Panama City

{{For timeline}}

{{More citations needed|section|date=April 2016}}

File:Captain Henry Morgan attacking Panama.jpg in 1671. Illustration by Alexandre Exquemelin.{{cite book |url=https://archive.org/details/buccaneersofamer00exquuoft/page/209/mode/1up?view=theater |page=209 |year=1686 |edition=1924 |author=Alexandre Exquemelin |title=The buccaneers of America : a true account of the most remarkable assaults committed of late years upon the coast of the West Indies by the buccaneers of Jamaica and Tortuga, both English and French, wherein are contained more especially the unparalleled exploits of Sir Henry Morgan, our English Jamaican hero, who sacked Porto Bello, burnt Panama City, etc. }}]]

File:Panama Catedral Metropolitana.jpg]]

File:Edward Gennys Fanshawe, From a back window in Panama, March 10th 1850.jpg.{{cite web |url=https://www.rmg.co.uk/collections/objects/rmgc-object-154581 |title='From a back window in Panama, March 10th 1850' |author=Fanshawe, Edward Gennys |date=1850 |website=Royal Museums Greenwich website |access-date=2 November 2023 |archive-date=2 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231102232542/https://www.rmg.co.uk/collections/objects/rmgc-object-154581 |url-status=live }}]]

File:Grand Hotel Panama 1875.png.]]

File:La Plaza, Panamá, 1875.jpg. Now called the Plaza Independencia.]]

The city was founded on 15 August 1519, by Pedro Arias de Ávila, also known as Pedrarias Dávila. Within a few years of its founding, the city became a launching point for the exploration and conquest of Peru and a transit point for gold and silver headed back to Spain through the Isthmus. The Genoese-Italians and the Spanish encountered coconuts from the Philippines which the Malayo-Polynesians brought before Spanish colonization.{{Cite journal |last1=Baudouin |first1=Luc |last2=Gunn |first2=Bee F. |last3=Olsen |first3=Kenneth M. |date=January 2014 |title=The presence of coconut in southern Panama in pre-Columbian times: clearing up the confusion |journal=Annals of Botany |volume=113 |issue=1 |pages=1–5 |doi=10.1093/aob/mct244 |pmc=3864718 |pmid=24227445 }} In 1520, Genoese merchants controlled the port and the commerce of the region, mainly for the slave trade, thanks to a concession given by the Spaniards, who had the Republic of Genoa as its main banking base.{{Cite web |title=I Genovesi d'Oltremare i primi coloni moderni |url=http://www.giustiniani.info/oltremare.html |access-date=18 November 2020 |website=www.giustiniani.info |archive-date=23 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200223140429/http://www.giustiniani.info/oltremare.html |url-status=live }}{{Cite web |title=15. Casa de los Genoveses - Patronato Panamá Viejo |url=http://www.patronatopanamaviejo.org/ppv2014/es/el-sitio-arqueologico/los-monumentos/mapa-de-monumentos/15-casa-de-los-genoveses |access-date=18 November 2020 |website=www.patronatopanamaviejo.org |archive-date=11 September 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170911025455/http://www.patronatopanamaviejo.org/ppv2014/es/el-sitio-arqueologico/los-monumentos/mapa-de-monumentos/15-casa-de-los-genoveses |url-status=dead }}

In 1671 Henry Morgan with a band of 1,400 men attacked and looted the city, which was subsequently destroyed by fire. The ruins of the old city still remain and are a popular tourist attraction known as Panamá Viejo (Old Panama). The city was rebuilt in 1673 in a new location approximately {{convert|5|mi|km|0}} southwest of the original city. This location is now known as the Casco Viejo (Old Quarter) of the city. Panama City is the fourth earliest-founded of the modern-day capital cities in the Americas.{{citation needed|date=May 2020}}

One year before the start of the California Gold Rush, the Panama Railroad Company was formed, but the railroad did not begin full operation until 1855. Between 1848 and 1869, the year the first transcontinental railroad was completed in the United States, about 375,000 people crossed the isthmus from the Atlantic to the Pacific, and 225,000 in the opposite direction. This traffic greatly increased the prosperity of the city during that period.

After declaring independence from Colombia on 3 November 1903, Philippe Bunau-Varilla (a French engineer) was named Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary. Bunau-Varilla negotiated the Hay-Bunau-Varilla Treaty of 1903, which provided the United States with a 10-mile-wide strip of land for the canal, a one-time $10 million payment to Panama, and an annual annuity of $250,000. The United States also agreed to guarantee the independence of Panama. Completed in 1914, the Panama Canal symbolized U.S. technological prowess and economic power. Although U.S. control of the canal eventually became an irritant to U.S.-Panamanian relations, at the time it was heralded as a major foreign policy achievement.{{cite web |title=Building the Panama Canal 1903-1904 |url=https://history.state.gov/milestones/1899-1913/panama-canal |website=Office of the Historian |access-date=14 February 2022 |archive-date=17 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190717191156/https://history.state.gov/milestones/1899-1913/panama-canal |url-status=live }}

The construction of the Panama Canal was of great benefit to the infrastructure and economy. Of particular note are the improvements in health and sanitation brought about by the American presence in the Canal Zone. William Gorgas, the chief sanitary officer for the canal construction, had a particularly large impact. He hypothesized that diseases were spread by the abundance of mosquitos native to the area, and ordered the fumigation of homes and the cleansing of water. This led to yellow fever being eradicated by November 1905, as well malaria rates falling dramatically. However, most of the laborers for the construction of the canal were brought in from the Caribbean, which created unprecedented racial and social tensions in the city.

During World War II, construction of military bases and the presence of larger numbers of U.S. military and civilian personnel brought about unprecedented levels of prosperity to the city. Panamanians had limited access, or no access at all, to many areas in the Canal Zone neighboring the Panama city metropolitan area. Some of these areas were military bases accessible only to United States personnel. Some tensions arose between the people of Panama and the U.S. citizens living in the Panama Canal Zone. This erupted in the 9 January 1964, events, known as Martyrs' Day.

In the late 1970s through the 1980s the city of Panama became an international banking center, bringing a lot of undesirable attention as an international money-laundering locale. In 1989 after nearly a year of tension between the United States and Panama, President George H. W. Bush ordered the invasion of Panama to depose General Manuel Noriega, the country's de facto dictator. As a result, a portion of the El Chorrillo neighborhood, which consisted mostly of old wood-framed buildings dating back to the 1900s (though still a large slum area), was destroyed by fire. In 1999, the United States officially transferred full control of the Panama Canal to the Republic of Panama, which remains in control today.{{cite web |title=Panama Canal |url=http://www.history.com/topics/panama-canal |website=History |access-date=13 November 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161112174525/http://www.history.com/topics/panama-canal |archive-date=12 November 2016 }}

The city of Panama is still a banking center, although with very visible controls in the flow of cash. Shipping is handled through port facilities in the area of Balboa operated by the Hutchison Whampoa Company of Hong Kong and through several ports on the Caribbean side of the isthmus. Balboa, which is located within the greater Panama metropolitan area, was formerly part of the Panama Canal Zone, and the administration of the former Panama Canal Zone was headquartered there.

{{wide image|Southbound on the Panama Canal approaching the Centennial Bridge.jpg|800px|The Panama Canal is one of the main attractions to the Panama City area. The Centennial Bridge spans the area near Gold Hill on the left and Contractor Hill on the right. This is the site of the highest elevation of the Panama Canal construction.}}

Panamá is located between the Pacific Ocean and tropical rain forest in the northern part of Panama. The Parque Natural Metropolitano (Metropolitan Nature Park), stretching from Panama City along the Panama Canal, has unique bird species and other animals, such as tapir, puma, and caimans. At the Pacific entrance of the canal is the Centro de Exhibiciones Marinas (Marine Exhibitions Center), a research center for those interested in tropical marine life and ecology, managed by the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute.

Tropical forests around Panama are vital for the functioning of the Panama Canal, providing it with the water required for its operation. Due to the canal's importance to the Panamanian economy, tropical forests around the canal have been kept in an almost pristine state; the canal is thus a rare example of a vast engineering project in the middle of a forest that helped to preserve that forest. Along the western side of the canal is the Parque Nacional Soberanía (Sovereignty National Park), which includes the Summit botanical gardens and a zoo. The best known trail in this national park is Pipeline Road, popular among birdwatchers.{{cite web |url=http://www.canopytower.com/ |title=Canopy Tower, a famous birdwatchers hotel |publisher=Canopytower.com |access-date=26 June 2010 |archive-date=9 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220609120922/https://www.canopytower.com/ |url-status=live }}

Nearly 500 rivers lace Panama's rugged landscape. Most are unnavigable; many originate as swift highland streams, meander in valleys, and form coastal deltas. However, the Río Chepo and the Río Chagres, both within the boundaries of the city, work as sources of hydroelectric power.

The Río Chagres is one of the longest and most vital of the approximately 150 rivers that flow into the Caribbean. Part of this river was dammed to create Gatun Lake, which forms a major part of the transit route between the locks near each end of the canal. Both Gatun Lake and Madden Lake (also filled with water from the Río Chagres) provide hydroelectricity to the former Canal Zone area. The Río Chepo, another major source of hydroelectric power, is one of the more than 300 rivers emptying into the Pacific.

Under the Köppen climate classification, Panama City has a tropical savanna climate (Köppen Aw), a little drier than a tropical monsoon climate. It sees {{cvt|1900|mm|1}} of precipitation annually. The wet season spans from May through December, and the dry season spans from January through April. Temperatures remain constant throughout the year, averaging around {{convert|27|C|F}}. Sunshine is subdued in Panama because it lies in the Intertropical Convergence Zone, where there is a nearly continual cloud formation, even during the dry season.

{{Clear}}

{{Weather box

|location = Panama City (1971–2000)

|metric first = y

|single line = y

|collapsed = yes

|Jan high C = 31.7

|Feb high C = 31.7

|Mar high C = 32.2

|Apr high C = 32.2

|May high C = 31.1

|Jun high C = 30.6

|Jul high C = 30.6

|Aug high C = 30.6

|Sep high C = 30.0

|Oct high C = 29.4

|Nov high C = 30.0

|Dec high C = 30.6

|year high C = 31.0

|Jan mean C = 28.1

|Feb mean C = 28.1

|Mar mean C = 28.6

|Apr mean C = 28.9

|May mean C = 28.3

|Jun mean C = 27.8

|Jul mean C = 27.8

|Aug mean C = 27.8

|Sep mean C = 27.2

|Oct mean C = 27.0

|Nov mean C = 27.2

|Dec mean C = 27.5

|year mean C = 28.1

|Jan low C = 24.4

|Feb low C = 24.4

|Mar low C = 25.0

|Apr low C = 25.6

|May low C = 25.6

|Jun low C = 25.0

|Jul low C = 25.0

|Aug low C = 25.0

|Sep low C = 24.4

|Oct low C = 24.4

|Nov low C = 24.4

|Dec low C = 24.4

|year low C = 24.8

|Jan rain mm = 29.3

|Feb rain mm = 10.1

|Mar rain mm = 13.1

|Apr rain mm = 64.7

|May rain mm = 225.1

|Jun rain mm = 235.0

|Jul rain mm = 168.5

|Aug rain mm = 219.9

|Sep rain mm = 253.9

|Oct rain mm = 330.7

|Nov rain mm = 252.3

|Dec rain mm = 104.6

|rain colour = green

|unit rain days = 0.1 mm

|Jan rain days = 2.9

|Feb rain days = 1.3

|Mar rain days = 1.4

|Apr rain days = 4.9

|May rain days = 15.0

|Jun rain days = 16.0

|Jul rain days = 14.0

|Aug rain days = 15.0

|Sep rain days = 17.0

|Oct rain days = 20.0

|Nov rain days = 16.0

|Dec rain days = 7.5

|year rain days = 131.0

|Jan sun = 228.9

|Feb sun = 245.2

|Mar sun = 183.9

|Apr sun = 173.1

|May sun = 108.5

|Jun sun = 116.3

|Jul sun = 106.1

|Aug sun = 118.1

|Sep sun = 99.2

|Oct sun = 103.9

|Nov sun = 139.8

|Dec sun = 120.5

|year sun = 1743.5

| Jan percentsun =63

| Feb percentsun =74

| Mar percentsun =49

| Apr percentsun =47

| May percentsun =28

| Jun percentsun =31

| Jul percentsun =27

| Aug percentsun =31

| Sep percentsun =27

| Oct percentsun =28

| Nov percentsun =40

| Dec percentsun =34

| year percentsun =

| Jan light = 11.7

| Feb light = 11.8

| Mar light = 12.1

| Apr light = 12.3

| May light = 12.4

| Jun light = 12.6

| Jul light = 12.6

| Aug light = 12.4

| Sep light = 12.2

| Oct light = 11.9

| Nov light = 11.7

| Dec light = 11.6

| year light=

|source 1 = World Meteorological Organization{{cite web |url=http://worldweather.wmo.int/076/c01221.htm |title=World Weather Information Service – Panama City |publisher=World Meteorological Organization |access-date=10 April 2013 |archive-date=26 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181226142342/http://worldweather.wmo.int/076/c01221.htm%0A%20 |url-status=live }}

|source 2 = ETESA (sunshine data recorded at Albrook Field){{cite web |url=http://www.hidromet.com.pa/clima_historicos.php |title=Datos Históricos : Estación Albrook Field |publisher=Empresa de Transmisión Eléctrica S.A |access-date=10 April 2013 |language=es |archive-date=9 October 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121009003023/http://www.hidromet.com.pa/clima_historicos.php |url-status=live }} Weather Spark{{cite web |url=https://weatherspark.com/y/19385/Average-Weather-in-Panam%C3%A1-Panama-Year-Round |title=Climate and Average Weather Year Round in Panamá |publisher=Weather Spark |access-date=12 December 2024 |archive-date=2 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240302055659/https://weatherspark.com/y/19385/Average-Weather-in-Panam%C3%A1-Panama-Year-Round |url-status=live }}

|date=August 2010

}}

File:DirkvdM casco viejo.jpg]]

File:Famous spiral building in panama.jpg, more commonly known as "El tornillo" or "La torre tornillo" meaning "the screw" or "the screw tower"]]

{{See also|List of tallest buildings in Panama City}}

Panama's old quarter (or Casco Viejo, Panama) features many architectural styles, from Spanish colonial buildings to French and Antillean townhouses built during the construction of the Panama Canal.{{cite web |url=http://www.usa-lawfirm.com/news-BostonGlobe-012207.asp?id=2924322 |title=In Panama City's Old Quarter, a Rebirth Takes Place |work=Boston Globe |date=22 January 2007 |access-date=11 February 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110717174313/http://www.usa-lawfirm.com/news-BostonGlobe-012207.asp?id=2924322 |archive-date=17 July 2011 |url-status=dead }} The more modern areas of the city have many high-rise buildings, which together form a very dense skyline. There are more than 110 high-rise projects under construction, with 127 already built.{{cite web |url=http://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?cityID=864 |title=Skyscraper page Panama City |publisher=Skyscraperpage.com |access-date=26 June 2010 |archive-date=18 May 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100518125016/http://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?cityID=864 |url-status=live }} The city holds the 45th place in the world by high-rise buildings count.{{cite web |url=http://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?s=1&c=4&p=1&r=50&10=0 |title=Skyscraper page Cities List |publisher=Skyscraperpage.com |access-date=26 June 2010 |archive-date=13 March 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090313234757/http://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?s=1&c=4&p=1&r=50&10=0 |url-status=live }}

The Centennial Bridge that crosses the Panama Canal earned the American Segmental Bridge Institute prize of excellence, along with seven other bridges in the Americas.{{cite web |url=http://mensual.prensa.com/mensual/contenido/2005/10/23/hoy/panorama/379361.html |title=La Prensa Newspaper |publisher=Mensual.prensa.com |access-date=26 June 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091124205027/http://mensual.prensa.com/mensual/contenido/2005/10/23/hoy/panorama/379361.html |archive-date=24 November 2009 }}

The city is located in Panama District, although its metropolitan area also includes some populated areas on the opposite side of the Panama Canal. As in the rest of the country, the city is divided into corregimientos, in which there are many smaller boroughs. The old quarter, known as the Casco Viejo, is located in the corregimiento of San Felipe. San Felipe and twelve other corregimientos form the urban center of the city, including Santa Ana, El Chorrillo, Calidonia, Curundú, Ancón, Bella Vista, Bethania, San Francisco, Juan Diaz, Pueblo Nuevo, Parque Lefevre, and Río Abajo.

{{wide image|Panama city panoramic view from the top of Ancon hill.jpg|1500px|The skyline of Panama City from Ancon Hill. 2008}}

File:Panamá-C.jpg

File:Panama City financial district.jpg

File:Panama City, Panama. (5645198226).jpg

File:Punta Pacifica, Panama City.jpg

As the economic and financial center of the country, Panama City's economy is service-based, heavily weighted toward banking, commerce, and tourism.{{cite web |url=http://www.panamatours.com/Facts/Useful%20Facts.htm |title=Panama Useful Facts |access-date=17 February 2011 |archive-date=21 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200221224956/http://www.panamatours.com/Facts/Useful%20Facts.htm |url-status=dead }} The economy depends significantly on trade and shipping activities associated with the Panama Canal and port facilities located in Balboa. Panama's status as a convergence zone for capital from around the world due to the canal helped the city establish itself as a prime location for offshore banking and tax planning. Consequently, the economy has relied on accountants and lawyers who help global corporations navigate the regulatory landscape.{{Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/04/07/world/americas/panama-papers-leak-casts-light-on-a-law-firm-founded-on-secrecy.html |title=Panama Papers Leak Casts Light on a Law Firm Founded on Secrecy |last=Semple |first=Kirk |date=6 April 2016 |work=The New York Times |access-date=14 November 2016 |archive-date=21 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200821221617/https://www.nytimes.com/2016/04/07/world/americas/panama-papers-leak-casts-light-on-a-law-firm-founded-on-secrecy.html |url-status=live }} The city has benefited from significant economic growth in recent years, mainly due to the ongoing expansion of the Panama Canal, an increase in real estate investment, and a relatively stable banking sector.{{cite news |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/panama-economy-idUSN0214618620100302 |title=Panama economy grew 2.4 percent in 2009 |work=Reuters |date=2 March 2010 |access-date=17 February 2011 }} There are around eighty banks in the city, at least fifteen of which are local.

Panama City is responsible for the production of approximately 55% of the country's GDP. This is because most Panamanian businesses and premises are located in the city and its metro area.{{cite web |url=http://municipio.gob.pa/ |title=Municipio de Panamá |publisher=Municipio.gob.pa |access-date=26 June 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140208000057/http://municipio.gob.pa/ |archive-date=8 February 2014 |url-status=dead }} It is a stopover for other destinations in the country, as well as a transit point and tourist destination in itself.

Tourism is one of the most important economic activities in terms of revenue generation. This sector of the economy has seen a great deal of growth since the transfer of the Panama Canal Zone at the end of the twentieth century. The number of hotel rooms increased by more than ten-fold, from 1,400 in 1997 to more than 15,000 in 2013, while the number of annual visitors increased from 457,000 in 1999 to 1.4 million in 2011.{{Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/05/05/travel/panama-city-rising.html |title=Panama City Rising |last=Neville |first=Tim |date=3 May 2013 |work=The New York Times |access-date=14 November 2016 |archive-date=22 October 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171022235759/http://www.nytimes.com/2013/05/05/travel/panama-city-rising.html |url-status=live }} The city's hotel occupancy rate has always been relatively high, reaching the second highest for any city outside the United States in 2008, after Perth, Australia, and followed by Dubai.{{cite web |url=http://panamarealestateinvestment.org/2008/05/06/panama-city-has-the-second-highest-hotel-occupancy-outside-of-the-united-states/ |title=Panama City Has The Second Highest Hotel Occupancy Outside Of The United States |date=6 May 2008 |access-date=17 February 2011 |archive-date=13 May 2008 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20080513203706/http://panamarealestateinvestment.org/2008/05/06/panama-city-has-the-second-highest-hotel-occupancy-outside-of-the-united-states/ |url-status=live }} However, hotel occupancy rates have dropped since 2009, probably due to the opening of many new luxury hotels.{{cite web |url=http://www.globaledge.co.uk/news/hotel-occupancy-rates-see-sharp-drop-36008 |title=Hotel occupancy rates see sharp drop. |date=21 October 2009 |access-date=17 February 2011 |archive-date=5 September 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170905235648/http://www.globaledge.co.uk/news/hotel-occupancy-rates-see-sharp-drop-36008 |url-status=dead }} Several international hotel chains, such as Le Méridien, Radisson, and RIU, have opened or plan to open new hotels in the city,{{cite web |url=http://www.elpanama-hotel.com/twenty-two-hotels-are-under-construction-in-panama/ |title=Twenty-two Hotels are Under Construction in Panama. |access-date=17 February 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110710184318/http://www.elpanama-hotel.com/twenty-two-hotels-are-under-construction-in-panama/ |archive-date=10 July 2011 }} along with those previously operating under Marriott, Sheraton, InterContinental, and other foreign and local brands. The Trump Organization built the Trump Ocean Club, its first investment in Latin America,{{cite web |url=http://ehotelier.com/hospitality-news/item.php?id=A8159_0_11_0_M |title=Donald J. Trump Launches His First Luxury Development in Panama |date=26 April 2006 |access-date=17 February 2011 |archive-date=10 July 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110710173224/http://ehotelier.com/hospitality-news/item.php?id=A8159_0_11_0_M |url-status=dead }} in 2006 and it is the tallest building in the city. In 2018 it was renamed The Bahia Grand Panama following falling occupancy rates associated with the declining brand value of the Trump name.{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/the_americas/the-trump-panama-hotel-showdown-appears-to-end-and-the-trump-name-is-coming-down/2018/03/05/41fa8498-2097-11e8-94da-ebf9d112159c_story.html |title=Trump's name is stripped from Panama hotel |newspaper=The Washington Post |date=5 March 2018 |access-date=9 May 2018 |archive-date=9 May 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180509220553/https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/the_americas/the-trump-panama-hotel-showdown-appears-to-end-and-the-trump-name-is-coming-down/2018/03/05/41fa8498-2097-11e8-94da-ebf9d112159c_story.html |url-status=live }} Meanwhile, it is a JW Marriott property. Hilton Worldwide opened a Hilton Garden Inn in El Cangrejo, and in 2013, The Panamera, the second Waldorf Astoria Hotel in Latin America.{{cite web |url=http://news.hiltonworldwide.com/index.cfm/newsroom/detail/22987 |title=Waldorf Astoria Hotels & Resorts Expands into Latin America with opening of Waldorf Astoria Panama |date=18 March 2013 |access-date=11 July 2014 |archive-date=14 July 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714125407/http://news.hiltonworldwide.com/index.cfm/newsroom/detail/22987 |url-status=dead }}

Land reclamation projects have created additional new land for highways, housing, and parkland developments, Cinta Costera.{{cite web |url=https://trends.nauticexpo.com/project-33655.html |title=Second artificial island for Panama City |access-date=11 April 2023 |archive-date=15 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230415100038/https://trends.nauticexpo.com/project-33655.html |url-status=dead }}{{cite web |url=https://www.alamy.com/coastal-beltway-a-26-hectare-land-reclamation-project-in-panama-city-image451618859.html |title=Coastal Beltway, a 26-hectare land reclamation project in Panama City }}{{cite web |url=https://www.roadtraffic-technology.com/projects/cintacosta/ |title=Coastal Beltway (Cinta Costera), Panama City |access-date=11 April 2023 |archive-date=5 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240305002721/https://www.roadtraffic-technology.com/projects/cintacosta/ |url-status=dead }}

File:Palacio Municipal de Panama.jpg

The city proper has approximately 1,086,990 inhabitants in 26 boroughs.[http://www.municipio.gob.pa/ciudad.php#demografia "Panama City Hall" (Spanish)] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141007045142/http://www.municipio.gob.pa/ciudad.php#demografia |date=7 October 2014 }} The inhabitants of Panama City are commonly referred to as capitalinos and include large numbers of mestizos (70%), Amerindian and mixed people (West Indian) (14%), white people (10%), Amerindians (6%), as well as Afro-Panamanians.{{Cite web |title=Panama Population and Demographics from Panama {{!}} - CountryReports |url=https://www.countryreports.org/country/Panama/population.htm |access-date=5 April 2023 |website=www.countryreports.org |archive-date=5 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230405145940/https://www.countryreports.org/country/Panama/population.htm |url-status=live }} There is a great deal of cultural diversity within the city, which manifests itself in the wide variety of languages commonly spoken, such as German, Portuguese, French, Arabic, Chinese, Hebrew and English, in addition to Spanish.

{{main|Panamá Viejo}}

Panamá Viejo ("Old Panama"){{cite web |url=http://www.panamaviejo.org/ |title=Panama Viejo |access-date=18 July 2010 |publisher=Patronato Panama Viejo |archive-date=27 July 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100727221505/http://www.panamaviejo.org/ |url-status=live }} is the name used for the architectural vestiges of the Monumental Historic Complex of the first Spanish city founded on the Pacific coast of the Americas by Pedro Arias de Ávila on 15 August 1519. This city was the starting point for the expeditions that conquered the Inca Empire in Peru in 1532. It was a stopover point on one of the most important trade routes in the history of the American continent, leading to the famous fairs of Nombre de Dios and Portobelo, where most of the gold and silver that Spain took from the Americas passed through.{{cite web |url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/790 |title=UNESCO Official Site |publisher=Whc.unesco.org |date=7 December 1997 |access-date=26 June 2010 |archive-date=28 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230528095742/https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/790/ |url-status=live }}

{{main|Casco Viejo, Panama}}

File:08-067-DCMHN muralla de la plaza francia antigua.jpg

Built and settled in 1671 after the destruction of Panama Viejo by the privateer Henry Morgan, the historic district of Panama City (known as Casco Viejo, Casco Antiguo or San Felipe) was conceived as a walled city to protect its settlers against future pirate attacks. It was designated a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 2003.{{cite web |url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/790/ |title=Archaeological Site of Panamá Viejo and Historic District of Panamá |access-date=6 October 2014 |archive-date=1 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230801104139/https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/790 |url-status=live }}

Casco Antiguo displays a mix of architectural styles that reflect the country's cultural diversity: Caribbean, Republican, art deco, French, and colonial architecture mix in a site comprising around 800 buildings. Most of Panama City's main monuments are located in Casco Antiguo, including the Salón Bolivar, the National Theater (founded in 1908), Las Bóvedas, and Plaza de Francia. There are also many Catholic buildings, such as the Metropolitan Cathedral, the La Merced Church, and the St. Philip Neri Church. The distinctive golden altar at St. Joseph Church was one of the few items saved from Panama Viejo during the 1671 pirate siege. It was buried in mud during the siege and then secretly transported to its present location.

; The Cinta Costera 3 in Casco Viejo

Undergoing redevelopment and gentrification, the old quarter has become one of the city's main tourist attractions, second only to the Panama Canal. Both government and private sectors are working on its restoration.{{cite web |url=http://www.arcoproperties.com/blogs/main/PermaLink,guid,fdc48ceb-4b4e-427c-af4c-e3131de40e66.aspx |title=Panama Casco Viejo Blog – Panama News: World Bank invests in Cultural Industries for Casco Antiguo |publisher=Arcoproperties.com |date=11 September 2008 |access-date=26 June 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090116000514/http://www.arcoproperties.com/blogs/main/PermaLink,guid,fdc48ceb-4b4e-427c-af4c-e3131de40e66.aspx |archive-date=16 January 2009 |url-status=dead }} President Ricardo Martinelli built an extension to the Cinta Costera maritime highway viaduct in 2014 named "Cinta Costera 3" around the Casco Antiguo.Cinta Costera

Before the Cinta Costera 3 project was built there were protests. Much of the controversy surrounding the project involved the possibility that Casco Viejo would lose its World Heritage status. On 28 June 2012, UNESCO decided that Casco Viejo will not be put on the List of World Heritage Sites in Danger. {{Citation needed|date=March 2016}}

File:Archivos de Panamá 03.jpg]]

According to Professor Rodrigo Miró, the first story about Panama was written by Gonzalo Fernández de Oviedo y Valdés and published as part of the Historia General y Natural de Las Indias in 1535. Some authors born in Panamá city are Manuel María Ayala (1785–1824), Amelia Denis de Icaza (1836–1911), Darío Herrera (1870–1914), Ricardo Miró (1883–1940), Gaspar Octavio Hernández (1893–1918), Demetrio Korsi (1899–1957), Ricardo Bermúdez (1914–2000), Joaquín Beleño (1921–88), Ernesto Endara (1932–), Diana Morán (1932–87), Rosa María Britton (1936–2019), José Córdova (1937–), Pedro Rivera (1939–), Moravia Ochoa López (1941–), Roberto Fernández Iglesias (1941–), Juan David Morgan (1942 –), Jarl Ricardo Babot (1946–), Giovanna Benedetti (1949–), Édgar Soberón Torchia (1951-), Manuel Orestes Nieto (1951–), Moisés Pascual (1955–), Nyra Soberón Torchia (1955-), Héctor Miguel Collado (1960–), David Robinson Orobio (1960–), Katia Chiari (1969–), Carlos Oriel Wynter Melo (1971–), José Luis Rodríguez Pittí (1971–), Arturo Wong Sagel (1980–) and Sofía Santim (1982–).Panamanian literature

One of the most important Panamanian artists is Alfredo Sinclair. He has worked for over 50 years in abstract art and has produced one of the most important artistic collections in the country. His daughter, Olga Sinclair, has also followed in his footsteps and has become another force in Panamanian art. Another very prominent Panamanian artist is Guillermo Trujillo, known worldwide for his abstract surrealism.

Brooke Alfaro is a Panamanian artist known throughout the world for his uniquely rendered oil paintings.

Another prominent artist is Mario Calvit, known as one of the great painters of the generation that flourished in the country between the decades of 1950 and 1970.

File:Casco Antiguo (San Felipe) - Pamama.jpg

File:Paseo General Esteban Huertas.jpg

Tourism in Panama City includes many different historic sites and locations related to the operation of the Panama Canal. A few of these sites are the following:

• Las Bóvedas ("The Vaults"), a waterfront promenade jutting out into the Pacific;
• The National Institute of Culture Building and the French embassy across from it;
• The Cathedral at Plaza de la Catedral;
• Teatro Nacional (National Theatre of Panama), an intimate performance center with outstanding natural acoustics and seating for about 800 guests;
• Museo del Canal Interoceánico (Interoceanic Canal Museum); and
• Palacio de las Garzas (Heron's Palace), the official name of the presidential palace, named for the numerous herons that inhabit the building.
• Miraflores Visitors Center at the Miraflores set of Locks on the Pacific Side, with a museum and a simulator of a ship cruising the canal.
• Calzada de Amador (Amador Causeway), a land-bridge built with rocks excavated during the construction of the Panama Canal.

In addition to these tourist attractions, Panama City offers many different options when it comes to hotel accommodations, including the first Waldorf Astoria hotel to open in Latin America, and many small boutique style hotels that have smaller numbers of guest rooms and offer a more intimate vacation. Nightlife in the city is centered around the Calle Uruguay and Casco Viejo neighborhoods. These neighborhoods contain a variety of different bars and nightclubs that cater to the tourists visiting the city.{{Cite web |url=http://www.cnn.com/2013/05/17/travel/panama-city-luxury/index.html |title=Live large, pay small in Panama City |first=Gabriel |last=O'Rorke |website=CNN |date=17 May 2013 |access-date=14 November 2016 |archive-date=14 November 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161114170230/http://www.cnn.com/2013/05/17/travel/panama-city-luxury/index.html |url-status=live }}

One of the newer tourist areas of the city is the area immediately east of the Pacific entrance of the canal, known as the Amador Causeway. This area is being developed as a tourist center and nightlife destination. The Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute operates a station and a small museum open to the public at Culebra Point on the island of Naos. A new museum, the Biomuseo, was recently completed on the causeway in 2014. It was designed by the American architect Frank Gehry, famous for the Guggenheim Museum Bilbao and the Disney Concert Hall in Los Angeles.{{Cite web |url=http://www.toscanainnhotel.com/our-blog/post/9-facts-about-the-frank-gehry-biodiversity-museum |title=Biodiversity Museum |access-date=14 February 2015 |archive-date=14 February 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150214074340/http://www.toscanainnhotel.com/our-blog/post/9-facts-about-the-frank-gehry-biodiversity-museum |url-status=live }} Just outside the city limits is the Parque Municipal Summit. A new convention center called the Amador Convention Center is being built in Amador by CSCEC in a joint venture with a Panamanian company called CCG Cocige. The Panamanian ministry of Tourism hopes for the convention center to house 100 international events annually. There were plans (proposed by Panamanian president Juan Carlos Varela) to build in Amador a campus for the embassy of the People's Republic of China in Panama, however the plans were eventually dropped, due to criticism from the general public and fears that tourists could easily assume that Panama was Chinese territory. Varela in response said that Amador is an area that "must have more value".

The United States State Department notes the presence of crimes in the city, some of which include violent acts such as shootings, rape, armed robbery, and intentional kidnapping. The United States State Department also warns tourists about the purchasing of counterfeited or pirated goods, as they may be in violation of local Panamanian laws. In terms of LGBT rights in the city, same sex marriage is not recognized by the government but there are laws in place to prevent discrimination against the LGBT community.{{Cite web |url=https://travel.state.gov/content/passports/en/country/panama.html |title=Panama |website=travel.state.gov |access-date=14 November 2016 |archive-date=25 November 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171125013543/https://travel.state.gov/content/passports/en/country/panama.html |url-status=live }}

File:Plazadelaindependenciapanama.JPG|Plaza de la Independencia

File:Arch of the Calle Casco Viejo in Panama.jpg|Archway and classic calicanto wall in a traditional house

File:Compañia de jesus.jpg|Compañía de Jesús, the ruins of an ancient convent of the Society of Jesus

File:Estadio Rommel FernándezA1.jpg Soccer Stadium]]

File:Rodcarew.jpg National Baseball Stadium]]

Throughout the 20th century, Panama City has excelled in boxing, baseball, basketball, and soccer. These sports have produced famous athletes such as Roberto Durán, Rommel Fernández, Rolando Blackman, Julio Dely Valdés, Mariano Rivera, and Rod Carew. Today, these sports have clubs and associations that manage their development in the city. Panama Metro is the city's baseball team. There are boxing training centers in different gyms throughout the city's neighborhoods. There are also many football clubs, such as:

• Alianza
• Chorrillo
• Plaza Amador
• Tauro
• Chepo
• San Francisco F.C.

The city has four professional teams in the country's second-level league, Liga Nacional de Ascenso:

• Atlético Nacional
• Deportivo Genesis
• Millenium
• Río Abajo

There are two main stadiums in Panama City, the National Baseball Stadium (also known as Rod Carew Stadium) and the Rommel Fernández Stadium, with capacities of 27,000 and 32,000 respectively. Additionally, the Roberto Durán Arena has a capacity of 18,000.

The city has both public and private schools. Most private schools are bilingual (English and Spanish). Higher education is headed by two major public universities: the University of Panama and the Technological University of Panama. There are private universities, such as the Universidad Católica Santa María La Antigua, the Universidad Latina de Panama, the Universidad Latinoamericana de Ciencia y Tecnología (ULACIT), the Distance and Open University of Panama (UNADP), Universidad del Istmo Panama, the Universidad Maritima Internacional de Panama, and the Universidad Especializada de las Americas. Also, there are Panama Branches of the Nova Southeastern University (its main campus is in Ft. Lauderdale in Broward County, Florida); the University of Oklahoma; the Central Texas University; the University of Louisville which runs a sister campus in the city,{{cite web |url=http://louisville.edu/a-s/cml/las/channing/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080108144508/http://louisville.edu/a-s/cml/las/channing/ |url-status=dead |archive-date=8 January 2008 |title=Channing Slate's Homepage |date=8 January 2008 |access-date=5 August 2009 }} and the Florida State University, which operates a broad curriculum program{{cite web |url=http://international.fsu.edu/Types/College/Panama/Broad%20Curriculum/Default.aspx |title=FSU-Panama Homepage |access-date=17 February 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110517224709/http://international.fsu.edu/Types/College/Panama/Broad%20Curriculum/Default.aspx |archive-date=17 May 2011 |url-status=dead }} in an academic and technological park known as Ciudad del Saber.

File:Gorgas Laboratory.jpg]]

Panama City is home to at least 14 hospitals and an extensive network of public and private clinics, including the Hospital Santo Tomás, Hospital del Niño, Complejo Hospitalario Arnulfo Arias Madrid, Centro Médico Paitilla, Hospital Santa Fé, Hospital Nacional, Clinica Hospital San Fernando, and Hospital Punta Pacifica.

About 45% of the country's physicians are based in Panama City.{{cite web |url=http://www.municipio.gob.pa/es/educacioacutenysalud.html |title=Panama City Hall information on education and |access-date=23 April 2011 |archive-date=15 December 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131215101829/http://municipio.gob.pa/es/educacioacutenysalud.html/ |url-status=dead }}{{Failed verification|date=March 2025}}

{{Main|Category:People from Panama City}}

{{See also|Metrobus (Panama)}}

File:Puente de las Américas sobre el Canal de Panamá.jpg]]

File:Metrobus Panama.jpg

File:Taxi panama.jpg

Panama's international airport, Tocumen International Airport is located on the eastern outskirts of the city's metropolitan area. Two other airports serve Panama City: Panamá Pacífico, previously the Howard Air Force Base, and Marcos A. Gelabert, previously the Albrook Air Force Base. Pacífico serves Wingo, while Marcos A. Gelabert Airport is the main hub for AirPanama. Most other flights are served by Tocumen.

The Panama Metro is a rapid transit system in Panama City, which links the north and east sides of the metropolitan area to the city center. The Panama Metro currently has two operating lines.{{cite web |url=https://www.elmetrodepanama.com/presidente-varela-entrega-la-linea-2-del-metro-de-panama-obra-construida-con-transparencia-y-eficiencia/ |title=Presidente Varela entrega la Línea 2 del Metro de Panamá, obra construida con "transparencia y eficiencia" |access-date=11 August 2021 |archive-date=24 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221124023044/https://www.elmetrodepanama.com/presidente-varela-entrega-la-linea-2-del-metro-de-panama-obra-construida-con-transparencia-y-eficiencia/ |url-status=live }} There is a third line currently under construction.{{cite web |url=https://www.railjournal.com/infrastructure/panama-line-3-monorail-starts-construction/ |title=Panama Line 3 monorail starts construction |date=24 February 2021 |access-date=11 August 2021 |archive-date=6 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210806002953/https://www.railjournal.com/infrastructure/panama-line-3-monorail-starts-construction/ |url-status=live }}

There are frequent traffic jams in Panama City due to the high levels of private transport ownership per kilometer of traffic lane. In an attempt to curb traffic jams, the Panama Metro, initially {{cvt|14|km|0}} long and funded an increase in taxes, began operation in 2014.{{cite web |url=http://www.elmetrodepanama.com/ |title=El Metro de Panamá |access-date=18 July 2010 |publisher=Secretaría del Metro |archive-date=8 September 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160908201631/http://www.elmetrodepanama.com/ |url-status=live }}{{cite web |url=http://www.metrobuspanama.com/ |title=Metrobus Panama |access-date=18 July 2010 |publisher=Metrobus Panama |archive-date=10 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231210173956/http://www.metrobuspanama.com/ |url-status=dead }}

The bus terminal located in Ancon offers buses in and out of the city. Bus service is one of the most widely used forms of transportation in Panama. The terminal receives thousands of passengers daily from locations like David, Chiriqui, and the central provinces of Herrera and Los Santos. The terminal also receives international passengers from Central America via the Pan-American Highway.

Panama City offers transportation services through yellow taxis. Taxis do not use a meter to measure fares, instead using a zone system for fares that is published by the Autoridad de Transito y Transporte Terrestre, Panama's transit authority. Taxis used to be red. Taxi drivers that charge more than usual are not uncommon. Many also participate in InDriver and Cabify. Uber has been the subject of controversy, with many taxi drivers demanding its cessation of operations in Panama City.

{{See also|List of twin towns and sister cities in North America}}

Panama City is twinned with:{{cite web |title=Panama City |url=https://www.sandisca.org/Sister%20Cities/panama-city/ |website=sandisca.org |publisher=San Diego International Sister Cities Association |access-date=20 January 2021 |archive-date=20 June 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210620070513/https://www.sandisca.org/Sister%20Cities/panama-city/ |url-status=dead }}

{{div col|colwidth=20em}}

• {{flagicon|USA}} Charleston, United States{{cite web |title=Our Sister Cities |url=https://www.charlestonsistercities.org/sister-cities |website=charlestonsistercities.org |publisher=Charleston Sister Cities International |access-date=20 January 2021 |archive-date=27 May 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190527194909/https://www.charlestonsistercities.org/sister-cities |url-status=live }}
• {{flagicon|PHL}} Davao City, Philippines{{cite web |title=Davao councilor eyes more sister-city deals |url=https://www.sunstar.com.ph/article/1816852/Davao/Local-News/Davao-councilor-eyes-more-sister-city-deals |website=sunstar.com.ph |publisher=SunStar |date=1 August 2019 |access-date=20 January 2021 |archive-date=28 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210128154011/https://www.sunstar.com.ph/article/1816852/Davao/Local-News/Davao-councilor-eyes-more-sister-city-deals |url-status=live }}
• {{flagicon|USA}} Fort Lauderdale, United States
• {{flagicon|MEX}} Guadalajara, Mexico
• {{flagicon|JPN}} Imabari, Japan{{cite web |title=Delegación panameña expone en Sea Japan |url=https://amp.gob.pa/noticias/delegacion-panamena-expone-en-sea-japan-panama-y-japon-mantienen-una-larga-relacion-de-cooperacion-en-beneficio-del-desarrollo-maritimo-mundial/ |website=amp.gob.pa |publisher=Autoridad Marítima de Panamá |language=es |date=19 April 2018 |access-date=20 January 2021 |archive-date=13 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230413131437/https://amp.gob.pa/noticias/delegacion-panamena-expone-en-sea-japan-panama-y-japon-mantienen-una-larga-relacion-de-cooperacion-en-beneficio-del-desarrollo-maritimo-mundial/ |url-status=dead }}
• {{flagicon|KOR}} Incheon, South Korea
• {{flagicon|TWN}} Kaohsiung, Taiwan
• {{flagicon|ENG}} Liverpool, England{{cite web |title=Why Liverpool firms are doing business with Panama – and it's not why you think |url=https://www.liverpoolecho.co.uk/news/liverpool-news/liverpool-firms-doing-business-panama-12072903 |website=liverpoolecho.co.uk |publisher=Liverpool Echo |date=25 October 2016 |access-date=20 January 2021 |archive-date=4 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230104182839/https://www.liverpoolecho.co.uk/news/liverpool-news/liverpool-firms-doing-business-panama-12072903 |url-status=live }}
• {{flagicon|ESP}} Madrid, Spain{{cite web |title=Agreements with cities |url=https://www.madrid.es/vgn-ext-templating/v/index.jsp?vgnextoid=76957c275129a310VgnVCM2000000c205a0aRCRD&vgnextchannel=ce069e242ab26010VgnVCM100000dc0ca8c0RCRD&vgnextfmt=default&idCapitulo=7182437 |website=madrid.es |publisher=Madrid |access-date=20 January 2021 |archive-date=10 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200610162129/https://www.madrid.es/vgn-ext-templating/v/index.jsp?vgnextoid=76957c275129a310VgnVCM2000000c205a0aRCRD&vgnextchannel=ce069e242ab26010VgnVCM100000dc0ca8c0RCRD&vgnextfmt=default&idCapitulo=7182437 |url-status=dead }}
• {{flagicon|COL}} Medellín, Colombia{{cite web |title=Medellín es la primera ciudad hermana de Puerto Morelos |url=https://www.acimedellin.org/medellin-es-la-primera-ciudad-hermana-de-puerto-morelos/ |website=acimedellin.org |publisher=Autoridad Marítima de Panamá |language=es |date=19 April 2018 |access-date=20 January 2021 |archive-date=26 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210126015439/https://www.acimedellin.org/medellin-es-la-primera-ciudad-hermana-de-puerto-morelos/ |url-status=live }}
• {{flagicon|COL}} Montería, Colombia
• {{flagicon|USA}} San Diego, United States
• {{flagicon|TWN}} Taipei, Taiwan

{{div col end}}

Panama City is part of the Union of Ibero-American Capital Cities.{{cite web |url=http://www.munimadrid.es/UnidadWeb/Contenidos/EspecialInformativo/RelacInternac/RRII/HermanamientosyAcuerdos/Files/hermanamiento_UCCI.pdf |title=Declaración de Hermanamiento múltiple y solidario de todas las Capitales de Iberoamérica (12-10-82) |date=12 October 1982 |access-date=12 March 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130510114810/http://www.munimadrid.es/UnidadWeb/Contenidos/EspecialInformativo/RelacInternac/RRII/HermanamientosyAcuerdos/Files/hermanamiento_UCCI.pdf |archive-date=10 May 2013 }}

File:Architecture in Panama City.jpg|Architecture in Casco Viejo (Old Quarter)

File:Casco viejo de panama1.jpg|The belltower of the San Francisco de Asis Church.

File:Bahá'í temple Panama City 2008-12-14.jpg|The Bahá'í House of Worship

File:DirkvdM panama plaza-perspective.jpg|Plaza Bolivar in Casco Viejo

File:Torre Panama Viejo.jpg|Ruins of the Old Panama Cathedral

File:Parque de Santa Ana.jpg|Santa Ana Park

File:Causeway de Amador.jpg|Causeway connecting Naos, Perico, and Flamenco Islands to the mainland

File:Puente de las américas.jpg|The Bridge of the Americas, at the Pacific entrance to the Panama Canal

File:Palacio de las Garzas.jpg|The Palace of the Herons, the official residence and office of the President of Panama

File:Wikplazadefrancia.jpg|Plaza de Francia, a square in honor of the workers and French engineers who participated in the construction of the Panama Canal.

File:Panama skyline.jpg|Obario neighborhood seen from San Francisco neighborhood

File:Panama Skyline.jpg|Skyline seen from Casco Viejo

File:Ciudad panama bahia.jpg|The former Balboa Avenue

File:Rascacielos de Panamá.jpg|Panama skycrapers

File:Avenida Balboa Panama.JPG|Panama Bay

File:Atardecer en la ciudad de Panamá.jpg|View of part of the metropolitan area of Panama

File:Panama City, Panama - Night Shot.jpg|Panama City at night

File:Panama City at night.jpg|Panama City at night

File:Iglesia Nuestra Sra. del Carmen.jpg|Iglesia Nuestra Sra. del Carmen

File:Interior view la merced.jpg|Interior view in Iglesia de la Merced

File:Plaza de Bolovar.jpg|Plaza de Bolivar

File:Iglesia de la merced old.jpg|Iglesia de la Merced

File:Street view panamas.jpg|Street view

File:Street in old city yah.jpg|Street in old city

File:Panama city fishing boats.jpg|Fishing boats outside Mercado De Marisco Cinta Costera

{{Portal|Panama}}

• Panamá Viejo
• La Joyita Prison
• List of cities with the most skyscrapers
• Manhattanization

{{Notelist}}

{{Reflist|30em}}

{{See also|Timeline of Panama City#Bibliography|l1=Bibliography of the history of Panama City}}

{{Sister project links|voy=Panama City|Panama City}}

• [https://web.archive.org/web/20110225083801/http://www.municipio.gob.pa/ Official website for Panama City]
• [http://www.visitpanama.com/?id=&lang=en Official website for Panama's Tourism Bureau]

{{Panama City}}

{{American Capital of Culture}}

{{List of North American capitals}}

{{Panama topics}}

{{Spanish Colonial architecture}}

{{Authority control}}

Category:Populated coastal places in Panama

*

Category:Panamanian coasts of the Pacific Ocean

Category:Capitals in Central America

Category:Capitals in North America

Category:Gulf of Panama

Category:Populated places established in 1519

Category:1519 establishments in North America

Category:1510s in the Spanish Empire

Category:World Heritage Sites in Panama

Category:Transcontinental cities