Papora-Hoanya language

{{Short description|Extinct Formosan language of Taiwan}}{{Cleanup lang|date=November 2024|iso=ppu}}{{Infobox language

| name = Papora–Hoanya

| states = Taiwan

| region =

| ethnicity = Papora, Hoanya

| extinct = by 2009

| familycolor = Austronesian

| fam2 = Western Plains Formosan

| fam3 = Central

| iso3 = ppu

| linglist = ppu.html

| glotto = papo1239

| glottorefname = Papora-Hoanya

| dia1 = Papora

| dia2 = Hoanya

| map = Formosan languages.png

| mapcaption = (orange) The Papora-Hoanya, Babuza, and Thao languages

| altname = Bupuran, Hinapavosa, Papola, Papora-Hoanya, Hoanya, Vupuran

}}

Papora–Hoanya, also known as Bupuran, Hinapavosa, Papola, Papora–Hoanya, Hoanya and Vupuran, is an extinct Formosan language of Taiwan. It was made up of the Papora and Hoanya dialects which were spoken across the middle western side of the island, ranging from Dajia to Dadu, and inland to Taichung.[http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=ppu Ethnologue] The earliest found report of its extinction was from 2009.{{Cite web |date=2016-03-04 |title=Ethnologue report for language code: ppu |url=http://archive.ethnologue.com/16/show_language.asp?code=ppu |access-date=2024-10-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304081441/http://archive.ethnologue.com/16/show_language.asp?code=ppu |archive-date=2016-03-04 }}

Phonology

{{Cleanup section|reason=Convert into table|date=November 2024}}

Papora–Hoanya contained the consonant phonemes p, t, k, θ, s, b, d, l, m, and n and others though it lacked the consonants q and h.{{Cite journal |last=Shibata |first=Kye |date=2022-01-01 |title=Reexamining the historical relationships of the "Western Plains" languages |url=https://www.academia.edu/102433284 |journal=South East Asian Linguistics Society Annual Meeting}}

Vocabulary

class="wikitable"

!Hoanya{{Cite web |title=ACD - Austronesian Comparative Dictionary Online - Language Hoanya |url=https://acd.clld.org/languages/626 |access-date=2024-10-24 |website=acd.clld.org}}{{Cite web |title=Papora-Hoanya |url=https://docs.verbix.com/Languages/Papora-Hoanya |access-date=2024-10-24 |website=docs.verbix.com}}

!English

abiki

|areca nut

ada~ala

|child

atu

|dog

babu

|pig

batu

|stone

bulas

|moon

bulbul

|banana

dumoák

|to stand

dzalan

|road

dzapu

|fire

kita

|to see

lasən

|vegetables

lima

|five

lipun

|tooth

ma-bali

|windy

magi

|come

ma-kat-a-lat-hah

|to hunt

mama

|father

mami

|sweet

ma-pasa

|to die

masa

|eye

matala-gasut

|one

matsahā

|to steal

ma-tulu

|sleep

mudzas

|ro rain

numzak

|to cook

padza

|rice plant

pai

|woman/female

pa-itik

|few

saŋila

|ear

sau

|person

-sia

|nine

sibus

|sugarcane

sikan

|fish

suazi

|younger sister

sai

|to defecate

tiat~chias

|belly

tmāla

|to hear

tutu

|female breast

ulu

|head

usu

|louse

vaki

|grandfather

zazum~salum

|water

References

{{Reflist}}

{{Languages of Taiwan}}

{{Formosan languages}}

Category:Formosan languages

Category:Languages of Taiwan

Category:Extinct languages of Asia

{{Formosan-lang-stub}}