Voiceless velar plosive

{{Short description|Consonantal sound represented by ⟨k⟩ in IPA}}

{{Infobox IPA

|ipa symbol=k

|ipa number=109

|decimal=107

|x-sampa=k

|braille=k

|imagefile=IPA Unicode 0x006B.svg

}}

The voiceless velar plosive or stop is a type of consonantal sound used in almost all spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is {{angbr IPA|k}}, and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is k.

The {{IPA|[k]}} sound is a very common sound cross-linguistically. Most languages have at least a plain {{IPA|[k]}}, and some distinguish more than one variety. Most Indo-Aryan languages, such as Hindi and Bengali, have a two-way contrast between aspirated and plain {{IPA|[k]}}. Only a few languages lack a voiceless velar plosive, e.g. Tahitian and Mongolian.

Some languages have the voiceless pre-velar plosive,Instead of "pre-velar", it can be called "advanced velar", "fronted velar", "front-velar", "palato-velar", "post-palatal", "retracted palatal" or "backed palatal". which is articulated slightly more front compared with the place of articulation of the prototypical velar plosive, though not as front as the prototypical palatal plosive.

Conversely, some languages have the voiceless post-velar plosive,Instead of "post-velar", it can be called "retracted velar", "backed velar", "pre-uvular", "advanced uvular" or "fronted uvular". which is articulated slightly behind the place of articulation of the prototypical velar plosive, though not as back as the prototypical uvular plosive.

Features

150px

Features of the voiceless velar stop:

Varieties

class="wikitable" !IPA!!Description
style="font-size:1.714em" \|{{IPA\|k}}	plain k
style="font-size:1.714em" \|{{IPA\|kʰ}}	aspirated k
style="font-size:1.714em" \|{{IPA\|kʲ}}	palatalized k
style="font-size:1.714em" \|{{IPA\|kʷ}}	labialized k
style="font-size:1.714em" \|{{IPA\|k̚}}	k with no audible release
style="font-size:1.714em" \|{{IPA\|k̬}}	voiced k
style="font-size:1.714em" \|{{IPA\|k͈}}	tense k
style="font-size:1.714em" \|{{IPA\|kʼ}}	ejective k

Occurrence

class="wikitable" !colspan="2" \| Language!!Word!!IPA!!Meaning!!Notes
colspan="2" \| Abkhaz	{{lang\|ab\|ақалақь}}/ak̇halak̇h'	{{IPA\|[ˈakalakʲ]}}	'the city'	See Abkhaz phonology
rowspan="2" \|Adyghe	Shapsug	{{lang\|ady-Cyrl\|кьэт}}/k′ėt	{{Audio-IPA\|кьэт.ogg\|[kʲat]}}	'chicken'	rowspan="2" \| Dialectal; corresponds to {{IPA\|[t͡ʃ]}} in other dialects.
Temirgoy	{{lang\|ady-Cyrl\|пскэн}}/pskėn	{{IPA\|[pskan]}}	'to cough'
colspan="2" \| Ahtna	gistaann	{{IPA\|[kɪstʰɐːn]}}	'six'
colspan="2" \| Aleut{{sfnp\|Ladefoged\|2005\|p=165}}	{{lang\|ale-Latn\|kiikax̂}}	{{IPA\|[kiːkaχ]}}	'cranberry bush'
Arabic	Modern Standard{{sfnp\|Thelwall\|1990\|p=37}}	{{lang\|ar\|كتب\|rtl=yes}}/kataba	{{IPA\|[ˈkatabɐ]}}	'he wrote'	See Arabic phonology
Armenian	Eastern{{sfnp\|Dum-Tragut\|2009\|p=13}}	{{lang\|hy\|քաղաք}}/ k'aġak'/k'aghak	{{IPA\|[kʰɑˈʁɑkʰ]}}	'town'	Contrasts with unaspirated form.
colspan="2" \| Assamese	{{lang\|as\|কম}}/kom	{{IPA\|[kɔm]}}	'less'
colspan="2" \| Assyrian	ܟܬܒ̣ܐ {{lang\|aii-Latn\|ctava}}	{{IPA\|[ktava}}]	'book'	Used in most varieties, with the exception of the Urmia and Nochiya dialects where it corresponds to {{IPAblink\|t͡ʃ}}.
colspan="2" \| Basque	{{lang\|bas\|katu}}	{{IPA\|[kat̪u]}}	'cat'
colspan="2" \| Bengali	{{lang\|bn\|কম}}/kom	{{IPA\|[kɔm]}}	'less'	Contrasts with aspirated form. See Bengali phonology
colspan="2" \| Bulgarian	{{lang\|bg\|как}}/kak	{{IPA\|[kak]}}	'how'	See Bulgarian phonology
colspan="2" rowspan="2" \|Cantonese \|{{lang\|yue-Hani\|家}}/{{lang\|yue-Latn\|gā}} \|{{Audio-IPA\|Yue-ga1.ogg\|[kaː˥]\|help=no}} \|'home' \| rowspan="2" \|See Cantonese phonology
橋/桥/kìuh \|[kʰi:u˨˩] \|'bridge'
colspan="2" \| Catalan{{sfnp\|Carbonell\|Llisterri\|1992\|p=53}}	{{lang\|ca\|cors}}	{{IPA\|[ˈkɔɾs]}}	'hearts'	See Catalan phonology
colspan="2" \|Chuvash	кукка	[ku'kːɑ]	'mother's brother'
colspan="2" \| Czech	{{lang\|cs\|kost}}	{{IPA\|[kost]}}	'bone'	See Czech phonology
Danish	Standard{{Harvcoltxt\|Basbøll\|2005\|p=61}}	{{lang\|da\|gås}}	{{IPA\|[ˈkɔ̽ːs]}}	'goose'	Usually transcribed in IPA with {{angbr IPA\|ɡ̊}} or {{angbr IPA\|ɡ}}. Contrasts with aspirated form, which is usually transcribed in IPA with {{angbr IPA\|kʰ}} or {{angbr IPA\|k}}. See Danish phonology
colspan="2" \| Dutch{{sfnp\|Gussenhoven\|1992\|p=45}}	{{lang\|nl\|koning}}	{{IPA\|[ˈkoːnɪŋ]}}	'king'	See Dutch phonology
colspan="2" \| English	kiss	{{Audio-IPA\|en-us-kiss.ogg\|[kʰɪs]\|help=no}}	'kiss'	See English phonology
colspan="2" \| Esperanto	{{lang\|eo\|rakonto}}	{{IPA\|[raˈkonto]}}	'tale'	See Esperanto phonology
colspan="2" \| Estonian	kõik	{{IPA\|[kɤik]}}	'all'	See Estonian phonology
colspan="2" \| Filipino	{{lang\|fil\|kuto}}	{{IPA\|[ˈkuto]}}	'lice'
colspan="2" \| Finnish	{{lang\|fi\|kakku}}	{{IPA\|[kɑkːu]}}	'cake'	See Finnish phonology
colspan="2" \| French{{sfnp\|Fougeron\|Smith\|1993\|p=73}}	{{lang\|fr\|cabinet}}	{{IPA\|[kabinɛ]}}	'office'	See French phonology
colspan="2" \| Georgian{{sfnp\|Shosted\|Chikovani\|2006\|p=255}}	{{lang\|ka\|ქვა}}/kva	{{IPA\|[kʰva]}}	'stone'
colspan="2" \| German	{{lang\|de\|Käfig}}	{{IPA\|[ˈkʰɛːfɪç]}}	'cage'	See Standard German phonology
colspan="2" \| Greek	{{lang\|el\|καλόγερος / kalógeros}}	{{IPA\|[kaˈlo̞ʝe̞ro̞s̠]}}	'monk'	See Modern Greek phonology
colspan="2" \| Gujarati	{{lang\|gu\|કાંદો}}/kaṃde	{{IPA\|[kɑːnd̪oː]}}	'onion'	See Gujarati phonology
colspan="2" \| Hebrew	{{lang\|he\|כסף / kesef}}	{{IPA\|[ˈkesef]}}	'money'	See Modern Hebrew phonology
colspan="2" \| Hiligaynon	{{lang\|hil\|kadlaw}}	{{IPA\|[kad̪law]}}	'laugh'
colspan="2" \| Hindustani	{{lang\|hi\|काम}} / {{lang\|ur\|کام\|rtl=yes}}	{{IPA\|[kɑːm]}}	'work'	Contrasts with aspirated form. See Hindustani phonology
colspan="2" rowspan="2" \|Hokkien \|{{lang\|cmn-Hani\|歌}}/{{lang\|nan-Latn\|koa}} \|{{IPA\|[kua˧˨]}} \|'song' \| rowspan="2" \|See Hokkien phonology
區/区/khu \|[kʰu˧˨] \|'district'
Hmong \| White Hmong	{{script\|Hmng\|𖬀𖬶}} / {{lang\|hmv-Latn\|keeb}}	{{IPA\|[kẽ˦]}}	'origin', 'beginning', or 'male name'
colspan="2" \| Hungarian	{{lang\|hu\|akkor}}	{{IPA\|[ɒkkor]}}	'then'	See Hungarian phonology
colspan="2" \|Ibaloi \|{{lang\|ibl\|Koma}} \| \|'rubber' \|
colspan="2" \| Italian{{sfnp\|Rogers\|d'Arcangeli\|2004\|p=117}}	{{lang\|it\|casa}}	{{IPA\|[ˈkäːzä]}}	'house'	See Italian phonology
colspan="2" \| Japanese{{sfnp\|Okada\|1999\|p=117}}	{{lang\|ja\|鞄}} / {{lang\|ja-Latn\|kaban}}	{{IPA\|[kabaɴ]}}	'handbag'	See Japanese phonology
colspan="2" \| Kagayanen{{sfnp\|Olson\|Mielke\|Sanicas-Daguman\|Pebley\|2010\|pp=206–207}}	{{lang\|cgc\|kalag}}	{{IPA\|[kað̞aɡ]}}	'spirit'
colspan="2" \| Khmer	{{lang\|km\|កម្ពុជា}} / {{Transliteration\|km\|kâmpŭchéa}}	{{IPA\|[kampuciːə]}}	'Cambodia'	See Khmer phonology
colspan="2" \| Korean	감자 / {{lang\|ko-Latn\|kamja}}	{{IPA\|[kamdʑa]}}	'potato'	See Korean phonology
colspan="2" \| Lakota	kimímela	{{IPA\|[kɪˈmɪmela]}}	'butterfly'
colspan="2" \| Luxembourgish{{Harvcoltxt\|Gilles\|Trouvain\|2013\|pp=67–68}}	{{lang\|lb\|geess}}	{{IPA\|[ˈkeːs]}}	'goat'	Less often voiced {{IPAblink\|ɡ}}. It is usually transcribed in IPA as {{angbr\|ɡ}}, and it contrasts with aspirated form, which is usually transcribed {{angbr\|k}}. See Luxembourgish phonology
colspan="2" \| Macedonian	кој	{{IPA\|[kɔj]}}	'who'	See Macedonian phonology
colspan="2" \| Marathi	{{lang\|mr\|कवच}}	{{IPA\|[kəʋət͡s]}}	'armour'	Contrasts with aspirated form. See Marathi phonology
colspan="2" \| Malay	{{lang\|ms\|kaki}}	{{IPA\|[käki]}}	'leg'	Unreleased in syllable codas in some words, See Malay phonology
colspan="2" \| Malayalam	കഥ/kada	{{IPA\|[käd̪ʰä]}}	'story'	See Malayalam phonology
colspan="2" rowspan="2" \|Mandarin \|{{lang\|cmn-Hani\|高}}/{{lang\|cmn-Latn\|gāo}} \|{{Audio-IPA\|Zh-gāo.ogg\|[kɑʊ˥]\|help=no}} \|'high' \| rowspan="2" \|See Mandarin phonology
{{lang\|cmn-Hani\|考}}/{{lang\|cmn-Latn\|kǎo}} \|[kʰɑʊ˨˩˦] \|'roast' (v.)
colspan="2" \| Nepali	{{lang\|Ne\|केरा}}	{{IPA\|[keɾä]}}	'banana'	Contrasts with aspirated form. See Nepali phonology
colspan="2" \| Norwegian	{{lang\|no\|kake}}	{{IPA\|[kɑːkə]}}	'cake'	See Norwegian phonology
colspan="2" \| Odia	{{lang\|or\|କାମ}}/kāma	{{IPA\|[kämɔ]}}	'work'	Contrasts with aspirated form.
colspan="2" \| Pashto	{{lang\|ps\|كال\|rtl=yes}}/kal	{{IPA\|[kɑl]}}	'year'
colspan="2" \|Persian \|کارد/kārd \|[kɑrd] \|'knife' \|
colspan="2" \| Polish{{sfnp\|Jassem\|2003\|p=103}}	{{lang\|pl\|buk}}	{{Audio-IPA\|Pl-buk.ogg\|[ˈbuk]}}	'beech tree'	See Polish phonology
colspan="2" \| Portuguese{{sfnp\|Cruz-Ferreira\|1995\|p=91}}	{{lang\|pt\|corpo}}	{{IPA\|[ˈkoɾpu]}}	'body'	See Portuguese phonology
colspan="2" \| Punjabi	{{lang\|pa\|ਕਰ}}/کر/kar	{{IPA\|[kəɾ]}}	'do'	Contrasts with aspirated form.
colspan="2" \| RomanianDEX Online: [http://dexonline.ro/search.php?cuv=c]	{{lang\|ro\|când}}	{{IPA\|[ˈkɨnd]}}	'when'	See Romanian phonology
colspan="2" \| Russian{{sfnp\|Padgett\|2003\|p=42}}	{{lang\|ru\|короткий}}/korotkij	{{Audio-IPA\|Ru-короткий.ogg\|[kɐˈrotkʲɪj]}}	'short'	See Russian phonology
colspan="2" \| Serbo-Croatian{{sfnp\|Landau\|Lončarića\|Horga\|Škarić\|1999\|p=66}}	{{lang\|sh-Cyrl\|кост}} / {{lang\|sh-Latn\|kost}}	{{IPA\|[kȏːs̪t̪]}}	'bone'	See Serbo-Croatian phonology
colspan="2" \| Slovak	{{lang\|sk\|kosť}}	{{IPA\|[kɔ̝sc]}}	'bone'	See Slovak phonology
colspan="2" \|Slovene \|{{lang\|sl\|kost\|italic=yes}} \|{{IPA\|[ˈkôːs̪t̪]}} \|'bone' \|Aspirated before close vowels. See Slovene phonology
colspan="2" \| Spanish{{sfnp\|Martínez-Celdrán\|Fernández-Planas\|Carrera-Sabaté\|2003\|p=255}}	{{lang\|es\|casa}}	{{IPA\|[ˈkäsä]}}	'house'	See Spanish phonology
colspan="2" \| Swedish	{{lang\|sv\|ko}}	{{IPA\|[ˈkʰuː]}}	'cow'	See Swedish phonology
colspan="2" \| Sylheti	{{lang\|syl\|ꠇꠤꠔꠣ}}/kita	{{IPA\|[kɪt̪à]}}	'what'
colspan="2" \| Tamil	கல்/Kal	{{IPA\|[kəl]}}	'rock'	See Tamil phonology
colspan="2" \| Telugu	కాకి/kāki	{{IPA\|[kāki]}}	'crow'	Contrasts with aspirated form.
colspan="2" \| Thai \|ไก่\|{{lang\|th\|ไก่}}/kị̀ \|{{IPA\|[kaj˨˩]}} \|'chicken'	Contrasts with an aspirated form.
colspan="2" \| Turkish	{{lang\|tr\|kulak}}	{{IPA\|[kʰuɫäk]}}	'ear'	See Turkish phonology
colspan="2" \| Ubykh	кауар/kawar \|{{IPA\|[kawar]}} \| 'slat'	Found mostly in loanwords. See Ubykh phonology
colspan="2" \| Ukrainian{{sfnp\|Danyenko\|Vakulenko\|1995\|p=4}}	{{lang\|uk\|колесо}}/koleso	{{IPA\|[ˈkɔɫɛsɔ]}}	'wheel'	See Ukrainian phonology
colspan="2" \| Vietnamese{{sfnp\|Thompson\|1959\|pp=458–461}}	{{lang\|vi\|cam}}	{{IPA\|[kam]}}	'orange'	See Vietnamese phonology
colspan="2" \|Welsh \|calon \|[kʰalɔn] \|'heart' \|See Welsh phonology
colspan="2" \| West Frisian	{{lang\|fy\|keal}}	{{IPA\|[kɪəl]}}	'calf'	See West Frisian phonology
colspan="2" \| Yi	{{lang\|ii\|ꇰ}} / {{lang\|ii-Latn\|ge}}	{{IPA\|[kɤ˧]}}	'foolish'	Contrasts aspirated and unaspirated forms.
Zapotec	Tilquiapan{{sfnp\|Merrill\|2008\|p=108}}	canza	{{IPA\|[kanza]}}	'walking'

Notes

References

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External links

{{phoible|k}}

Category:Velar consonants

Category:Voiceless stops

Category:Pulmonic consonants

Category:Central consonants

class="wikitable" !colspan="2" \| Language!!Word!!IPA!!Meaning!!Notes
colspan="2" \| Abkhaz	{{lang\|ab\|ақалақь}}/ak̇halak̇h'	{{IPA\|[ˈakalakʲ]}}	'the city'	See Abkhaz phonology
rowspan="2" \|Adyghe	Shapsug	{{lang\|ady-Cyrl\|кьэт}}/k′ėt	{{Audio-IPA\|кьэт.ogg\|[kʲat]}}	'chicken'	rowspan="2" \| Dialectal; corresponds to {{IPA\|[t͡ʃ]}} in other dialects.
Temirgoy	{{lang\|ady-Cyrl\|пскэн}}/pskėn	{{IPA\|[pskan]}}	'to cough'
colspan="2" \| Ahtna	gistaann	{{IPA\|[kɪstʰɐːn]}}	'six'
colspan="2" \| Aleut{{sfnp\|Ladefoged\|2005\|p=165}}	{{lang\|ale-Latn\|kiikax̂}}	{{IPA\|[kiːkaχ]}}	'cranberry bush'
Arabic	Modern Standard{{sfnp\|Thelwall\|1990\|p=37}}	{{lang\|ar\|كتب\|rtl=yes}}/kataba	{{IPA\|[ˈkatabɐ]}}	'he wrote'	See Arabic phonology
Armenian	Eastern{{sfnp\|Dum-Tragut\|2009\|p=13}}	{{lang\|hy\|քաղաք}}/ k'aġak'/k'aghak	{{IPA\|[kʰɑˈʁɑkʰ]}}	'town'	Contrasts with unaspirated form.
colspan="2" \| Assamese	{{lang\|as\|কম}}/kom	{{IPA\|[kɔm]}}	'less'
colspan="2" \| Assyrian	ܟܬܒ̣ܐ {{lang\|aii-Latn\|ctava}}	{{IPA\|[ktava}}]	'book'	Used in most varieties, with the exception of the Urmia and Nochiya dialects where it corresponds to {{IPAblink\|t͡ʃ}}.
colspan="2" \| Basque	{{lang\|bas\|katu}}	{{IPA\|[kat̪u]}}	'cat'
colspan="2" \| Bengali	{{lang\|bn\|কম}}/kom	{{IPA\|[kɔm]}}	'less'	Contrasts with aspirated form. See Bengali phonology
colspan="2" \| Bulgarian	{{lang\|bg\|как}}/kak	{{IPA\|[kak]}}	'how'	See Bulgarian phonology
colspan="2" rowspan="2" \|Cantonese \|{{lang\|yue-Hani\|家}}/{{lang\|yue-Latn\|gā}} \|{{Audio-IPA\|Yue-ga1.ogg\|[kaː˥]\|help=no}} \|'home' \| rowspan="2" \|See Cantonese phonology
橋/桥/kìuh \|[kʰi:u˨˩] \|'bridge'
colspan="2" \| Catalan{{sfnp\|Carbonell\|Llisterri\|1992\|p=53}}	{{lang\|ca\|cors}}	{{IPA\|[ˈkɔɾs]}}	'hearts'	See Catalan phonology
colspan="2" \|Chuvash	кукка	[ku'kːɑ]	'mother's brother'
colspan="2" \| Czech	{{lang\|cs\|kost}}	{{IPA\|[kost]}}	'bone'	See Czech phonology
Danish	Standard{{Harvcoltxt\|Basbøll\|2005\|p=61}}	{{lang\|da\|gås}}	{{IPA\|[ˈkɔ̽ːs]}}	'goose'	Usually transcribed in IPA with {{angbr IPA\|ɡ̊}} or {{angbr IPA\|ɡ}}. Contrasts with aspirated form, which is usually transcribed in IPA with {{angbr IPA\|kʰ}} or {{angbr IPA\|k}}. See Danish phonology
colspan="2" \| Dutch{{sfnp\|Gussenhoven\|1992\|p=45}}	{{lang\|nl\|koning}}	{{IPA\|[ˈkoːnɪŋ]}}	'king'	See Dutch phonology
colspan="2" \| English	kiss	{{Audio-IPA\|en-us-kiss.ogg\|[kʰɪs]\|help=no}}	'kiss'	See English phonology
colspan="2" \| Esperanto	{{lang\|eo\|rakonto}}	{{IPA\|[raˈkonto]}}	'tale'	See Esperanto phonology
colspan="2" \| Estonian	kõik	{{IPA\|[kɤik]}}	'all'	See Estonian phonology
colspan="2" \| Filipino	{{lang\|fil\|kuto}}	{{IPA\|[ˈkuto]}}	'lice'
colspan="2" \| Finnish	{{lang\|fi\|kakku}}	{{IPA\|[kɑkːu]}}	'cake'	See Finnish phonology
colspan="2" \| French{{sfnp\|Fougeron\|Smith\|1993\|p=73}}	{{lang\|fr\|cabinet}}	{{IPA\|[kabinɛ]}}	'office'	See French phonology
colspan="2" \| Georgian{{sfnp\|Shosted\|Chikovani\|2006\|p=255}}	{{lang\|ka\|ქვა}}/kva	{{IPA\|[kʰva]}}	'stone'
colspan="2" \| German	{{lang\|de\|Käfig}}	{{IPA\|[ˈkʰɛːfɪç]}}	'cage'	See Standard German phonology
colspan="2" \| Greek	{{lang\|el\|καλόγερος / kalógeros}}	{{IPA\|[kaˈlo̞ʝe̞ro̞s̠]}}	'monk'	See Modern Greek phonology
colspan="2" \| Gujarati	{{lang\|gu\|કાંદો}}/kaṃde	{{IPA\|[kɑːnd̪oː]}}	'onion'	See Gujarati phonology
colspan="2" \| Hebrew	{{lang\|he\|כסף / kesef}}	{{IPA\|[ˈkesef]}}	'money'	See Modern Hebrew phonology
colspan="2" \| Hiligaynon	{{lang\|hil\|kadlaw}}	{{IPA\|[kad̪law]}}	'laugh'
colspan="2" \| Hindustani	{{lang\|hi\|काम}} / {{lang\|ur\|کام\|rtl=yes}}	{{IPA\|[kɑːm]}}	'work'	Contrasts with aspirated form. See Hindustani phonology
colspan="2" rowspan="2" \|Hokkien \|{{lang\|cmn-Hani\|歌}}/{{lang\|nan-Latn\|koa}} \|{{IPA\|[kua˧˨]}} \|'song' \| rowspan="2" \|See Hokkien phonology
區/区/khu \|[kʰu˧˨] \|'district'
Hmong \| White Hmong	{{script\|Hmng\|𖬀𖬶}} / {{lang\|hmv-Latn\|keeb}}	{{IPA\|[kẽ˦]}}	'origin', 'beginning', or 'male name'
colspan="2" \| Hungarian	{{lang\|hu\|akkor}}	{{IPA\|[ɒkkor]}}	'then'	See Hungarian phonology
colspan="2" \|Ibaloi \|{{lang\|ibl\|Koma}} \| \|'rubber' \|
colspan="2" \| Italian{{sfnp\|Rogers\|d'Arcangeli\|2004\|p=117}}	{{lang\|it\|casa}}	{{IPA\|[ˈkäːzä]}}	'house'	See Italian phonology
colspan="2" \| Japanese{{sfnp\|Okada\|1999\|p=117}}	{{lang\|ja\|鞄}} / {{lang\|ja-Latn\|kaban}}	{{IPA\|[kabaɴ]}}	'handbag'	See Japanese phonology
colspan="2" \| Kagayanen{{sfnp\|Olson\|Mielke\|Sanicas-Daguman\|Pebley\|2010\|pp=206–207}}	{{lang\|cgc\|kalag}}	{{IPA\|[kað̞aɡ]}}	'spirit'
colspan="2" \| Khmer	{{lang\|km\|កម្ពុជា}} / {{Transliteration\|km\|kâmpŭchéa}}	{{IPA\|[kampuciːə]}}	'Cambodia'	See Khmer phonology
colspan="2" \| Korean	감자 / {{lang\|ko-Latn\|kamja}}	{{IPA\|[kamdʑa]}}	'potato'	See Korean phonology
colspan="2" \| Lakota	kimímela	{{IPA\|[kɪˈmɪmela]}}	'butterfly'
colspan="2" \| Luxembourgish{{Harvcoltxt\|Gilles\|Trouvain\|2013\|pp=67–68}}	{{lang\|lb\|geess}}	{{IPA\|[ˈkeːs]}}	'goat'	Less often voiced {{IPAblink\|ɡ}}. It is usually transcribed in IPA as {{angbr\|ɡ}}, and it contrasts with aspirated form, which is usually transcribed {{angbr\|k}}. See Luxembourgish phonology
colspan="2" \| Macedonian	кој	{{IPA\|[kɔj]}}	'who'	See Macedonian phonology
colspan="2" \| Marathi	{{lang\|mr\|कवच}}	{{IPA\|[kəʋət͡s]}}	'armour'	Contrasts with aspirated form. See Marathi phonology
colspan="2" \| Malay	{{lang\|ms\|kaki}}	{{IPA\|[käki]}}	'leg'	Unreleased in syllable codas in some words, See Malay phonology
colspan="2" \| Malayalam	കഥ/kada	{{IPA\|[käd̪ʰä]}}	'story'	See Malayalam phonology
colspan="2" rowspan="2" \|Mandarin \|{{lang\|cmn-Hani\|高}}/{{lang\|cmn-Latn\|gāo}} \|{{Audio-IPA\|Zh-gāo.ogg\|[kɑʊ˥]\|help=no}} \|'high' \| rowspan="2" \|See Mandarin phonology
{{lang\|cmn-Hani\|考}}/{{lang\|cmn-Latn\|kǎo}} \|[kʰɑʊ˨˩˦] \|'roast' (v.)
colspan="2" \| Nepali	{{lang\|Ne\|केरा}}	{{IPA\|[keɾä]}}	'banana'	Contrasts with aspirated form. See Nepali phonology
colspan="2" \| Norwegian	{{lang\|no\|kake}}	{{IPA\|[kɑːkə]}}	'cake'	See Norwegian phonology
colspan="2" \| Odia	{{lang\|or\|କାମ}}/kāma	{{IPA\|[kämɔ]}}	'work'	Contrasts with aspirated form.
colspan="2" \| Pashto	{{lang\|ps\|كال\|rtl=yes}}/kal	{{IPA\|[kɑl]}}	'year'
colspan="2" \|Persian \|کارد/kārd \|[kɑrd] \|'knife' \|
colspan="2" \| Polish{{sfnp\|Jassem\|2003\|p=103}}	{{lang\|pl\|buk}}	{{Audio-IPA\|Pl-buk.ogg\|[ˈbuk]}}	'beech tree'	See Polish phonology
colspan="2" \| Portuguese{{sfnp\|Cruz-Ferreira\|1995\|p=91}}	{{lang\|pt\|corpo}}	{{IPA\|[ˈkoɾpu]}}	'body'	See Portuguese phonology
colspan="2" \| Punjabi	{{lang\|pa\|ਕਰ}}/کر/kar	{{IPA\|[kəɾ]}}	'do'	Contrasts with aspirated form.
colspan="2" \| RomanianDEX Online: [http://dexonline.ro/search.php?cuv=c]	{{lang\|ro\|când}}	{{IPA\|[ˈkɨnd]}}	'when'	See Romanian phonology
colspan="2" \| Russian{{sfnp\|Padgett\|2003\|p=42}}	{{lang\|ru\|короткий}}/korotkij	{{Audio-IPA\|Ru-короткий.ogg\|[kɐˈrotkʲɪj]}}	'short'	See Russian phonology
colspan="2" \| Serbo-Croatian{{sfnp\|Landau\|Lončarića\|Horga\|Škarić\|1999\|p=66}}	{{lang\|sh-Cyrl\|кост}} / {{lang\|sh-Latn\|kost}}	{{IPA\|[kȏːs̪t̪]}}	'bone'	See Serbo-Croatian phonology
colspan="2" \| Slovak	{{lang\|sk\|kosť}}	{{IPA\|[kɔ̝sc]}}	'bone'	See Slovak phonology
colspan="2" \|Slovene \|{{lang\|sl\|kost\|italic=yes}} \|{{IPA\|[ˈkôːs̪t̪]}} \|'bone' \|Aspirated before close vowels. See Slovene phonology
colspan="2" \| Spanish{{sfnp\|Martínez-Celdrán\|Fernández-Planas\|Carrera-Sabaté\|2003\|p=255}}	{{lang\|es\|casa}}	{{IPA\|[ˈkäsä]}}	'house'	See Spanish phonology
colspan="2" \| Swedish	{{lang\|sv\|ko}}	{{IPA\|[ˈkʰuː]}}	'cow'	See Swedish phonology
colspan="2" \| Sylheti	{{lang\|syl\|ꠇꠤꠔꠣ}}/kita	{{IPA\|[kɪt̪à]}}	'what'
colspan="2" \| Tamil	கல்/Kal	{{IPA\|[kəl]}}	'rock'	See Tamil phonology
colspan="2" \| Telugu	కాకి/kāki	{{IPA\|[kāki]}}	'crow'	Contrasts with aspirated form.
colspan="2" \| Thai \|ไก่\|{{lang\|th\|ไก่}}/kị̀ \|{{IPA\|[kaj˨˩]}} \|'chicken'	Contrasts with an aspirated form.
colspan="2" \| Turkish	{{lang\|tr\|kulak}}	{{IPA\|[kʰuɫäk]}}	'ear'	See Turkish phonology
colspan="2" \| Ubykh	кауар/kawar \|{{IPA\|[kawar]}} \| 'slat'	Found mostly in loanwords. See Ubykh phonology
colspan="2" \| Ukrainian{{sfnp\|Danyenko\|Vakulenko\|1995\|p=4}}	{{lang\|uk\|колесо}}/koleso	{{IPA\|[ˈkɔɫɛsɔ]}}	'wheel'	See Ukrainian phonology
colspan="2" \| Vietnamese{{sfnp\|Thompson\|1959\|pp=458–461}}	{{lang\|vi\|cam}}	{{IPA\|[kam]}}	'orange'	See Vietnamese phonology
colspan="2" \|Welsh \|calon \|[kʰalɔn] \|'heart' \|See Welsh phonology
colspan="2" \| West Frisian	{{lang\|fy\|keal}}	{{IPA\|[kɪəl]}}	'calf'	See West Frisian phonology
colspan="2" \| Yi	{{lang\|ii\|ꇰ}} / {{lang\|ii-Latn\|ge}}	{{IPA\|[kɤ˧]}}	'foolish'	Contrasts aspirated and unaspirated forms.
Zapotec	Tilquiapan{{sfnp\|Merrill\|2008\|p=108}}	canza	{{IPA\|[kanza]}}	'walking'

Voiceless velar plosive

Features

Varieties

Occurrence

See also

Notes

References

External links