Paroaria
{{Short description|Genus of birds}}
{{automatic taxobox
| image = ParoariaHart_clean.png
| image_caption = Top left: Paroaria coronata
Top right: Paroaria dominicana
Left center: Paroaria nigrogenis
Right center: Paroaria gularis gularis
Bottom left: Paroaria capitata
Bottom right: Paroaria g. cervicalis
| image2 = Red-headed Cardinal - September 11, 2022 - Marco Di Iorio.jpg
| image2_caption = Paroaria coronata in Buenos Aires, Argentina
| taxon = Paroaria
| authority = Bonaparte, 1832
| type_species = Fringilla cucullata{{cite web |url= https://www.aviansystematics.org/4th-edition-checklist?viewfamilies=202 |title= Thraupidae |author= |date= |website= aviansystematics.org |publisher= The Trust for Avian Systematics |access-date= 2023-07-16}} =Loxia coronata
| type_species_authority = Vieillot
| subdivision_ranks = Species
| subdivision = See text
}}
File:Paroaria coronata eating.JPG
Paroaria, the red-headed cardinals or cardinal-tanagers (as they are not close to the Cardinalidae), are a genus of tanagers. They were until recently placed in the family Emberizidae.
Five or six species are placed here. They are all very similar-looking birds, with heads resembling that of a northern cardinal (Cardinalis cardinalis, a true member of the Cardinalidae), though they are somewhat more slender, in particular the rather tanager-like bill.
Their coloration is also typical; they are quite unlike any Cardinalidae, though they bear a passing resemblance to adult male rose-breasted grosbeak (Pheucticus ludovicianus). Like these, they are white below and dark above (grey to blackish in the case of Paroaria). But unlike P. ludovicianus, they have no conspicuous pattern except for the head, which has large amounts of bright red; it may be predominantly so or patterned red-and-black. Almost all Paroaria have at least a short crest. The bill is yellowish below or in its entirety.
Taxonomy and species list
The genus Paroaria was introduced in 1832 by the French naturalist Charles Lucien Bonaparte with the red-crested cardinal as the type species.{{ cite journal | last=Bonaparte | first=Charles Lucien | author-link=Charles Lucien Bonaparte | year=1832 | title=Aggiunte e correzioni relative agli animali vertebrati a sangue caldo | language=Italian | journal=Giornale Arcadico di Scienze, Lettre ed Arti | volume=52 | pages=190–209 [206] | url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/10035993 }}{{ cite book | editor-last=Paynter | editor-first=Raymond A. Jr | year=1970 | title=Check-List of Birds of the World | volume=13 | publisher=Museum of Comparative Zoology | place=Cambridge, Massachusetts | page=212 | url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/14483447 }} The name is from Tiéguacú paroára, a name for a small yellow, red and grey bird in the extinct Tupi language.{{cite book | last=Jobling | first=James A. | year=2010| title=The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names | publisher=Christopher Helm | location=London | isbn=978-1-4081-2501-4 | page=293 | url=https://archive.org/stream/Helm_Dictionary_of_Scientific_Bird_Names_by_James_A._Jobling#page/n293/mode/1up }}
{{Species table |genus= Paroaria |authority-name=Bonaparte |authority-year=1832 |species-count=six|no-note=y|narrow-percent=75}}
{{Species table/row
|name= Red-crested cardinal|binomial=Paroaria coronata
|image=File:Paroaria coronata -Koke'e State Park, Hawaii, USA-8.jpg|image-size=180px |image-alt=|image-caption=Male
|image2 =File:Red-crested cardinal swanzy beach park DSC 1366-topaz-denoiseraw.jpg|image2-caption=Female
|authority-name=Miller, JF|authority-year=1776 |authority-not-original=yes
|range= Northern Argentina, Bolivia, Paraguay, Uruguay, Brazil's Rio Grande do Sul and southern part of the Pantanal. Introduced to the Hawaiian Islands.
|range-image=File:Paroaria coronata map.svg
|range-image-size=180px
|size=
|habitat=
|hunting=
|iucn-status= LC
|population=
|direction=
|subspecies=
}}
{{Species table/row
|name=Red-cowled cardinal |binomial=Paroaria dominicana
|image=File:Paroaria dominicana05.jpg|image-size=180px |image-alt=
|authority-name=Linnaeus|authority-year=1758 |authority-not-original=yes
|range= Brazil.
|range-image=File:Paroaria dominicana map.svg
|range-image-size=180px
|size=
|habitat=
|hunting=
|iucn-status= LC
|population=
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|subspecies=
}}
{{Species table/row
|name=Red-capped cardinal |binomial=Paroaria gularis
|image=File:Paroaria gularis, Red-capped Cardinal (cropped).jpg|image-size=180px |image-alt=
|authority-name=Linnaeus |authority-year=1766 |authority-not-original=yes
|range= Guianas, Venezuela, eastern Colombia, eastern Ecuador, eastern Peru, northern and eastern Bolivia and the Amazon basin in Brazil.
|range-image=File:Paroaria gularis map.svg
|range-image-size=180px
|size=
|habitat=
|hunting=
|iucn-status= LC
|population=
|direction=
|subspecies={{Collapsible list |expand=yes |title=Two subspecies |bullets=on
| P. g. gularis (Linnaeus, 1766)
| P. g. cervicalis Sclater, PL, 1862
}}
}}
{{Species table/row
|name=Masked cardinal |binomial=Paroaria nigrogenis
|image=File:Red-capped Cardinal.jpg|image-size=180px |image-alt=
|authority-name=Lafresnaye|authority-year= 1846 |authority-not-original=yes
|range= Trinidad, far north-eastern Colombia and northern Venezuela
|range-image=File:Paroaria nigrogenis map.svg
|range-image-size=180px
|size=
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|hunting=
|iucn-status= LC
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{{Species table/row
|name= Crimson-fronted cardinal|binomial=Paroaria baeri
|image=File:Paroaria baeri Araguaia Cardinal; river Araguaia, Aruanã, Goiás, Brazil 03.jpg|image-size=180px |image-alt=
|authority-name=Hellmayr |authority-year=1907 |authority-not-original=
|range= Brazil
|range-image=File:Paroaria baeri map.svg
|range-image-size=180px
|size=
|habitat=
|hunting=
|iucn-status= LC
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{{Species table/row
|name=Yellow-billed cardinal |binomial=Paroaria capitata
|image=File:Yellow-billed cardinal (Paroaria capitata).JPG|image-size=180px |image-alt=
|authority-name=d'Orbigny & Lafresnaye|authority-year= 1837 |authority-not-original=yes
|range= Brazil, Paraguay, Bolivia, Uruguay, and northern Argentina. Introduced to the Hawaiian islands.
|range-image=File:Paroaria capitata map.svg
|range-image-size=180px
|size=
|habitat=
|hunting=
|iucn-status= LC
|population=
|direction=
|subspecies=
}}
{{Species table/end}}
References
{{reflist}}
{{commons category-inline|Paroaria}}
{{Passeroidea|T.|state=collapsed}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q1078332}}
Category:Taxa named by Charles Lucien Bonaparte
{{Thraupidae-stub}}