Paul A. Chase

{{Infobox officeholder

|name = Paul A. Chase

|image = Paul A. Chase, Special Asst. to Attny. General LCCN2016850545 (face).jpg

|alt = Paul A. Chase photo

|caption = Paul A. Chase in 1925

|office1 = Associate Justice of the Vermont Supreme Court

|term_start1 = 1953

|term_end1 = 1956

|predecessor1 = Stephen S. Cushing

|successor1 = James Stuart Holden

|office2 = Chief Judge of the Vermont Superior Court

|term_start2 = March 1, 1953

|term_end2 = June 16, 1953

|predecessor2 = Orrin B. Hughes

|successor2 = Benjamin N. Hulburd

|office3 = Judge of the Vermont Superior Court

|term_start3 = 1948

|term_end3 = 1953

|predecessor3 = Walter H. Cleary

|successor3 = Harold C. Sylvester

|office4 = Chairman of the Vermont Public Service Commission

|term_start4 = 1947

|term_end4 = 1948

|predecessor4 = Fletcher D. P. Plumley

|successor4 = James Stuart Holden

|office5 = Member of the Vermont House of Representatives from Ludlow

|term_start5 = January 1947

|term_end5 = April 1947

|predecessor5 = Henry D. Vail

|successor5 = Wallace C. Schinoski

|office6 = President of the Vermont Bar Association

|term_start6 = 1945

|term_end6 = 1946

|predecessor6 = Leonard F. Wing

|successor6 = Harold C. Sylvester

|birth_date = {{Birth date|1895|11|13}}

|birth_place = Whitingham, Vermont

|death_date = {{Death date and age|1963|7|31|1895|11|13}}

|death_place = Townshend, Vermont

|restingplace = Morningside Cemetery, Brattleboro, Vermont

|nationality = American

|spouse = Doris Eleanor Dexter (m. 1926)

|children = 1

|relations = Harrie B. Chase (brother)

|education = Amherst College (attended)

|occupation = Attorney
Military officer
Public official

|allegiance = {{Flagu|United States|1960}}

|branch = {{flag|United States Army}}

|serviceyears = 1918–19, 1942-1947 (Army)
1919–1923, 1934-1938, 1947-1948 (National Guard)
1938-1942 (Army Reserve)

|battles = World War I
World War II

|rank = File:Army-USA-OF-05.svg Colonel

|mawards = Bronze Star Medal

}}

Paul A. Chase (November 13, 1895 – July 31, 1963) was a Vermont military officer, attorney, and public official. He served as an associate justice of the Vermont Supreme Court from 1953 to 1956.

The son of a prominent attorney and brother of Harrie B. Chase, who served as a federal judge, Paul Chase was born in Whitingham, Vermont, and raised in Brattleboro. He attended Amherst College, served in the Army during World War I, and returned home to study law with his father and brother. After admission to the bar, Chase served in prominent government positions during the 1920s including state commissioner of taxes and special assistant to the United States Attorney General.

After practicing law in Vermont throughout the 1930s, and serving in the National Guard and organized Reserve, Chase returned to active duty for World War II and attained the rank of colonel as a member of the Judge Advocate General Corps. After service in the Pacific and with units in the United States, he returned to Vermont to resume practicing law. His post-war ascent was rapid and he moved quickly from member of the Vermont House of Representatives to Chairman of the Vermont Public Service Commission to Judge of the Vermont Superior Court.

In 1953, Chase was appointed an Associate Justice of the Vermont Supreme Court and he served until increasingly ill health forced him to retire in 1956. Chase died in Townshend, Vermont, and was buried in Brattleboro.

Early life

Paul Addison Chase was born in Whitingham, Vermont, on November 13, 1895, the son of attorney Charles Sumner Chase and Carrie (Brigham) Chase.{{sfn|"Vermont Vital Records, 1720-1908, Birth Entry for Paul Addison Chase"}}{{sfn|"Vermont Death Records, 1909-2008, Entry for Paul Addison Chase"}} His siblings included Harrie B. Chase, who served on the Vermont Supreme Court and the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit.{{sfn|"Former Jurist Paul Chase Dies"|page=20}} Chase was raised in Brattleboro, and he graduated from Brattleboro High School in 1914.{{sfn|Report of Proceedings of the Annual Meeting|page=39}} Chase attended Amherst College as a member of the class of 1918, and left during his junior year to join the United States Army for World War I.{{sfn|Report of Proceedings of the Annual Meeting|page=39}}

World War I

First assigned to the 151st Depot Brigade at Camp Devens, Massachusetts, after completing his initial training Chase was assigned to the 304th Infantry Regiment a subordinate command of the 76th Division.{{sfn|Roster of Vermont Men and Women in the World War|page=241}} By September 1918, Chase was attending the signal school at the 1st Depot Division in France, where he was trained to lay telephone cable and install and operate field telephones and switchboards.{{sfn|Roster of Vermont Men and Women in the World War|page=241}}{{sfn|"From the Boys in the Service" (October 10, 1918)|page=5}} Subsequently, assigned to the headquarters of the 148th Infantry Regiment, a unit of the 37th Division, he took part in combat during October and November, including the Battle of Saint-Mihiel, and fighting around Avocourt during the Meuse-Argonne Offensive.{{sfn|Roster of Vermont Men and Women in the World War|page=241}}{{sfn|"From the Boys in the Service" (October 25, 1918)|page=5}}{{sfn|"Corporal Chase Receives Discharge"|page=1}}

Chase remained in Europe for post-war occupation duty, and was promoted to corporal in December 1918.{{sfn|Roster of Vermont Men and Women in the World War|page=241}}{{sfn|"Corporal Chase Receives Discharge"|page=1}} He returned to the United States in April 1919, and was discharged at Camp Devens.{{sfn|Roster of Vermont Men and Women in the World War|page=241}}{{sfn|"Corporal Chase Receives Discharge"|page=1}} After the war, he took part in organizing the American Legion in Vermont, and was the state organization's first finance officer.{{sfn|"American Legion Post Organizes"|page=1}}

Following his discharge from the Army, Chase joined the Vermont National Guard's 43rd Infantry Division.{{sfn|Official National Guard Register|page=217}} He was promoted to sergeant, and served until being discharged in 1923.{{sfn|Official National Guard Register|page=217}}

Interwar career

After the war, Chase studied law with his father and brother.{{sfn|"Corporal Chase Receives Discharge"|page=1}} In January 1921, he was appointed assistant secretary of the Vermont Senate,{{sfn|"Governors' Messages"|page=8}} and in March, he was elected Brattleboro's grand juror (prosecutor in the municipal court).{{sfn|"Result of the Vote for Town Officers"|page=1}} Chase was admitted to the bar in 1922, and practiced as a member of his father's firm.{{sfn|"Paul A. Chase Passes Bar Exams"|page=1}}

In February 1925, Chase was appointed as Vermont's Commissioner of Taxes.{{sfn|"Paul A. Chase of Brattleboro to Succeed Col. F. B. Thomas as Tax Commissioner"|page=1}} He served until July 1925, when he resigned in order to accept appointment as special assistant to John G. Sargent during Sargent's term as United States Attorney General.{{sfn|"Photo Caption: Paul A. Chase of Brattleboro..."|page=6}} After Sargent left office at the end of Calvin Coolidge's presidency in 1929, Chase remained on the staff of Sargent's successor William D. Mitchell in order to facilitate the transition between Sargent and Mitchell.{{sfn|"Chase Leaves Office of Attorney General to Join Sargent Firm"|page=24}}

In July 1930, Chase joined the Ludlow law firm of Sargent and William W. Stickney.{{sfn|"Chase Leaves Office of Attorney General to Join Sargent Firm"|page=24}} He also joined the board of directors of the Ludlow Savings Bank and Trust Company, and later served as the bank's president.{{sfn|"Former Jurist Paul Chase Dies"|page=20}} In 1934, Chase returned to the National Guard and was commissioned as a captain of Infantry.{{sfn|Official National Guard Register|page=217}} In 1938, he transferred his military membership to the Organized Reserve Corps, and he was commissioned as a captain in the Judge Advocate General Corps.{{sfn|Official National Guard Register|page=217}}

World War II

During World War II, Chase was activated as a member of the 43rd Infantry Division staff, and took part in the unit's training at Camp Blanding, Florida, Camp Shelby, Mississippi, and in New Zealand.{{sfn|"New Military Science Head at Norwich"|page=2}} Assigned as the division's judge advocate, he was promoted to lieutenant colonel,{{sfn|Official National Guard Register|page=217}} and he served in the occupation of New Caledonia.{{sfn|"New Military Science Head at Norwich"|page=2}} When the 43rd Division moved on to occupy Guadalcanal and the Russell Islands, Chase was assigned to serve as judge advocate for all forces on New Caledonia, and he was promoted to colonel in June 1943.{{sfn|"New Military Science Head at Norwich"|page=2}}

In April 1944, Chase was assigned as judge advocate for the Boston-based 1st Service Command, the Army Service Forces unit that oversaw wartime personnel and logistics management for the New England Region.{{sfn|"New Military Science Head at Norwich"|page=2}} In May 1945, Chase was appointed to a two-year term as professor of military science and tactics at Norwich University.{{sfn|"New Military Science Head at Norwich"|page=2}} In May 1947, Chase was appointed to the military staff of Governor Ernest W. Gibson Jr. with the rank of colonel, and he served until becoming a judge in 1948.{{sfn|"Twelve State Board Chairmen Are Appointed"|page=2}}

Post-war political and judicial service

In 1945, Chase was elected president of the Vermont Bar Association, and he completed the one-year term left vacant by the death of Leonard F. Wing.{{sfn|"Maj.-Gen. Leonard Wing Elected President of Vermont Bar Ass'n"|page=2}}{{sfn|"Col. Paul A. Chase Commended by Army"|page=11}} In January 1946 he was elected to the board of trustees of the Vermont Soldiers Home.{{sfn|"Col. Paul A. Chase Appointed Trustee of Vt. Soldiers Home"|page=2}} In November 1946 Chase was the successful Republican nominee to represent Ludlow in the Vermont House of Representatives.{{sfn|"Representatives Elected"|page=3}}

Chase was serving in the legislature in April 1947 and was chairman of the House Judiciary Committee when he was appointed to the Vermont Public Service Commission.{{sfn|"Former Jurist Paul Chase Dies"|page=20}} He was selected to serve as the commission's chairman, and held the post until September 1948, when he was appointed a judge on the Vermont Superior Court.{{sfn|"Former Jurist Paul Chase Dies"|page=20}} He advanced through seniority to become the chief judge in March 1953, and served on the court until June 1953.{{sfn|"Former Jurist Paul Chase Dies"|page=20}}

In June 1953, Associate Justice Stephen S. Cushing resigned from the Vermont Supreme Court.{{sfn|"Sylvester Named Superior Judge; Cushing Resigns; Chase Elevated"|page=2}} Chase was appointed to the vacancy, in keeping with Vermont's tradition of promoting the chief judge of the Superior Court.{{sfn|"Sylvester Named Superior Judge; Cushing Resigns; Chase Elevated"|page=2}} In June 1956, news accounts indicated that Case and his wife were in ill health, and had gone to California to recuperate.{{sfn|"Long Absent Justice Chase in California"|page=1}} Chase had not informed the governor or the chief justice of his location or the reasons for his absence, and the court's caseload backed up because Chase did not complete or submit the opinions assigned to him to author.{{sfn|"Long Absent Justice Chase in California"|page=1}} As a result of Chase's absence, Chief Justice Olin M. Jeffords requested his resignation.{{sfn|"Long Absent Justice Chase in California"|page=1}} Chase was initially resistant, and said he intended to return to work and seek appointment to a new two-year term in 1957.{{sfn|"Colleagues Request Chase's Resignation"|page=1}} He later changed his mind, and he submitted his resignation in August 1956.{{sfn|"Colleagues Request Chase's Resignation"|page=1}} He was succeeded on the court by James Stuart Holden.{{sfn|"Judge Holden's Elevation to High Bench Points Up Rapid Turnover on Vt. Court"|page=2}}

Awards

In November 1945, Chase's World War II service was recognized with award of the Bronze Star Medal, which was presented by Leonard Wing.{{sfn|"Col. Chase Decorated"|page=2}} In 1953, Chase received the honorary degree of Master of Arts from Amherst College.{{sfn|Amherst College Bulletin|page=141}}

Retirement and death

In retirement, Chase was a resident of Newfane.{{sfn|"Former Jurist Paul Chase Dies"|page=20}} He died at the hospital in Townshend on July 31, 1963,{{sfn|"Vermont Death Records, 1909-2008, Entry for Paul Addison Chase"}}{{sfn|"Former Jurist Paul Chase Dies"|page=20}} and was buried at Morningside Cemetery in Brattleboro.{{sfn|"Vermont Death Records, 1909-2008, Entry for Paul Addison Chase"}}

Family

In 1926, Chase married Doris Eleanor Dexter of Philadelphia.{{sfn|"Miss Dexter is Bride of Paul Addison Chase"|page=2}}{{sfn|"Death Notice, Paul Addison Chase"|page=22}} They were the parents of a son, Charles Dexter Chase (1927-1999).{{sfn|"Death Notice, Paul Addison Chase"|page=22}}{{sfn|"Charles Dexter Chase in the North Carolina, Death Indexes, 1908-2004"}}

References

Sources

=Newspapers=

{{cite news |date=October 10, 1918 |title=From the Boys in the Service: Recent Letters Descriptive of the Life of the Boys in Army and Navy |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-brattleboro-daily-reformer-boys/136145745/ |work=Brattleboro Daily Reformer |location=Brattleboro, VT |via=Newspapers.com |ref={{sfnRef|"From the Boys in the Service" (October 10, 1918)}}}}
{{cite news |date=October 25, 1918 |title=From the Boys in the Service: Recent Letters Descriptive of the Life of the Boys in Army and Navy |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-brattleboro-daily-reformer-letters/136145790/ |work=Brattleboro Daily Reformer |location=Brattleboro, VT |via=Newspapers.com |ref={{sfnRef|"From the Boys in the Service" (October 25, 1918)}}}}
{{cite news |date=April 11, 1919 |title=Corporal Chase Receives Discharge |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-brattleboro-daily-reformer-corporal/136145841/ |work=Brattleboro Daily Reformer |location=Brattleboro, VT |via=Newspapers.com |ref={{sfnRef|"Corporal Chase Receives Discharge"}}}}
{{cite news |date=September 5, 1919 |title=American Legion Post Organizes |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-brattleboro-daily-reformer-legion/136145889/ |work=Brattleboro Daily Reformer |location=Brattleboro, VT |via=Newspapers.com |ref={{sfnRef|"American Legion Post Organizes"}}}}
{{cite news |date=January 13, 1921 |title=Governors' Messages: Retiring and Incoming Executives Address Legislature |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/herald-and-news-retiring/136145981/ |work=Randolph Herald and News |location=Randolph, VT |via=Newspapers.com |ref={{sfnRef|"Governors' Messages"}}}}
{{cite news |date=March 1, 1921 |title=Result of the Vote for Town Officers |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-brattleboro-daily-reformer-result/136146087/ |work=Brattleboro Daily Reformer |location=Brattleboro, VT |via=Newspapers.com |ref={{sfnRef|"Result of the Vote for Town Officers"}}}}
{{cite news |date=October 6, 1922 |title=Paul A. Chase Passes Bar Exams |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-brattleboro-daily-reformer-paul-chas/99830971/ |work=Brattleboro Daily Reformer |location=Brattleboro, VT |via=Newspapers.com |ref={{sfnRef|"Paul A. Chase Passes Bar Exams"}}}}
{{cite news |agency=Vermont Press Bureau |date=January 13, 1925 |title=Paul A. Chase of Brattleboro to Succeed Col. F. B. Thomas as Tax Commissioner |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-burlington-free-press-commissioner/136146198/ |work=Burlington Free Press |location=Burlington, VT |via=Newspapers.com |ref={{sfnRef|"Paul A. Chase of Brattleboro to Succeed Col. F. B. Thomas as Tax Commissioner"}}}}
{{cite news |date=July 31, 1925 |title=Photo Caption: Paul A. Chase of Brattleboro... |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/99831323/paul-chase/ |work=The News-Messenger |location=Fremont, OH |via=Newspapers.com |ref={{sfnRef|"Photo Caption: Paul A. Chase of Brattleboro..."}}}}
{{cite news |date=November 28, 1926 |title=Miss Dexter is Bride of Paul Addison Chase |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-philadelphia-inquirer-dexter/136146246/ |work=Philadelphia Inquirer |location=Philadelphia, PA |via=Newspapers.com |ref={{sfnRef|"Miss Dexter is Bride of Paul Addison Chase"}}}}
{{cite news |agency=Associated Press |date=July 2, 1930 |title=Chase Leaves Office of Attorney General to Join Sargent Firm |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/hartford-courant-chase-leaves/94103494/ |work=Hartford Courant |location=Hartford, VT |via=Newspapers.com |ref={{sfnRef|"Chase Leaves Office of Attorney General to Join Sargent Firm"}}}}
{{cite news |date=May 5, 1945 |title=New Military Science Head at Norwich: Col. Chase had 16 Months in South Pacific |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-burlington-free-press-military/136146374/ |work=Burlington Free Press |location=Burlington, VT |via=Newspapers.com |ref={{sfnRef|"New Military Science Head at Norwich"}}}}
{{cite news |date=October 4, 1945 |title=Maj.-Gen. Leonard Wing Elected President of Vermont Bar Ass'n |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-burlington-free-press-vermont-bar/136146431/ |work=Burlington Free Press |location=Burlington, VT |via=Newspapers.com |ref={{sfnRef|"Maj.-Gen. Leonard Wing Elected President of Vermont Bar Ass'n"}}}}
{{cite news |agency=Morning Press Bureau |date=January 4, 1946 |title=Col. Paul A. Chase Appointed Trustee of Vt. Soldiers Home |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-burlington-free-press-trustee/136146486/ |work=Burlington Free Press |location=Burlington, VT |via=Newspapers.com |ref={{sfnRef|"Col. Paul A. Chase Appointed Trustee of Vt. Soldiers Home"}}}}
{{cite news |agency=Morning Press Bureau |date=April 22, 1946 |title=Col. Paul A. Chase Commended by Army |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-burlington-free-press-commended/136146531/ |work=Burlington Free Press |location=Burlington, VT |via=Newspapers.com |ref={{sfnRef|"Col. Paul A. Chase Commended by Army"}}}}
{{cite news |date=November 8, 1946 |title=Representatives Elected |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-burlington-free-press-representative/136146621/ |work=Burlington Free Press |location=Burlington, VT |via=Newspapers.com |ref={{sfnRef|"Representatives Elected"}}}}
{{cite news |date=May 6, 1947 |title=Twelve State Board Chairmen Are Appointed |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-burlington-free-press-chairmen/136146683/ |work=Burlington Free Press |location=Burlington, VT |via=Newspapers.com |ref={{sfnRef|"Twelve State Board Chairmen Are Appointed"}}}}
{{cite news |agency=Morning Press Bureau |date=June 16, 1953 |title=Sylvester Named Superior Judge; Cushing Resigns; Chase Elevated |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-burlington-free-press-superior/136146743/ |work=Burlington Free Press |location=Burlington, VT |via=Newspapers.com |ref={{sfnRef|"Sylvester Named Superior Judge; Cushing Resigns; Chase Elevated"}}}}
{{cite news |date=June 13, 1956 |title=Long Absent Justice Chase in California |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-burlington-free-press-absent/136146785/ |work=Burlington Free Press |location=Burlington, VT |via=Newspapers.com |ref={{sfnRef|"Long Absent Justice Chase in California"}}}}
{{cite news |agency=Morning Press Bureau |date=July 27, 1956 |title=Colleagues Request Chase's Resignation |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-burlington-free-press-colleagues/136146831/ |work=Burlington Free Press |location=Burlington, VT |via=Newspapers.com |ref={{sfnRef|"Colleagues Request Chase's Resignation"}}}}
{{cite news |agency=Morning Press Bureau |date=August 4, 1956 |title=Judge Holden's Elevation to High Bench Points Up Rapid Turnover on Vt. Court |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-burlington-free-press-elevation/136146883/ |work=Burlington Free Press |location=Burlington, VT |via=Newspapers.com |ref={{sfnRef|"Judge Holden's Elevation to High Bench Points Up Rapid Turnover on Vt. Court"}}}}
{{cite news |agency=Associated Press |date=August 1, 1963 |title=Former Jurist Paul Chase Dies |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-burlington-free-press-jurist/136146940/ |work=Burlington Free Press |location=Burlington, VT |via=Newspapers.com |ref={{sfnRef|"Former Jurist Paul Chase Dies"}}}}
{{cite news |date=August 2, 1963 |title=Death Notice, Paul Addison Chase |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-philadelphia-inquirer-chase/136146988/ |work=Philadelphia Inquirer |location=Philadelphia, PA |via=Newspapers.com |ref={{sfnRef|"Death Notice, Paul Addison Chase"}}}}

=Internet=

{{cite web |url=https://www.ancestry.com/ |title=Vermont Vital Records, 1720-1908, Birth Entry for Paul Addison Chase |last=Ballou |first=H. B. (Whitingham, VT Town Clerk) |date=November 13, 1895 |website=Ancestry.com |publisher=Ancestry.com, LLC |location=Provo, UT |url-access=subscription |access-date=January 15, 2018 |ref={{sfnRef|"Vermont Vital Records, 1720-1908, Birth Entry for Paul Addison Chase"}}}}
{{cite web |url=https://www.ancestry.com/ |title=Vermont Death Records, 1909-2008, Entry for Paul Addison Chase |last=Phillips |first=R. W. (Townshend, VT Town Clerk) |date=September 1, 1963 |website=Ancestry.com |publisher=Ancestry.com, LLC |location=Provo, UT |url-access=subscription |access-date=January 15, 2018 |ref={{sfnRef|"Vermont Death Records, 1909-2008, Entry for Paul Addison Chase"}}}}
{{cite web |url=https://www.ancestry.com/ |title=Charles Dexter Chase in the North Carolina, Death Indexes, 1908-2004 |last=State of North Carolina |date=March 24, 1999 |website=Ancestry.com |publisher=Ancestry.com, LLC |location=Provo, UT |url-access=subscription |access-date=January 15, 2018 |ref={{sfnRef|"Charles Dexter Chase in the North Carolina, Death Indexes, 1908-2004"}}}}

=Books=

{{cite book |last=Amherst College Board of Trustees |date=1953 |title=Amherst College Bulletin: Annual Catalog, 1953-1954 |url=https://archive.org/stream/annualcatalogue1953amhe#page/140/mode/2up |location=Amherst, MA |publisher=Amherst College |ref={{sfnRef|Amherst College Bulletin}}}}
{{cite book |url=https://www.ancestry.com/ |title=Roster of Vermont Men and Women in the World War |last=Johnson |first=Herbert T. (Adjutant General of Vermont) |date=1927 |publisher=Tuttle Company |location=Rutland, Vermont |url-access=subscription |via=Ancestry.com |access-date=January 16, 2018 |ref={{sfnRef|Roster of Vermont Men and Women in the World War}}}}
{{cite book |last=Vermont Bar Association |date=1963 |title=Report of Proceedings of the Annual Meeting |volume=57 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ze48AAAAIAAJ&q=%22brattleboro+high+school%22 |location=Montpelier, VT |publisher=Argus and Patriot Steam Book Press |ref={{sfnRef|Report of Proceedings of the Annual Meeting}}}}
{{cite book |last=National Guard Bureau |date=1943 |title=Official National Guard Register |url=https://www.ancestry.com/ |url-access=subscription |via=Ancestry.com |location=Washington, DC |publisher=U.S. Government Printing Office |ref={{sfnRef|Official National Guard Register}}}}

=Magazines=

{{cite magazine |date=December 7, 1945 |title=Col. Chase Decorated As Norwich Cadets Honor Gen. Wing |url=https://archives.norwich.edu/digital/api/collection/p16663coll2/id/15402/download |magazine=Norwich University Record |location=Northfield, VT |publisher=Norwich University |ref={{sfnRef|"Col. Chase Decorated"}}}}