, Remote Sensing, Climate dynamics and variability, Weather Systems and Numerical Weather Prediction, Global warming and Climate change.{{cite web |title=About Journal |author=Research & Development Division |publisher=Pakistan Meteorological Department |url=https://www.pmd.gov.pk/rnd/rndweb/rnd_new/about.php |access-date=2024-08-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240620070058/https://www.pmd.gov.pk/rnd/rndweb/rnd_new/about.php |archive-date=2024-06-20 |url-status=live}}}}

See also

References

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External links

  • [http://pmd.gov.pk/ PMD official website]
  • [http://pmd.gov.pk/training/index.htm Training at PMD]
  • [http://pmd.gov.pk/new/address-book.html Contact List of PMD Management] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210506125107/http://www.pmd.gov.pk/new/address-book.html |date=2021-05-06 }}
  • [http://www.pmd.gov.pk/rnd/rndweb/rnd_new/about.php Pakistan Journal of Meteorology]

{{Cabinet Secretariat of the Government of Pakistan}}{{National Meteorological Organisations}}

{{Authority control}}

Category:Governmental meteorological agencies in Asia

Category:1947 establishments in Pakistan

Category:Climate of Pakistan

Category:Pakistan federal departments and agencies

Category:Science and technology in Pakistan

Category:Geography of Pakistan

Category:Government agencies established in 1947