Peawanuck
{{Use Canadian English|date=January 2023}}
{{More citations needed|date=February 2013}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Peawanuck
| official_name = Peawanuck Indian Settlement
| settlement_type = Indian settlement
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| pushpin_map = Canada Ontario
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| pushpin_mapsize = 200
| coordinates = {{coord|55|1|N|85|25|W|region:CA-ON|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{CAN}}
| subdivision_type1 = Province
| subdivision_name1 = {{ON}}
| subdivision_type2 = District
| subdivision_name2 = Kenora
| subdivision_type3 = First Nation
| subdivision_name3 = Weenusk
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| area_total_km2 =
| area_land_km2 = 3.48
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| population_footnotes = {{cite web |url=http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=CSD&Code1=3560091&Geo2=CD&Code2=3560&Data=Count&SearchText=p&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=35&B1=All&Custom=&TABID=1 |title=Peawanuck census profile |publisher=Statistics Canada |work=2016 Census of Population |access-date=17 June 2015}}
| population_total = 195
| population_as_of = 2016
| population_density_km2 = 56.0
| postal_code_type = Postal Code(s)
| postal_code = P0L 2H0
| area_code_type = Area Code(s)
| area_code = 807 but 705 is used
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Peawanuck is an isolated Cree community in the Kenora District, Ontario, Canada. It is located near the confluence of the Winisk and Shamattawa rivers, about 35 km from the Winisk River's end in Hudson Bay. Its population is 237.{{cite web |url=http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2011/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=CSD&Code1=3560091&Geo2=CD&Code2=3560&Data=Count&SearchText=p&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=35&B1=All&Custom=&TABID=1 |title=Peawanuck census profile |publisher=Statistics Canada |work=2011 Census of Population |date=8 February 2012 |access-date=17 June 2015}}
Its population used to live in the community of Winisk ({{coord|55|16|N|85|11|W}}), near the mouth of the Winisk River. This also used to be a Mid-Canada Line Radar site. In 1986, its population was forced to abandon Winisk as a result of the Winisk Flood Disaster. The community was relocated thirty kilometers up-river on higher ground. The new settlement was renamed Peawanuck, meaning "flintstone" in the Cree language. It only took seven months for the community to be rebuilt in Peawanuck, with much credit going to the community members who were determined to have their new homes ready by the winter. It is surrounded by lands of the Polar Bear Provincial Park providing Peawanuck with limited tourism opportunities.{{Cite news|url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/national/welcome-to-peawanuck/article1130740/|title = Welcome to Peawanuck|newspaper = The Globe and Mail|date = 12 November 2005|last1 = Strauss|first1 = Julius}} It lies at similar latitudes to Ketchikan, Prince Rupert, Glasgow, Edinburgh and Moscow but has much harsher winters than those other cities.
Transportation
Peawanuck is accessible by year-round road but has an airfield (Peawanuck Airport). Marked roads exists for travel within Peawanuck. While the roads have no names, the main road in town is referred to as Main Street and the one along the river as Riverside.
There are private cars or light trucks in town, but other modes of travel include snowmobiles and canoe.
The town is linked by winter/ice roads in the winter towards Fort Severn, Ontario, and ultimately, Shamattawa, Manitoba and Gillam, Manitoba.
Emergency Services
Peawanuck has no hospitals, and is only served by one of two Health Canada funded Weeneebayko Area Health Authority Partnership Sites. The Peawanuck Nursing station provides basic health care needs in the community. It is federally run by Health Canada's First Nation and Inuit Branch, and partnered with Weeneebayko Area Health Authority. Peawanuck Nursing Station (staffed by two nurses) can be assisted by doctors at Weeneebayko Area Health Authority via teleconference, with occasional physician visits.{{cite web |url=http://search.211north.ca/record/KEN1293 |title = Weeneebayko Area Health Authority - Agency Profile {{!}} 211 Ontario North}} Advanced medical care requires transport by air ambulance operated by James Bay Ambulance Services from Peawanuck Airport to Timmins or Kingston.
There is a fire station in town, which is staffed by about a dozen volunteers using a single fire truck.
Peawanuck is policed by the Nishnawbe-Aski Police Service, an Aboriginal-based service staffed by two officers.
Utilities and Public Works
Electricity for the community is provided by three diesel generators and are maintained by the Ministry of Transportation.{{Cite web |url=http://www.wakenagun.ca/PDF/Peawanuck%20Profile.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=2016-05-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303211459/http://www.wakenagun.ca/PDF/Peawanuck%20Profile.pdf |archive-date=2016-03-03 |url-status=dead }}
There is a waste water treatment plant that serves all residential homes and most business. There is no sanitation services in Peawanuck due to lack of funds so waste is handled locally.
Government Services
Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources provides staffing at the Polar Bear Provincial Park Office.
Ontario Ministry of Transportation has a garage in Peawanuck, maintains the power generators and manages the local airport. MTO has housing for out of town staff.
A Canada Post postal station is located in the Band Administration offices. Mail is delivered to Peawanuck by air with contract services with Thunder Airlines.
Local Government
The local band council consists of band chief with 2 or 3 councilors elected to 2 year terms. Band Offices are located at a shared facility with FNP and Canada Post.
Media
There are no newspapers in town. The Band Office maintains a local radio station, but has limited service time.
Television and radio services is by satellite only.
Religion
Peawanuck has a local Catholic Church shaped as a teepee. Most residents are Catholic with a few Traditionalist or Born Again Christian.
Recreation
There is no community centre and limited recreation facilities maintained by the Band Council or Catholic Church:
- 2 outdoor ballparks
- Catholic Church Children's playground
- Outdoor ice rink with Zamboni (broken)
- Multi-purpose Room
- Drop-In Centre
Education
Matahhamao opened in 1995 by Weenusk Education Services is the only school in the community and offers classes up to Grade 8.{{Cite news|url=https://www.thestar.com/news/insight/2015/10/10/cree-community-looks-on-warily-as-de-beers-eyes-new-diamond-mine.html|title=Cree community looks on warily as de Beers scours North for diamonds|newspaper=The Toronto Star|date=10 October 2015|last1=Talaga|first1=Tanya}} Students moving on to Grades 9 to 12 and beyond must travel to large communities like Timmins and Moosonee.
Economy
The community is served by a single store, a Northern Store, and other goods must be shipped in by air. Northern Store provides banking services via fax to CIBC or Scotiabank in Moosonee and Timmins respectively.
- Peawanuck Development Corporation - operates Peawanuck Petroleum, General Store, Annual Barger Services and maintains winter road
- Hudson's Bay Adventures - offers outdoor adventures at Polar Bear Provincial Park
- Louie's Store (Louis Chookomolin Diversified Products)
Climate
Peawanuck has a subarctic climate (Dfc) due to its location in far Northern Ontario, which brings long cold winters and short but mild summers. Peawanuck is one of the coldest communities in Ontario, having far different weather than the more populous parts of Ontario.
{{Weather box
|location = Peawanuck (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1959–present){{refn|group=note|name=Records|Long term records have been recorded at various climate stations in or nearby Peawanuck since 1959}}
|metric first = Y
|single line = Y
|Jan record high C = 10.0
|Feb record high C = 3.2
|Mar record high C = 10.8
|Apr record high C = 22.3
|May record high C = 29.3
|Jun record high C = 38.1
|Jul record high C = 36.6
|Aug record high C = 34.1
|Sep record high C = 30.0
|Oct record high C = 23.3
|Nov record high C = 15.2
|Dec record high C = 4.9
|year record high C = 38.1
|Jan high C = −18.4
|Feb high C = -15.8
|Mar high C = -8.7
|Apr high C = -0.2
|May high C = 8.1
|Jun high C = 16.4
|Jul high C = 20.5
|Aug high C = 19.1
|Sep high C = 13.1
|Oct high C = 5.0
|Nov high C = -4.2
|Dec high C = -13.8
|year high C = 1.8
|Jan mean C = −23.3
|Feb mean C = −22.1
|Mar mean C = -15.6
|Apr mean C = -6.1
|May mean C = 2.6
|Jun mean C = 9.5
|Jul mean C = 13.8
|Aug mean C = 13.4
|Sep mean C = 8.5
|Oct mean C = 1.9
|Nov mean C = -8.0
|Dec mean C = −18.4
|year mean C = -3.6
|Jan low C = −28.1
|Feb low C = −28.2
|Mar low C = −22.4
|Apr low C = -12.0
|May low C = -2.8
|Jun low C = 2.6
|Jul low C = 7.1
|Aug low C = 7.6
|Sep low C = 3.8
|Oct low C = -1.4
|Nov low C = -11.6
|Dec low C = −22.6
|year low C = -9.0
|Jan record low C = −47.0
|Feb record low C = −47.2
|Mar record low C = −43.2
|Apr record low C = −36.7
|May record low C = −20.6
|Jun record low C = -6.5
|Jul record low C = -3.9
|Aug record low C = -2.2
|Sep record low C = -6.2
|Oct record low C = −21.3
|Nov record low C = −32.2
|Dec record low C = −46.1
|year record low C = −47.2
|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation mm = 32.3
|Feb precipitation mm = 16.7
|Mar precipitation mm = 17.4
|Apr precipitation mm = 35.2
|May precipitation mm = 47.5
|Jun precipitation mm = 90.3
|Jul precipitation mm = 89.4
|Aug precipitation mm = 76.5
|Sep precipitation mm = 76.3
|Oct precipitation mm = 56.1
|Nov precipitation mm = 45.3
|Dec precipitation mm = 24.5
|year precipitation mm = 607.5
|rain colour = green
|Jan rain mm = 0.1
|Feb rain mm = 0.0
|Mar rain mm = 1.8
|Apr rain mm = 5.1
|May rain mm = 28.8
|Jun rain mm = 85.4
|Jul rain mm = 89.4
|Aug rain mm = 76.5
|Sep rain mm = 74.6
|Oct rain mm = 44.3
|Nov rain mm = 5.9
|Dec rain mm = 1.1
|year rain mm = 413.0
|Jan snow cm = 28.6
|Feb snow cm = 16.4
|Mar snow cm = 16.0
|Apr snow cm = 28.9
|May snow cm = 27.7
|Jun snow cm = 14.6
|Jul snow cm = 0.0
|Aug snow cm = 0.0
|Sep snow cm = 2.7
|Oct snow cm = 16.8
|Nov snow cm = 38.1
|Dec snow cm = 24.3
|year snow cm = 214.1
|unit precipitation days = 0.2 mm
|Jan precipitation days = 13
|Feb precipitation days = 8
|Mar precipitation days = 9
|Apr precipitation days = 12
|May precipitation days = 14
|Jun precipitation days = 12
|Jul precipitation days = 13
|Aug precipitation days = 14
|Sep precipitation days = 17
|Oct precipitation days = 17
|Nov precipitation days = 19
|Dec precipitation days = 16
|year precipitation days = 164
|unit rain days = 0.2 mm
|Jan rain days = 0
|Feb rain days = 0
|Mar rain days = 1
|Apr rain days = 1
|May rain days = 6
|Jun rain days = 10
|Jul rain days = 13
|Aug rain days = 14
|Sep rain days = 15
|Oct rain days = 11
|Nov rain days = 2
|Dec rain days = 0
|year rain days = 73
|unit snow days = 0.2 cm
|Jan snow days = 12
|Feb snow days = 8
|Mar snow days = 9
|Apr snow days = 10
|May snow days = 10
|Jun snow days = 3
|Jul snow days = 0
|Aug snow days = 0
|Sep snow days = 3
|Oct snow days = 11
|Nov snow days = 18
|Dec snow days = 16
|year snow days = 100
| time day = 15:00 LST
|Jan humidity = 73.8
|Feb humidity = 65.1
|Mar humidity = 60.1
|Apr humidity = 58.2
|May humidity = 60.5
|Jun humidity = 56.9
|Jul humidity = 58.1
|Aug humidity = 61.9
|Sep humidity = 67.2
|Oct humidity = 74.2
|Nov humidity = 80.1
|Dec humidity = 78.8
|year humidity = 66.2
|source 1 = Environment and Climate Change Canada (precipitation/rainfall/snowfall 1951–1980){{cite web
| url = https://climate.weather.gc.ca/climate_normals/results_1991_2020_e.html?searchType=stnProv&lstProvince=ON&txtCentralLatMin=0&txtCentralLatSec=0&txtCentralLongMin=0&txtCentralLongSec=0&stnID=192000000&dispBack=0
| title = Peawanuck
| work = Canadian Climate Normals 1991−2020
| access-date = April 6, 2025
| publisher = Environment and Climate Change Canada}}
{{cite web
| publisher = Environment Canada
| url = https://drive.google.com/file/d/1OLqRySaAdJSpajkEGmOAHd7zKR2FW72s/view
| title = Canadian Climate Normals 1951–1980 Volume 2: Temperature
| access-date = September 25, 2020}}
{{cite web
| publisher = Environment Canada
| url = https://drive.google.com/file/d/1Nujco00lfiT0aBZHfW1Gs2P4MLFguxHR/view
| title = Canadian Climate Normals 1951–1980 Volume 3: Precipitation
| access-date = September 25, 2020}}
{{cite web
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20211111160408/https://api.weather.gc.ca/collections/ltce-temperature/items?VIRTUAL_CLIMATE_ID=VSON99V&sortby=VIRTUAL_CLIMATE_ID%2CLOCAL_MONTH%2CLOCAL_DAY&f=csv&limit=150000&startindex=0
| archive-date = November 11, 2021
| url = https://api.weather.gc.ca/collections/ltce-temperature/items?VIRTUAL_CLIMATE_ID=VSON99V&sortby=VIRTUAL_CLIMATE_ID,LOCAL_MONTH,LOCAL_DAY&f=csv&limit=150000&startindex=0
| title = Long Term Climate Extremes for Peawanuck Area (Virtual Station ID: VSON99V)
| work = Daily climate records (LTCE)
| publisher = Environment Canada
| access-date = November 11, 2021}}
}}
See also
Notes
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References
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{{Geographic location
| Center = Peawanuck
| North = Unorganized Kenora
| East = Winisk River / Unorganized Kenora
| South = Unorganized Kenora
| West = Unorganized Kenora
}}
{{Kenora District}}
{{authority control}}
Category:Communities in Kenora District