Presidency of Rodrigo Duterte

{{Short description|Philippine presidential administration from 2016 to 2022}}

{{Infobox administration

| image = President Rodrigo Duterte portrait (half-body crop).jpg

| name = Presidency of Rodrigo Duterte

| term_start = June 30, 2016

| term_end = June 30, 2022

| president = Rodrigo Roa Duterte

| seat = Malacañang Palace, Manila

| party = PDP–Laban

| predecessor = Benigno Aquino III

| successor = Bongbong Marcos

| president_link = President of the Philippines

| election = 2016

| cabinet = See list

}}

Rodrigo Duterte's six-year tenure as the 16th President of the Philippines began on June 30, 2016, succeeding Benigno Aquino III. He was the first president from Mindanao, the first president to have worked in all three branches of government, and the oldest to be elected.{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=Presidency and Vice Presidency by the Numbers: Rodrigo Roa Duterte and Leni Robredo |url=http://malacanang.gov.ph/77212-presidency-and-vice-presidency-by-the-numbers-duterte-robredo/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160808190247/http://malacanang.gov.ph/77212-presidency-and-vice-presidency-by-the-numbers-duterte-robredo/ |archive-date=August 8, 2016 |website=Presidential Museum and Library}} He won the election amid growing frustration with post-EDSA governance that favored elites over ordinary Filipinos.{{Cite journal |last1=Casiple |first1=Ramon C. |last2=McCargo |first2=Duncan |last3=Aspinall |first3=Edward |last4=Davidson |first4=Michael W. |last5=Hicken |first5=Allen |last6=Weiss |first6=Meredith L. |last7=Villegas |first7=Bernardo M. |last8=Manzano |first8=George |last9=Baviera |first9=Aileen S. P. |date=August 31, 2016 |title=Roundtable: The 2016 Philippine Presidential Election |url=https://bookshop.iseas.edu.sg/component/get/18862 |journal=Contemporary Southeast Asia |publisher=ISEAS-Yusof Ishak Institute |volume=38 |issue=2 |pages=180–181 |doi=10.1355/cs38-2a |s2cid=157111016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220319034802/https://bookshop.iseas.edu.sg/component/get/18862 |archive-date=March 19, 2022|url-access=subscription }}{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Garrido |first=Marco |date=May 5, 2022 |title=Analysis; Filipinos don't long for the Marcos era. Why is his son in the lead? |newspaper=The Washington Post |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2022/05/05/bongbong-marcos-philippines-election-may9-democracy-duterte/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220505174059/https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2022/05/05/bongbong-marcos-philippines-election-may9-democracy-duterte/ |archive-date=May 5, 2022}} His tenure ended on June 30, 2022.

Duterte began a crackdown on illegal drugs and corruption,{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Gita-Carlos |first=Ruth Abbey |date=December 26, 2019 |title=Duterte's relentless war on drugs, corruption, crime |work=Philippine News Agency |url=https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1089333 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210531034442/https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1089333 |archive-date=May 31, 2021}}{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Corrales |first=Nestor |date=July 24, 2017 |title=Duterte: Fight will continue against drugs, crime, corruption |newspaper=Philippine Daily Inquirer |url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/916996/duterte-fight-will-continue-against-drugs-crime-corruption |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170918094540/http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/916996/duterte-fight-will-continue-against-drugs-crime-corruption |archive-date=September 18, 2017}} leading to a reduction in drug proliferation{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Caliwan |first=Christopher Lloyd |date=March 30, 2022 |title=Over 24K villages 'drug-cleared' as of February: PDEA |language=en |work=Philippine News Agency |url=https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1171001 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220331184448/https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1171001 |archive-date=March 31, 2022}} which caused the deaths of 6,600 people.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Gonzales |first=Cathrine |date=June 18, 2019 |title=6,600 killed in war vs drugs from July 2016 to May 2019 — PNP |language=en |newspaper=Philippine Daily Inquirer |url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1131433/6600-killed-in-war-vs-drugs-from-july-2016-to-may-2019-pnp |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191202143718/https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1131433/6600-killed-in-war-vs-drugs-from-july-2016-to-may-2019-pnp |archive-date=December 2, 2019}} His administration withdrew the Philippines from the International Criminal Court (ICC) after the court launched a preliminary examination into alleged crimes against humanity committed during the crackdown. On March 11, 2025, Duterte was arrested by the Philippine National Police and Interpol after a warrant was issued by the ICC for the alleged crimes during his presidency. The confirmation of the charges is scheduled on September 23, 2025.{{Cite news |date=March 14, 2025 |title=ICC sets Duterte confirmation of charges hearing Sept. 23 |url=https://globalnation.inquirer.net/267873/icc-sets-duterte-confirmation-of-charges-hearing-sept-23-interim-release-possible |access-date=March 15, 2025 |newspaper=Philippine Daily Inquirer |language=en}}

Duterte increased infrastructure spending and launched Build! Build! Build!, an ambitious infrastructure program. He initiated liberal economic reforms, including reforming the country's tax system. He also established freedom of information under the executive branch to eliminate corruption and red tape. Additionally, he granted free irrigation to small farmers and liberalized rice imports with the Rice Tariffication Law.

Duterte implemented a campaign against terrorism and signed the controversial Anti-Terrorism Act. He declared martial law in Mindanao during the Battle of Marawi and extended it for two years, the longest period of martial law in the Philippines since Ferdinand Marcos' 14-year rule. He pursued peace talks with the Communist Party of the Philippines (CPP) but cancelled them in February 2017 after attacks by the New People's Army (NPA) against government forces as justification and declared the CPP-NPA as a terrorist group. He created task forces to end local communist armed conflict and for the reintegration of former communist rebels, and enacted a law establishing the Bangsamoro Autonomous Region and granting amnesty to former rebels.

Duterte implemented free college education in state universities and colleges and institutionalized an alternative learning system. He also signed the automatic enrollment of all Filipinos in the government's health insurance program and ordered the full implementation of the Reproductive Health Law. In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, he initially implemented strict lockdown measures, causing a 9.5% contraction of the gross domestic product (GDP) in 2020. However, with the economy gradually reopening, the GDP increased by 5.6% in 2021.

Duterte sought improved relations with China and Russia and reduced dependence on the United States. He took a conciliatory stance toward China, setting aside the controversial Philippines v. China ruling on South China Sea claims.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Galang |first=Mico A. |date=April 6, 2017 |title=US, China, and Duterte's 'Independent Foreign Policy' |work=The Diplomat |url=https://thediplomat.com/2017/04/us-china-and-dutertes-independent-foreign-policy/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170407050015/https://thediplomat.com/2017/04/us-china-and-dutertes-independent-foreign-policy/ |archive-date=April 7, 2017}}{{Cite book |last1=Liu |first1=Fu-Kuo |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=py5qDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA101 |title=South China Sea Lawfare: Post-Arbitration Policy Options and Future Prospects |last2=Zou |first2=Keyuan |last3=Wu |first3=Shicun |last4=Spangler |first4=Jonathan |date=April 20, 2017 |publisher=South China Sea Think Tank |isbn=978-986-92828-3-3 |page=101 |language=en |access-date=March 19, 2022 |archive-date=May 23, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240523005319/https://books.google.com/books?id=py5qDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA101#v=onepage&q&f=false |url-status=live }}

Duterte is a polarizing figure, facing criticism and international opposition for his anti-narcotics efforts.{{#invoke:Cite|web|last=Romero |first=Segundo J. E. Jr. |date=September 26, 2016 |title=Duterte's Rise to Power in the Philippines: Domestic and Regional Implications |url=https://th.boell.org/en/2016/09/26/dutertes-rise-power-philippines-domestic-and-regional-implications |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200813062744/https://th.boell.org/en/2016/09/26/dutertes-rise-power-philippines-domestic-and-regional-implications |archive-date=August 13, 2020 |website=Heinrich-Böll-Stiftung - Southeast Asia Regional Office |language=en}} Various poll agencies such as SWS, PUBLiCUS Asia, and Pulse Asia consider Duterte's approval ratings to have remained high during and after his presidency, according to their own polling, making Duterte as the most popular post-People Power Revolution president.{{cite web |url=https://www.manilatimes.net/2022/06/27/news/duterte-most-popular-post-edsa-president-publicus/1848860 |title=Duterte most popular post-EDSA president - Publicus |last=Cruz |first=Kaithreen |date=Jun 27, 2022|website=Manila Times |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220627031050/https://www.manilatimes.net/2022/06/27/news/duterte-most-popular-post-edsa-president-publicus/1848860 |access-date=Sep 20, 2023|archive-date=June 27, 2022 }}

Election, transition, and inauguration

{{Main|Rodrigo Duterte 2016 presidential campaign|2016 Philippine presidential election|Presidential transition of Rodrigo Duterte|Inauguration of Rodrigo Duterte}}

File:Presidential Race 2016.png, Metro Manila, and Cebu during the 2016 presidential election.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Pacia |first=Sara Isabelle |date=May 12, 2016 |title=Duterte can credit new 'Solid South,' NCR and Cebu for win |language=en |newspaper=Philippine Daily Inquirer |url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/785257/duterte-lead-thanks-to-new-solid-south-vote-rich-ncr-and-cebu |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160516152854/https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/785257/duterte-lead-thanks-to-new-solid-south-vote-rich-ncr-and-cebu |archive-date=May 16, 2016}}]]

Duterte, campaigning on a platform of fighting crime, corruption, and illegal drugs,{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Corrales |first=Nestor |date=February 9, 2016 |title=Duterte willing to lose life, presidency to fulfil vow vs crime, drugs, corruption |language=en |newspaper=Philippine Daily Inquirer |url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/763333/duterte-willing-to-lose-life-presidency-to-fulfil-vow-vs-crime-drugs-corruption |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160210092716/https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/763333/duterte-willing-to-lose-life-presidency-to-fulfil-vow-vs-crime-drugs-corruption |archive-date=February 10, 2016}}{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Tupaz |first=Voltaire |date=May 18, 2016 |title=Who's your pick for #Du30Cabinet? |work=Rappler |url=https://www.rappler.com/moveph/133333-du30-cabinet-rodrigo-duterte/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220524163311/https://www.rappler.com/moveph/133333-du30-cabinet-rodrigo-duterte/ |archive-date=May 24, 2022}}{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Parrocha |first=Azer |date=May 24, 2022 |title=Duterte fulfilled 'change is coming' slogan: Palace |language=en |work=Philippine News Agency |url=https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1175161 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220524171203/https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1175161 |archive-date=May 24, 2022}} won the 2016 presidential election with {{number and percent|16,601,997|42,552,835|2}} votes, defeating Liberal Party leader Mar Roxas by over 6.6 million votes.{{#invoke:Cite|news |date=May 27, 2016 |title=Official count: Duterte is new president, Robredo is vice president |work=CNN Philippines |url=http://cnnphilippines.com/news/2016/05/27/official-count-duterte-president-robredo-vp.html | url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160528155551/http://cnnphilippines.com/news/2016/05/27/official-count-duterte-president-robredo-vp.html |archive-date=May 28, 2016}}

File:Duterte and Aquino in Malacañang 063016.jpg on June 30, 2016.]]

On May 9, 2016, the Congress of the Philippines declared Duterte the winner of the presidential election.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Santos |first=Eimor P. |date=May 28, 2016 |title=Lawmakers set Monday proclamation for Duterte, Robredo |work=CNN Philippines |url=http://cnnphilippines.com/news/2016/05/28/Duterte-Robredo-proclamation-set-on-Monday.html | url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160530193202/http://cnnphilippines.com/news/2016/05/28/Duterte-Robredo-proclamation-set-on-Monday.html |archive-date=May 30, 2016}}{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Gonzales |first=Yuji Vincent |date=May 30, 2016 |title=Duterte, Robredo proclaimed new President, VP; Rody a no-show |newspaper=Philippine Daily Inquirer |url=http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/788148/congress-proclaims-duterte-robredo-as-new-president-vp-rody-a-no-show |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160803230437/http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/788148/congress-proclaims-duterte-robredo-as-new-president-vp-rody-a-no-show |archive-date=August 3, 2016}} Duterte's transition team was organized after he led by a significant margin at the unofficial count by the Commission on Elections (COMELEC) and the Parish Pastoral Council for Responsible Voting.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Cepeda |first=Mara |date=May 11, 2016 |title=Duterte transition team formed, holds first meeting |work=Rappler |url=http://www.rappler.com/nation/politics/elections/2016/132724-duterte-transition-team |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160516121658/http://www.rappler.com:80/nation/politics/elections/2016/132724-duterte-transition-team |archive-date=May 16, 2016}} The transition team prepared the new presidential residence and cabinet appointments, and held meetings with the outgoing administration.

{{Listen

| image = 50px

| help =

| filename = Inauguration of President Rodrigo Roa Duterte 6 30 2016-uH80-bjOBnM.webm

| alt =

| title = Inauguration of Rodrigo Duterte

| description = Duterte is joined by his children as he takes his oath as the 16th President of the Philippines.{{#invoke:Cite|news |date=June 30, 2016 |title=President Duterte takes oath of office |work=ABS-CBN News |url=https://news.abs-cbn.com/nation/06/30/16/president-duterte-takes-oath-of-office |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160701143517/https://news.abs-cbn.com/nation/06/30/16/president-duterte-takes-oath-of-office |archive-date=July 1, 2016}}

}}

On June 30, 2016, Bienvenido L. Reyes, an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines and fraternity brother of Duterte, inaugurated Duterte as the sixteenth president of the Philippines in a simple ceremony held in the largest room of Malacañang Palace in Manila.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Arguillas |first=Carolyn O. |date=June 15, 2016 |title=Duterte to take oath in Rizal Hall; no lunch but pritong saging will be served |work=MindaNews |url=https://www.mindanews.com/top-stories/2016/06/duterte-to-take-oath-in-rizal-hall-no-lunch-but-pritong-saging-will-be-served/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180209171153/https://www.mindanews.com/top-stories/2016/06/duterte-to-take-oath-in-rizal-hall-no-lunch-but-pritong-saging-will-be-served/ |archive-date=February 9, 2018 |quote=The Rizal Ceremonial Hall where Duterte will be sworn in as President, is the largest room in the Malacanan Palace and is used for large dinners and large assemblies. The first President to take his oath there was Ferdinand Marcos, on February 25, 1986 although he delivered his inaugural address in Maharlika Hall (now Kalayaan Hall).}} This was the fourth inauguration to be held in Malacañang and the first since the establishment of the Fifth Philippine Republic.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Viray |first=Patricia Lourdes |date=June 30, 2016 |title=Rodrigo Duterte sworn in as 16th Philippine president |work=The Philippine Star |url=https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2016/06/30/1598149/rodrigo-duterte-sworn-16th-philippine-president |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160701132614/https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2016/06/30/1598149/rodrigo-duterte-sworn-16th-philippine-president |archive-date=July 1, 2016}}

Administration and cabinet

{{Main|List of administration members in the presidency of Rodrigo Duterte}}

File:President Rodrigo Roa Duterte presides over the 29th Cabinet Meeting at the Malacañan Palace on September 11, 2018. 03.jpg

On May 31, 2016, a few weeks before his presidential inauguration, Duterte named his Cabinet,{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Corrales |first=Nestor |date=May 31, 2016 |title=Duterte names members of Cabinet |language=en |newspaper=Philippine Daily Inquirer |url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/788515/duterte-names-members-of-cabinet |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160803230505/http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/788515/duterte-names-members-of-cabinet |archive-date=August 3, 2016}} which consisted of former military generals, childhood friends, classmates, and leftist politicians.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Venzon |first=Cliff |date=June 1, 2016 |title=Duterte's cabinet taps retired generals and communists |work=Nikkei Asia |url=https://asia.nikkei.com/Politics/Duterte-s-cabinet-taps-retired-generals-and-communists |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221120161158/https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:weGeGMo-zv8J:https://asia.nikkei.com/Politics/Duterte-s-cabinet-taps-retired-generals-and-communists |archive-date=November 20, 2022 |access-date=April 21, 2022 |url-status=live }} Following his presidential inauguration, he administered a mass oath-taking for his Cabinet officials, and held his first Cabinet meeting on June 30.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Viray |first=Patricia Lourdes |date=June 30, 2016 |title=Duterte's Cabinet takes oath, holds first meeting |work=The Philippine Star |url=https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2016/06/30/1598175/dutertes-cabinet-takes-oath-holds-first-meeting |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160701152211/https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2016/06/30/1598175/dutertes-cabinet-takes-oath-holds-first-meeting |archive-date=July 1, 2016}}{{#invoke:Cite|news |date=June 30, 2016 |title=Mass Oath-Taking of the Cabinet Members |work=Radio Television Malacañang |publisher=Presidential Communications Operations Office |url=https://rtvm.gov.ph/mass-oath-taking-of-the-cabinet-members/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210225191005/https://rtvm.gov.ph/mass-oath-taking-of-the-cabinet-members/ |archive-date=February 25, 2021}} He appointed his long-time personal aide Bong Go as Special Assistant to the President to provide general supervision to the Presidential Management Staff.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Diola |first=Camille |date=June 3, 2016 |title=Duterte appoints closest aide, broadcaster to Palace posts |work=The Philippine Star |url=https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2016/06/03/1589711/duterte-appoints-closest-aide-broadcaster-palace-posts |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160915212059/https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2016/06/03/1589711/duterte-appoints-closest-aide-broadcaster-palace-posts |archive-date=September 15, 2016}}

During his tenure, Duterte appointed several retired military generals and police directors to the Cabinet and other government agencies,{{#invoke:Cite|news |last1=Zamora |first1=Fe |last2=Tubeza |first2=Philip C. |date=June 27, 2017 |title=Duterte hires 59 former AFP, PNP men to Cabinet, agencies |language=en |newspaper=Philippine Daily Inquirer |url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/908958/duterte-hires-59-former-afp-pnp-men-to-cabinet-agencies |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170626201951/https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/908958/duterte-hires-59-former-afp-pnp-men-to-cabinet-agencies |archive-date=June 26, 2017}} stating they are honest and competent.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Musico |first=Jelly |date=October 15, 2018 |title=Duterte defends Cabinet appointment of ex-military men |language=en |work=Philippine News Agency |url=https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1051147 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181015224830/https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1051147 |archive-date=October 15, 2018}} He initially offered four executive departments to left-leaning individuals,{{#invoke:Cite|news |last1=Ramos |first1=Roy |last2=Glang |first2=Hader |date=May 17, 2016 |title=Philippines' Duterte offers cabinet posts to rebels |work=Anadolu Agency |url=https://www.aa.com.tr/en/politics/philippines-duterte-offers-cabinet-posts-to-rebels/573461 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160518094242/https://www.aa.com.tr/en/politics/philippines-duterte-offers-cabinet-posts-to-rebels/573461 |archive-date=May 18, 2016}} who later resigned, were fired, or rejected by the Commission on Appointments after relations between the government and the communist rebels deteriorated.{{#invoke:Cite|news |date=October 6, 2019 |title=Duterte repeats claim leftist ex-Cabinet members funded NPA |work=CNN Philippines |url=https://www.cnnphilippines.com/news/2019/10/6/Rodrigo-Duterte-leftist-Cabinet-members-fund-NPA.html | url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191006103427/https://www.cnnphilippines.com/news/2019/10/6/Rodrigo-Duterte-leftist-Cabinet-members-fund-NPA.html |archive-date=October 6, 2019}} Duterte fired several Cabinet members and officials who were linked to corruption{{#invoke:Cite|news |date=January 12, 2018 |title=Duterte to fire more corrupt officials |work=CNN Philippines |url=https://www.cnnphilippines.com/news/2018/01/12/Duterte-corrupt-officials.html | url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180114054959/https://www.cnnphilippines.com/news/2018/01/12/Duterte-corrupt-officials.html |archive-date=January 14, 2018}}{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Flores |first=Helen |date=April 2, 2022 |title=Duterte: I fired corrupt Cabinet members |work=The Philippine Star |url=https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2022/04/02/2171620/duterte-i-fired-corrupt-cabinet-members |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220401190919/https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2022/04/02/2171620/duterte-i-fired-corrupt-cabinet-members |archive-date=April 1, 2022}} but critics accused him of "recycling" people he fired when he appointed some of them to other government positions.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Aurelio |first=Julie M. |date=April 4, 2019 |title=Duterte: There's no corruption in my Cabinet |language=en |newspaper=Philippine Daily Inquirer |url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1102960/duterte-theres-no-corruption-in-my-cabinet |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190403230109/https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1102960/duterte-theres-no-corruption-in-my-cabinet |archive-date=April 3, 2019}}{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Tan |first=Lara |date=June 7, 2018 |title=Is Duterte 'recycling' fired officials? Only 3 out of 20, says Roque |work=CNN Philippines |url=https://www.cnnphilippines.com/news/2018/06/07/Duterte-corruption-fired-officials-Faeldon-Pompee-La-Vina.html | url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180611103812/https://www.cnnphilippines.com/news/2018/06/07/Duterte-corruption-fired-officials-Faeldon-Pompee-La-Vina.html |archive-date=June 11, 2018}} Stating he is not an economist,{{#invoke:Cite|news |date=June 21, 2016 |title=Duterte finds businessmen's ten proposals 'doable' |language=en |work=GMA News Online |url=https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/money/economy/570797/duterte-finds-businessmen-s-ten-proposals-doable/story/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221120173402/https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/money/economy/570797/duterte-finds-businessmen-s-ten-proposals-doable/story/ |archive-date=November 20, 2022}} Duterte appointed several technocrats to his Cabinet, which he relied upon for economic affairs.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Juego |first=Bonn |date=June 13, 2020 |title=Addressing the Pandemic in the Philippines Necessitates a New Economic Paradigm |language=en |work=Developing Economics |url=https://developingeconomics.org/2020/06/13/addressing-the-pandemic-in-the-philippines-necessitates-a-new-economic-paradigm/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200624214726/https://developingeconomics.org/2020/06/13/addressing-the-pandemic-in-the-philippines-necessitates-a-new-economic-paradigm/ |archive-date=June 24, 2020}}

Judicial appointments

File:President Duterte administers Chief Justice De Castro’s oath.jpg on August 31, 2018, to fill in the position of Maria Lourdes Sereno, whose appointment was declared null and void by the Supreme Court three months prior.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Caliwan |first=Christopher Lloyd |date=May 11, 2018 |title=SC grants quo warranto petition to oust Sereno |work=Philippine News Agency |url=https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1034957 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180514163643/https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1034957 |archive-date=May 14, 2018}}]]

Duterte appointed the following to the Supreme Court of the Philippines:

=Chief Justice=

Teresita Leonardo-De Castro - August 28, 2018{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Musico |first=Jelly |date=August 27, 2018 |title=Duterte defends appointment of de Castro as CJ |language=en |work=Philippine News Agency |url=http://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1046047 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190331171312/http://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1046047 |archive-date=March 31, 2019}}
Lucas Bersamin - November 28, 2018{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Parrocha |first=Azer |date=November 29, 2018 |title=Duterte defends Bersamin's Chief Justice appointment |language=en |work=Philippine News Agency |url=http://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1055274 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190331171931/http://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1055274 |archive-date=March 31, 2019}}
Diosdado Peralta - October 23, 2019{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Corrales |first=Nestor |date=October 23, 2019 |title=Diosdado Peralta is new Chief Justice |language=en |newspaper=Philippine Daily Inquirer |url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1179001/diosdado-peralta-is-new-chief-justice |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191023085455/https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1179001/diosdado-peralta-is-new-chief-justice |archive-date=October 23, 2019}}
Alexander Gesmundo - April 5, 2021 (as Chief Justice){{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Calayag |first=Keith |date=April 2, 2021 |title=Duterte appoints Alexander Gesmundo Chief Justice |work=The Manila Times |url=https://www.manilatimes.net/2021/04/02/news/duterte-appoints-alexander-gesmundo-chief-justice/858796 |access-date=April 2, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210402032645/https://www.manilatimes.net/2021/04/02/news/duterte-appoints-alexander-gesmundo-chief-justice/858796 |archive-date=April 2, 2021}}

=Associate Justices=

Samuel Martires - March 6, 2017 (as Associate Justice),{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Adel |first=Rosette |date=March 6, 2017 |title=Samuel Martires named new SC justice |work=The Philippine Star |url=https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2017/03/06/1677179/samuel-martires-named-new-sc-justice |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181001081353/https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2017/03/06/1677179/samuel-martires-named-new-sc-justice |archive-date=October 1, 2018}} July 26, 2018 (as Ombudsman).{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Corrales |first=Nestor |date=July 26, 2018 |title=Associate Justice Samuel Martires is new Ombudsman |language=en |newspaper=Philippine Daily Inquirer |url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1014764/associate-justice-samuel-martires-is-new-ombudsman |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181030221552/https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1014764/associate-justice-samuel-martires-is-new-ombudsman |archive-date=October 30, 2018}}
Noel G. Tijam - March 8, 2017{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Torres-Tupas |first=Tetch |date=March 6, 2019 |title=Duterte completes JBC with appointment of retired SC Justice Tijam |language=en |newspaper=Philippine Daily Inquirer |url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1092835/duterte-completes-jbc-with-appointment-of-retired-sc-justice-tijam |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190331173248/https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1092835/duterte-completes-jbc-with-appointment-of-retired-sc-justice-tijam |archive-date=March 31, 2019}}
Andres Reyes Jr. - July 12, 2017{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Reformina |first=Ina |date=July 13, 2017 |title=Duterte appoints CA Chief as new SC justice |work=ABS-CBN News |url=https://news.abs-cbn.com/news/07/13/17/duterte-appoints-ca-chief-as-new-sc-justice |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170816100607/http://news.abs-cbn.com/news/07/13/17/duterte-appoints-ca-chief-as-new-sc-justice |archive-date=August 16, 2017}}
Alexander Gesmundo - August 14, 2017 (as Associate Justice){{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Reganit |first=Jose Cielito |date=August 14, 2017 |title=Duterte appoints Sandiganbayan's Gesmundo to SC |language=en |work=Philippine News Agency |url=http://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1006119 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170818014711/http://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1006119 |archive-date=August 18, 2017}}
Jose C. Reyes - August 10, 2018{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Musico |first=Jelly |date=August 10, 2018 |title=Duterte appoints CA Jose Reyes as new SC Justice |language=en |work=Philippine News Agency |url=http://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1044452 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180813152341/http://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1044452 |archive-date=August 13, 2018}}
Ramon Paul Hernando - October 10, 2018{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Parrocha |first=Azer |date=October 10, 2018 |title=Duterte appoints Hernando as SC associate justice |language=en |work=Philippine News Agency |url=http://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1050636 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190331175503/http://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1050636 |archive-date=March 31, 2019}}
Rosmari D. Carandang - November 28, 2018{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Torres-Tupas |first=Tetch |date=November 28, 2018 |title=Duterte appoints CA Justice Carandang to Supreme Court |language=en |newspaper=Philippine Daily Inquirer |url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1057911/duterte-appoints-ca-justice-carandang-to-supreme-court |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181129131116/https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1057911/duterte-appoints-ca-justice-carandang-to-supreme-court |archive-date=November 29, 2018}}
Amy C. Lazaro-Javier - March 7, 2019{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Parrocha |first=Azer |date=March 6, 2019 |title=Duterte names new SC Associate Justice |language=en |work=Philippine News Agency |url=http://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1063862 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190331180444/http://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1063862 |archive-date=March 31, 2019}}
Henri Jean Paul Inting - May 27, 2019{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Torres-Tupas |first=Tetch |date=May 27, 2019 |title=Duterte names fellow Davao native Inting as newest SC associate justice |newspaper=Philippine Daily Inquirer |url=http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1123795/duterte-names-fellow-davao-native-inting-as-newest-sc-associate-justice/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190605033048/http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1123795/duterte-names-fellow-davao-native-inting-as-newest-sc-associate-justice/ |archive-date=June 5, 2019}}
Rodil V. Zalameda - August 5, 2019{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Buan |first=Lian |date=August 5, 2019 |title=Duterte appoints CA justice Zalameda to Supreme Court |language=en |work=Rappler |url=https://www.rappler.com/nation/237079-duterte-appoints-rodil-zalameda-supreme-court-associate-justice |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190805053145/https://www.rappler.com/nation/237079-duterte-appoints-rodil-zalameda-supreme-court-associate-justice |archive-date=August 5, 2019}}
Edgardo L. de Los Santos - December 3, 2019{{#invoke:Cite|news |date=December 3, 2019 |title=Duterte appoints 2 appellate court justices to Supreme Court: sources |language=en |work=ABS-CBN News |url=https://news.abs-cbn.com/news/12/03/19/duterte-appoints-2-appellate-court-justices-to-supreme-court |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191203133725/https://news.abs-cbn.com/news/12/03/19/duterte-appoints-2-appellate-court-justices-to-supreme-court |archive-date=December 3, 2019}}
Mario V. Lopez - December 3, 2019
Samuel H. Gaerlan - January 8, 2020{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Tomacruz |first=Sofia |date=January 8, 2020 |title=Duterte appoints CA justice Gaerlan to Supreme Court |language=en |work=Rappler |url=https://www.rappler.com/nation/248803-duterte-appoints-samuel-gaerlan-supreme-court-associate-justice |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200114160027/https://www.rappler.com/nation/248803-duterte-appoints-samuel-gaerlan-supreme-court-associate-justice |archive-date=January 14, 2020}}
Priscilla Baltazar-Padilla - July 16, 2020{{#invoke:Cite|news |date=July 16, 2020 |title=Duterte appoints CA justice Padilla to Supreme Court |work=CNN Philippines |url=https://www.cnnphilippines.com/news/2020/7/16/Duterte-appoints-CA-justice-Supreme-Court-.html | url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200717095208/https://www.cnnphilippines.com/news/2020/7/16/Duterte-appoints-CA-justice-Supreme-Court-.html |archive-date=July 17, 2020}}
Ricardo Rosario - October 8, 2020{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Navalio |first=Mike |date=September 9, 2020 |title=Duterte appoints CA's Rosario to Supreme Court |language=en |work=ABS-CBN News |url=https://news.abs-cbn.com/news/10/09/20/duterte-appoints-ca-justice-rosario-to-sc |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201009222410/https://news.abs-cbn.com/news/10/09/20/duterte-appoints-ca-justice-rosario-to-sc |archive-date=October 9, 2020}}
Jhosep Lopez - January 26, 2021{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Parrocha |first=Azer |date=January 26, 2021 |title=Duterte names Jhosep Lopez as Supreme Court justice |language=en |work=Philippine News Agency |url=https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1128545 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210126065603/https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1128545 |archive-date=January 26, 2021}}
Japar Dimaampao - July 2, 2021{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Galvez |first=Daphne |date=September 14, 2021 |title=CA justice Japar Dimaampao appointed as 2nd Muslim SC justice |newspaper=Philippine Daily Inquirer |url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1487814/ca-justice-japar-dimaampao-appointed-as-2nd-muslim-sc-justice |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210917043556/https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1487814/ca-justice-japar-dimaampao-appointed-as-2nd-muslim-sc-justice |archive-date=September 17, 2021}}
Midas Marquez - September 27, 2021{{#invoke:Cite|news |last1=Galvez |first1=Daphne |last2=Torres-Tupas |first2=Tetch |date=November 16, 2021 |title=Duterte names Midas Marquez as SC associate justice |newspaper=Philippine Daily Inquirer |url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1515624/duterte-names-midas-marquez-as-sc-associate-justice |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211116042211/https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1515624/duterte-names-midas-marquez-as-sc-associate-justice |archive-date=November 16, 2021}}
Antonio Kho Jr. - February 23, 2022{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Kabagani |first=Lade Jean |date=February 23, 2022 |title=Duterte appoints Antonio Kho as new SC associate justice |work=Philippine News Agency |url=https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1168445 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220223161840/https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1168445 |archive-date=February 23, 2022}}
Maria Filomena Singh - May 18, 2022{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Panaligan |first=Rey |date=May 18, 2022 |title=Duterte names CA Justice Filomena Singh 15th Supreme Court member |work=Manila Bulletin |url=https://mb.com.ph/2022/05/18/duterte-names-ca-justice-filomena-singh-15th-supreme-court-member/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220518090921/https://mb.com.ph/2022/05/18/duterte-names-ca-justice-filomena-singh-15th-supreme-court-member/ |archive-date=May 18, 2022}}

Major activities

=Speeches=

{{Listen

| image = 50px

| help =

| filename = 2016 State of the Nation Address (SONA) of Rodrigo Roa Duterte, 16th President of the Republic of the Philippines.webm

| alt =

| title = 2016 State of the Nation Address

| description = Duterte delivers his first State of the Nation Address at the Batasang Pambansa with Senate President Aquilino Pimentel III (seated left) and House Speaker Pantaleon Alvarez on July 25, 2016.

}}

Inaugural Address (June 30, 2016){{#invoke:Cite|web|date=June 30, 2016 |title=Inaugural address of President Rodrigo Roa Duterte |url=https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/2016/06/30/inaugural-address-of-president-rodrigo-roa-duterte-june-30-2016/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180120150058/https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/2016/06/30/inaugural-address-of-president-rodrigo-roa-duterte-june-30-2016/ |archive-date=January 20, 2018 |website=Official Gazette of the Republic of the Philippines |language=en, ceb}}
First State of the Nation Address (July 25, 2016){{#invoke:Cite|web|date=July 25, 2016 |title=Rodrigo Roa Duterte, First State of the Nation Address, July 25, 2016 |url=https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/2016/07/25/rodrigo-roa-duterte-first-state-of-the-nation-address-july-25-2016/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201107062146/https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/2016/07/25/rodrigo-roa-duterte-first-state-of-the-nation-address-july-25-2016/ |archive-date=November 7, 2020 |website=Official Gazette of the Republic of the Philippines |language=en, fil}}
Second State of the Nation Address (July 24, 2017){{#invoke:Cite|web|date=July 24, 2017 |title=Rodrigo Roa Duterte, Second State of the Nation Address, July 24, 2017 |url=https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/2017/07/24/rodrigo-roa-duterte-second-state-of-the-nation-address-july-24-2017/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211008045334/https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/2017/07/24/rodrigo-roa-duterte-second-state-of-the-nation-address-july-24-2017/ |archive-date=October 8, 2021 |website=Official Gazette of the Republic of the Philippines |language=en, fil}}
Third State of the Nation Address (July 23, 2018){{#invoke:Cite|web|date=July 23, 2018 |title=Rodrigo Roa Duterte, Third State of the Nation Address, July 23, 2018 |url=https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/2018/07/23/rodrigo-roa-duterte-third-state-of-the-nation-address-july-23-2018/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211008045258/https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/2018/07/23/rodrigo-roa-duterte-third-state-of-the-nation-address-july-23-2018/ |archive-date=October 8, 2021 |website=Official Gazette of the Republic of the Philippines |language=en, fil}}
Fourth State of the Nation Address (July 22, 2019){{#invoke:Cite|web|date=July 22, 2019 |title=Rodrigo Roa Duterte, Fourth State of the Nation Address, July 22, 2019 |url=https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/2019/07/22/rodrigo-roa-duterte-fourth-state-of-the-nation-address-july-22-2019/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211008045122/https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/2019/07/22/rodrigo-roa-duterte-fourth-state-of-the-nation-address-july-22-2019/ |archive-date=October 8, 2021 |website=Official Gazette of the Republic of the Philippines |language=en, fil}}
Fifth State of the Nation Address (July 27, 2020){{#invoke:Cite|web|date=July 27, 2020 |title=Rodrigo Roa Duterte, Fifth State of the Nation Address, July 27, 2020 |url=https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/2020/07/27/rodrigo-roa-duterte-fifth-state-of-the-nation-address-july-27-2020/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201028170652/https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/2020/07/27/rodrigo-roa-duterte-fifth-state-of-the-nation-address-july-27-2020/ |archive-date=October 28, 2020 |website=Official Gazette of the Republic of the Philippines |language=en, fil}}
Sixth State of the Nation Address (July 26, 2021){{#invoke:Cite|web|date=July 26, 2021 |title=Rodrigo Roa Duterte, Sixth State of the Nation Address, July 26, 2021 |url=https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/2021/07/26/rodrigo-roa-duterte-sixth-state-of-the-nation-address-july-26-2021/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210917195335/https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/2021/07/26/rodrigo-roa-duterte-sixth-state-of-the-nation-address-july-26-2021/ |archive-date=September 17, 2021 |website=Official Gazette of the Republic of the Philippines |language=en, fil}}

=Major acts and legislation=

{{Main|List of major acts and legislation during the presidency of Rodrigo Duterte}}

{{See also|17th Congress of the Philippines#Laws passed|18th Congress of the Philippines#Republic Acts}}

Duterte signed into law 379 bills in the 17th Congress; 120 of these laws were national in scope while 259 were local.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Domingo |first=Katrina |date=July 20, 2019 |title=4 pct of House bills in 17th Congress enacted into law |work=ABS-CBN News |url=https://news.abs-cbn.com/news/07/20/19/4-pct-of-house-bills-in-17th-congress-enacted-into-law |access-date=July 4, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190720112948/https://news.abs-cbn.com/news/07/20/19/4-pct-of-house-bills-in-17th-congress-enacted-into-law |archive-date=July 20, 2019}} In the 18th Congress, Duterte signed into law 311 bills, of which 119 were national and 192 were local.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Cervantes |first=Filane Mikee |date=June 13, 2022 |title=18th Congress passed 311 bills that became law: report |language=en |work=Philippine News Agency |url=https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1176541 |access-date=July 4, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220613083624/https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1176541 |archive-date=June 13, 2022}}

=Executive issuances=

The Official Gazette lists 176 executive orders,{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=Master List Generator; Executive Orders; Rodrigo Roa Duterte |url=https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/masterlist-generator/?category=executive-orders&president=rodrigo-roa-duterte&per_page=100&on_order=DESC |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221117135635/https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/masterlist-generator/?category=executive-orders&president=rodrigo-roa-duterte&per_page=100&on_order=DESC |archive-date=November 17, 2022 |website=Official Gazette of the Republic of the Philippines}} 1,401 proclamations,{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=Master List Generator; Proclamations; Rodrigo Roa Duterte |url=https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/masterlist-generator/?category=proclamations&president=rodrigo-roa-duterte&per_page=100&on_order=DESC#038;president=rodrigo-roa-duterte&per_page=100&on_order=DESC |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221117133420/https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/masterlist-generator/?category=proclamations&president=rodrigo-roa-duterte&per_page=100&on_order=DESC |archive-date=November 17, 2022 |website=Official Gazette of the Republic of the Philippines}} 53 memorandum orders,{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=Master List Generator; Memorandum Orders; Rodrigo Roa Duterte |url=https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/masterlist-generator/?category=memorandum-orders&president=rodrigo-roa-duterte&per_page=100&on_order=DESC#038;president=rodrigo-roa-duterte&per_page=100&on_order=DESC |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221117134101/https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/masterlist-generator/?category=memorandum-orders&president=rodrigo-roa-duterte&per_page=100&on_order=DESC |archive-date=November 17, 2022 |website=Official Gazette of the Republic of the Philippines}} 98 memorandum circulars,{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=Master List Generator; Memorandum Circulars; Rodrigo Roa Duterte |url=https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/masterlist-generator/?category=memorandum-circulars&president=rodrigo-roa-duterte&per_page=100&on_order=DESC |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221117134653/https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/masterlist-generator/?category=memorandum-circulars&president=rodrigo-roa-duterte&per_page=100&on_order=DESC |archive-date=November 17, 2022 |website=Official Gazette of the Republic of the Philippines}} 48 administrative orders,{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=Master List Generator; Administrative Orders; Rodrigo Roa Duterte |url=https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/masterlist-generator/?category=administrative-orders&president=rodrigo-roa-duterte&per_page=100&on_order=DESC |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221117135204/https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/masterlist-generator/?category=administrative-orders&president=rodrigo-roa-duterte&per_page=100&on_order=DESC |archive-date=November 17, 2022 |website=Official Gazette of the Republic of the Philippines}} 20 special orders,{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=Master List Generator; Special Orders; Rodrigo Roa Duterte |url=https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/masterlist-generator/?category=special-orders&president=rodrigo-roa-duterte&per_page=100&on_order=DESC |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221117140423/https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/masterlist-generator/?category=special-orders&president=rodrigo-roa-duterte&per_page=100&on_order=DESC |archive-date=November 17, 2022 |website=Official Gazette of the Republic of the Philippines}} and one general order{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=Master List Generator; General Orders; Rodrigo Roa Duterte |url=https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/masterlist-generator/?category=general-orders&president=rodrigo-roa-duterte&per_page=100&on_order=DESC |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221117140054/https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/masterlist-generator/?category=general-orders&president=rodrigo-roa-duterte&per_page=100&on_order=DESC |archive-date=November 17, 2022 |website=Official Gazette of the Republic of the Philippines}} issued by Duterte.

=National budget=

class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"
scope="col" \| {{Abbr\|R. A. No.\|Republic Act}} ! scope="col" \| Title ! scope="col" \| Principal Sponsor ! scope="col" \| Date signed
scope="row" \| 10924 \| General Appropriations Act of 2017 \| Loren Legarda \| December 22, 2016{{#invoke:Cite\|news \|last=Corrales \|first=Nestor \|date=December 22, 2016 \|title=Duterte signs P3.35-T nat'l budget for 2017 \|language=en \|newspaper=Philippine Daily Inquirer \|url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/855650/duterte-signs-p3-35-t-natl-budget-for-2017 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161225173210/https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/855650/duterte-signs-p3-35-t-natl-budget-for-2017 \|archive-date=December 25, 2016}}
scope="row" \| 10964 \| General Appropriations Act of 2018 \| Loren Legarda \| December 19, 2017{{#invoke:Cite\|news \|last=Nicolas \|first=Jino \|date=December 19, 2017 \|title=Tax reform, budget implementation set \|work=BusinessWorld \|url=https://www.bworldonline.com/editors-picks/2017/12/20/94520/tax-reform-budget-implementation-set/ \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220418215133/https://www.bworldonline.com/editors-picks/2017/12/20/94520/tax-reform-budget-implementation-set/ \|archive-date=April 18, 2022}}
scope="row" \| 11260 \| General Appropriations Act of 2019 \| Loren Legarda \| April 15, 2019{{#invoke:Cite\|news \|last1=Torres \|first1=Sherrie Ann \|last2=Cruz \|first2=RG \|last3=Balancio \|first3=Joyce \|date=April 15, 2019 \|title=Duterte signs 2019 budget with vetoed provisions \|work=ABS-CBN News \|url=https://news.abs-cbn.com/news/04/15/19/duterte-signs-2019-national-budget \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190415125517/https://news.abs-cbn.com/news/04/15/19/duterte-signs-2019-national-budget \|archive-date=April 15, 2019}}
scope="row" \| 11464 \| Extension of General Appropriations Act of 2019 \| Nancy Binay \| December 20, 2019{{#invoke:Cite\|news \|last=Gita-Carlos \|first=Ruth Abbey \|date=December 26, 2019 \|title=Duterte extends 2019 budget's validity until 2020 \|language=en \|work=Philippine News Agency \|url=https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1089505 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191226063111/https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1089505 \|archive-date=December 26, 2019}}
scope="row" \| 11465 \| General Appropriations Act of 2020 \| Nancy Binay \| January 6, 2020{{#invoke:Cite\|news \|last=Parrocha \|first=Azer \|date=January 6, 2020 \|title=Duterte signs P4.1-T national budget for 2020 \|language=en \|work=Philippine News Agency \|url=https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1090126 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200106155314/https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1090126 \|archive-date=January 6, 2020}}
scope="row" \| 11520 \| General Appropriations Act of 2021 \| Nancy Binay \| December 29, 2020{{#invoke:Cite\|news \|last=Romero \|first=Alexis \|date=January 6, 2021 \|title=Duterte signs laws extending validity of Bayanihan 2, 2020 budget \|work=The Philippine Star \|url=https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2021/01/06/2068626/duterte-signs-laws-extending-validity-bayanihan-2-2020-budget \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210106090444/https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2021/01/06/2068626/duterte-signs-laws-extending-validity-bayanihan-2-2020-budget \|archive-date=January 6, 2021}}
scope="row" \| 11640 \| General Appropriations Act of 2022 \| Nancy Binay \| December 30, 2021{{#invoke:Cite\|news \|last=Unite \|first=Betheena \|date=December 30, 2021 \|title=Duterte signs P5.024-trillion national budget for 2022 \|work=Manila Bulletin \|url=https://mb.com.ph/2021/12/30/duterte-signs-p5-024-trillion-national-budget-for-2022/ \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211230043846/https://mb.com.ph/2021/12/30/duterte-signs-p5-024-trillion-national-budget-for-2022/ \|archive-date=December 30, 2021}}

class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"

scope="col" | {{Abbr|R. A. No.|Republic Act}}

! scope="col" | Title

! scope="col" | Principal Sponsor

! scope="col" | Date signed

scope="row" | 10924

| General Appropriations Act of 2017

| Loren Legarda

| December 22, 2016{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Corrales |first=Nestor |date=December 22, 2016 |title=Duterte signs P3.35-T nat'l budget for 2017 |language=en |newspaper=Philippine Daily Inquirer |url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/855650/duterte-signs-p3-35-t-natl-budget-for-2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161225173210/https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/855650/duterte-signs-p3-35-t-natl-budget-for-2017 |archive-date=December 25, 2016}}

scope="row" | 10964

| General Appropriations Act of 2018

| Loren Legarda

| December 19, 2017{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Nicolas |first=Jino |date=December 19, 2017 |title=Tax reform, budget implementation set |work=BusinessWorld |url=https://www.bworldonline.com/editors-picks/2017/12/20/94520/tax-reform-budget-implementation-set/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220418215133/https://www.bworldonline.com/editors-picks/2017/12/20/94520/tax-reform-budget-implementation-set/ |archive-date=April 18, 2022}}

scope="row" | 11260

| General Appropriations Act of 2019

| Loren Legarda

| April 15, 2019{{#invoke:Cite|news |last1=Torres |first1=Sherrie Ann |last2=Cruz |first2=RG |last3=Balancio |first3=Joyce |date=April 15, 2019 |title=Duterte signs 2019 budget with vetoed provisions |work=ABS-CBN News |url=https://news.abs-cbn.com/news/04/15/19/duterte-signs-2019-national-budget |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190415125517/https://news.abs-cbn.com/news/04/15/19/duterte-signs-2019-national-budget |archive-date=April 15, 2019}}

scope="row" | 11464

| Extension of General Appropriations Act of 2019

| Nancy Binay

| December 20, 2019{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Gita-Carlos |first=Ruth Abbey |date=December 26, 2019 |title=Duterte extends 2019 budget's validity until 2020 |language=en |work=Philippine News Agency |url=https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1089505 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191226063111/https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1089505 |archive-date=December 26, 2019}}

scope="row" | 11465

| General Appropriations Act of 2020

| Nancy Binay

| January 6, 2020{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Parrocha |first=Azer |date=January 6, 2020 |title=Duterte signs P4.1-T national budget for 2020 |language=en |work=Philippine News Agency |url=https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1090126 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200106155314/https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1090126 |archive-date=January 6, 2020}}

scope="row" | 11520

| General Appropriations Act of 2021

| Nancy Binay

| December 29, 2020{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Romero |first=Alexis |date=January 6, 2021 |title=Duterte signs laws extending validity of Bayanihan 2, 2020 budget |work=The Philippine Star |url=https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2021/01/06/2068626/duterte-signs-laws-extending-validity-bayanihan-2-2020-budget |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210106090444/https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2021/01/06/2068626/duterte-signs-laws-extending-validity-bayanihan-2-2020-budget |archive-date=January 6, 2021}}

scope="row" | 11640

| General Appropriations Act of 2022

| Nancy Binay

| December 30, 2021{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Unite |first=Betheena |date=December 30, 2021 |title=Duterte signs P5.024-trillion national budget for 2022 |work=Manila Bulletin |url=https://mb.com.ph/2021/12/30/duterte-signs-p5-024-trillion-national-budget-for-2022/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211230043846/https://mb.com.ph/2021/12/30/duterte-signs-p5-024-trillion-national-budget-for-2022/ |archive-date=December 30, 2021}}

Leadership style

Duterte is known for his authoritarian leadership style and man-of-the-people persona,{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Deligero |first=P. Y. |date=March 28, 2022 |title=Revisiting Duterte's leadership style |work=Manila Standard |url=https://manilastandard.net/spotlight/born-to-lead-president-duterte/314217349/revisiting-dutertes-leadership-style.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220327164750/https://manilastandard.net/spotlight/born-to-lead-president-duterte/314217349/revisiting-dutertes-leadership-style.html |archive-date=March 27, 2022}}{{#invoke:Cite|news |last1=Lema |first1=Karen |last2=Petty |first2=Martin |date=October 5, 2020 |title=Philippines' Duterte scores record high rating, despite virus crisis |language=en |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-philippines-duterte-idUSKBN26Q0YK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201010143337/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-philippines-duterte-idUSKBN26Q0YK |archive-date=October 10, 2020}}{{Cite journal |last1=Amador |first1=Julio |last2=Baladjay |first2=Deryk |date=December 16, 2020 |title=The New Normal of President Duterte's Independent Foreign Policy |url=https://www.eastwestcenter.org/system/tdf/private/apb540.pdf?file=1&type=node&id=39036 |journal=Asia Pacific Bulletin |location=Washington, DC |publisher=East-West Center |issue=540 |page=1 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210310082601/https://www.eastwestcenter.org/system/tdf/private/apb540.pdf?file=1&type=node&id=39036 |archive-date=March 10, 2021}} characterized by fiery rhetoric and controversial, off-the-cuff speeches.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Merez |first=Arianne |date=July 16, 2020 |title='I cannot respond,' Roque says when asked about Duterte's edited speeches |work=ABS-CBN News |url=https://news.abs-cbn.com/news/07/16/20/i-cannot-respond-roque-says-when-asked-about-dutertes-edited-speeches |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200716101642/https://news.abs-cbn.com/news/07/16/20/i-cannot-respond-roque-says-when-asked-about-dutertes-edited-speeches |archive-date=July 16, 2020}}{{#invoke:Cite|news |last1=Francia |first1=Arra B. |last2=Balinbin |first2=Arjay L. |date=January 24, 2019 |title=For some businessmen: Duterte's leadership style remains a concern |work=BusinessWorld |url=https://www.bworldonline.com/special-reports/2019/01/25/212419/for-some-businessmen-dutertes-leadership-style-remains-a-concern/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220529110341/https://www.bworldonline.com/special-reports/2019/01/25/212419/for-some-businessmen-dutertes-leadership-style-remains-a-concern/ |archive-date=May 29, 2022}} His spokesperson and advisors frequently had to interpret and clarify his remarks.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Corrales |first=Nestor |date=October 5, 2016 |title=Don't take Duterte's words literally, Palace exec tells media |language=en |newspaper=Philippine Daily Inquirer |url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/822136/use-creative-imagination-media-told-in-reporting-duterte |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161209002908/https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/822136/use-creative-imagination-media-told-in-reporting-duterte |archive-date=December 9, 2016}} Some observers expressed concern that his statements may have been misconstrued as government policy.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Bacungan |first=VJ |date=February 9, 2017 |title=Duterte: '3 in 5 of my statements are just nonsense' |work=CNN Philippines |url=https://www.cnnphilippines.com/news/2017/02/09/duterte-statement-nonsense.html | url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170209055237/https://www.cnnphilippines.com/news/2017/02/09/duterte-statement-nonsense.html |archive-date=February 9, 2017}} He was also criticized for his sexist jokes and low tolerance for dissent. Duterte believed an "iron fist" was needed to instill discipline{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Ramirez |first=Robertzon |date=April 13, 2016 |title=Duterte to rivals: Pray for your ratings to rise |work=The Philippine Star |url=https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2016/04/13/1572733/duterte-rivals-pray-your-ratings-rise |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180926142425/https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2016/04/13/1572733/duterte-rivals-pray-your-ratings-rise |archive-date=September 26, 2018}} and cultivated a public image of a father figure Tatay Digong (Father Digong), who instills order and discipline within the nation.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Francisco |first=Katerina |date=July 24, 2017 |title='Tatay Digong' brand, charisma behind Duterte's survey numbers – analysts |work=Rappler |url=https://www.rappler.com/nation/176555-sona-2017-philippines-duterte-ratings-charisma/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170724113901/https://www.rappler.com/nation/176555-sona-2017-philippines-duterte-ratings-charisma/ |archive-date=July 24, 2017}}{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Aquino |first=Norman P. |date=July 21, 2019 |title='Tatay Digong' thrives on pathos to keep rock-star status |work=BusinessWorld |url=https://www.bworldonline.com/editors-picks/2019/07/22/243481/tatay-digong-thrives-on-pathos-to-keep-rock-star-status/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220408222053/https://www.bworldonline.com/editors-picks/2019/07/22/243481/tatay-digong-thrives-on-pathos-to-keep-rock-star-status/ |archive-date=April 8, 2022}} Amid the COVID-19 pandemic, he imposed community quarantines and used the military and police to enforce social-distancing guidelines.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Luna |first=Franco |date=April 16, 2020 |title=Duterte asks public for 'discipline' in following quarantine rules |work=The Philippine Star |url=https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2020/04/16/2007845/duterte-asks-public-discipline-following-quarantine-rules |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200416155312/https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2020/04/16/2007845/duterte-asks-public-discipline-following-quarantine-rules |archive-date=April 16, 2020}} Scholars coined the term "Dutertismo" to refer to Duterte's style of governance and the illiberal and radical elements of his presidency.{{Cite journal |last=Parcon |first=Ian Clark R. |date=September 1, 2021 |title=Understanding Dutertismo: Populism and Democratic Politics in the Philippines |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1568484921000538 |url-status=live |journal=Asian Journal of Social Science |language=en |volume=49 |issue=3 |pages=131–137 |doi=10.1016/j.ajss.2021.03.001 |doi-broken-date=November 1, 2024 |issn=1568-4849 |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220806110818/https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1568484921000538 |archive-date=August 6, 2022 |access-date=July 25, 2022 }}{{Cite journal |last=Labastin |first=Benjiemen A. |date=December 2018 |title=Two Faces of Dutertismo: Two Visions of Democracy in the Philippines |url=http://ses-journal.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/2_Labastin_Special-Issue_Dec2018.pdf |journal=Social Ethics Society Journal of Applied Philosophy |publisher=La Salle University - Ozamiz |issue=Special Issue |pages=31–54 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190712104535/http://ses-journal.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/2_Labastin_Special-Issue_Dec2018.pdf |archive-date=July 12, 2019}}

Duterte has been called a populist for his rejection of titles and casual attitude.{{Cite book |last1=Ostiguy |first1=Pierre |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qC4PEAAAQBAJ |title=Populism in Global Perspective: A Performative and Discursive Approach |last2=Panizza |first2=Francisco |last3=Moffitt |first3=Benjamin |date=December 29, 2020 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-000-33542-2 |page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=qC4PEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA236 236] |language=en |access-date=January 1, 2023 |archive-date=May 23, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240523005308/https://books.google.com/books?id=qC4PEAAAQBAJ |url-status=live }}{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Dizon |first=Nikko |date=December 7, 2016 |title=Just call me mayor: Duterte shuns 'Mr. President,' 'Your Excellency' |language=en |newspaper=Philippine Daily Inquirer |url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/851411/just-call-me-mayor-duterte-shuns-mr-president-your-excellency |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200721202219/https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/851411/just-call-me-mayor-duterte-shuns-mr-president-your-excellency |archive-date=July 21, 2020}} He has issued an order prohibiting the use of honorifics for himself, his family, and his Cabinet members.{{#invoke:Cite|news |date=July 21, 2016 |title='Don't Call me Excellency' - Philippines President Bans Honorifics |language=en |work=VOA |agency=Reuters |url=https://www.voanews.com/a/philippines-anti-pomp-president-bans-honorifics/3428928.html |access-date=July 8, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160825181709/https://www.voanews.com/a/philippines-anti-pomp-president-bans-honorifics/3428928.html |archive-date=August 25, 2016}}{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Romero |first=Alexis |date=May 27, 2018 |title=Duterte: Don't refer to my kin as 'First Family' |work=The Philippine Star |url=https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2018/05/27/1819124/duterte-dont-refer-my-kin-first-family |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201109030843/https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2018/05/27/1819124/duterte-dont-refer-my-kin-first-family |archive-date=November 9, 2020}} He often chewed gum in public and wore casual attire for formal occasions,{{#invoke:Cite|news |date=January 12, 2018 |title=Duterte explains gum-chewing habit helps relieve back pain |language=en |work=South China Morning Post |agency=Agence France-Presse |url=https://www.scmp.com/news/asia/southeast-asia/article/2127995/duterte-explains-gum-chewing-habit-helps-relieve-back-pain |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180113041851/https://www.scmp.com/news/asia/southeast-asia/article/2127995/duterte-explains-gum-chewing-habit-helps-relieve-back-pain |archive-date=January 13, 2018}} saying he dresses for comfort and not to impress anybody.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Salaverria |first=Leila B. |date=November 19, 2017 |title=Duterte: I dress for comfort, and not to impress |language=en |newspaper=Philippine Daily Inquirer |url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/946107/duterte-i-dress-for-comfort-and-not-to-impress |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171119011420/https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/946107/duterte-i-dress-for-comfort-and-not-to-impress |archive-date=November 19, 2017}} His informal and unaffected attitude attracted support from many Filipinos. Duterte described himself as a night person, typically starting his working day at 13:00 or 14:00, and calling for news conferences that began at midnight.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Quismundo |first=Tarra |date=May 30, 2016 |title=New President's day starts at 1 p.m. |language=en |newspaper=Philippine Daily Inquirer |url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/788097/new-presidents-day-starts-at-1-p-m |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160601073038/https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/788097/new-presidents-day-starts-at-1-p-m |archive-date=June 1, 2016}}{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Lim |first=Frinston |date=July 1, 2017 |title=Duterte has given up night life due to advanced age |language=en |newspaper=Philippine Daily Inquirer |url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/910207/duterte-has-given-up-night-life-due-to-advanced-age |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170701165432/https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/910207/duterte-has-given-up-night-life-due-to-advanced-age |archive-date=July 1, 2017}}{{#invoke:Cite|news |date=December 1, 2020 |title='Nasaan ang Pangulo?' Duterte says his day starts at 2 p.m. |work=ABS-CBN News |url=https://news.abs-cbn.com/news/12/01/20/nasaan-ang-pangulo-duterte-says-his-day-starts-at-2-pm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201130220324/https://news.abs-cbn.com/news/12/01/20/nasaan-ang-pangulo-duterte-says-his-day-starts-at-2-pm |archive-date=November 30, 2020}}

First 100 days

File:President Rodrigo R. Duterte meets with Luis Antonio Cardinal Tagle.jpg Luis Antonio Cardinal Tagle during a courtesy call at Malacañang Palace, July 19, 2016]]

File:President Rodrigo R. Duterte signs the Freedom of Information (FOI) Executive Order in Davao (Ph2-072416-JALL1747-1).jpg in Davao City on July 24, 2016.]]

During his first 100 days in office, Duterte issued an executive order on freedom of information and sought to resume peace talks with communist insurgents. He also formulated a comprehensive tax-reform plan and led efforts to pass the Bangsamoro Basic Law. Additionally, he sought to streamline government transactions and launched the nationwide 9–1–1 rescue and 8888 complaint hotlines. He also established a one-stop service center for overseas Filipino workers and increased the combat and incentive pay of soldiers and police personnel.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Valente |first=Catherine S. |date=October 8, 2016 |title=First 100 days yield significant accomplishments |language=en |work=The Manila Times |url=https://www.manilatimes.net/2016/10/08/news/top-stories/first-100-days-yield-significant-accomplishments/290072/ |access-date=May 15, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191205121827/https://www.manilatimes.net/2016/10/08/news/top-stories/first-100-days-yield-significant-accomplishments/290072/ |archive-date=December 5, 2019}} Internationally, he took actions to limit the number of visiting US troops in the country and had contact with China and Russia to improve diplomatic relations.{{#invoke:Cite|news |date=October 8, 2016 |title=A look at the 1st 100 days of Duterte's phenomenal rule |language=en |newspaper=Philippine Daily Inquirer |agency=Associated Press |url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/823155/a-look-at-the-1st-100-days-of-dutertes-phenomenal-rule |access-date=May 15, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161210230705/http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/823155/a-look-at-the-1st-100-days-of-dutertes-phenomenal-rule |archive-date=December 10, 2016}}

Duterte launched a campaign against illegal drugs resulting in the arrest of 22,000 suspects, surrender of 731,000 people, and deaths of 3,300, half killed by unknown assailants. He criticized the Catholic Church and the international critics, including US President Barack Obama, the US government, the United Nations, and the European Union, who condemned his tactics.

After the September 2 bombing in Davao City killed 14 people, Duterte issued Proclamation No. 55, officially declaring a "state of national emergency on account of lawless violence in Mindanao".{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Viray, P.L. |date=September 6, 2016 |title=Palace issues proclamation of state of national emergency |work=The Philippine Star |url=http://www.philstar.com/headlines/2016/09/06/1621023/palace-issues-proclamation-state-national-emergency |access-date=September 6, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160907165504/http://www.philstar.com/headlines/2016/09/06/1621023/palace-issues-proclamation-state-national-emergency |archive-date=September 7, 2016}}

Domestic affairs

=Insurgency and terrorism=

{{Further|Insurgency in the Philippines|Terrorism in the Philippines}}

==Islamic insurgency in Mindanao==

{{further|Bangsamoro peace process|Moro conflict|Bangsamoro Organic Law}}

File:Rodrigo Duterte welcomes Nur Misuari in Malacañang.jpg chairman, founder and former ARMM Governor Nur Misuari, November 3, 2016]]

Duterte, from Mindanao, gained Muslim support in the 2016 election.{{#invoke:Cite|news |date=May 6, 2016 |title=MNLF Founder Nur Misuari Weighs in on the Philippine Presidential Election |work=Vice News |url=https://news.vice.com/video/mnlf-founder-nur-misuari-weighs-in-on-philippine-presidential-election |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160508210811/https://news.vice.com/video/mnlf-founder-nur-misuari-weighs-in-on-philippine-presidential-election |archive-date=May 8, 2016}}{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Tayao-Juego |first=Annelle |date=May 8, 2016 |title=Muslim groups back Duterte, ask Aquino for clean polls |newspaper=Philippine Daily Inquirer |location=Manila, Philippines |url=http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/783952/muslim-groups-back-duterte-ask-aquino-for-clean-polls |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160719113604/http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/784298/nur-misuari-bats-for-duterte-marcos-report |archive-date=July 19, 2016}} He argued that the Moro National Liberation Front (MNLF) and Moro Islamic Liberation Front (MILF) were not terrorists but Moro coalitions fighting for dignity.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Mellejor |first=Lilian C. |date=July 8, 2014 |title=MILF, MNLF not terrorist groups, simply fighting for Moro dignity - Duterte |work=InterAksyon |publisher=The Philippine Star |agency=Philippine News Agency |location=Davao City |url=http://interaksyon.com/article/90739/milf-mnlf-not-terrorist-groups-simply-fighting-for-moro-dignity---duterte |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170118053022/http://interaksyon.com/article/90739/milf-mnlf-not-terrorist-groups-simply-fighting-for-moro-dignity---duterte |archive-date=January 18, 2017}} He blamed colonial Christianity and the United States for the Moro conflict in Mindanao.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Bartolome |first=Jessica |date=July 8, 2016 |title=Duterte: America, not Middle East, responsible for 'importing terrorism' |work=GMA News Online |url=http://www.gmanetwork.com/news/story/572953/news/nation/duterte-america-not-middle-east-responsible-for-importing-terrorism |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170118054010/http://www.gmanetwork.com/news/story/572953/news/nation/duterte-america-not-middle-east-responsible-for-importing-terrorism |archive-date=January 18, 2017}}{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Estremera |first=Stella A. |date=September 6, 2016 |title=Duterte reminds US of Bud Dajo massacre |language=English |work=SunStar |url=https://www.sunstar.com.ph/article/96464/Business/Duterte-reminds-US-of-Bud-Dajo-massacre |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191119043547/https://www.sunstar.com.ph/article/96464/Business/Duterte-reminds-US-of-Bud-Dajo-massacre |archive-date=November 19, 2019}}

In 2016, Duterte signed an executive order expanding the Bangsamoro Transition Commission from 15 members to 21, with 11 chosen by the MILF and 10 nominated by the government. This commission is responsible for drafting the Bangsamoro Basic Law, which is seen as a key part of the federalism plan for resolving the Bangsamoro peace process.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Bartolome |first=Jessica |date=July 8, 2016 |title=Plan B: Duterte promises BBL for both MNLF, MILF if Filipinos vote against federalism |work=GMA News Online |url=http://www.gmanetwork.com/news/story/572959/news/nation/plan-b-duterte-promises-bbl-for-both-mnlf-milf-if-filipinos-vote-against-federalism |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160920055556/http://www.gmanetwork.com/news/story/572959/news/nation/plan-b-duterte-promises-bbl-for-both-mnlf-milf-if-filipinos-vote-against-federalism |archive-date=September 20, 2016}}{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=de Jesus |first=Julliane Love |date=July 8, 2016 |title=Duterte promises to fix insurgency, war in Mindanao before his term ends |newspaper=Philippine Daily Inquirer |url=http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/795114/duterte-promises-to-fix-insurgency-war-in-mindanao-before-his-term-ends |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160921082930/http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/795114/duterte-promises-to-fix-insurgency-war-in-mindanao-before-his-term-ends |archive-date=September 21, 2016}}{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Aben |first=Elena |date=November 7, 2016 |title=Duterte signs EO on Bangsamoro transition commission |work=Manila Bulletin |url=http://news.mb.com.ph/2016/11/07/duterte-signs-eo-on-bangsamoro-transition-commission/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161107233218/http://news.mb.com.ph/2016/11/07/duterte-signs-eo-on-bangsamoro-transition-commission/ |archive-date=November 7, 2016}}

File:BOL Presentation to MILF, Duterte.jpg to the MILF at Malacañang Palace on August 6, 2018]]

Following the Comprehensive Agreement on the Bangsamoro signed between the Government of the Philippines and the MILF in 2014,{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Cudis |first=Christine |date=January 27, 2019 |title=TIMELINE: The Bangsamoro peace process |language=en |work=Philippine News Agency |url=https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1059598 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190127042609/https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1059598 |archive-date=January 27, 2019}} on July 26, 2018, Duterte signed the Bangsamoro Organic Law, which abolished the Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (ARMM) and provided the basic structure of government for the Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (BARMM).{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Geducos |first=Argyll Cyrus |date=July 27, 2018 |title=Duterte signs Bangsamoro Law |work=Manila Bulletin |url=https://news.mb.com.ph/2018/07/26/duterte-signs-bangsamoro-law/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180727032048/https://news.mb.com.ph/2018/07/26/duterte-signs-bangsamoro-law/ |archive-date=July 27, 2018}} Duterte signed an executive order in April 2019 facilitating the decommissioning of MILF forces and weapons;{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Corrales |first=Nestor |date=April 30, 2019 |title=Duterte signs EO implementing annex of normalization under Bangsamoro |language=en |newspaper=Philippine Daily Inquirer |url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1112084/duterte-signs-eo-implementing-annex-of-normalization-under-bangsamoro |access-date=June 18, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190501141657/https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1112084/duterte-signs-eo-implementing-annex-of-normalization-under-bangsamoro |archive-date=May 1, 2019}} from June 2019{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Aurelio |first=Julie M. |date=June 19, 2019 |title=MILF decommissioning starts |newspaper=Philippine Daily Inquirer |location=Manila |url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1131720/milf-decommissioning-starts |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190618233513/https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1131720/milf-decommissioning-starts |archive-date=June 18, 2019}} to May 2022, around 19,200 former MILF combatants and 2,100 weapons were decommissioned.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Kabagani |first=Lade Jean |date=May 31, 2022 |title=Comprehensive peace process flourished under Duterte admin |work=Philippine News Agency |location=Manila |url=https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1175552 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220605135037/https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1175552 |archive-date=June 5, 2022}}{{Cite journal |date=February 18, 2022 |title=Southern Philippines: Fostering an Inclusive Bangsamoro |url=https://d2071andvip0wj.cloudfront.net/322-southern-philippines-inclusive-bangsamoro.pdf |journal=Asia Report |location=Brussels, Belgium |publisher=International Crisis Group |issue=322 |page=4 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220218161425/https://d2071andvip0wj.cloudfront.net/322-southern-philippines-inclusive-bangsamoro.pdf |archive-date=February 18, 2022}} At the urging of the Bangsamoro Transition Authority, Duterte signed a law postponing the first parliamentary elections of BARMM from 2022 to 2025.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Engelbrecht |first=Georgi |date=October 29, 2021 |title=The Philippines: Three More Years for the Bangsamoro Transition |language=en |work=International Crisis Group |url=https://www.crisisgroup.org/asia/south-east-asia/philippines/philippines-three-more-years-bangsamoro-transition |access-date=June 18, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211029161524/https://www.crisisgroup.org/asia/south-east-asia/philippines/philippines-three-more-years-bangsamoro-transition |archive-date=October 29, 2021}}{{#invoke:Cite|news |last1=Alipala |first1=Bong S. |last2=Sarmiento |first2=Julie S. |date=October 30, 2021 |title=Bangsamoro polls reset to 2025 |language=en |newspaper=Philippine Daily Inquirer |url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1508235/bangsamoro-polls-reset-to-2025 |access-date=June 18, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211029220604/https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1508235/bangsamoro-polls-reset-to-2025 |archive-date=October 29, 2021}}

==Campaign against terrorism==

{{See also|Siege of Marawi|2019 Jolo Cathedral bombings|2020 Jolo bombings|Anti-Terrorism Act of 2020}}

{{listen

| type = speech

| title = Declaration of liberation of Marawi

| filename = Rodrigo Duterte declares Marawi City liberated from terrorist influence-WmOZt28eSsc.oga

| description = Rodrigo Duterte declares Marawi liberated from terrorist influence on October 17, 2017.

}}

On May 23, 2017, clashes between Philippine security forces and the ISIS-affiliated Maute and Abu Sayyaf (ASG) Salafi jihadist groups occurred in Marawi, prompting Duterte to declare martial law across Mindanao.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Mendoza |first=Greanne |date=May 23, 2017 |title=Duterte declares Martial Law in Mindanao |work=ABS-CBN News |url=http://news.abs-cbn.com/news/05/23/17/duterte-declares-martial-law-in-mindanao |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170523170550/https://news.abs-cbn.com/news/05/23/17/duterte-declares-martial-law-in-mindanao |archive-date=May 23, 2017}}{{#invoke:Cite|news |last1=Velasco |first1=Trini |last2=Andrade |first2=Cris Angelo |last3=Mendoza |first3=Trisha |date=May 23, 2017 |title=TIMELINE: Maute attack in Marawi City |work=ABS-CBN News |url=http://news.abs-cbn.com/focus/05/23/17/timeline-maute-attack-in-marawi-city |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170523174112/http://news.abs-cbn.com/focus/05/23/17/timeline-maute-attack-in-marawi-city |archive-date=May 23, 2017}}{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Morallo |first=Audrey |date=May 23, 2017 |title=AFP: Marawi clashes part of security operation, not terrorist attack |work=The Philippine Star |url=http://www.philstar.com/headlines/2017/05/23/1702885/afp-marawi-clashes-part-security-operation-not-terrorist-attack |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170523131033/https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2017/05/23/1702885/afp-marawi-clashes-part-security-operation-not-terrorist-attack |archive-date=May 23, 2017}} The city was extensively damaged by militant fire{{#invoke:Cite|news |last1=McKirdy |first1=Euan |last2=Berlinger |first2=Joshua |date=October 17, 2017 |title=Philippines' Duterte declares liberation of Marawi from ISIS-affiliated militants |work=CNN |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2017/10/17/asia/duterte-marawi-liberation/index.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171017075815/https://edition.cnn.com/2017/10/17/asia/duterte-marawi-liberation/index.html |archive-date=October 17, 2017}} and military airstrikes,{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=McKirdy |first=Euan |date=July 5, 2017 |title=Satellite imagery shows devastation of ISIS-held Marawi |work=CNN |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2017/07/05/asia/marawi-philippines-isis-satellite-imagery/index.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170705210617/https://edition.cnn.com/2017/07/05/asia/marawi-philippines-isis-satellite-imagery/index.html |archive-date=July 5, 2017}} necessitating rehabilitation,{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Placido |first=Dharel |date=July 3, 2017 |title=Duterte orders creation of 'Task Force Bangon Marawi' |work=ABS-CBN News |url=https://news.abs-cbn.com/news/07/03/17/duterte-orders-creation-of-task-force-bangon-marawi |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170703094705/https://news.abs-cbn.com/news/07/03/17/duterte-orders-creation-of-task-force-bangon-marawi |archive-date=July 3, 2017}} and Marawi was declared liberated from terrorist influence on October 17. Congress granted Duterte's requests to extend martial law in Mindanao thrice between 2017 and 2019.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Luu |first=Chieu |date=July 22, 2017 |title=Philippines extends martial law in Mindanao |work=CNN |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2017/07/22/asia/philippines-mindanao-violence-duterte-extends-martial-law/index.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170724204814/http://edition.cnn.com/2017/07/22/asia/philippines-mindanao-violence-duterte-extends-martial-law/index.html |archive-date=July 24, 2017}}{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Santos |first=Eimor P. |date=December 14, 2017 |title=Congress grants Duterte request to extend Mindanao martial law until end of 2018 |work=CNN Philippines |url=https://www.cnnphilippines.com/news/2017/12/13/Congress-approves-martial-law-extension-Mindanao-2018.html | url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171214143920/https://cnnphilippines.com/news/2017/12/13/Congress-approves-martial-law-extension-Mindanao-2018.html |archive-date=December 14, 2017}}{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Cervantes |first=Filane Mikee |date=December 12, 2018 |title=Congress grants martial law extension until end of 2019 |language=en |work=Philippine News Agency |url=https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1056438 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181216005617/http://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1056438 |archive-date=December 16, 2018}} Martial law lapsed on January 1, 2020, after Duterte decided not to extend it.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Cigaral |first=Nicolas |date=January 1, 2020 |title=Martial law in Mindanao ends after 953 days |work=The Philippine Star |url=https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2020/01/01/1981218/martial-law-mindanao-ends-after-953-days |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200105225137/https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2020/01/01/1981218/martial-law-mindanao-ends-after-953-days |archive-date=January 5, 2020}}{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Corrales |first=Nestor |date=December 31, 2019 |title='Strong security' in Mindanao as martial law ends on New Year's eve |newspaper=Philippine Daily Inquirer |url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1207904/strong-security-in-mindanao-as-martial-law-ends-on-new-years-eve |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191231161051/https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1207904/strong-security-in-mindanao-as-martial-law-ends-on-new-years-eve |archive-date=December 31, 2019}}

In July 2020, Duterte signed the Anti-Terrorism Act of 2020;{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Gita-Carlos |first=Ruth Abbey |date=July 3, 2020 |title=Duterte signs anti-terror bill into law |work=Philippine News Agency |url=https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1107921 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200704165244/https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1107921 |archive-date=July 4, 2020}} critics argued the law relaxes safeguards on human rights and is prone to abuse, while authors and sponsors of the bill compared it to laws of other countries and maintained it would not be used against law-abiding citizens.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Santos |first=Elmor |date=July 3, 2020 |title=Duterte signs into law the controversial anti-terrorism bill |work=CNN Philippines |url=https://cnnphilippines.com/news/2020/7/3/duterte-signs-anti-terrorism-law.html | url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200801213314/https://cnnphilippines.com/news/2020/7/3/duterte-signs-anti-terrorism-law.html |archive-date=August 1, 2020}} From 2016-2021, 1,544 ASG members, 971 Bangsamoro Islamic Freedom Fighters members, and 1,427 Dawlah Islamiyah members were captured, killed, or surrendered.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Nepomuceno |first=Priam |date=May 30, 2022 |title=NTF-ELCAC, Anti-Terrorism Act crucial to PH fight vs. insurgency |language=en |work=Philippine News Agency |url=https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1175394 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220530061830/https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1175394 |archive-date=May 30, 2022}}

==Campaign against communist insurgency==

{{further|Communist rebellion in the Philippines|New People's Army rebellion}}

File:Rodrigo Duterte and Wilma Tiamzon.jpg and CPP-NPA chairman Benito Tiamzon (foreground, center) on September 26, 2016.]]

Duterte sought peace with communist rebels,{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Santos |first=Eimor P. |date=October 3, 2018 |title=Duterte fires left-leaning Labor official |work=CNN Philippines |url=http://nine.cnnphilippines.com/news/2018/10/03/Duterte-fires-left-leaning-Labor-official.html | url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190411104426/http://nine.cnnphilippines.com/news/2018/10/03/Duterte-fires-left-leaning-Labor-official.html |archive-date=April 11, 2019}} directing his advisor Silvestre Bello III to lead talks with the Communist Party of the Philippines (CPP), the New People's Army (NPA), and the National Democratic Front (NDF) in Oslo. The administration hoped for a peace treaty within a year and temporarily released communist prisoners, including CPP-NPA chairman Benito Tiamzon and CPP-NPA secretary-general Wilma Tiamzon, for the talks.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Macas |first=Trisha |date=August 22, 2016 |title=PHL hopes for peace deal with CPP-NPA-NDF within a year |work=GMA News Online |url=http://www.gmanetwork.com/news/story/578539/news/nation/phl-hopes-for-peace-deal-with-cpp-npa-ndf-within-a-year |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160923190622/http://www.gmanetwork.com/news/story/578539/news/nation/phl-hopes-for-peace-deal-with-cpp-npa-ndf-within-a-year |archive-date=September 23, 2016}}{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Gavilan |first=Jodesz |date=August 22, 2016 |title=WHO'S WHO: Political prisoners released for Oslo peace talks |work=Rappler |url=https://www.rappler.com/newsbreak/iq/143498-political-prisoners-ndf-consultants-peace-talks/ |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220825100823/https://www.rappler.com/newsbreak/iq/143498-political-prisoners-ndf-consultants-peace-talks/ |archive-date=August 25, 2022 |access-date=August 25, 2022 |url-status=live }}

The Commission on Appointments rejected several officials appointed by Duterte with leftist affiliations, and relations between Duterte and the communist rebels deteriorated.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Esguerra |first=Darryl John |date=October 3, 2018 |title=Duterte fires last leftist in government |newspaper=Philippine Daily Inquirer |url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1038554/duterte-fires-last-leftist-in-government |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220224212549/https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1038554/duterte-fires-last-leftist-in-government |archive-date=February 24, 2022}} Duterte rejected communist rebel proposals for a "coalition government".{{#invoke:Cite|news |last1=Musico |first1=Jelly |title=Duterte says no ceasefire with Reds 'ever again' |url=https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1124095 |access-date=June 15, 2023 |work=Philippine News Agency |date=December 8, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201208034436/https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1124095 |archive-date=December 8, 2020}}{{cite news |last1=Keck |first1=Madeleine |title=Duterte explains why he terminated foreign-brokered peace talks with country's rebels |url=https://southeastasiaglobe.com/duterte-terminates-communist-peace-talks/ |access-date=June 15, 2023 |work=Southeast Asia Globe |date=November 29, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230615180545/https://southeastasiaglobe.com/duterte-terminates-communist-peace-talks/ |archive-date=June 15, 2023}} After the NPA allegedly killed soldiers in an encounter during a ceasefire, Duterte canceled negotiations with the CPP-NPA-NDF and designated them as a terrorist organization{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Tordecilla |first=Karmela |date=February 6, 2017 |title=Duterte: CPP-NPA-NDF a terrorist group |work=CNN Philippines |url=http://cnnphilippines.com/news/2017/02/06/duterte-says-npa-ndf-cpp-terrorist-group.html | url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170206053157/http://cnnphilippines.com/news/2017/02/06/duterte-says-npa-ndf-cpp-terrorist-group.html |archive-date=February 6, 2017}} and ordered the arrest of all NDF negotiators.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Jerusalem |first=Jigger |date=February 6, 2017 |title=Duterte orders arrest of NDFP negotiators |newspaper=Philippine Daily Inquirer |url=http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/868473/duterte-orders-arrest-of-ndfp-negotiators |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170205174147/http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/868473/duterte-orders-arrest-of-ndfp-negotiators |archive-date=February 5, 2017}} Clashes between the military and the rebels resumed after the ceasefire was lifted.{{#invoke:Cite|news |date=February 6, 2017 |title=Rebel killed in clash after Duterte lifts truce: military |work=ABS-CBN News |url=http://news.abs-cbn.com/news/02/06/17/rebel-killed-in-clash-after-duterte-lifts-truce-military |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170206023035/http://news.abs-cbn.com/news/02/06/17/rebel-killed-in-clash-after-duterte-lifts-truce-military |archive-date=February 6, 2017}}

File:President Rodrigo Roa Duterte presides over a meeting with the National Task Force to End Local Communist Armed Conflict (NTF-ELCAC) at the Malacañan Palace on April 15, 2019 7.jpg at the Malacañan Palace on April 15, 2019]]

Duterte formed a task force to centralize government efforts for the reintegration of former rebels{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Geducos |first=Argyll Cyrus |date=April 5, 2018 |title=Duterte creates task force for the reintegration of former rebels |work=Manila Bulletin |url=https://news.mb.com.ph/2018/04/04/duterte-creates-task-force-for-the-reintegration-of-former-rebels/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191129014345/https://news.mb.com.ph/2018/04/04/duterte-creates-task-force-for-the-reintegration-of-former-rebels/ |archive-date=November 29, 2019}}{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Parrocha |first=Azer |date=May 31, 2018 |title=DND issues IRR for task force aiding reintegration of rebel returnees |work=Philippine News Agency |url=https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1037016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180620150548/http://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1037016 |archive-date=June 20, 2018}} and issued an executive order in December 2018 creating the National Task Force to End Local Communist Armed Conflict (NTF-ELCAC) to implement a "Whole-of-nation approach" in addressing the "root causes" of communism.{{#invoke:Cite|news |date=December 12, 2018 |title=Duterte: Gov't shifts to 'civilian-led approach' in fight vs. communists |work=CNN Philippines |url=http://cnnphilippines.com/news/2018/12/11/duterte-executive-order-70-whole-of-nation.html | url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181220153000/http://cnnphilippines.com/news/2018/12/11/duterte-executive-order-70-whole-of-nation.html |archive-date=December 20, 2018}} In March 2019, he permanently terminated peace negotiations with the CPP-NPA-NDF, facilitating localized peace talks.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Roque |first=EJ |date=March 21, 2019 |title=Duterte permanently ends peace talks with Reds |work=Philippine News Agency |url=https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1065301 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190323122414/http://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1065301 |archive-date=March 23, 2019}}{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Romero |first=Alexis |date=March 21, 2019 |title=Duterte declares permanent termination of talks with Reds |work=The Philippine Star |url=https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2019/03/21/1903483/duterte-declares-permanent-termination-talks-reds |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190327220251/https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2019/03/21/1903483/duterte-declares-permanent-termination-talks-reds |archive-date=March 27, 2019}}

In July 2017, Duterte threatened to bomb Lumad schools, alleging they shelter rebels and teach against the government.{{#invoke:Cite|news |date=July 24, 2017 |title=Duterte threatens to bomb Lumad schools |work=GMA News Online |url=https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/topstories/nation/619324/duterte-warns-lumads-i-ll-bomb-your-schools/story/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220302190028/https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/topstories/nation/619324/duterte-warns-lumads-i-ll-bomb-your-schools/story/ |archive-date=March 2, 2022}} In August 2017, the DepEd said that the schools undergo regular performance monitoring and that the DepEd had not received reports of Lumad schools teaching subversion or communism.{{Cite web |last= |date=2017-08-02 |title=DepEd: All Lumad schools in Davao are registered |url=https://www.sunstar.com.ph/more-articles/deped-all-lumad-schools-in-davao-are-registered |access-date=2025-03-16 |website=SunStar |language=en}} Duterte supported the military's claim that the left-wing party-lists of the Makabayan Bloc are fronts for the CPP, drawing criticism for red-tagging, which he denied.{{#invoke:Cite|news |date=November 30, 2020 |title=Duterte to Makabayan bloc: 'We are not red-tagging you, we are identifying you as communists' |work=CNN Philippines |url=https://www.cnnphilippines.com/news/2020/11/30/Duterte-denies-red-tagging-Makabayan-bloc--supports-military-s-assertion-they-are--communists-.html |access-date=June 14, 2022 | url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201130154838/https://www.cnnphilippines.com/news/2020/11/30/Duterte-denies-red-tagging-Makabayan-bloc--supports-military-s-assertion-they-are--communists-.html |archive-date=November 30, 2020}}{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Mercado |first=Neil Arwin |date=November 30, 2020 |title=Duterte tells leftwing groups: 'We are not red-tagging you, we are identifying you as communist fronts' |language=en |newspaper=Philippine Daily Inquirer |url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1366569/duterte-tells-makabayan-bloc-legal-communist-fronts-we-are-not-red-tagging-you |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201130133115/https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1366569/duterte-tells-makabayan-bloc-legal-communist-fronts-we-are-not-red-tagging-you |archive-date=November 30, 2020}}

By the end of Duterte's term in office, the number of NPA guerrilla fronts was reduced from 89 to 23; of more than 25,000 "members, supporters, and sympathizers of the underground movement", only 2,000 remained according to the Armed Forces of the Philippines (AFP).{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Nepomuceno |first=Priam |date=July 7, 2022 |title=Duterte admin made significant gains vs. NPA: AFP |language=en |work=Philippine News Agency |url=https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1178431 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220707084355/https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1178431 |archive-date=July 7, 2022}}

=Defense=

File:President Rodrigo Roa Duterte inspects the S-70i Blackhawk helicopter, one of the newly delivered air assets for the Philippine Air Force at the Haribon Hangar in Clark Air Base, Pampanga on February 12, 2021 (MADELO 02122021-14).jpg Black Hawk helicopter in Clark Air Base, Pampanga on February 12, 2021.]]

The Duterte administration committed to continue the 15-year modernization program of the AFP initiated by the Arroyo administration and revived by the Benigno Aquino III administration.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Laude |first=Jaime |date=July 3, 2016 |title=Duterte to continue AFP modernization program |work=The Philippine Star |url=https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2016/07/03/1599050/duterte-continue-afp-modernization-program |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160703113117/https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2016/07/03/1599050/duterte-continue-afp-modernization-program |archive-date=July 3, 2016}} In October 2016, the Duterte administration signed a contract with Hyundai Heavy Industries for two missile frigates worth ₱15.74 billion. The two frigates were delivered in 2020 and 2021,{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Parrocha |first=Azer |date=May 24, 2020 |title=Palace welcomes historic arrival of PH's 1st missile-capable ship |language=en |work=Philippine News Agency |url=https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1103794 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200611055538/https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1103794 |archive-date=June 11, 2020}}{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Nepomuceno |first=Priam |date=February 9, 2021 |title=2nd missile frigate BRP Antonio Luna now in PH waters |language=en |work=Philippine News Agency |url=https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1130113 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210209101638/https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1130113 |archive-date=February 9, 2021}} and were officially commissioned as BRP Jose Rizal (FF-150) and BRP Antonio Luna (FF-151), respectively.{{#invoke:Cite|news |date=October 25, 2016 |title=PH buys 2 new frigates from South Korean firm |work=ABS-CBN News |agency=Reuters |url=https://news.abs-cbn.com/news/10/25/16/ph-buys-2-new-frigates-from-south-korean-firm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161026232910/https://news.abs-cbn.com/news/10/25/16/ph-buys-2-new-frigates-from-south-korean-firm |archive-date=October 26, 2016}}{{#invoke:Cite|news |date=July 10, 2020 |title=Duterte lauds 'new era' of Navy with commissioning of missile-capable frigate |work=CNN Philippines |url=https://www.cnnphilippines.com/news/2020/7/10/duterte-brp-jose-rizal.html | url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200710235126/https://www.cnnphilippines.com/news/2020/7/10/duterte-brp-jose-rizal.html |archive-date=July 10, 2020}}{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Bajo |first=Anna Felicia |date=March 19, 2021 |title=Navy commissions second missile-capable frigate BRP Antonio Luna |language=en |work=GMA News Online |url=https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/topstories/nation/780342/navy-commissions-second-missile-capable-frigate-brp-antonio-luna/story/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220523113101/https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/topstories/nation/780342/navy-commissions-second-missile-capable-frigate-brp-antonio-luna/story/ |archive-date=May 23, 2022}}

On June 20, 2018, Duterte approved the ₱300 billion budget for Horizon 2, the second phase of the Revised AFP Modernization Program, which ran from 2018 to 2022.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Bondoc |first=Marlly Rome |date=June 20, 2018 |title=Duterte approves P300-B phase 2 of AFP modernization program |language=en |work=GMA News Online |url=https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/topstories/nation/657620/duterte-approves-p300-b-phase-2-of-afp-modernization-program/story/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220523110459/https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/topstories/nation/657620/duterte-approves-p300-b-phase-2-of-afp-modernization-program/story/ |archive-date=May 23, 2022}}{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Mangosing |first=Frances |date=June 20, 2018 |title=Duterte OKs AFP modernization shopping list for Horizon 2 |language=en |newspaper=Philippine Daily Inquirer |url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1002560/duterte-oks-afp-modernization-shopping-list-for-horizon-2 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180623075052/https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1002560/duterte-oks-afp-modernization-shopping-list-for-horizon-2 |archive-date=June 23, 2018}} In February 2022, the Duterte administration signed a ₱32 billion deal to purchase 32 additional S-70i "Black Hawk" combat utility helicopters from PZL Mielec of Poland.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Nepomuceno |first=Priam |date=February 22, 2022 |title=DND to sign deal for purchase of 32 more 'Black Hawk' helicopters |language=en |work=Philippine News Agency |url=https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1168267 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220222040115/https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1168267 |archive-date=February 22, 2022}}{{#invoke:Cite|news |date=February 22, 2022 |title=Philippines signs $624 million deal for 32 Black Hawks |language=en |work=Associated Press |url=https://apnews.com/article/business-philippines-manila-rodrigo-duterte-3f5a752657044d23a2df07b4156f690b |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220222175047/https://apnews.com/article/business-philippines-manila-rodrigo-duterte-3f5a752657044d23a2df07b4156f690b |archive-date=February 22, 2022}}

In April 2022, Duterte signed a law restricting the chief of staff and other senior AFP officers to a fixed, three-year term unless terminated earlier by the President. The law allows for extensions "in times of war or other national emergency declared by Congress".{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Parrocha |first=Azer |date=May 16, 2022 |title=PRRD signs law fixing term of AFP chief, other senior officers |language=en |work=Philippine News Agency |url=https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1174571 |access-date=June 27, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220516102840/https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1174571 |archive-date=May 16, 2022}}

By June 2022, Duterte's last month in office, 54 projects under the AFP Modernization Act and the Revised AFP Modernization Act had been completed.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Nepomuceno |first=Priam |date=June 1, 2022 |title=More responsive AFP, result of PRRD's strong support for military |language=en |work=Philippine News Agency |url=https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1175619 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220601050305/https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1175619 |archive-date=June 1, 2022}}

=Crime=

Duterte ran a law-and-order campaign.{{#invoke:Cite|news |date=July 26, 2016 |title=SONA 2016: What are Duterte's priorities? |work=CNN Philippines |url=https://www.cnnphilippines.com/news/2016/07/25/sona-2016-duterte-priorities.html | url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160726133006/https://www.cnnphilippines.com/news/2016/07/25/sona-2016-duterte-priorities.html |archive-date=July 26, 2016}} He created a task force to ensure a safe environment for media workers{{#invoke:Cite|web|last=Ordenes |first=Lala |date=July 21, 2017 |title=SONA 2016 PROMISE TRACKER: Media |url=https://verafiles.org/articles/media |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170808120304/https://verafiles.org/articles/media |archive-date=August 8, 2017 |website=VERA Files |quote=The Duterte administration fulfilled this promise on October 11, 2016 when the president signed Administrative Order No. 1 creating the Presidential Task Force against Media Killings. It was later renamed Presidential Task Force on Media Security (PTFoMS), with former Manila Times journalist Joel Sy Egco as its executive director.}}{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Corrales |first=Nestor |date=October 13, 2016 |title=Duterte forms presidential task force vs media killings |language=en |newspaper=Philippine Daily Inquirer |url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/824939/duterte-signs-ao-forming-presidential-task-force-vs-media-killings |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161013155003/https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/824939/duterte-signs-ao-forming-presidential-task-force-vs-media-killings |archive-date=October 13, 2016}} and signed a law creating the Office of the Judiciary Marshals, which was tasked with ensuring the security and protection of judiciary personnel and property.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Romero |first=Alexis |date=April 27, 2022 |title=Duterte signs law creating judiciary marshal service |work=The Philippine Star |url=https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2022/04/27/2177220/duterte-signs-law-creating-judiciary-marshal-service |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220504214311/https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2022/04/27/2177220/duterte-signs-law-creating-judiciary-marshal-service |archive-date=May 4, 2022}} He appointed at least 1,700 new prosecutors to the National Prosecution Service,{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Pulta |first=Benjamin |date=June 16, 2022 |title=Duterte admin appointed 'most number' of prosecutors: Guevarra |language=en |work=Philippine News Agency |url=https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1176878 |access-date=June 19, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220619113527/https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1176878 |archive-date=June 19, 2022}} and signed legislation prohibiting hazing in university organizations,{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Parrocha |first=Azer |date=July 11, 2018 |title=Duterte signs law banning all forms of hazing |work=Philippine News Agency |url=https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1041181 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180817071640/http://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1041181 |archive-date=August 17, 2018}} increasing penalties for gender-based harassment in public places,{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Parrocha |first=Azer |date=July 17, 2019 |title=Duterte signs law imposing heftier fines for sexual harassment |work=Philippine News Agency |url=https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1075014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190717101828/https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1075014 |archive-date=July 17, 2019}}{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Corrales |first=Nestor |date=July 15, 2019 |title=No more catcalling: Duterte signs 'Bawal Bastos' law |newspaper=Philippine Daily Inquirer |url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1142021/no-more-catcalling-duterte-signs-bawal-bastos-law |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190717005814/https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1142021/no-more-catcalling-duterte-signs-bawal-bastos-law |archive-date=July 17, 2019}} and increasing protection of consumers against fraud.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Parrocha |first=Azer |date=May 17, 2022 |title=Duterte OKs law protecting financial consumers |language=en |work=Philippine News Agency |url=https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1174641 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220517074712/https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1174641 |archive-date=May 17, 2022}}{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Parrocha |first=Azer |date=May 16, 2022 |title=Duterte inks Timbangan ng Bayan law |language=en |work=Philippine News Agency |url=https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1174582 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220517105120/https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1174582 |archive-date=May 17, 2022}} He strengthened the Anti-Trafficking in Persons Act,{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Parrocha |first=Azer |date=June 28, 2022 |title=Duterte inks expanded anti-trafficking in persons law |language=en |work=Philippine News Agency |url=https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1177728 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220628100317/https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1177728 |archive-date=June 28, 2022}} eased gun application requirements for those in danger,{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Romero |first=Alexis |date=May 18, 2022 |title=Duterte signs law extending gun registration validity |work=The Philippine Star |url=https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2022/05/18/2181840/duterte-signs-law-extending-gun-registration-validity |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220517183557/https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2022/05/18/2181840/duterte-signs-law-extending-gun-registration-validity |archive-date=May 17, 2022}}{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Pedrajas |first=Joseph |date=May 17, 2022 |title=Duterte OKs easing of procedures for gun permits |work=Manila Bulletin |url=https://mb.com.ph/2022/05/17/duterte-oks-easing-of-procedures-for-gun-permits/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220517081149/https://mb.com.ph/2022/05/17/duterte-oks-easing-of-procedures-for-gun-permits/ |archive-date=May 17, 2022}} and ordered the shutdown of Ponzi-like investment firms.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Nawal |first=Allan |date=June 8, 2019 |title=PRRD orders shut down of Kapa, others |work=Philippine News Agency |url=https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1071831 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190609160040/https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1071831 |archive-date=June 9, 2019}} To strengthen border control, he implemented an Advance Passenger Information System.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Esguerra |first=Darryl John |date=December 16, 2020 |title=Duterte orders advance passenger information system to beef up border control |language=en |newspaper=Philippine Daily Inquirer |url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1372348/duterte-orders-advance-passenger-information-system-to-beef-up-border-control |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201216051124/https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1372348/duterte-orders-advance-passenger-information-system-to-beef-up-border-control |archive-date=December 16, 2020}} After he ordered a crackdown on loiterers in June 2018, the Philippine National Police (PNP) launched an anti-crime campaign.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Layug |first=Margaret Claire |date=June 16, 2018 |title=302 'tambay kalye' rounded up in QCPD's intensified anti-crime ops |language=en |work=GMA News Online |url=https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/topstories/metro/657108/302-tambay-kalye-rounded-up-in-qcpd-s-intensified-anti-crime-ops/story/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220305085656/https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/topstories/metro/657108/302-tambay-kalye-rounded-up-in-qcpd-s-intensified-anti-crime-ops/story/ |archive-date=March 5, 2022}}{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Aurelio |first=Julie M. |date=June 22, 2018 |title=Duterte: I did not order 'tambay' arrests |newspaper=Philippine Daily Inquirer |url=http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1003377/anti-tambay-campaign-rodrigo-duterte |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180709185131/http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1003377/anti-tambay-campaign-rodrigo-duterte |archive-date=July 9, 2018}}

Duterte failed in his bid to restore the death penalty (also known as capital punishment) in April 2017 when a bill to resume it for certain offenses stalled in the Senate and did not receive enough votes to pass.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Lacorte |first=Germelina |date=December 28, 2015 |title=Duterte wants death penalty back |newspaper=Philippine Daily Inquirer |url=http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/750698/duterte-wants-death-penalty-back |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151231051644/http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/750698/duterte-wants-death-penalty-back |archive-date=December 31, 2015}}{{#invoke:Cite|news |last1=Romero |first1=Paolo |last2=Romero |first2=Alexis |date=April 27, 2017 |title=Death penalty dead in Senate—Drilon |work=The Philippine Star |url=http://www.philstar.com/headlines/2017/04/27/1694350/death-penalty-dead-senate-drilon |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180125230845/http://www.philstar.com/headlines/2017/04/27/1694350/death-penalty-dead-senate-drilon |archive-date=January 25, 2018}}{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Parrocha |first=Azer |date=January 9, 2018 |title=Senate shouldn't be rebuked for not passing death penalty |work=Philippine News Agency |url=https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1020997 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220607134645/https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1020997 |archive-date=June 7, 2022}}

The crime rate significantly dropped under Duterte's presidency, excluding killings related to the war on drugs.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Talabong |first=Rambo |date=August 12, 2017 |title=Except for killings, all crimes drop in Duterte's 1st year |work=Rappler |url=https://www.rappler.com/nation/178494-crimes-killings-pnp-statistics-duterte-first-year/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170814170102/https://www.rappler.com/nation/178494-crimes-killings-pnp-statistics-duterte-first-year/ |archive-date=August 14, 2017}}{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Marquez |first=Consuelo |date=January 8, 2020 |title=Drop in crime rate proves gov't 'winning' drug war – PNP's Eleazar |language=en |newspaper=Philippine Daily Inquirer |url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1210567/pnps-eleazar-decline-in-crime-rate-helped-in-winning-drug-war |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200108164349/https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1210567/pnps-eleazar-decline-in-crime-rate-helped-in-winning-drug-war |archive-date=January 8, 2020}} In October 2021, the PNP reported a 49.6% drop in crimes since July 2016. Police data showed that between 2016 and September 2021, 1.36 million crimes were reported, compared to the 2.67 million crimes reported between 2010 and 2015.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Caliwan |first=Christopher Lloyd |date=October 29, 2021 |title=PH crimes drop by almost 50% in last 5 years |work=Philippine News Agency |url=https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1158157 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211029031425/https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1158157 |archive-date=October 29, 2021}}

== War on Drugs==

{{see also|Illegal drug trade in the Philippines|Extrajudicial killings and forced disappearances in the Philippines}}

File:Rodrigo Duterte showing diagram of drug trade network 2 7.7.16.jpg of drug syndicates, on July 7, 2016.]]

Duterte, during his presidential campaign, warned the Philippines was at risk of becoming a narco-state and promised to fight the illegal drug trade.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Alconaba |first=Nico |date=June 28, 2016 |title=Digong defends war on drugs, crime, graft |language=en |newspaper=Philippine Daily Inquirer |url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/792773/digong-defends-war-on-drugs-crime-graft |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191205143116/https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/792773/digong-defends-war-on-drugs-crime-graft |archive-date=December 5, 2019}} After his inauguration, the Philippine National Police (PNP) launched Oplan Tokhang, inviting identified drug suspects to surrender.{{#invoke:Cite|news |date=July 9, 2016 |title=PH needs more rehab centers as drug users surrender in droves |work=The Filipino Times |url=https://filipinotimes.net/news/2016/07/09/ph-needs-more-rehab-centers-as-drug-users-surrender-in-droves/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220622095928/https://filipinotimes.net/news/2016/07/09/ph-needs-more-rehab-centers-as-drug-users-surrender-in-droves/ |archive-date=June 22, 2022}} Duterte identified three Chinese nationals who were alleged drug lords in the Philippines,{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Andolong |first=Ina |date=July 8, 2016 |title=Duterte names country's topmost drug lords |work=CNN Philippines |url=http://cnnphilippines.com/news/2016/07/08/Duterte-names-topmost-drug-lords.html | url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160708135831/http://cnnphilippines.com/news/2016/07/08/Duterte-names-topmost-drug-lords.html |archive-date=July 8, 2016}} and named 150 public officials allegedly involved in the illegal drug trade.{{#invoke:Cite|news |date=August 7, 2016 |title=FULL TEXT: Duterte's speech linking government officials to illegal drugs |language=en, fil |work=The Philippine Star |url=https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2016/08/07/1611020/full-text-dutertes-speech-linking-government-officials-illegal-drugs |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160808145212/https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2016/08/07/1611020/full-text-dutertes-speech-linking-government-officials-illegal-drugs |archive-date=August 8, 2016}}

File:Philippines Drug War Protest 2.jpg gather in front of the Philippine Consulate General in New York City on October 11, 2016.]]

At the height of his anti-drugs campaign, Duterte urged the public and communists to kill drug dealers.{{#invoke:Cite|news |date=July 2, 2016 |title='Go ahead and kill drug addicts': Philippine President Rodrigo Duterte issues fresh call for vigilante violence |language=en |work=South China Morning Post |agency=Agence France-Presse |url=https://www.scmp.com/news/asia/southeast-asia/article/1984193/go-ahead-and-kill-drug-addicts-philippine-president-rodrigo |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160704102748/https://www.scmp.com/news/asia/southeast-asia/article/1984193/go-ahead-and-kill-drug-addicts-philippine-president-rodrigo |archive-date=July 4, 2016}} Pardons were promised to police who shot drug dealers during anti-drug raids,{{#invoke:Cite|news |last1=Mogato |first1=Manuel |last2=Marshall |first2=Andrew R.C. |date=August 24, 2016 |title=In a Powerpoint, Philippine police detail body count in drug war |language=en |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-philippines-duterte-idUSKCN10Z1FL |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160825135658/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-philippines-duterte-idUSKCN10Z1FL |archive-date=August 25, 2016}}{{#invoke:Cite|news |last1=Mendez |first1=Christina |last2=Romero |first2=Paolo |last3=Macairan |first3=Evelyn |last4=Punay |first4=Edu |last5=Diaz |first5=Jess |date=July 19, 2016 |title=Duterte to pardon cops in drug killings |work=The Philippine Star |url=https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2016/07/19/1604381/duterte-pardon-cops-drug-killings |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160719145942/https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2016/07/19/1604381/duterte-pardon-cops-drug-killings |archive-date=July 19, 2016}} prompting thousands to surrender. Rehab centers were built to accommodate them. Concerns arose locally{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Torregoza |first=Hannah |date=July 7, 2016 |title=De Lima urges Duterte admin to stop tolerating extra-judicial killings |work=Manila Bulletin |url=http://www.mb.com.ph/de-lima-urges-duterte-admin-to-stop-tolerating-extra-judicial-killings/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160713164254/http://www.mb.com.ph/de-lima-urges-duterte-admin-to-stop-tolerating-extra-judicial-killings/ |archive-date=July 13, 2016}}{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Legaspi |first=Amita |date=July 8, 2016 |title=Militant group Bayan asks Duterte to probe killing of drug suspects |work=GMA News Online |url=http://www.gmanetwork.com/news/story/572919/news/nation/militant-group-bayan-asks-duterte-to-probe-killing-of-drug-suspects |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160920054111/http://www.gmanetwork.com/news/story/572919/news/nation/militant-group-bayan-asks-duterte-to-probe-killing-of-drug-suspects |archive-date=September 20, 2016}} and internationally due to the high number of suspects who died during police operations.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Corben |first=Ron |date=August 23, 2016 |title=Philippine War on Drugs Triggers Widespread Criticism, Senate Investigation |language=en |work=VOA |url=https://www.voanews.com/a/philippine-war-on-drugs-triggers-criticism-senate-investigation/3476057.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160824144915/https://www.voanews.com/a/philippine-war-on-drugs-triggers-criticism-senate-investigation/3476057.html |archive-date=August 24, 2016}}{{#invoke:Cite|news |date=October 14, 2016 |title=Philippine president says kill threat 'perfect' |language=en |work=Gulf Times |agency=AFP |url=https://www.gulf-times.com/story/517403/Philippine-president-says-kill-threat-perfect |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161014131747/https://www.gulf-times.com/story/517403/Philippine-president-says-kill-threat-perfect |archive-date=October 14, 2016}} In August 2016, opposition Senator Leila de Lima launched a Senate probe into the extrajudicial killings, using hitman Edgar Matobato of the alleged vigilante group Davao Death Squad as a witness.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Cupin |first=Bea |date=September 15, 2016 |title=De Lima witness: Duterte 'ordered' killings in Davao |work=Rappler |url=https://www.rappler.com/nation/146282-de-lima-presents-alleged-davao-death-squad-member/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160916123501/https://www.rappler.com/nation/146282-de-lima-presents-alleged-davao-death-squad-member/ |archive-date=September 16, 2016}} Matobato testified Duterte, then mayor of Davao City, was involved in extrajudicial killings in the city; Duterte called the allegation a "lie".{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Regalado |first=Edith |date=September 20, 2016 |title=All lies, Duterte says of Matobato testimony |work=The Philippine Star |url=https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2016/09/20/1625543/all-lies-duterte-says-matobato-testimony |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160919215919/https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2016/09/20/1625543/all-lies-duterte-says-matobato-testimony |archive-date=September 19, 2016}} The probe was terminated on October 13, 2016, for lack of evidence.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Suarez |first=KD |date=October 13, 2016 |title=Senate ends probe: Neither Duterte nor state sponsored killings |work=Rappler |url=https://www.rappler.com/nation/149086-senate-ends-extrajudicial-killings-investigation-gordon-duterte/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161014172649/https://www.rappler.com/nation/149086-senate-ends-extrajudicial-killings-investigation-gordon-duterte/ |archive-date=October 14, 2016}} De Lima was arrested for her alleged involvement in the New Bilibid Prison illegal drug trade.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Bernal |first=Buena |date=February 23, 2017 |title=Philippines: Duterte critic De Lima arrested on drug-related charges |work=CNN |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2017/02/23/asia/philippines-duterte-critic-de-lima-arrested/index.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170817170149/http://edition.cnn.com/2017/02/23/asia/philippines-duterte-critic-de-lima-arrested/index.html |archive-date=August 17, 2017}}

In March 2017, Duterte created the Inter-agency Committee on Anti-illegal Drugs, led by the Philippine Drug Enforcement Agency, to tackle drug crime.{{#invoke:Cite|news |date=March 11, 2017 |title=Duterte creates inter-agency body vs. drugs |work=CNN Philippines |url=https://www.cnnphilippines.com/news/2017/03/11/Duterte-executive-order-war-on-drugs.html | url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170311074612/https://www.cnnphilippines.com/news/2017/03/11/Duterte-executive-order-war-on-drugs.html |archive-date=March 11, 2017}} Later that year, a lawyer filed a complaint with the International Criminal Court against Duterte and 11 officials for crimes against humanity.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Romero |first=Paolo |date=April 25, 2017 |title=Matobato lawyer files case vs Rody before ICC |work=The Philippine Star |url=https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2017/04/25/1688540/matobato-lawyer-files-case-vs-rody-icc |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180917222547/https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2017/04/25/1688540/matobato-lawyer-files-case-vs-rody-icc |archive-date=September 17, 2018}}

In October 2017, due to public outrage over alleged police abuse in the continuing crackdown, Duterte prohibited the PNP from joining anti-drug raids and designated the PDEA as the "sole agency" in charge of the war on drugs.{{#invoke:Cite|news |date=October 11, 2017 |title=Duterte: PDEA now 'sole agency' in charge of drug war |work=The Philippine Star |url=https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2017/10/11/1747741/duterte-pdea-now-sole-agency-charge-drug-war |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190821234544/http://www.philstar.com/headlines/2017/10/11/1747741/duterte-pdea-now-sole-agency-charge-drug-war |archive-date=August 21, 2019}} The PNP launched a recovery and wellness program for drug dependents in the same month.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Andrade |first=Jeannette I. |date=September 29, 2017 |title=New PNP tack on drug war: Rehabilitation |language=en |newspaper=Philippine Daily Inquirer |url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/934168/new-pnp-tack-on-drug-war-rehabilitation |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170929005853/https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/934168/new-pnp-tack-on-drug-war-rehabilitation |archive-date=September 29, 2017}}{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Felipe |first=Cecille Suerte |date=October 2, 2017 |title=Honeylet launches 'Life after Tokhang' |work=The Philippine Star |url=https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2017/10/02/1745041/honeylet-launches-life-after-tokhang |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180925180754/https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2017/10/02/1745041/honeylet-launches-life-after-tokhang |archive-date=September 25, 2018}} The PNP was allowed to rejoin the campaign in December 2017 with the PDEA still as the lead agency.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Romero |first=Alexis |date=December 5, 2017 |title=PNP back in drug war; PDEA still lead agency |work=The Philippine Star |url=https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2017/12/05/1765784/pnp-back-drug-war-pdea-still-lead-agency |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191119173152/http://www.philstar.com/headlines/2017/12/05/1765784/pnp-back-drug-war-pdea-still-lead-agency |archive-date=November 19, 2019}} In October 2018, Duterte signed an executive order institutionalizing the Philippine Anti-Illegal Drugs Strategy, allowing all government departments, state universities and colleges to implement their own strategies against the illegal drug trade.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Musico |first=Jelly |date=October 31, 2018 |title=PRRD institutionalizes PH's anti-illegal drugs strategy |language=en |work=Philippine News Agency |url=https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1052710 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181109164554/https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1052710 |archive-date=November 9, 2018}}

Duterte has acknowledged that the war on drugs has been difficult to control due to the country's long coastline and corruption.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Tan |first=Lara |date=August 17, 2017 |title=Duterte: I was wrong to put 6-month deadline on drug war |work=CNN Philippines |url=https://www.cnnphilippines.com/news/2017/08/17/Duterte-war-on-drugs-deadline-Philippines.html | url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170818062813/https://www.cnnphilippines.com/news/2017/08/17/Duterte-war-on-drugs-deadline-Philippines.html |archive-date=August 18, 2017}} He asked president-elect Bongbong Marcos to continue the war on drugs in his own way;{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Cervantes |first=Filane Mikee |date=May 26, 2022 |title=PRRD asks Marcos to continue anti-drug campaign his 'own way' |work=Philippine News Agency |url=https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1175251 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220526171249/https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1175251 |archive-date=May 26, 2022}} Duterte declined an appointment offer as Marcos' drug czar, expressing a desire to retire.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Pedrajas |first=Joseph |date=May 30, 2022 |title=Duterte declines Marcos' drug czar offer; 'looking forward to retirement' |work=Manila Bulletin |url=https://mb.com.ph/2022/05/30/duterte-declines-marcos-drug-czar-offer-looking-forward-to-retirement/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220530075845/https://mb.com.ph/2022/05/30/duterte-declines-marcos-drug-czar-offer-looking-forward-to-retirement/ |archive-date=May 30, 2022}} Despite international criticism, the war on drugs retained majority support among Filipinos.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Santos |first=Eimor P. |date=October 7, 2016 |title=Filipinos satisfied with Duterte's drug war, but want suspects alive - SWS |work=CNN Philippines |url=https://www.cnnphilippines.com/news/2016/10/07/SWS-Duterte-war-on-drugs-survey.html | url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161008163705/https://www.cnnphilippines.com/news/2016/10/07/SWS-Duterte-war-on-drugs-survey.html |archive-date=October 8, 2016}}{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Petty |first=Martin |date=September 23, 2019 |title=Filipinos give thumbs up to Duterte's 'excellent' drugs war: poll |language=en |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-philippines-drugs/filipinos-give-thumbs-up-to-dutertes-excellent-drugs-war-poll-idUSKBN1W803M |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190924050308/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-philippines-drugs/filipinos-give-thumbs-up-to-dutertes-excellent-drugs-war-poll-idUSKBN1W803M |archive-date=September 24, 2019}}{{#invoke:Cite|news |date=June 29, 2022 |title=High expectations for BBM during first 100 days: PUBLiCUS |language=en |work=Philippine News Agency |url=https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1177870 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220629190647/https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1177870 |archive-date=June 29, 2022}} By February 2022, 58% of barangays had been declared drug-cleared as part of the Barangay Drug Clearing Program.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Maralit |first=Kristina |date=September 26, 2020 |title=Narcos get virus lull |work=Daily Tribune |url=https://tribune.net.ph/index.php/2020/09/26/narcos-get-virus-lull/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201004120058/https://tribune.net.ph/index.php/2020/09/26/narcos-get-virus-lull/ |archive-date=October 4, 2020 |quote=Villanueva last 6 August, or 702 days before the deadline set by President Rodrigo Duterte to eradicate the country’s problem with illegal drugs, led the launching of the agency’s Barangay Drug Clearing Program (BDCP) which aims to clear the remaining15,388 drug-affected barangays by June 2022.}}

==Withdrawal from the ICC==

{{Further|International Criminal Court investigation in the Philippines}}

In November 2016, Duterte signaled his intention to withdraw the Philippines from the International Criminal Court (ICC) after an ICC prosecutor said the organization may have authority to prosecute the perpetrators of drug war deaths.{{#invoke:Cite|news |date=November 17, 2016 |title=Duterte may withdraw from the ICC following in Russia's footsteps |language=en-AU |work=ABC News |agency=Reuters |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2016-11-17/philippine-president-duterte-may-withdrawal-from-icc/8035342 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161119135831/https://www.abc.net.au/news/2016-11-17/philippine-president-duterte-may-withdrawal-from-icc/8035342 |archive-date=November 19, 2016}} Duterte maintained that the Rome Statute, which was ratified by the Senate in 2011, was never binding in the Philippines because it was never published in the Official Gazette.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Kabiling |first=Genalyn |date=July 29, 2021 |title=Duterte still has no copy of Rome Statute; ICC pullout an 'empty gesture' due to treaty's non-publication |work=Manila Bulletin |url=https://mb.com.ph/2021/07/29/duterte-still-has-no-copy-of-rome-statute-icc-pullout-an-empty-gesture-due-to-non-publication/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210728192423/https://mb.com.ph/2021/07/29/duterte-still-has-no-copy-of-rome-statute-icc-pullout-an-empty-gesture-due-to-non-publication/ |archive-date=July 28, 2021}} The withdrawal process began in March 2018 after the tribunal's chief prosecutor, Fatou Bensouda, launched a preliminary examination into crimes against humanity allegedly committed by Duterte and other officials in the war on drugs.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Cruz |first=Enrico dela |date=March 16, 2018 |title=Philippines' Duterte pulls out of International Criminal Court after it announced it would look into his drug war |work=Business Insider |agency=Reuters |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/philippines-duterte-pulls-out-of-international-criminal-court-2018-3 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180316112736/https://www.businessinsider.com/philippines-duterte-pulls-out-of-international-criminal-court-2018-3 |archive-date=March 16, 2018}} The withdrawal took effect a year later on March 17, 2019.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last1=Cabico |first1=Gaea Katreena |last2=Patag |first2=Kristine Joy |date=April 17, 2019 |title=Philippines becomes second country to quit ICC |work=The Philippine Star |url=https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2019/03/17/1901757/philippines-becomes-second-country-quit-icc |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190417101905/https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2019/03/17/1901757/philippines-becomes-second-country-quit-icc |archive-date=April 17, 2019}} A Supreme Court (SC) ruling in March 2021 dismissed three petitions filed by the Philippine Coalition for the ICC, the Integrated Bar of the Philippines, and opposition senators challenging Duterte's withdrawal from the ICC on the grounds that the petitioners were unable to establish legal standing to challenge the action. The SC also ruled that the President has no "unbridled authority" to withdraw from treaties.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Navallo |first=Mike |date=July 21, 2021 |title=SC: President has no 'unbridled authority' to withdraw from ICC treaty but junks petitions questioning it |work=ABS-CBN News |url=https://news.abs-cbn.com/news/07/21/21/sc-president-has-no-unbridled-authority-to-withdraw-from-icc-treaty-but-junks-petitions-questioning-it |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210721110517/https://news.abs-cbn.com/news/07/21/21/sc-president-has-no-unbridled-authority-to-withdraw-from-icc-treaty-but-junks-petitions-questioning-it |archive-date=July 21, 2021}}

On September 16, 2021, the ICC authorized a formal investigation into the war on drugs{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Peralta |first=Janine |date=September 15, 2021 |title=ICC pre-trial chamber authorizes PH drug war probe |work=CNN Philippines |url=https://www.cnnphilippines.com/news/2021/9/15/ICC-drug-war-probe-.html | url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210915153607/https://www.cnnphilippines.com/news/2021/9/15/ICC-drug-war-probe-.html |archive-date=September 15, 2021}} in the Philippines, focusing on crimes committed between 2016 and March 2019.{{#invoke:Cite|news |date=December 15, 2021 |title=ICC finds basis for crimes against humanity in Duterte drug war |work=CNN Philippines |url=https://www.cnnphilippines.com/news/2020/12/15/Duterte-drug-war-ICC-prosecutor-investigation-Philippines.html | url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201215041541/https://www.cnnphilippines.com/news/2020/12/15/Duterte-drug-war-ICC-prosecutor-investigation-Philippines.html |archive-date=December 15, 2020}} The Philippine government requested a deferral of the probe in November 2021, which was suspended by the ICC to assess the request.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Galang |first=Bamba |date=November 19, 2021 |title=ICC temporarily halts PH drug war probe |work=CNN Philippines |url=https://cnnphilippines.com/news/2021/11/19/ICC-temporarily-suspends-probe-on-Duterte-drug-war.html | url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211119164934/https://cnnphilippines.com/news/2021/11/19/ICC-temporarily-suspends-probe-on-Duterte-drug-war.html |archive-date=November 19, 2021}} However, on June 26, 2022, ICC prosecutor Karim Ahmad Khan concluded that the request was "not warranted" and requested the pre-trial chamber of the ICC to immediately resume the investigation.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Peralta-Malonzo |first=Third Anne |date=June 26, 2022 |title=ICC wants resumption of probe on PH's drug war killings |language=English |work=SunStar |url=https://www.sunstar.com.ph/article/1933114/manila/local-news/icc-wants-resumption-of-probe-on-phs-drug-war-killings |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220626060746/https://www.sunstar.com.ph/article/1933114/manila/local-news/icc-wants-resumption-of-probe-on-phs-drug-war-killings |archive-date=June 26, 2022}}

== Anti-corruption ==

Duterte signed the Freedom of Information executive order{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Romero |first=Alexis |date=July 24, 2016 |title=Duterte signs historic EO on Freedom of Information |work=The Philippine Star |url=https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2016/07/24/1606146/duterte-signs-historic-eo-freedom-information |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160725165636/https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2016/07/24/1606146/duterte-signs-historic-eo-freedom-information |archive-date=July 25, 2016}} and created the Presidential Anti-Corruption Commission to combat corruption in the executive branch.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Cervantes |first=Filane Mikee |date=February 12, 2020 |title=PCOO eyes 80% success rate in eFOI requests by 2022 |language=en |work=Philippine News Agency |url=https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1093649 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200720004035/https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1093649 |archive-date=July 20, 2020}}{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Reganit |first=Jose Cielito |date=October 5, 2017 |title=Duterte creates Presidential Anti-Corruption Commission |language=en |work=Philippine News Agency |url=https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1011910 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201018082358/https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1011910 |archive-date=October 18, 2020}} He launched the 8888 Citizens' Complaint Hotline, allowing the public to report corruption and poor government services.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Ranada |first=Pia |date=October 26, 2016 |title=Duterte signs EO for 8888 citizen complaint center |work=Rappler |url=https://www.rappler.com/nation/150383-duterte-executive-order-8888-hotline-citizen-complaint-center/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161027150407/https://www.rappler.com/nation/150383-duterte-executive-order-8888-hotline-citizen-complaint-center/ |archive-date=October 27, 2016}}{{#invoke:Cite|news |date=November 25, 2020 |title=Citizens can now text complaints to 8888 hotline |work=CNN Philippines |url=https://www.cnnphilippines.com/news/2020/11/25/Complaints-text-8888.html | url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201125151655/https://www.cnnphilippines.com/news/2020/11/25/Complaints-text-8888.html |archive-date=November 25, 2020}}

File:President Rodrigo Duterte signs into law the “Ease of Doing Business and Efficient Government Service Delivery Act of 2018” (052918-PRRD-EODB-ARTA-Act).jpg

To reduce bureaucracy and processing time, in 2018, Duterte signed into law the Ease of Doing Business Act.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Musico |first=Jelly |date=May 28, 2018 |title=Duterte signs Ease of Doing Business law |language=en |work=Philippine News Agency |url=https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1036736 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180528180252/https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1036736 |archive-date=May 28, 2018}}{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=PIA SarGen |title=The ease of doing business under RA 11032 |language=en |work=Philippine Information Agency |url=https://pia.gov.ph/features/articles/1013993 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201028180451/https://pia.gov.ph/features/articles/1013993 |archive-date=October 28, 2020}}{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Rodriguez |first=Bruce |date=January 28, 2021 |title=PH aims to improve ease of doing business with launch of central business portal |work=ABS-CBN News |url=https://news.abs-cbn.com/business/01/28/21/ph-aims-to-improve-ease-of-doing-business-with-launch-of-central-business-portal |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210128120043/https://news.abs-cbn.com/business/01/28/21/ph-aims-to-improve-ease-of-doing-business-with-launch-of-central-business-portal |archive-date=January 28, 2021}} A law he signed in December 2020 allows the President to expedite permits, licenses, and certifications during national emergencies.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Parrocha |first=Azer |date=January 5, 2021 |title=Law allowing President to rush permits in nat'l emergency OK'd |work=Philippine News Agency |url=https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1141697 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210105100949/https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1126444 |archive-date=January 5, 2021}}

File:20180314-ph-JAL 07.jpg in Santa Ana, Cagayan on March 14, 2018.]]

Duterte had a policy of destroying smuggled luxury vehicles to discourage smugglers.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Placido |first=Dharel |date=July 30, 2018 |title=Duterte leads destruction of smuggled cars in Cagayan |work=ABS-CBN News |url=https://news.abs-cbn.com/news/07/30/18/duterte-leads-destruction-of-smuggled-cars-in-cagayan |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180730142055/https://news.abs-cbn.com/news/07/30/18/duterte-leads-destruction-of-smuggled-cars-in-cagayan |archive-date=July 30, 2018}}{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Visaya |first=Villamor Jr. |date=March 14, 2018 |title=Duterte leads destruction of P27-M smuggled vehicles in Cagayan |work=Philippine News Agency |url=https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1028733 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220224221834/https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1028733 |archive-date=February 24, 2022}} He made threats against big businesses over unpaid debts to the government, leading Philippine Airlines and Mighty Corporation to pay their debts.{{#invoke:Cite|news |date=November 3, 2017 |title=PAL settles P6 billion dues to gov't |work=ABS-CBN News |url=https://news.abs-cbn.com/business/11/03/17/pal-settles-p6-billion-dues-to-govt |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171103154453/https://news.abs-cbn.com/business/11/03/17/pal-settles-p6-billion-dues-to-govt |archive-date=November 3, 2017}}{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Bencito |first=John Paolo |date=March 14, 2017 |title=Duterte asks Mighty Corp. to increase tax liabilities |work=Manila Standard |url=https://manilastandard.net/news/top-stories/231675/duterte-asks-mighty-corp-to-increase-tax-liabilities.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170314160959/https://manilastandard.net/news/top-stories/231675/duterte-asks-mighty-corp-to-increase-tax-liabilities.html |archive-date=March 14, 2017}}{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Auto |first=Hermes |date=October 6, 2017 |title=Philippines tobacco giant pays S$800m to settle tax case |language=en |work=The Straits Times |url=https://www.straitstimes.com/asia/se-asia/philippines-tobacco-giant-pays-s800m-to-settle-tax-case |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171010155937/https://www.straitstimes.com/asia/se-asia/philippines-tobacco-giant-pays-s800m-to-settle-tax-case |archive-date=October 10, 2017}} In March 2019, he abolished the Road Board, stating that agency was "nothing but a depository of money and for corruption".{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Corrales |first=Nestor |date=March 19, 2019 |title=BREAKING: Duterte officially abolishes Road Board |language=en |newspaper=Philippine Daily Inquirer |url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1097478/breaking-duterte-officially-abolishes-road-board |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190320140458/https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1097478/breaking-duterte-officially-abolishes-road-board |archive-date=March 20, 2019}}{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Corrales |first=Nestor |date=December 21, 2018 |title=Duterte says 'it's time to abolish' Road Board |language=en |newspaper=Philippine Daily Inquirer |url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1065244/duterte-says-its-time-to-abolish-road-board |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181221145115/https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1065244/duterte-says-its-time-to-abolish-road-board |archive-date=December 21, 2018}}

Duterte on June 4, 2019, ordered the Presidential Commission on Good Government to auction the {{Philippine peso}}700 million worth of Imelda Marcos' jewelry collection,{{cite news |last1=Parrocha |first1=Azer |title=PRRD 'officially' approves sale of Marcos jewelry |url=https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1071501 |access-date=March 29, 2023 |work=Philippine News Agency |date=June 4, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190609160054/https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1071501 |archive-date=June 9, 2019}} although as of June 1, 2022, an auction date had yet to be announced.{{cite news |title=VERA FILES FACT CHECK: FB video FALSELY claims Marcos jewels not ill-gotten |url=https://verafiles.org/articles/vera-files-fact-check-fb-video-falsely-claims-marcos-jewels-not-ill-gotten |access-date=March 29, 2023 |work=VERA Files |date=June 1, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220601133039/https://verafiles.org/articles/vera-files-fact-check-fb-video-falsely-claims-marcos-jewels-not-ill-gotten |archive-date=June 1, 2022}} In August 2020, Duterte ordered the Department of Justice (DOJ) to investigate corruption allegations within the Philippine Health Insurance Corporation (PhilHealth).{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Gita-Carlos |first=Ruth Abbey |date=August 7, 2020 |title=PRRD orders creation of task force to probe PhilHealth corruption |language=en |work=Philippine News Agency |url=https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1111483 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200928210213/https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1111483 |archive-date=September 28, 2020}} On October 27, he ordered the DOJ's investigation and a newly created taskforce to investigate corruption within the government.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Parrocha |first=Azer |date=October 27, 2020 |title=Duterte wants government-wide corruption probe |language=en |work=Philippine News Agency |url=https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1119806 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201028171817/https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1119806 |archive-date=October 28, 2020}}

==Presidential pardons and amnesty==

Early in his term, Duterte pardoned several communist rebels and political prisoners while pursuing peace talks.{{#invoke:Cite|news |date=December 2, 2016 |title=Duterte pardons 4 convicted communist rebels |work=ABS-CBN News |url=https://news.abs-cbn.com/news/12/02/16/duterte-pardons-4-convicted-communist-rebels |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161202182927/https://news.abs-cbn.com/news/12/02/16/duterte-pardons-4-convicted-communist-rebels |archive-date=December 2, 2016}}{{#invoke:Cite|news |last1=Manlupig |first1=Karlos |last2=Corrales |first2=Nestor |date=July 7, 2017 |title=Duterte pardons NDF consultant, 9 other political prisoners |language=en |newspaper=Philippine Daily Inquirer |url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/911859/duterte-pardons-ndf-consultant-9-other-political-prisoners |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170710040322/https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/911859/duterte-pardons-ndf-consultant-9-other-political-prisoners |archive-date=July 10, 2017}} He also granted pardons to elderly and sickly prisoners,{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Ranada |first=Pia |date=March 6, 2017 |title=Duterte pardons 27 elderly, sickly prisoners |work=Rappler |url=https://www.rappler.com/nation/163343-duterte-pardons-27-elderly-sickly-prisoners/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170306120535/https://www.rappler.com/nation/163343-duterte-pardons-27-elderly-sickly-prisoners/ |archive-date=March 6, 2017}} as well as upperclassmen and graduating cadets from the Philippine Military Academy and Philippine National Police Academy with outstanding punishments and demerits.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Gita-Carlos |first=Ruth Abbey |date=May 22, 2020 |title=Duterte to PMA, PNPA graduates: Adapt to changes; stay faithful |language=en |work=Philippine News Agency |url=https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1103725 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200530032201/https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1103725 |archive-date=May 30, 2020}}{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Fernandez |first=Daniza |date=April 21, 2022 |title=Duterte pardons punishments, demerits of cadets from 2022-2025 PNPA Corps |language=en |newspaper=Philippine Daily Inquirer |url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1586279/duterte-pardons-punishments-demerits-of-cadets-from-2022-2025-pnpa-corps |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220421132139/https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1586279/duterte-pardons-punishments-demerits-of-cadets-from-2022-2025-pnpa-corps |archive-date=April 21, 2022}} In November 2016, he granted an absolute pardon to actor Robin Padilla, who was convicted in 1994 for illegal possession of firearms.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Corrales |first=Nestor |date=November 15, 2016 |title=Robin Padilla gets absolute pardon from Duterte |language=en |newspaper=Philippine Daily Inquirer |url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/844594/robin-padilla-gets-presidential-pardon-from-duterte |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161118221120/https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/844594/robin-padilla-gets-presidential-pardon-from-duterte |archive-date=November 18, 2016}}

In August 2018, Duterte revoked the amnesty of his staunch critic Senator Antonio Trillanes, saying the amnesty that was granted in 2010 by President Benigno Aquino III was void ab initio because Trillanes did not apply for it, and refused to admit guilt for his roles in the 2003 Oakwood Mutiny and the 2007 Manila Peninsula siege.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Pulta |first=Benjamin |date=October 22, 2018 |title=Proclamation 572 voiding Trillanes amnesty 'legal': Makati court |language=en |work=Philippine News Agency |url=https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1051792 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181025101614/https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1051792 |archive-date=October 25, 2018}}{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Esguerra |first=Darryl John |date=September 4, 2018 |title=Duterte has sole power to void Trillanes' amnesty – Panelo |language=en |newspaper=Philippine Daily Inquirer |url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1028265/duterte-has-sole-power-to-void-trillanes-amnesty-panelo |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180905114529/https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1028265/duterte-has-sole-power-to-void-trillanes-amnesty-panelo |archive-date=September 5, 2018}}

On September 7, 2020, Duterte granted an absolute pardon and early release to US Lance Corporal Joseph Scott Pemberton, who was serving time for murdering Jennifer Laude in Olongapo. Pemberton was released due to good behavior after serving less than six years in prison.{{#invoke:Cite|news |date=September 7, 2020 |title=Duterte grants Pemberton 'absolute pardon' |work=CNN Philippines |url=https://www.cnnphilippines.com/news/2020/9/7/duterte-pemberton-absolute-pardon.html | url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200907100046/https://www.cnnphilippines.com/news/2020/9/7/duterte-pemberton-absolute-pardon.html |archive-date=September 7, 2020}}

In February 2021, Duterte signed an executive order creating the National Amnesty Commission, which was tasked with processing applications for amnesty for former rebels.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Cervantes |first=Filane Mikee |date=February 8, 2021 |title=Duterte creates National Amnesty Commission |language=en |work=Philippine News Agency |url=https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1130029 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210208115756/https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1130029 |archive-date=February 8, 2021}} He signed four proclamations granting amnesty to members of the Moro National Liberation Front, the Moro Islamic Liberation Front, the communist movement, the Rebolusyonaryong Partido ng Manggagawa ng Pilipinas, the Revolutionary Proletarian Army, and the Alex Boncayao Brigade.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Gita-Carlos |first=Ruth Abbey |date=February 16, 2021 |title=Duterte grants amnesty to communist, Moro rebels |work=Philippine News Agency |url=https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1130859 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210216114511/https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1130859 |archive-date=February 16, 2021}} However, upon leaving office, Duterte failed to constitute the Commission, leaving his successor, Bongbong Marcos, yet to appoint its officials beyond his first 100 days.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Arguillas |first=Carolyn O. |date=October 9, 2022 |title=100 days of Marcos Jr.: still no National Amnesty Commission |work=MindaNews |url=https://www.mindanews.com/top-stories/2022/10/100-days-of-marcos-jr-still-no-national-amnesty-commission/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221010000440/https://www.mindanews.com/top-stories/2022/10/100-days-of-marcos-jr-still-no-national-amnesty-commission/ |archive-date=October 10, 2022}}

=Federalism and constitutional reform=

{{further|Federalism in the Philippines|Constitutional reform in the Philippines}}

File:President Rodrigo Duterte receives proposed federal constitution of Consultative Committee on July 9, 2018 (20180709-Photo2-PR).jpg the proposed federal constitution of the Consultative Committee on July 9, 2018.]]

Duterte advocated federalism as a better system of governance for the Philippines, arguing that the Internal Revenue Allotment disproportionately benefits Metro Manila and that he would end his term early if federalism was instated.{{#invoke:Cite|news |date=July 25, 2016 |title=Duterte willing to end term early if federalism is passed |work=GMA News Online |url=http://www.gmanetwork.com/news/news/nation/575000/duterte-willing-to-end-term-early-if-federalism-is-passed/story/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171010134215/http://www.gmanetwork.com/news/news/nation/575000/duterte-willing-to-end-term-early-if-federalism-is-passed/story/ |archive-date=October 10, 2017}}

On December 7, 2016, Duterte signed an executive order creating a 25-member consultative committee to review the 1987 Constitution within six months.{{#invoke:Cite|news |date=December 9, 2016 |title=Duterte signs EO creating committee to review 1987 Constitution |work=GMA News Online |url=http://www.gmanetwork.com/news/news/nation/591878/duterte-signs-eo-creating-committee-to-review-1987-constitution/story/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170930084913/http://www.gmanetwork.com/news/news/nation/591878/duterte-signs-eo-creating-committee-to-review-1987-constitution/story/ |archive-date=September 30, 2017}} On January 23, 2018, he appointed former Chief Justice Reynato Puno as chairman along with other experts and officials. The committee approved a federal charter banning political dynasties, political turncoatism, and oligopolies, and granted more power to the Ombudsman and Commission on Audit.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Cervantes |first=Filane Mikee |date=October 8, 2018 |title=House panel endorses Arroyo's draft charter to plenary |language=en |work=Philippine News Agency |url=https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1050279 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220510112828/https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1050279 |archive-date=May 10, 2022}} On October 8, however, the House Committee on Constitutional Amendments passed a new draft of the federal constitution filed by House Speaker Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo, which removed several provisions and eliminated term limits for Congress members, and removed the vice president from the presidential line of succession.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Madarang |first=Catalina Ricci S. |date=July 30, 2019 |title=Duterte's federalism agenda: Another of campaign vows off the table |work=InterAksyon |publisher=The Philippine Star |url=https://interaksyon.philstar.com/politics-issues/2019/07/30/152630/duterte-federalism-shelved-campaign/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200922051345/https://interaksyon.philstar.com/politics-issues/2019/07/30/152630/duterte-federalism-shelved-campaign/ |archive-date=September 22, 2020}} The House of Representatives passed the draft, but the Senate rejected it.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last1=Mostoles |first1=Trisha |last2=Nishimori |first2=Aleta Nieva |date=August 22, 2020 |title=Group of Duterte supporters calls for revolutionary government, launches people's initiative |work=ABS-CBN News |url=https://news.abs-cbn.com/news/08/22/20/group-of-duterte-supporters-calls-for-revolutionary-government-launches-peoples-initiative |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200822071947/https://news.abs-cbn.com/news/08/22/20/group-of-duterte-supporters-calls-for-revolutionary-government-launches-peoples-initiative |archive-date=August 22, 2020}}{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Elemia |first=Camille |date=October 9, 2018 |title='Dead on arrival': Senate leaders reject Arroyo's draft charter |work=Rappler |url=https://www.rappler.com/nation/213862-senate-leaders-reject-arroyo-draft-constitution/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181009102634/https://www.rappler.com/nation/213862-senate-leaders-reject-arroyo-draft-constitution/ |archive-date=October 9, 2018}}

Early in his term, Duterte raised the idea of a revolutionary government{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Tubeza |first=Philip C. |date=August 29, 2017 |title=Duterte floats idea of 'revolutionary government' for PH |language=en |newspaper=Philippine Daily Inquirer |url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/926553/duterte-floats-idea-of-revolutionary-government-for-ph |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170829150435/https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/926553/duterte-floats-idea-of-revolutionary-government-for-ph |archive-date=August 29, 2017}} but later rejected it.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Romero |first=Alexis |date=November 21, 2017 |title=Duterte nixes idea of a revolutionary government |work=The Philippine Star |url=https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2017/11/21/1761347/duterte-nixes-idea-revolutionary-government |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180916080622/https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2017/11/21/1761347/duterte-nixes-idea-revolutionary-government |archive-date=September 16, 2018}}{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Parrocha |first=Azer |date=August 24, 2020 |title=Duterte still pushing for federalism but not 'RevGov' |language=en |work=Philippine News Agency |url=https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1113216 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709182840/https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1113216 |archive-date=July 9, 2021}} He criticized the party-list system{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Mercado |first=Neil Arwin |date=January 7, 2021 |title=Duterte wants party-list system changed or 'removed' to 'solve' problem with NPA – Sotto |language=en |newspaper=Philippine Daily Inquirer |url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1380779/duterte-wants-party-list-system-changed-or-removed-to-solve-problem-with-npa-sotto |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210107082822/https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1380779/duterte-wants-party-list-system-changed-or-removed-to-solve-problem-with-npa-sotto |archive-date=January 7, 2021}}{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Parrocha |first=Azer |date=April 4, 2022 |title=PRRD renews call to scrap party-list system |language=en |work=Philippine News Agency |url=https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1171404 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220404125411/https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1171404 |archive-date=April 4, 2022}}{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Maru |first=Davinci |date=June 12, 2019 |title='That's one evil': Duterte says party-list system exploited by the rich |work=ABS-CBN News |url=https://news.abs-cbn.com/news/06/13/19/thats-one-evil-duterte-says-party-list-system-exploited-by-the-rich |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190612204505/https://news.abs-cbn.com/news/06/13/19/thats-one-evil-duterte-says-party-list-system-exploited-by-the-rich |archive-date=June 12, 2019}} and called for its abolition, saying it was no longer representative of the marginalized.{{#invoke:Cite|news |date=March 30, 2022 |title=Duterte criticizes misuse of party-lists by the rich, blames Constitution |work=ABS-CBN News |url=https://news.abs-cbn.com/news/03/30/22/duterte-criticizes-misuse-of-party-lists-by-the-rich |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220513103403/https://news.abs-cbn.com/news/03/30/22/duterte-criticizes-misuse-of-party-lists-by-the-rich |archive-date=May 13, 2022}}{{#invoke:Cite|news |date=April 5, 2022 |title=Duterte says party lists do not represent 'lowly' Filipinos anymore |work=CNN Philippines |url=https://www.cnnphilippines.com/news/2022/4/4/duterte-party-list-system.html | url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220405061833/https://www.cnnphilippines.com/news/2022/4/4/duterte-party-list-system.html |archive-date=April 5, 2022}}

In June 2019, Duterte said federalism might not be established during his presidency. He later said at a democracy summit hosted by US President Joe Biden that he had failed in his bid to establish a federal system in the country due to lack of congressional support.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Valente |first=Catherine S. |date=December 12, 2021 |title=Duterte gives up on federalism push |language=en |work=The Manila Times |url=https://www.manilatimes.net/2021/12/11/news/duterte-admits-defeat-in-federalism-push/1825573 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220210114956/https://www.manilatimes.net/2021/12/11/news/duterte-admits-defeat-in-federalism-push/1825573 |archive-date=February 10, 2022}}{{#invoke:Cite|news |date=December 10, 2021 |title=Duterte blames Congress for failed federalism bid, vows peaceful transition |work=GMA News Online |url=https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/topstories/nation/814146/duterte-blames-congress-for-failed-federalism-bid-vows-peaceful-transition/story/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211210135655/https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/topstories/nation/814146/duterte-blames-congress-for-failed-federalism-bid-vows-peaceful-transition/story/ |archive-date=December 10, 2021}}

On June 1, 2021, Duterte issued an executive order for the devolution of some executive functions to local governments.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Galvez |first=Daphne |date=June 2, 2021 |title=Duterte orders transfer of some national gov't functions to LGUs |language=en |newspaper=Philippine Daily Inquirer |url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1440659/duterte-orders-transfer-of-some-national-govt-functions-to-lgus |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210602104318/https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1440659/duterte-orders-transfer-of-some-national-govt-functions-to-lgus |archive-date=June 2, 2021}}

=Agriculture=

The agricultural sector was in decline under the Benigno Aquino III administration,{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Dy |first=Rolando T. |date=March 19, 2018 |title=Agriculture: Arroyo and Aquino years and Duterte's trajectory |work=BusinessWorld |url=https://www.bworldonline.com/editors-picks/2018/03/19/143008/agriculture-arroyo-and-aquino-years-and-dutertes-trajectory/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220809112034/https://www.bworldonline.com/editors-picks/2018/03/19/143008/agriculture-arroyo-and-aquino-years-and-dutertes-trajectory/ |archive-date=August 9, 2022}} but saw 6.3% growth in Duterte's first year.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Bersales |first=Lisa Grace S. |date=August 17, 2017 |title=Philippine Economy Grows by 6.5 Percent in the Second Quarter; 6.4 Percent in the First Half of 2017 |work=Philippine Statistics Authority |url=https://psa.gov.ph/content/philippine-economy-grows-65-percent-second-quarter-64-percent-first-half-2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170817063256/https://psa.gov.ph/content/philippine-economy-grows-65-percent-second-quarter-64-percent-first-half-2017 |archive-date=August 17, 2017}} However, despite growth in other sectors, Duterte's administration struggled to revive the farm sector,{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Royandoyan |first=Ramon |date=August 8, 2022 |title=Farm output shrinks in Duterte admin's final quarter |work=The Philippine Star |url=https://www.philstar.com/business/2022/08/08/2201179/farm-output-shrinks-duterte-admins-final-quarter |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220808093757/https://www.philstar.com/business/2022/08/08/2201179/farm-output-shrinks-duterte-admins-final-quarter |archive-date=August 8, 2022}} which has continued to decline.{{Cite journal |date=April 7, 2017 |title=Agricultural Policies in the Philippines |url=https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/sites/9789264269088-5-en/index.html?itemId=/content/component/9789264269088-5-en |journal=OECD Food and Agricultural Reviews |publisher=Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development |at=1.3. Agricultural situation |doi=10.1787/9789264269088-en |isbn=9789264269095 |issn=2411-4278 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210308171835/https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/sites/9789264269088-5-en/index.html?itemId=/content/component/9789264269088-5-en |archive-date=March 8, 2021 |quote=The non-agricultural economy has grown substantially faster than the agricultural sector, pushing down agriculture’s share in GDP from 22% in 1990 to 11% in 2014. Agriculture’s share in total employment declined from 45% to 30% over the same period|url-access=subscription }}{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Ferrolino |first=Mark Louis F. |date=October 25, 2019 |title=Optimizing agri sector's potential through tech |work=BusinessWorld |url=https://www.bworldonline.com/features/2019/10/25/261017/optimizing-agri-sectors-potential-through-tech/ |access-date=October 26, 2022 |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221026011017/https://www.bworldonline.com/features/2019/10/25/261017/optimizing-agri-sectors-potential-through-tech/ |archive-date=October 26, 2022 |url-status=live }}

File:Republic Act No. 11203 (20190214-RA-11203-RRD).pdf

Inflation in 2018 led to the Rice Tariffication Law (RTL) being enacted in 2019, which ended the National Food Authority's monopoly on rice imports.{{#invoke:Cite|news |date=September 9, 2019 |title=Development plans seek to boost Philippine agriculture and fishery exports |language=en |work=Oxford Business Group |url=https://oxfordbusinessgroup.com/overview/room-grow-infrastructure-development-and-new-legislation-are-set-help-sector-realise-its-full |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200527051215/https://oxfordbusinessgroup.com/overview/room-grow-infrastructure-development-and-new-legislation-are-set-help-sector-realise-its-full |archive-date=May 27, 2020}}{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Reganit |first=Jose Cielito |date=December 19, 2018 |title=Rice tariffication assures availability of cheap rice |language=en |work=Philippine News Agency |url=https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1057109 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181224051352/https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1057109 |archive-date=December 24, 2018}} The RTL replaced import limits with a 35% tariff,{{#invoke:Cite|news |last1=Ocampo |first1=King Francis |last2=Pobre |first2=Kimberly Karen |date=April 15, 2021 |title=Fighting the Good Fight: The Case of the Philippine Rice Sector |work=The Asia Foundation |url=https://asiafoundation.org/2021/04/14/fighting-the-good-fight-the-case-of-the-philippine-rice-sector/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210415012408/https://asiafoundation.org/2021/04/14/fighting-the-good-fight-the-case-of-the-philippine-rice-sector/ |archive-date=April 15, 2021}}{{#invoke:Cite|news |last1=Tadalan |first1=Charmaine A. |last2=Ignacio |first2=Reicelene Joy N. |date=February 15, 2019 |title=Duterte signs rice tariffication bill |work=BusinessWorld |url=https://www.bworldonline.com/duterte-signs-rice-tariffication-bill/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190314055203/https://www.bworldonline.com/duterte-signs-rice-tariffication-bill/ |archive-date=March 14, 2019}} with revenue going to a Rice Competitiveness Enhancement Fund to support farmers. Despite criticism,{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Adriano |first=Fermin |date=March 24, 2022 |title=Rice Tariffication Law: Three years after |language=en |work=The Manila Times |url=https://www.manilatimes.net/2022/03/24/business/agribusiness/rice-tariffication-law-three-years-after/1837336 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220326010600/https://www.manilatimes.net/2022/03/24/business/agribusiness/rice-tariffication-law-three-years-after/1837336 |archive-date=March 26, 2022}}{{Cite journal |last1=Balié |first1=Jean |last2=Minot |first2=Nicholas |last3=Valera |first3=Harold Glenn A. |date=March 1, 2021 |title=Distributional impacts of the rice tariffication policy in the Philippines |journal=Economic Analysis and Policy |volume=69 |pages=290 |doi=10.1016/j.eap.2020.12.005 |s2cid=230582873 |quote=The Law has been criticized by some policymakers, notably members of congress, prominent farmers’ groups, and a few members of academia.|doi-access=free }} the law gained support from business groups,{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Galang |first=Vincent Mariel P. |date=September 26, 2019 |title=Major business groups support rice tariffication law |work=BusinessWorld |url=https://www.bworldonline.com/corporate/2019/09/27/255666/major-business-groups-support-rice-tariffication-law/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220516114825/https://www.bworldonline.com/corporate/2019/09/27/255666/major-business-groups-support-rice-tariffication-law/ |archive-date=May 16, 2022}} and retail rice prices stabilized.{{Cite journal |last=Briones |first=Roehlano M. |date=February 2021 |title=Does rice tariffication in the Philippines worsen income poverty and inequality? |url=https://think-asia.org/bitstream/handle/11540/13212/pidspn2102.pdf |url-status=dead |journal=PIDS Policy Notes |publisher=Philippine Institute for Development Studies |page=1 |issn=2508-0865 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220516112141/https://think-asia.org/bitstream/handle/11540/13212/pidspn2102.pdf |archive-date=May 16, 2022}} In 2019, Duterte authorized the Department of Agriculture to use tariff funds for cash assistance to small farmers.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Parrocha |first=Azer |date=January 6, 2022 |title=New law giving 'small' farmers cash assistance until 2024 inked |work=Philippine News Agency |url=https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1164702 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220110034039/https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1164702 |archive-date=January 10, 2022}}

Duterte signed a law easing Commonwealth era restrictions on agricultural patents, allowing land titles to be immediately available for trade.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Cudis |first=Christine |date=March 14, 2019 |title=Duterte signs law allowing simpler patents for farmers |language=en |work=Philippine News Agency |url=https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1064557 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190317045855/https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1064557 |archive-date=March 17, 2019}} The Sagip Saka Act was signed in 2019, promoting enterprise development for farmers and fishermen to boost their incomes{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Merez |first=Arianne |date=May 27, 2019 |title=Duterte signs law on enterprise development for farmers, fishermen |work=ABS-CBN News |url=https://news.abs-cbn.com/news/05/27/19/duterte-signs-law-on-enterprise-development-for-farmers-fishermen |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190527052836/https://news.abs-cbn.com/news/05/27/19/duterte-signs-law-on-enterprise-development-for-farmers-fishermen |archive-date=May 27, 2019}} and strengthen the direct purchase of agricultural goods.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Balinbin |first=Arjay L. |date=May 27, 2019 |title=Duterte signs Sagip-Saka Law boosting direct procurement of agricultural goods |work=BusinessWorld |url=https://www.bworldonline.com/duterte-signs-sagip-saka-law-boosting-direct-procurement-of-agricultural-goods/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190722234018/https://www.bworldonline.com/duterte-signs-sagip-saka-law-boosting-direct-procurement-of-agricultural-goods/ |archive-date=July 22, 2019}} Certification of organic produce was made more accessible and affordable.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Parrocha |first=Azer |date=January 5, 2021 |title=Bill amending Organic Agriculture Act of 2010 signed into law |language=en |work=Philippine News Agency |url=https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1126462 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210105122110/https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1126462 |archive-date=January 5, 2021}}{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Medenilla |first=Samuel |date=January 6, 2021 |title=Organic farmer-exporters get more perks in new law |work=BusinessMirror |url=https://businessmirror.com.ph/2021/01/06/organic-farmer-exporters-get-more-perks-in-new-law/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210105222719/https://businessmirror.com.ph/2021/01/06/organic-farmer-exporters-get-more-perks-in-new-law/ |archive-date=January 5, 2021}} In 2020, Duterte provided new agricultural graduates with up to {{convert|3|ha|abbr=out|spell=in}} of land{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Ocampo |first=Karl R. |date=December 3, 2020 |title=Gov't offering land to agri grads |language=en |newspaper=Philippine Daily Inquirer |url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1367475/govt-offering-land-to-agri-grads |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201202233201/https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1367475/govt-offering-land-to-agri-grads |archive-date=December 2, 2020}} to encourage young people to enter agriculture and avoid a farmer shortage.{{#invoke:Cite|news |date=August 18, 2021 |title=DAR to distribute 232k hectares |work=Manila Standard |url=https://manilastandard.net/news/national/362713/dar-to-distribute-232k-hectares.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210828201128/https://manilastandard.net/news/national/362713/dar-to-distribute-232k-hectares.html |archive-date=August 28, 2021}} In an effort to help farmers and lower the prices of agricultural products, the Duterte administration relaunched the Kadiwa program of President Ferdinand Marcos, allowing farmers to directly sell their produce to consumers.{{cite news |last1=Esconde |first1=Ernie B. |title=First Kadiwa launched in Bataan |url=https://www.manilatimes.net/2020/01/30/news/regions/first-kadiwa-launched-in-bataan/678282 |access-date=March 31, 2023 |work=The Manila Times |date=January 30, 2020 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20230331165004/https://www.manilatimes.net/2020/01/30/news/regions/first-kadiwa-launched-in-bataan/678282 |archive-date=March 31, 2023 |language=en}}

In February 2018, Duterte signed a law providing free irrigation for farmers owning up to {{convert|8|ha|abbr=out|spell=in}} of land,{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Musico |first=Jelly |date=February 9, 2018 |title=Duterte approves free irrigation law |language=en |work=Philippine News Agency |url=https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1024671 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180211213828/https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1024671 |archive-date=February 11, 2018}} benefiting about 1.033 million farmers by December 2021.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Arcalas |first=Jasper Y. |date=June 2, 2022 |title=NIA: Projects expanded PHL's irrigated areas |work=BusinessMirror |url=https://businessmirror.com.ph/2022/06/02/nia-projects-expanded-phls-irrigated-areas/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220601172355/https://businessmirror.com.ph/2022/06/02/nia-projects-expanded-phls-irrigated-areas/ |archive-date=June 1, 2022}} In February 2021, a law creating a trust fund for coconut farmers was signed,{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Aguilar |first=Krissy |date=February 26, 2021 |title=Duterte signs law creating coco levy trust fund |language=en |newspaper=Philippine Daily Inquirer |url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1400546/duterte-signs-law-creating-coco-levy-trust-fund |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210226133754/https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1400546/duterte-signs-law-creating-coco-levy-trust-fund |archive-date=February 26, 2021}} and in June 2022, an executive order implementing the Coconut Farmers and Industry Development Plan was issued, facilitating the release of ₱75 billion of coco levy assets declared state property by the Supreme Court.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Cordero |first=Ted |date=June 8, 2022 |title=Duterte issues EO on coconut industry dev't, allowing release of P75-B coco levy trust fund |language=en |work=GMA News Online |url=https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/money/economy/834304/duterte-issues-eo-on-coconut-industry-dev-t-allowing-release-of-coco-levy-trust-fund/story/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220608103442/https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/money/economy/834304/duterte-issues-eo-on-coconut-industry-dev-t-allowing-release-of-coco-levy-trust-fund/story/ |archive-date=June 8, 2022}}{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Jocson |first=Luisa Maria Jacinta C. |date=June 8, 2022 |title=Duterte signs EO implementing coconut industry dev't plan |work=BusinessWorld |url=https://www.bworldonline.com/economy/2022/06/08/453712/duterte-signs-eo-implementing-coconut-industry-devt-plan/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220608150813/https://www.bworldonline.com/economy/2022/06/08/453712/duterte-signs-eo-implementing-coconut-industry-devt-plan/ |archive-date=June 8, 2022}}

In 2019, African swine fever prompted the Philippine government to tighten animal quarantine and ban pork imports.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last1=dela Cruz |first1=Enrico |last2=Maguire |first2=Gavin |last3=Schmollinger |first3=Christian |last4=Hogue |first4=Tom |date=September 9, 2019 |title=Philippines declares first African swine fever outbreak near Manila |language=en |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-philippines-swinefever-idUSKCN1VU07V |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190909182857/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-philippines-swinefever-idUSKCN1VU07V |archive-date=September 9, 2019}} Over three million hogs were culled from 2020-2021, causing a supply deficit and higher pork prices.{{#invoke:Cite|news |date=April 15, 2021 |title=Philippines faces pork shortage due to African swine fever |work=Xinhua |url=http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/asiapacific/2021-04/15/c_139882822.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210430030036/http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/asiapacific/2021-04/15/c_139882822.htm |archive-date=April 30, 2021}} In response, Duterte lowered import tariffs on pork for one year and initiated a repopulation program.{{#invoke:Cite|news |date=April 7, 2021 |title=Duterte signs EO on lowering tariffs on imported pork meat |work=CNN Philippines |url=https://www.cnnphilippines.com/news/2021/4/7/Duterte-signs-EO-on-lowering-tariffs-on-imported-pork-meat.html | url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210407143103/https://www.cnnphilippines.com/news/2021/4/7/Duterte-signs-EO-on-lowering-tariffs-on-imported-pork-meat.html |archive-date=April 7, 2021}}{{#invoke:Cite|news |last1=Dela Cruz |first1=Enrico |last2=Petty |first2=Martin |date=January 18, 2022 |title=Swine fever-hit Philippines sees 'substantial' growth in hog population |language=en |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/markets/commodities/swine-fever-hit-philippines-sees-substantial-growth-hog-population-2022-01-18/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220118094105/https://www.reuters.com/markets/commodities/swine-fever-hit-philippines-sees-substantial-growth-hog-population-2022-01-18/ |archive-date=January 18, 2022}} On May 10, 2021, Duterte declared a state of calamity due to the continued spread of the disease.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Gita-Carlos |first=Ruth Abbey |date=May 11, 2021 |title=PH placed under state of calamity due to ASF outbreak |language=en |work=Philippine News Agency |url=https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1139854 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210511150026/https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1139854 |archive-date=May 11, 2021}}

By July 2021, the Duterte administration had completed {{convert|2025|km|miles|abbr=out}} of farm-to-market roads and {{convert|94.99|km|miles|abbr=out}} of farm-to-mill roads under the Build! Build! Build! program.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Patinio |first=Ferdinand |date=July 23, 2021 |title='Build, Build, Build': Paving the way to progress |language=en |work=Philippine News Agency |url=https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1147990 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210723163812/https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1147990 |archive-date=July 23, 2021}}

=Disaster resilience=

File:Aerial inspection of areas affected by Tropical Storm Agaton in the Province of Capiz on April 16, 2022 (4).jpg during an aerial inspection of areas affected by Tropical Storm Agaton in Capiz on April 16, 2022]]

Since 2017,{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Patajo-Kapunan |first=Atty. Lorna |date=April 29, 2019 |title=Department of Disaster Resilience |work=BusinessMirror |url=https://businessmirror.com.ph/2019/04/29/department-of-disaster-resilience/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210528160753/https://businessmirror.com.ph/2019/04/29/department-of-disaster-resilience/ |archive-date=May 28, 2021}}{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Morales |first=Yvette |date=July 25, 2017 |title=Duterte wants separate agency on disaster management |work=CNN Philippines |url=https://www.cnnphilippines.com/news/2017/07/25/Duterte-wants-a-separate-authority-on-disaster-resiliency.html | url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170725021259/https://www.cnnphilippines.com/news/2017/07/25/Duterte-wants-a-separate-authority-on-disaster-resiliency.html |archive-date=July 25, 2017}} Duterte called for the creation of the Department of Disaster Resilience to administer disaster response and rehabilitation, but the bill was opposed by some senators over concerns about bureaucracy.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Ramos |first=Christia Marie |date=November 15, 2020 |title=Creation of a disaster resilience department facing resistance in Congress — Duterte |language=en |newspaper=Philippine Daily Inquirer |url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1360983/creation-of-a-disaster-resilience-department-facing-resistance-in-congress-duterte |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201115110730/https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1360983/creation-of-a-disaster-resilience-department-facing-resistance-in-congress-duterte |archive-date=November 15, 2020}} In 2019, Duterte approved GeoRisk PH, a multi-agency initiative to serve as the central resource for natural hazard and risk-assessment information.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Funa |first=Dennis B. |date=September 1, 2020 |title=The GeoRisk Philippines initiative |work=BusinessMirror |url=https://businessmirror.com.ph/2020/09/01/the-georisk-philippines-initiative/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220508111658/https://businessmirror.com.ph/2020/09/01/the-georisk-philippines-initiative/ |archive-date=May 8, 2022}}{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Rita |first=Joviland |date=July 22, 2020 |title=DOST chief says facilities for disaster monitoring have improved |language=en |work=GMA News Online |url=https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/scitech/science/747992/dost-chief-says-facilities-for-disaster-monitoring-have-improved/story/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220508112311/https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/scitech/science/747992/dost-chief-says-facilities-for-disaster-monitoring-have-improved/story/ |archive-date=May 8, 2022}}

Following the 2020 Taal Volcano eruption, Duterte called for the construction of more evacuation centers in disaster-prone areas;{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Aguilar |first=Krissy |date=January 14, 2020 |title=Duterte wants more evacuation centers built before term ends |language=en |newspaper=Philippine Daily Inquirer |url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1213125/duterte-wants-more-evacuation-centers-built-before-term-ends |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200114161831/https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1213125/duterte-wants-more-evacuation-centers-built-before-term-ends |archive-date=January 14, 2020}} by July 2021, 223 new evacuation centers had been constructed under the Build! Build! Build! program.{{#invoke:Cite|news |date=July 28, 2021 |title='Build, Build, Build': 5-year infra dev't highlights Duterte's last SONA |work=Manila Bulletin |url=https://mb.com.ph/2021/07/28/build-build-build-5-year-infra-devt-highlights-dutertes-last-sona/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210728050857/https://mb.com.ph/2021/07/28/build-build-build-5-year-infra-devt-highlights-dutertes-last-sona/ |archive-date=July 28, 2021}} After typhoons Rolly and Ulysses hit the country, Duterte issued an executive order creating the Build Back Better Task Force, a permanent inter-agency body responsible for post-disaster rehabilitation and recovery in affected areas.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Quinones |first=Melinda T. |date=November 21, 2020 |title=PRRD signs EO creating the "Build Back Better Task Force" - Philippines |language=en |work=ReliefWeb |url=https://reliefweb.int/report/philippines/prrd-signs-eo-creating-build-back-better-task-force |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201129153101/https://reliefweb.int/report/philippines/prrd-signs-eo-creating-build-back-better-task-force |archive-date=November 29, 2020}} In September 2021, Duterte signed the BFP Modernization Act, mandating a 10-year program to modernize the Bureau of Fire Protection and expanding its mandate to include disaster-risk response and emergency management.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Gita-Carlos |first=Ruth Abbey |date=September 10, 2021 |title=Duterte signs BFP Modernization Act |language=en |work=Philippine News Agency |url=https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1153215 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210910144257/https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1153215 |archive-date=September 10, 2021}} In April 2022, the government inaugurated three evacuation centers in Batangas province outside the {{convert|14|km|adj=mid|abbr=out|sp=us}} Taal Volcano danger zone.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Kabagani |first=Lade Jean |date=April 4, 2022 |title=3 evacuation centers rise in disaster-prone Batangas towns |language=en |work=Philippine News Agency |url=https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1171387 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220404110756/https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1171387 |archive-date=April 4, 2022}}

=Economy=

File:Rodrigo Duterte at WEF Forum, Phnom Penh (2017-05-11).jpg in Phnom Penh, Cambodia, May 11, 2017]]

class="wikitable floatright" style="text-align:center;" \|+ Real GDP growth rate {{nowrap\|(year-on-year)}} under the Duterte administration{{#invoke:Cite\|news \|date=August 21, 2021 \|title=PHL economic performance in Q2 2021 \|work=Daily Tribune \|url=https://tribune.net.ph/index.php/2021/08/21/phl-economic-performance-in-q2-2021/ \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210828124047/https://tribune.net.ph/index.php/2021/08/21/phl-economic-performance-in-q2-2021/ \|archive-date=August 28, 2021}}{{#invoke:Cite\|web\|last=Mapa \|first=Dennis S. \|date=August 9, 2022 \|title=GDP Expands by 7.4 Percent in the Second Quarter of 2022 \|url=https://psa.gov.ph/content/gdp-expands-74-percent-second-quarter-2022 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220809101041/https://psa.gov.ph/content/gdp-expands-74-percent-second-quarter-2022 \|archive-date=August 9, 2022 \|website=Philippine Statistics Authority}}
style="vertical-align:top;" ! scope="col \| Year ! scope="col \| Quarter ! scope="col \| Growth rate
scope="row" rowspan="2" \| 2016 \| 3rd \| 7.3%
4th \| 6.9%
scope="row" rowspan="4" \| 2017 \| 1st \| 6.4%
2nd \| 7.2%
3rd \| 7.5%
4th \| 6.6%
scope="row" rowspan="4" \| 2018 \| 1st \| 6.5%
2nd \| 6.4%
3rd \| 6.1%
4th \| 6.4%
scope="row" rowspan="4" \| 2019 \| 1st \| 5.9%
2nd \| 5.6%
3rd \| 6.3%
4th \| 6.6%
scope="row" rowspan="4" \| 2020 \| 1st \| -0.7%
2nd \| -16.9%
3rd \| -11.6%
4th \| -8.2%
scope="row" rowspan="4" \| 2021 \| 1st \| -3.8%
2nd \| 12.1%
3rd \| 7.0%
4th \| 7.8%
scope="row" rowspan="2" \| 2022 \| 1st \| 8.2%
2nd \| 7.4%

class="wikitable floatright" style="text-align:center;"

|+ Real GDP growth rate {{nowrap|(year-on-year)}} under the Duterte administration{{#invoke:Cite|news |date=August 21, 2021 |title=PHL economic performance in Q2 2021 |work=Daily Tribune |url=https://tribune.net.ph/index.php/2021/08/21/phl-economic-performance-in-q2-2021/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210828124047/https://tribune.net.ph/index.php/2021/08/21/phl-economic-performance-in-q2-2021/ |archive-date=August 28, 2021}}{{#invoke:Cite|web|last=Mapa |first=Dennis S. |date=August 9, 2022 |title=GDP Expands by 7.4 Percent in the Second Quarter of 2022 |url=https://psa.gov.ph/content/gdp-expands-74-percent-second-quarter-2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220809101041/https://psa.gov.ph/content/gdp-expands-74-percent-second-quarter-2022 |archive-date=August 9, 2022 |website=Philippine Statistics Authority}}

style="vertical-align:top;"

! scope="col | Year

! scope="col | Quarter

! scope="col | Growth
rate

scope="row" rowspan="2" | 2016

| 3rd

| 7.3%

4th

| 6.9%

scope="row" rowspan="4" | 2017

| 1st

| 6.4%

2nd

| 7.2%

3rd

| 7.5%

4th

| 6.6%

scope="row" rowspan="4" | 2018

| 1st

| 6.5%

2nd

| 6.4%

3rd

| 6.1%

4th

| 6.4%

scope="row" rowspan="4" | 2019

| 1st

| 5.9%

2nd

| 5.6%

3rd

| 6.3%

4th

| 6.6%

scope="row" rowspan="4" | 2020

| 1st

| -0.7%

2nd

| -16.9%

3rd

| -11.6%

4th

| -8.2%

scope="row" rowspan="4" | 2021

| 1st

| -3.8%

2nd

| 12.1%

3rd

| 7.0%

4th

| 7.8%

scope="row" rowspan="2" | 2022

| 1st

| 8.2%

2nd

| 7.4%

Duterte inherited from the Aquino III administration a strong economy but limited public-infrastructure investment.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Sicat |first=Gerardo P. |date=July 13, 2016 |title=Macroeconomic directions: Duterte vs Aquino |work=Foundation for Economic Freedom |publisher=The Philippine Star |url=https://www.fef.org.ph/gerardo-sicat/macroeconomic-directions-duterte-vs-aquino/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160722140744/https://www.fef.org.ph/gerardo-sicat/macroeconomic-directions-duterte-vs-aquino/ |archive-date=July 22, 2016}}{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Magtulis |first=Prinz P. |date=May 27, 2016 |title=Awash With Cash: The Duterte Government's Inheritance From Aquino |work=The Diplomat |url=https://thediplomat.com/2016/05/awash-with-cash-the-duterte-governments-inheritance-from-aquino/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160528162302/https://thediplomat.com/2016/05/awash-with-cash-the-duterte-governments-inheritance-from-aquino/ |archive-date=May 28, 2016}} He promised to continue Aquino's macroeconomic policies while increasing infrastructure spending through his economic team's 10-point socio-economic agenda.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Macas |first=Trisha |date=June 20, 2016 |title=Duterte's economic team reveals 10-point socioeconomic agenda |work=GMA News Online |url=https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/money/economy/570703/duterte-s-economic-team-reveals-10-point-socioeconomic-agenda/story/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190812200907/https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/money/economy/570703/duterte-s-economic-team-reveals-10-point-socioeconomic-agenda/story/ |archive-date=August 12, 2019}}{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Chen |first=Qingzhen |date=June 27, 2016 |title=Duterte's new economic agenda: What is old and what is new? |work=Global Risk Insights |url=https://globalriskinsights.com/2016/06/duterte-economic-agenda/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160910235407/https://globalriskinsights.com/2016/06/duterte-economic-agenda/ |archive-date=September 10, 2016}}{{#invoke:Cite|news |last1=Aquino |first1=Norman P. |last2=Sayson |first2=Ian C. |date=May 12, 2016 |title=Philippines' Duterte Vows to Continue Aquino's Economic Policies |language=en |work=Bloomberg News |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2016-05-12/philippines-duterte-vows-to-continue-aquino-s-economic-policies |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160512113431/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2016-05-12/philippines-duterte-vows-to-continue-aquino-s-economic-policies |archive-date=May 12, 2016}} To attract more investors by easing restrictions on international retailers,{{#invoke:Cite|news |last1=Calonzo |first1=Andreo |last2=Lopez |first2=Ditas B. |date=July 25, 2021 |title=Duterte Pushes to Open Philippines to More Foreign Investors |work=Bloomberg News |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-07-25/duterte-set-to-push-congress-on-virus-recovery-successor |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210726011148/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-07-25/duterte-set-to-push-congress-on-virus-recovery-successor |archive-date=July 26, 2021}} Duterte signed into law amendments to both the Foreign Investment Act of 1991{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Cervantes |first=Filane Mikee |date=March 4, 2022 |title=PRRD signs law amending Foreign Investments Act |language=en |work=Philippine News Agency |url=https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1169060 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220305005159/https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1169060 |archive-date=March 5, 2022}} and the 85-year old Public Service Act.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Parrocha |first=Azer |date=March 21, 2022 |title=Duterte signs law amending Public Service Act |language=en |work=Philippine News Agency |url=https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1170293 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220321122911/https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1170293 |archive-date=March 21, 2022}} His administration took initiatives to support micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs){{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Cahiles-Magkilat |first=Bernie |date=July 26, 2021 |title=DTI boosts entrepreneurship under Duterte – Lopez |work=Manila Bulletin |url=https://mb.com.ph/2021/07/26/dti-boosts-entrepreneurship-under-duterte-lopez/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210725221855/https://mb.com.ph/2021/07/26/dti-boosts-entrepreneurship-under-duterte-lopez/ |archive-date=July 25, 2021}} by launching a microfinance program as an alternative to predatory private loans{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Crismundo |first=Kris |date=July 26, 2021 |title=Over 219K micro biz benefitted from P3 lending program |language=en |work=Philippine News Agency |url=https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1148336 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211219065014/https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1148336 |archive-date=December 19, 2021}}{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Canivel |first=Roy Stephen C. |date=March 26, 2020 |title=Loan facility set up for small, microenterprises |language=en |newspaper=Philippine Daily Inquirer |url=https://business.inquirer.net/293434/loan-facility-set-up-for-small-microenterprises |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200326160827/https://business.inquirer.net/293434/loan-facility-set-up-for-small-microenterprises |archive-date=March 26, 2020}} and significantly increasing the creation of Negosyo Centers that provide efficient services for MSMEs.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Desiderio |first=Louella |date=December 2, 2018 |title=Negosyo Centers reach 1,000 mark |work=The Philippine Star |url=https://www.philstar.com/business/2018/12/02/1873345/negosyo-centers-reach-1000-mark |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181213083445/https://www.philstar.com/business/2018/12/02/1873345/negosyo-centers-reach-1000-mark |archive-date=December 13, 2018}} To address rising inflation following the devastation caused by Typhoon Ompong in September 2018, Duterte signed an administrative order removing non-tariff barriers on agricultural imports.{{#invoke:Cite|news |date=October 19, 2018 |title=Inflation at 6.2 percent for third quarter of 2018: BSP |language=en-US |work=ABS-CBN News |url=https://news.abs-cbn.com/business/10/19/18/inflation-at-62-percent-for-third-quarter-of-2018-bsp |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181019043746/https://news.abs-cbn.com/business/10/19/18/inflation-at-62-percent-for-third-quarter-of-2018-bsp |archive-date=October 19, 2018}}{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Esmaquel II |first=Paterno |date=September 25, 2018 |title=Duterte cuts red tape in importing agricultural products |language=en |work=Rappler |url=https://www.rappler.com/business/212779-duterte-cuts-red-tape-importing-agricultural-products |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180925073230/https://www.rappler.com/business/212779-duterte-cuts-red-tape-importing-agricultural-products |archive-date=September 25, 2018}} In February 2019, he signed a law updating the 38-year-old Corporation Code of the Philippines to allow a single person to form a corporation.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Placido |first=Dharel |date=February 21, 2019 |title=Duterte signs revised Corporation Code |work=ABS-CBN News |url=https://news.abs-cbn.com/business/02/21/19/duterte-signs-revised-corporation-code |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190221160505/https://news.abs-cbn.com/business/02/21/19/duterte-signs-revised-corporation-code |archive-date=February 21, 2019}} After several more reforms such as the Ease of Doing Business law, the Philippines' ease-of-doing-business ranking improved from 124th to 95th, according to the World Bank's 2020 Doing Business Report.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last1=Laforga |first1=Beatrice M. |last2=Ibañez |first2=Jenina P. |date=October 24, 2019 |title=PHL moves up 'Doing Business' rank |work=BusinessWorld |url=https://www.bworldonline.com/phl-moves-up-doing-business-rank/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191025121228/https://www.bworldonline.com/phl-moves-up-doing-business-rank/ |archive-date=October 25, 2019}}

In 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic caused the Philippine economy to enter a recession following government lockdowns and restrictions. Gross domestic product (GDP) shrunk by 9.5% in 2020,{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Manuel |first=Pilar |date=January 28, 2021 |title=PH economy plunges by record -9.5% in 2020 as Q4 GDP maintains slump |work=CNN Philippines |url=https://www.cnnphilippines.com/business/2021/1/28/2020-Q4-full-year-GDP.html | url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210128020943/https://www.cnnphilippines.com/business/2021/1/28/2020-Q4-full-year-GDP.html |archive-date=January 28, 2021}} prompting the administration to loosen restrictions to revive the economy.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Calonzo |first=Andreo |date=May 13, 2021 |title=Philippines Eases Virus Curbs as Economy Stays in Recession |language=en |work=Bloomberg News |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-05-13/philippines-eases-virus-curbs-as-economy-remains-in-recession |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210514020755/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-05-13/philippines-eases-virus-curbs-as-economy-remains-in-recession |archive-date=May 14, 2021}} GDP recovered to 5.6% in 2021 after the administration initiated a nationwide vaccination drive and eased pandemic-related restrictions;{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Hilotin |first=Jay |date=January 27, 2022 |title=Philippine economy jumps 5.6% in 2021 on higher household consumption, easing of COVID curbs |language=en |work=Gulf News |url=https://gulfnews.com/business/philippine-economy-jumps-56-in-2021-on-higher-household-consumption-easing-of-covid-curbs-1.1643305479352 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220127181020/https://gulfnews.com/business/philippine-economy-jumps-56-in-2021-on-higher-household-consumption-easing-of-covid-curbs-1.1643305479352 |archive-date=January 27, 2022}}{{#invoke:Cite|news |date=January 27, 2022 |title=Philippine economy grows 5.6 percent in 2021, exceeds target |work=ABS-CBN News |url=https://news.abs-cbn.com/business/01/27/22/ph-economy-grows-56-percent-in-2021-beats-forecasts |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220130065535/https://news.abs-cbn.com/business/01/27/22/ph-economy-grows-56-percent-in-2021-beats-forecasts |archive-date=January 30, 2022}} simultaneously, the country's debt-to-GDP ratio rose from 39.6% in pre-pandemic 2020 to 60.4% as of June 2021 due to loans incurred by the government to address the pandemic.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Leyco |first=Chino S. |date=January 2, 2022 |title=PH COVID-19 loans hit P1.4 T |work=Manila Bulletin |url=https://mb.com.ph/2022/01/02/ph-covid-19-loans-hit-p1-4-t/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220102143137/https://mb.com.ph/2022/01/02/ph-covid-19-loans-hit-p1-4-t/ |archive-date=January 2, 2022}}

On March 21, 2022, Duterte signed an executive order adopting a 10-point policy agenda to hasten economic recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Romero |first=Alexis |date=March 23, 2022 |title=Duterte signs 10-point economic recovery plan |work=The Philippine Star |url=https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2022/03/24/2169442/duterte-signs-10-point-economic-recovery-plan |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220323193216/https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2022/03/24/2169442/duterte-signs-10-point-economic-recovery-plan |archive-date=March 23, 2022}} To reduce the country's debt, which rose to ₱12.68 trillion as of March 2022, in May that year, the Duterte administration's economic team proposed to the incoming Marcos administration a fiscal consolidation plan containing corrective tax measures including the expansion of value-added tax to raise government revenues.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Fernandez |first=Daniza |date=June 2, 2022 |title=Duterte admin presents plan to cut PH debt to Marcos admin, says Palace |language=en |newspaper=Philippine Daily Inquirer |url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1605796/duterte-admin-presents-plan-to-cut-ph-debt-to-marcos-admin-says-palace |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220602113812/https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1605796/duterte-admin-presents-plan-to-cut-ph-debt-to-marcos-admin-says-palace |archive-date=June 2, 2022}} By the second quarter of 2022, the Philippine economy had grown by 7.4%, making the country the second-fastest growing economy in Southeast Asia.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Rada |first=July |date=August 9, 2022 |title=GDP grew 7.4% in second quarter |work=Manila Standard |url=https://manilastandard.net/business/314250323/gdp-grew-7-4-in-second-quarter.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220809102141/https://manilastandard.net/business/314250323/gdp-grew-7-4-in-second-quarter.html |archive-date=August 9, 2022}}

==Infrastructure development==

To reduce poverty, encourage economic growth, and reduce congestion in Metro Manila, the Duterte administration launched Build! Build! Build! (BBB); a comprehensive infrastructure program,{{#invoke:Cite|news |date=April 19, 2017 |title=DuterteNomics unveiled |publisher=Presidential Communications Operations Office |url=http://pcoo.gov.ph/dutertenomics-unveiled/ |access-date=June 28, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170420212221/http://pcoo.gov.ph/dutertenomics-unveiled/ |archive-date=April 20, 2017}} on April 18, 2017.{{#invoke:Cite|news |date=April 24, 2017 |title=Government's Build Build Build program embodied in PDP 2017-2022 – AmBisyon Natin 2040 |work=National Economic and Development Authority |url=https://2040.neda.gov.ph/2017/04/24/governments-build-build-build-program-embodied-in-pdp-2017-2022/ |access-date=August 7, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170709020906/https://2040.neda.gov.ph/2017/04/24/governments-build-build-build-program-embodied-in-pdp-2017-2022/ |archive-date=July 9, 2017 |quote=Build Build Build, the administration’s comprehensive infrastructure development program, was launched during the Dutertenomics Forum held last April 18 at The Conrad Hotel, Pasay City.}} The program was part of the administration's socioeconomic policy, which aimed to start a "Golden Age of Infrastructure" by increasing spending on public infrastructure from 5.4% of the country's GDP in 2017 to 7.4% in 2022.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Marasigan |first=Lorenz S. |date=May 7, 2017 |title=BBB program gains headway |work=BusinessMirror |url=https://businessmirror.com.ph/2017/05/07/bbb-program-gains-headway/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112044637/https://businessmirror.com.ph/2017/05/07/bbb-program-gains-headway/ |archive-date=November 12, 2020}}{{#invoke:Cite|news |last1=de Vera |first1=Ben O. |last2=Yee |first2=Jovic |last3=Camus |first3=Miguel R. |date=April 19, 2017 |title=Dutertenomics: 'Golden age of infrastructure' |language=en |newspaper=Philippine Daily Inquirer |url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/890225/dutertenomics-golden-age-of-infrastructure |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170420184710/https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/890225/dutertenomics-golden-age-of-infrastructure |archive-date=April 20, 2017}} In 2017, the administration shifted its infrastructure funding policy from public-private partnerships (PPPs) of previous administrations to government revenues and official development assistance (ODA), particularly from Japan and China.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Heydarian |first=Richard Javad |date=February 28, 2018 |title=Duterte's Ambitious 'Build, Build, Build' Project To Transform The Philippines Could Become His Legacy |language=en |work=Forbes |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/outofasia/2018/02/28/dutertes-ambitious-build-build-build-project-to-transform-the-philippines-could-become-his-legacy/ |access-date=May 23, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180310132636/https://www.forbes.com/sites/outofasia/2018/02/28/dutertes-ambitious-build-build-build-project-to-transform-the-philippines-could-become-his-legacy/ |archive-date=March 10, 2018}} From October 2019, the government worked with the private sector to provide additional funding.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Dumlao-Abadilla |first=Doris |date=April 18, 2020 |title=Fitch: PH faces wary private sector in infra policy shift |language=en |newspaper=Philippine Daily Inquirer |url=https://business.inquirer.net/295058/fitch-ph-faces-wary-private-sector-in-infra-policy-shift |access-date=May 23, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200421135948/https://business.inquirer.net/295058/fitch-ph-faces-wary-private-sector-in-infra-policy-shift |archive-date=April 21, 2020}}{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Rosales |first=Elijah Felice |date=September 18, 2021 |title=Government mulls shift in infrastructure funding tack |work=The Philippine Star |url=https://www.philstar.com/business/2021/09/18/2127861/government-mulls-shift-infrastructure-funding-tack |access-date=May 23, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210919063850/https://www.philstar.com/business/2021/09/18/2127861/government-mulls-shift-infrastructure-funding-tack |archive-date=September 19, 2021}}

File:Athletic Stadium of the New Clark City sports complex (July 19, 2019).jpg of the New Clark City sports complex, completed on October 12, 2019, 50 days before the opening of the 2019 Southeast Asian Games.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=De La Cruz |first=Gabrielle |date=October 29, 2019 |title=Athletic Stadium 100% complete 50 days before the SEA Games |work=BluPrint |publisher=One Mega Group |url=https://bluprint.onemega.com/athletic-stadium-100-before-sea-games/ |access-date=June 10, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191109132357/https://bluprint.onemega.com/athletic-stadium-100-before-sea-games/ |archive-date=November 9, 2019}}]]

In November 2019, the administration revised its list of Infrastructure Flagship Projects (IFPs) under the BBB program from 75 to 100,{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=de Guzman |first=Warren |date=November 14, 2019 |title=LIST: 100 projects under revised 'Build, Build, Build' |work=ABS-CBN News |url=https://news.abs-cbn.com/business/11/14/19/list-100-projects-under-revised-build-build-build |access-date=December 3, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191114074307/https://news.abs-cbn.com/business/11/14/19/list-100-projects-under-revised-build-build-build |archive-date=November 14, 2019}}{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=Recommended List of Projects for Inclusion in the Infrastructure Flagship Program |url=https://sa.kapamilya.com/absnews/abscbnnews/media/2019/business/11/15/ifp-list-final.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191203082837/https://sa.kapamilya.com/absnews/abscbnnews/media/2019/business/11/15/ifp-list-final.pdf |archive-date=December 3, 2019 |access-date=December 3, 2019 |website=ABS-CBN News}} then to 104, and to 112 in 2020,{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Royandoyan |first=Ramon |date=April 27, 2022 |title=Next president to inherit 88 infra projects on 'advanced stage' |work=The Philippine Star |url=https://www.philstar.com/business/2022/04/27/2177178/next-president-inherit-88-infra-projects-advanced-stage |access-date=June 10, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220427100412/https://www.philstar.com/business/2022/04/27/2177178/next-president-inherit-88-infra-projects-advanced-stage |archive-date=April 27, 2022}} expanding its scope to health, information-and-communications technology, and water infrastructure projects to support the country's economic growth and recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic. Some major projects included the Subic-Clark Railway,{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Mawis |first=Sara Mae D. |date=July 28, 2018 |title=Understanding the 'Build, Build, Build' program |newspaper=Philippine Daily Inquirer |url=https://business.inquirer.net/254682/understanding-build-build-build-program#ixzz5Tqyaj8U1 |access-date=October 13, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180727214200/https://business.inquirer.net/254682/understanding-build-build-build-program |archive-date=July 27, 2018}} the North–South Commuter Railway from New Clark City to Calamba, Laguna, the Metro Manila Subway,{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Camus |first=Miguel R. |date=September 16, 2021 |title=DOTr: Metro Manila Subway now 26% complete |language=en |newspaper=Philippine Daily Inquirer |url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1488502/dotr-subway-construction-stuck-at-1-operational-by-2027-yet |access-date=February 20, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210915222142/https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1488502/dotr-subway-construction-stuck-at-1-operational-by-2027-yet |archive-date=September 15, 2021}} the expansion of Clark International Airport the Mindanao Railway (Tagum-Davao-Digos Segment),{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Bagaforo |first=Nelson C. |date=June 26, 2017 |title=Mindanao railway project gets support |work=SunStar |url=http://www.sunstar.com.ph/davao/business/2017/06/26/mindanao-railway-project-gets-support-549693 |access-date=September 3, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170628234446/http://www.sunstar.com.ph/davao/business/2017/06/26/mindanao-railway-project-gets-support-549693 |archive-date=June 28, 2017}} and the Luzon Spine Expressway Network{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Lamentillo |first=Anna Mae Yu |date=March 23, 2018 |title=What is 'Build, Build, Build'? |language=en-US |work=Manila Bulletin |url=https://news.mb.com.ph/2018/03/23/what-is-build-build-build/ |access-date=May 30, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180825075856/https://news.mb.com.ph/2018/03/23/what-is-build-build-build/ |archive-date=August 25, 2018}}{{#invoke:Cite|news |date=January 26, 2018 |title=WATCH: Luzon Spine Expressway Network is Duterte's P107-billion traffic decongestion plan |work=The Summit Express |url=https://www.thesummitexpress.com/2018/01/luzon-spine-expressway-duterte-traffic-decongestion-plan.html |access-date=August 25, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180201031808/https://www.thesummitexpress.com/2018/01/luzon-spine-expressway-duterte-traffic-decongestion-plan.html |archive-date=February 1, 2018}} By April 2022, 12 IFPs had been completed while 88, which were at an advanced stage, were passed to the succeeding administration for completion.

From June 2016 to July 2021, {{convert|29264|km|abbr=on}} of roads, 5,950 bridges, 11,340 flood-control projects, 222 evacuation centers, 150,149 school classrooms, and 653 COVID-19 facilities were completed.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Patinio |first=Ferdinand |date=July 23, 2021 |title='Build, Build, Build': Paving the way to progress |work=Philippine News Agency |url=https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1147990 |access-date=February 10, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210723163812/https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1147990 |archive-date=July 23, 2021}}{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Lamentillo |first=Anna Mae Yu |date=July 21, 2021 |title=What has 'Build, Build, Build' achieved so far? |work=Manila Bulletin |url=https://mb.com.ph/2021/07/21/what-has-build-build-build-achieved-so-far/ |access-date=December 3, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210721070041/https://mb.com.ph/2021/07/21/what-has-build-build-build-achieved-so-far/ |archive-date=July 21, 2021}}

==Taxation==

File:PRRD signs 2018 budget, TRAIN (34794).jpg and 2018 General Appropriations Act at the Malacañang Palace on December 19, 2017.]]

The Duterte administration initiated a comprehensive tax reform program.{{Cite journal |last=Felipe |first=Marvee Anne C. |date=2022 |title=Tax Laws Enacted During the Duterte Administration and the Role of STSRO in the Law-making Process |url=https://legacy.senate.gov.ph/publications/STSRO/62_Tax%20Bits_Final.pdf |journal=Taxbits |publisher=Senate Tax Study and Research Office (STSRO) |volume=XI |issue=62nd Issue (January - February 2022) |pages=1–2 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220320085147/https://legacy.senate.gov.ph/publications/STSRO/62_Tax%20Bits_Final.pdf |archive-date=March 20, 2022}} The program's first package the Tax Reform for Acceleration and Inclusion Law (TRAIN Law) adjusted tax rates by excluding those earning an annual taxable income of ₱250,000 from paying personal income tax; the law also raised excise taxes on vehicles, sugar-sweetened beverages, petroleum products, and tobacco and other non-essential goods to generate funds for the administration's massive infrastructure program.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Cigaral |first=Ian Nicolas |date=December 19, 2017 |title=Duterte signs 2018 national budget, tax reform bill |work=The Philippine Star |url=https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2017/12/19/1769882/duterte-signs-2018-national-budget-tax-reform-bill |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171220091106/https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2017/12/19/1769882/duterte-signs-2018-national-budget-tax-reform-bill |archive-date=December 20, 2017}}{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Gulla |first=Vivienne |date=March 5, 2019 |title=Duterte: TRAIN law keeps gov't running |work=ABS-CBN News |url=https://news.abs-cbn.com/business/03/05/19/duterte-train-law-keeps-govt-running |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190313054447/https://news.abs-cbn.com/business/03/05/19/duterte-train-law-keeps-govt-running |archive-date=March 13, 2019}} The second package, the Corporate Recovery and Tax Incentives for Enterprises Act (CREATE Act), lowered corporate income tax from 30% to 25% to attract investment and maintain fiscal stability.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Gita-Carlos |first=Ruth Abbey |date=March 26, 2021 |title=Duterte signs CREATE bill into law |language=en |work=Philippine News Agency |url=https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1135049 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210622043637/https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1135049 |archive-date=June 22, 2021}} Sin taxes on tobacco, vapor products, alcohol, and electronic cigarettes were raised to fund the Universal Health Care Act, and reduce incidents of smoking-related and alcohol-related diseases.{{#invoke:Cite|news |date=July 25, 2019 |title=Duterte signs bill on higher tobacco sin taxes |work=CNN Philippines |url=https://www.cnnphilippines.com/news/2019/7/25/higher-tobacco-sin-taxes-rodrigo-duterte.html | url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210411183424/https://www.cnnphilippines.com/news/2019/7/25/higher-tobacco-sin-taxes-rodrigo-duterte.html |archive-date=April 11, 2021}}{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Gita-Carlos |first=Ruth Abbey |date=January 23, 2020 |title=Duterte signs law imposing higher taxes on alcohol, e-cigarettes |language=en |work=Philippine News Agency |url=https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1091709 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200124211257/https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1091709 |archive-date=January 24, 2020}} A tax amnesty Duterte signed into law in February 2019 granted errant taxpayers a one-time opportunity to affordably settle their tax liabilities while raising government revenue for infrastructure and social projects.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Aning |first=Jerome |date=July 1, 2021 |title=Duterte signs law extending estate tax amnesty |language=en |newspaper=Philippine Daily Inquirer |url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1453809/duterte-signs-law-extending-estate-tax-amnesty |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210630220715/https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1453809/duterte-signs-law-extending-estate-tax-amnesty |archive-date=June 30, 2021}}

Duterte signed a law imposing a 5% tax on gross gaming revenues of offshore gaming operators.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Atienza |first=Kyle Aristophere T. |date=September 23, 2021 |title=Duterte signs bill taxing offshore gaming operators |work=BusinessWorld |url=https://www.bworldonline.com/duterte-signs-bill-taxing-offshore-gaming-operators/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210923183848/https://www.bworldonline.com/duterte-signs-bill-taxing-offshore-gaming-operators/ |archive-date=September 23, 2021}} In March 2019, he signed a law excluding small-scale miners from paying income and excise taxes on gold they sell to the central bank.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Lopez |first=Virgil |date=May 21, 2019 |title=Duterte signs law exempting small-scale miners from tax when they sell gold to BSP |language=en |work=GMA News Online |url=https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/money/economy/695214/duterte-signs-law-exempting-small-scale-miners-from-tax-when-they-sell-gold-to-bsp/story/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220327093918/https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/money/economy/695214/duterte-signs-law-exempting-small-scale-miners-from-tax-when-they-sell-gold-to-bsp/story/ |archive-date=March 27, 2022}}

==Trade==

On September 2, 2021, Duterte ratified the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) Agreement, an ASEAN-led free trade agreement involving 10 ASEAN members and Australia, China, Japan, Korea, and New Zealand; the agreement was sent to the Senate but the Senate's May 2022 election break delayed ratification.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last1=Tan |first1=Alyssa Nicole O. |last2=Ochave |first2=Revin Mikhael D. |date=February 3, 2022 |title=Senators delay decision on RCEP |work=BusinessWorld |url=https://www.bworldonline.com/senators-delay-decision-on-rcep/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220203165435/https://www.bworldonline.com/senators-delay-decision-on-rcep/ |archive-date=February 3, 2022}} In June 2022, the Senate deferred the agreement's ratification to the incoming 19th Congress after some senators raised concerns over the lack of safeguards for the country's agricultural sector, and to provide an opportunity for president-elect Bongbong Marcos to review the agreement.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Tan |first=Alyssa Nicole O. |date=June 1, 2022 |title=PHL Senate fails to ratify RCEP |work=BusinessWorld |url=https://www.bworldonline.com/top-stories/2022/06/02/452400/phl-senate-fails-to-ratify-rcep/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220602175647/https://www.bworldonline.com/top-stories/2022/06/02/452400/phl-senate-fails-to-ratify-rcep/ |archive-date=June 2, 2022}}

=Education=

File:President Rodrigo Roa Duterte signs into law the establishment of the National Academy of Sports 01.jpg on June 9, 2020.]]

Duterte continued the 9-year K–12 implementation process initiated on May 20, 2008, during Gloria Macapagal Arroyo's presidency and continued under Arroyo's successor and Duterte's predecessor Benigno Aquino III. The process ended on June 5, 2017, during which K–12 was implemented on Grade 6; this entirely phased out the K–10 system used since May 28, 1945.

Stressing that the long-term benefits of education would outweigh any budgetary problems, in August 2017, Duterte signed a landmark law granting free tuition at all state universities and colleges (SUCs).{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Corrales |first=Nestor |date=August 4, 2017 |title=Duterte signs into law bill granting free tuition in SUCs |language=en |newspaper=Philippine Daily Inquirer |url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/920306/breaking-duterte-signs-law-granting-free-tuition-in-sucs |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170804035732/https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/920306/breaking-duterte-signs-law-granting-free-tuition-in-sucs |archive-date=August 4, 2017}}{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Placido |first=Dharel |date=August 4, 2017 |title=Who can avail of free college tuition under new law? |work=ABS-CBN News |url=http://news.abs-cbn.com/focus/08/04/17/who-can-avail-of-free-college-tuition-under-new-law |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170804184413/http://news.abs-cbn.com/focus/08/04/17/who-can-avail-of-free-college-tuition-under-new-law |archive-date=August 4, 2017}} He enacted laws which institutionalized the alternative learning system (ALS);{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Cervantes |first=Filane Mikee |date=January 5, 2021 |title=Alternative learning system law 'a win for marginalized learners' |language=en |work=Philippine News Agency |url=https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1126452 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210105113033/https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1126452 |archive-date=January 5, 2021}}{{#invoke:Cite|news |date=January 5, 2021 |title=Duterte OKs Alternative Learning System Act |work=ABS-CBN News |url=https://news.abs-cbn.com/news/01/05/21/duterte-oks-alternative-learning-system-act |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210122191137/https://news.abs-cbn.com/news/01/05/21/duterte-oks-alternative-learning-system-act |archive-date=January 22, 2021}} mandated free access to technical-vocational education;{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Roque |first=EJ |date=March 14, 2019 |title=PRRD signs law on free access to tech-voc education |language=en |work=Philippine News Agency |url=https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1064530 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190317185154/https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1064530 |archive-date=March 17, 2019}} granted inclusive education for disabled learners;{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Gita-Carlos |first=Ruth Abbey |date=March 15, 2022 |title=PRRD OKs inclusive education for learners with disabilities |work=Philippine News Agency |url=https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1169807 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220315122508/https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1169807 |archive-date=March 15, 2022}} accorded medical scholarships for deserving students in higher education;{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Parrocha |first=Azer |date=January 5, 2021 |title=Duterte signs Doktor Para sa Bayan Act |language=en |work=Philippine News Agency |url=https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1126403 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210105083230/https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1126403 |archive-date=January 5, 2021}} established a scholarship program for students on teacher-degree programs;{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Geducos |first=Argyll Cyrus |date=April 29, 2022 |title=Duterte signs Excellence in Teacher Education Act |work=Manila Bulletin |url=https://mb.com.ph/2022/04/29/duterte-signs-excellence-in-teacher-education-act/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220429071005/https://mb.com.ph/2022/04/29/duterte-signs-excellence-in-teacher-education-act/ |archive-date=April 29, 2022}}{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Flores |first=Helen |date=May 1, 2022 |title=Duterte signs law on improving quality of teacher education |work=The Philippine Star |url=https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2022/05/01/2177914/duterte-signs-law-improving-quality-teacher-education |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220503214629/https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2022/05/01/2177914/duterte-signs-law-improving-quality-teacher-education |archive-date=May 3, 2022}} instituted a career-guidance and counselling program for all secondary schools;{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Galvez |first=Daphne |date=February 19, 2019 |title=Duterte signs law on career guidance, counseling for high school |language=en |newspaper=Philippine Daily Inquirer |url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1087647/duterte-signs-law-on-career-guidance-counseling-for-high-school |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190219152649/https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1087647/duterte-signs-law-on-career-guidance-counseling-for-high-school |archive-date=February 19, 2019}} and created the country's National Academy of Sports in New Clark City.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Rola |first=Alyssa |date=June 10, 2020 |title=Duterte signs law establishing National Academy of Sports |work=CNN Philippines |url=https://www.cnnphilippines.com/sports/2020/6/10/Duterte-signs-National-Academy-of-Sports-Act.html | url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201109224229/https://www.cnnphilippines.com/sports/2020/6/10/Duterte-signs-National-Academy-of-Sports-Act.html |archive-date=November 9, 2020}} In education curriculum, significant laws he signed included restoring Good Manners and Right Conduct (GMRC) and Values Education in the K-12 basic education;{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Gita-Carlos |first=Ruth Abbey |date=June 25, 2020 |title=Duterte signs law restoring GMRC, values education subjects |language=en |work=Philippine News Agency |url=https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1107080 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200626165312/https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1107080 |archive-date=June 26, 2020}} establishing transnational higher education that allows foreign universities to offer degree programs in the Philippines;{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Parrocha |first=Azer |date=September 25, 2019 |title=Duterte signs Transnational Higher Education Act into law |language=en |work=Philippine News Agency |url=https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1081474 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220228120410/https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1081474 |archive-date=February 28, 2022}}{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Balinbin |first=Arjay L. |date=September 25, 2019 |title=Duterte signs law allowing foreign universities to offer degree programs in Philippines |work=BusinessWorld |publisher=BusinessWorld Publishing |url=https://www.bworldonline.com/duterte-signs-law-allowing-foreign-universities-to-offer-degree-programs-in-philippines/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190926231840/https://www.bworldonline.com/duterte-signs-law-allowing-foreign-universities-to-offer-degree-programs-in-philippines/ |archive-date=September 26, 2019}} integrating labor education in the higher-education curriculum;{{#invoke:Cite|news |date=May 31, 2021 |title=Duterte signs law integrating labor education in higher education curriculum |work=CNN Philippines |url=https://www.cnnphilippines.com/news/2021/5/31/Duterte-signs-law-labor-education-higher-education-curriculum-.html | url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210531124119/https://cnnphilippines.com/news/2021/5/31/Duterte-signs-law-labor-education-higher-education-curriculum-.html |archive-date=May 31, 2021}} requiring the creation of curricula concerning energy-efficient, sustainable technologies;{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Parrocha |first=Azer |date=August 28, 2019 |title=PRRD signs law on advanced energy, green building tech curriculum |language=en |work=Philippine News Agency |url=https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1078951 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220405095828/https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1078951 |archive-date=April 5, 2022}} and declaring Filipino Sign Language as the national sign language and including it as a subject in the curriculum for deaf students.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Parrocha |first=Azer |date=November 12, 2018 |title=PRRD inks Filipino Sign Language Act into law |language=en |work=Philippine News Agency |url=https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1053689 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181112151119/https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1053689 |archive-date=November 12, 2018}}

At the peak of the COVID-19 pandemic in mid-2020, Duterte rejected the resumption of face-to-face classes in COVID-19 low-risk areas until vaccines became available in the country,{{#invoke:Cite|news |date=May 26, 2020 |title=Duterte opposes opening of classes without vaccine vs. COVID-19 |work=CNN Philippines |url=https://www.cnnphilippines.com/news/2020/5/26/Duterte-not-in-favor-of-school-opening-amid-COVID-19-pandemic.html | url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200603201851/https://www.cnnphilippines.com/news/2020/5/26/Duterte-not-in-favor-of-school-opening-amid-COVID-19-pandemic.html |archive-date=June 3, 2020}} saying he would not risk endangering students and teachers.{{#invoke:Cite|news |date=July 27, 2020 |title=Duterte changes mind on face-to face classes, only to happen when vaccine becomes available |work=CNN Philippines |url=https://www.cnnphilippines.com/news/2020/7/27/SONA-2020-face-to-face-classes-.html | url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200728190748/https://www.cnnphilippines.com/news/2020/7/27/SONA-2020-face-to-face-classes-.html |archive-date=July 28, 2020}} On October 5, 2020, the Department of Education (DepEd) reopened classes, implementing distance and blended learning.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Magsambol |first=Bonz |date=October 4, 2020 |title=Over 24 million Filipino students back to school during pandemic |work=Rappler |url=https://www.rappler.com/nation/filipino-students-back-to-school-during-coronavirus-pandemic-october-5-2020/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201010222949/https://www.rappler.com/nation/filipino-students-back-to-school-during-coronavirus-pandemic-october-5-2020/ |archive-date=October 10, 2020}}{{#invoke:Cite|news |last1=See |first1=Aie Balagtas |last2=Rinoza |first2=Jojo |date=October 8, 2020 |title=Philippines: Classes Resume Virtually for Millions of Children |language=en |work=BenarNews |url=https://www.benarnews.org/english/news/philippine/school-open-10052020151149.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201008191704/https://www.benarnews.org/english/news/philippine/school-open-10052020151149.html |archive-date=October 8, 2020}} Prompted by the detrimental effects of distance learning on students' mental health, in September 2021, Duterte approved a two-month pilot test of limited, face-to-face classes in COVID-19 low-risk areas;{{#invoke:Cite|news |last1=Yap |first1=DJ |last2=Bautista |first2=Jane |last3=Salaverria |first3=Leila B. |date=September 21, 2021 |title=Duterte OKs limited in-person classes for 2-month testing in more than 100 schools |language=en |newspaper=Philippine Daily Inquirer |url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1490525/duterte-okays-restart-of-limited-in-person-classes |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210921023702/https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1490525/duterte-okays-restart-of-limited-in-person-classes |archive-date=September 21, 2021}} in January 2022, he approved the DepEd's suggestion to expand face-to-face classes.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Romero |first=Alexis |date=January 18, 2022 |title=Duterte approves DepEd's proposal on expanded face-to-face classes |work=The Philippine Star |url=https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2022/01/18/2154780/duterte-approves-depeds-proposal-expanded-face-face-classes |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220118121743/https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2022/01/18/2154780/duterte-approves-depeds-proposal-expanded-face-face-classes |archive-date=January 18, 2022}}

By the end of Duterte's term, 1.97 million students in 220 higher education institutions were granted free tuition from the academic years (AYs) 2018-2019 up until AY 2021–2022, while 364,168 grantees used tertiary-education subsidies and benefits from the administration's Tulong Dunong Program in the same period.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Yang |first=Angelica Y. |date=May 31, 2022 |title=CHED: Over 2M students benefitted from free tertiary education law |work=The Philippine Star |url=https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2022/05/31/2185073/ched-over-2m-students-benefitted-free-tertiary-education-law |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220531104430/https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2022/05/31/2185073/ched-over-2m-students-benefitted-free-tertiary-education-law |archive-date=May 31, 2022}}

=Energy=

File:President Rodrigo R. Duterte leads the ocular inspection of the Filinvest Development Corporation Misamis 3x135 MW Circulating Fluid Bed Coal Thermal Plant.jpg on September 22, 2016.]]

Early in Duterte's presidency, his administration adopted a "technology neutral" policy in energy{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Lim |first=Yvonne |date=July 12, 2017 |title=The Philippines is aiming for an energy boom with Duterte's latest reform |language=en |work=CNBC |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2017/07/12/the-philippines-is-aiming-for-an-energy-boom-with-dutertes-latest-reform.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170712073720/https://www.cnbc.com/2017/07/12/the-philippines-is-aiming-for-an-energy-boom-with-dutertes-latest-reform.html |archive-date=July 12, 2017}} and refused to end the use of coal{{#invoke:Cite|news |last1=Dela Cruz |first1=Enrico |last2=Elona |first2=Julian |date=July 4, 2016 |title=New Philippine Energy Minister Says Can't Afford to Ditch Coal |work=Jakarta Globe |url=https://jakartaglobe.id/business/new-philippine-energy-minister-says-cant-afford-ditch-coal/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201020202354/https://jakartaglobe.id/business/new-philippine-energy-minister-says-cant-afford-ditch-coal/ |archive-date=October 20, 2020}} because the Philippines' carbon footprint was not significant compared to those of more-developed Western nations.{{#invoke:Cite|news |date=December 9, 2016 |title=Duterte: Green energy is good but we need coal |language=English |work=SunStar |url=https://www.sunstar.com.ph/article/114723/duterte-green-energy-is-good-but-we-need-coal- |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220304091550/https://www.sunstar.com.ph/article/114723/duterte-green-energy-is-good-but-we-need-coal- |archive-date=March 4, 2022}} After Duterte in July 2019 issued a directive to cut coal dependence and fast-track a transition to renewable energy,{{#invoke:Cite|news |last1=dela Cruz |first1=Enrico |last2=Warrier |first2=Gopakumar |date=July 25, 2019 |title=Philippines readies new renewable energy policies to curb coal dependence |language=en |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-philippines-renewables-coal-idUSKCN1UK1CN |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190725131802/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-philippines-renewables-coal-idUSKCN1UK1CN |archive-date=July 25, 2019}}{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Philippine EnviroNews |date=July 29, 2019 |title=Duterte signals need for Philippines to cut coal dependence and fast-track renewables |language=en |work=Eco-Business |url=https://www.eco-business.com/news/duterte-signals-need-for-philippines-to-cut-coal-dependence-and-fast-track-renewables/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190731045259/https://www.eco-business.com/news/duterte-signals-need-for-philippines-to-cut-coal-dependence-and-fast-track-renewables/ |archive-date=July 31, 2019}}{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Crismundo |first=Kris |date=July 21, 2021 |title=DOE pushes shift to renewables during Duterte's term |language=en |work=Philippine News Agency |url=https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1147896 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210722091244/https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1147896 |archive-date=July 22, 2021}} in October 2020, the administration ended its energy neutrality policy and issued a moratorium on the construction of new coal-fired power plants.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Magtulis |first=Prinz |date=October 27, 2020 |title=Government ends energy neutrality, favors renewables ahead of boom |work=The Philippine Star |url=https://www.philstar.com/business/2020/10/27/2052681/government-ends-energy-neutrality-favors-renewables-ahead-boom |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201031055018/https://www.philstar.com/business/2020/10/27/2052681/government-ends-energy-neutrality-favors-renewables-ahead-boom |archive-date=October 31, 2020}}

To improve the electrification and power-generating capacity of the country, Duterte signed a law promoting the use of microgrid systems{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Atienza |first=K.A.T. |date=January 24, 2022 |title=Duterte signs law to accelerate Philippines' total electrification |work=BusinessWorld |url=https://www.bworldonline.com/duterte-signs-law-to-accelerate-philippines-total-electrification/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220124182031/https://www.bworldonline.com/duterte-signs-law-to-accelerate-philippines-total-electrification/ |archive-date=January 24, 2022}} in unserved and under-served areas, and established the inter-agency Energy Investment Coordinating Council, which was tasked with simplifying the approval process of major projects. The administration pursued the liberalization of the energy sector;{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Petty |first=Martin |date=November 23, 2016 |title=Philippines president vows to free economy 'from clutches' of oligarchs |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-philippines-duterte-idUSKBN13I241 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161123184136/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-philippines-duterte-idUSKBN13I241 |archive-date=November 23, 2016 |quote=The outspoken, populist leader said it was high time to change regulations and liberalize sectors like energy, power and telecoms to make the country more competitive, and give Filipinos better services and a share of the wealth.}} in October 2020, the Philippines started allowing 100% foreign ownership in large-scale geothermal projects.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Cordero |first=Ted |date=November 1, 2020 |title=Philippines allows 100% foreign ownership in large-scale geothermal projects —Cusi |language=en |work=GMA News Online |url=https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/money/companies/761648/philippines-allows-100-foreign-ownership-in-large-scale-geothermal-projects-cusi/story/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201101103201/https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/money/companies/761648/philippines-allows-100-foreign-ownership-in-large-scale-geothermal-projects-cusi/story/ |archive-date=November 1, 2020}}{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Cordero |first=Ted |date=October 31, 2020 |title=Right to develop Philippines' geothermal resources to be given thru open, competitive process—DOE |language=en |work=GMA News Online |url=https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/money/content/762186/right-to-develop-philippines-geothermal-resources-to-be-given-thru-open-competitive-process-doe/story/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201101130238/https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/money/content/762186/right-to-develop-philippines-geothermal-resources-to-be-given-thru-open-competitive-process-doe/story/ |archive-date=November 1, 2020}}

The administration sought new energy sources and partnered with foreign companies to study the use of hydrogen as an energy source.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Yang |first=Angelica Y. |date=January 29, 2021 |title=DoE taps Australian firm to explore Philippines' hydrogen potential |work=BusinessWorld |url=https://www.bworldonline.com/doe-taps-australian-firm-to-explore-philippines-hydrogen-potential/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210129102450/https://www.bworldonline.com/doe-taps-australian-firm-to-explore-philippines-hydrogen-potential/ |archive-date=January 29, 2021}}{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Crismundo |first=Kris |date=April 8, 2021 |title=DOE, Japanese firm to study hydrogen as future energy source |language=en |work=Philippine News Agency |url=https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1136197 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210408130103/https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1136197 |archive-date=April 8, 2021}} In October 2020, with the impending depletion of the Malampaya gas field, Duterte approved the Department of Energy's (DOE) recommendation to lift the moratorium on oil-and-gas exploration in the South China Sea imposed by President Benigno Aquino III in 2012.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Santos |first=Eimor |date=October 15, 2020 |title=Duterte lifts suspension of oil exploration in West PH Sea |work=CNN Philippines |url=https://www.cnnphilippines.com/news/2020/10/15/duterte-lifts-moratorium-petroleum-exploration.html | url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201018143540/https://www.cnnphilippines.com/news/2020/10/15/duterte-lifts-moratorium-petroleum-exploration.html |archive-date=October 18, 2020}} In February 2022, Duterte signed an executive order approving the inclusion of nuclear power in the country's energy mix.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Crismundo |first=Kris |date=March 3, 2022 |title=Duterte approves inclusion of nuclear power in PH energy mix |language=en |work=Philippine News Agency |url=https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1168931 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220304105921/https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1168931 |archive-date=March 4, 2022}}{{#invoke:Cite|news |date=March 3, 2022 |title=Duterte signs EO outlining national policy on nuclear energy |work=CNN Philippines |url=https://www.cnnphilippines.com/business/2022/3/3/Duterte-EO-164-nuclear-energy-program.html | url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220304110337/https://www.cnnphilippines.com/business/2022/3/3/Duterte-EO-164-nuclear-energy-program.html |archive-date=March 4, 2022}}

In September 2021, the DOE reported the country's energy capacity increased from 21,424 megawatts in 2016 to 26,287 megawatts in 2020, and household-electrification level rose from 90.7% in 2016 to 94.5% in 2020.{{#invoke:Cite|news |date=September 6, 2021 |title='Compliance by industry players will result in lower power bills, no brownouts' |work=Daily Guardian |url=https://dailyguardian.com.ph/compliance-by-industry-players-will-result-in-lower-power-bills-no-brownouts/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220304105303/https://dailyguardian.com.ph/compliance-by-industry-players-will-result-in-lower-power-bills-no-brownouts/ |archive-date=March 4, 2022}}

=Environment=

Duterte signed the Paris Agreement on Climate Change in March 2017.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Salaverria |first=Leila B. |date=March 2, 2017 |title=Duterte finally signs Paris Agreement on climate change |language=en |newspaper=Philippine Daily Inquirer |url=https://globalnation.inquirer.net/153030/duterte-finallly-signs-paris-agrement-climate-change |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170301184506/https://globalnation.inquirer.net/153030/duterte-finallly-signs-paris-agrement-climate-change |archive-date=March 1, 2017}}{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Quismundo |first=Tarra |date=March 15, 2017 |title=Senate votes to ratify Paris climate pact |language=en |newspaper=Philippine Daily Inquirer |url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/880813/senate-votes-to-ratify-paris-climate-pact |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170322173237/https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/880813/senate-votes-to-ratify-paris-climate-pact |archive-date=March 22, 2017}} He declared parts of the Philippine Rise as a marine protected area,{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Corrales |first=Nestor |date=May 15, 2018 |title=Duterte declares Philippine Rise as marine protected area |language=en |newspaper=Philippine Daily Inquirer |url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/990921/philippine-rise-marine-protected-area-duterte-presidential-proclamation |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180515182250/https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/990921/philippine-rise-marine-protected-area-duterte-presidential-proclamation |archive-date=May 15, 2018}} and significantly increased the number of protected areas in the country by signing the E-NIPAS Act of 2018.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Aurelio |first=Julie M. |date=July 7, 2018 |title=Expanded Nipas law creates 94 more nat'l parks across PH |language=en |newspaper=Philippine Daily Inquirer |url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1007859/expanded-nipas-law-creates-94-more-natl-parks-across-ph |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181021052354/https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1007859/expanded-nipas-law-creates-94-more-natl-parks-across-ph |archive-date=October 21, 2018}} Duterte in April to May 2019 escalated a waste dispute with Canada, which led Canada to repatriate tons of refuse it sent to the Philippines in 2013 and 2014.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last1=Bautista |first1=Ronn |last2=Morales |first2=Neil Jerome |last3=Petty |first3=Martin |last4=Schuettler |first4=Darren |date=May 31, 2019 |title=Philippines sends trash back to Canada after Duterte escalates row |language=en |work=Reuters |location=Subic, Philippines |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-philippines-canada-waste-idUSKCN1T10BQ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190531063948/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-philippines-canada-waste-idUSKCN1T10BQ |archive-date=May 31, 2019}}{{#invoke:Cite|news |date=May 31, 2019 |title=Philippines sends tonnes of rubbish back to Canada |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-48455440 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190531164952/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-48455440 |archive-date=May 31, 2019}} Under Duterte's presidency, the Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR) completed the closure of all 335 open dumpsites in the country{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Quismorio |first=Ellson |date=May 23, 2021 |title=Cimatu savors victory vs. open dumpsites |work=Manila Bulletin |url=https://mb.com.ph/2021/05/23/cimatu-savors-victory-vs-open-dumpsites/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210523082151/https://mb.com.ph/2021/05/23/cimatu-savors-victory-vs-open-dumpsites/ |archive-date=May 23, 2021}} and subsequently required local authorities to convert the dumpsites into sanitary landfills.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Añago |first=Bianca Angelica D. |date=October 31, 2021 |title=DENR says rehabilitation of closed dumpsites now in the hands of local governments |work=BusinessWorld |url=https://www.bworldonline.com/the-nation/2021/10/31/407441/denr-says-rehabilitation-of-closed-dumpsites-now-in-the-hands-of-local-governments/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220705224212/https://www.bworldonline.com/the-nation/2021/10/31/407441/denr-says-rehabilitation-of-closed-dumpsites-now-in-the-hands-of-local-governments/ |archive-date=July 5, 2022}}

Duterte in May 2017 appointed former military chief Roy Cimatu as the DENR secretary to replace his first appointee, environmental activist Gina Lopez,{{#invoke:Cite|news |last1=Dizon |first1=Nikko |last2=Canivel |first2=Roy Stephen C. |last3=Gamil |first3=Jaymee T. |last4=Aurelio |first4=Julie M. |last5=Avendaño |first5=Christine O. |date=May 9, 2017 |title=Cimatu appointed DENR secretary |language=en |newspaper=Philippine Daily Inquirer |url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/895312/cimatu-appointed-denr-secretary |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170511222118/https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/895312/cimatu-appointed-denr-secretary |archive-date=May 11, 2017}} after the Commission on Appointments rejected Lopez's reappointment;{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Santos |first=Eimor P. |date=May 3, 2017 |title=CA rejects Gina Lopez appointment as DENR chief |work=CNN Philippines |url=https://www.cnnphilippines.com/news/2017/05/03/CA-rejects-gina-lopez-denr-secretary.html | url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170505045840/https://www.cnnphilippines.com/news/2017/05/03/CA-rejects-gina-lopez-denr-secretary.html |archive-date=May 5, 2017}}{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Ager |first=Maila |date=May 3, 2017 |title=CA panel rejects Gina Lopez' appointment |language=en |newspaper=Philippine Daily Inquirer |url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/893919/ca-panel-rejects-gina-lopez-appointment |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170503084837/https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/893919/ca-panel-rejects-gina-lopez-appointment |archive-date=May 3, 2017}} Lopez was criticized following her decision to close 23 mining operations in functional watersheds and suspend six others in February 2017.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Ramos |first=Marlon |date=November 28, 2016 |title=Duterte reappoints Gina Lopez as environment secretary |language=en |newspaper=Philippine Daily Inquirer |url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/848745/duterte-reappoints-gina-lopez-as-environment-secretary |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161130124531/https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/848745/duterte-reappoints-gina-lopez-as-environment-secretary |archive-date=November 30, 2016}}{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Geronimo |first=Jee Y. |date=February 2, 2017 |title=DENR announces closure of 23 mining operations |work=Rappler |url=https://www.rappler.com/nation/160270-denr-closes-mining-operations |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202080849/https://www.rappler.com/nation/160270-denr-closes-mining-operations |archive-date=February 2, 2017}} To boost the COVID-19 pandemic-afflicted economy, in April 2021, Duterte lifted the nine-year moratorium on new mining agreements imposed by the Aquino administration in 2012;{{#invoke:Cite|news |last1=Ocampo |first1=Karl R. |last2=Salaverria |first2=Leila B. |last3=Corrales |first3=Nestor |date=April 16, 2021 |title=Duterte lifts 9-year ban on new mining deals |language=en |newspaper=Philippine Daily Inquirer |url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1419780/duterte-lifts-9-year-ban-on-new-mining-deals |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210415220645/https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1419780/duterte-lifts-9-year-ban-on-new-mining-deals |archive-date=April 15, 2021}} Cimatu in December 2021 repealed the ban on open-pit mining on copper, gold, silver, and complex ores imposed by Lopez in 2017.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last1=Reyes |first1=Dempsey |last2=Lagare |first2=Jordeene B. |date=December 29, 2021 |title=DENR lifts 4-year ban on open-pit mining |language=en |newspaper=Philippine Daily Inquirer |url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1533260/denr-lifts-4-year-ban-on-open-pit-mining |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211228215349/https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1533260/denr-lifts-4-year-ban-on-open-pit-mining |archive-date=December 28, 2021}} Following Duterte's directive to investigate reports of illegal logging and mining,{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Parrocha |first=Azer |date=November 15, 2020 |title=PRRD orders Cimatu to probe illegal logging, mining in Region 2 |work=Philippine News Agency |url=http://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1121893 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201115092609/http://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1121893 |archive-date=November 15, 2020}} in January 2021, Department of the Interior and Local Government (DILG) secretary Eduardo Año ordered the Philippine National Police to begin a campaign against illegal logging.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Cabrera |first=Romina |date=January 22, 2021 |title=PNP ordered to run after illegal loggers |work=The Philippine Star |url=https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2021/01/22/2072189/pnp-ordered-run-after-illegal-loggers |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210128035339/https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2021/01/22/2072189/pnp-ordered-run-after-illegal-loggers |archive-date=January 28, 2021}} A few days before Duterte left office, his administration withdrew the Philippines from the Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative (EITI) on grounds that EITI's quality assurance assessment process was "subjective, biased and unfair".{{#invoke:Cite|news |date=June 22, 2022 |title=PH withdraws from global initiative on extractives transparency |work=Philippine News Agency |url=https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1177343 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220622132932/https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1177343 |archive-date=June 22, 2022}}

==Boracay and Manila Bay cleanup==

File:Boracay algal bloom April 2018.jpg in Boracay on April 25, 2018, a day prior to the island's closure]]

After incidences of pollution in Boracay island, the country's most popular tourism destination, peaked in January 2018,{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Esperas |first=Raoul |date=January 12, 2018 |title=100 Boracay establishments warned over pollution, coliform bacteria |work=ABS-CBN News |url=http://news.abs-cbn.com/news/01/12/18/100-boracay-establishments-warned-over-pollution-coliform-bacteria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180112055439/http://news.abs-cbn.com/news/01/12/18/100-boracay-establishments-warned-over-pollution-coliform-bacteria |archive-date=January 12, 2018}}{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Ilao |first=Micaella |date=February 14, 2018 |title=DENR orders closure of 51 Boracay establishments as cleanup begins |work=ABS-CBN News |url=http://news.abs-cbn.com/news/02/14/18/denr-orders-closure-of-51-boracay-establishments-as-cleanup-begins |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180214153906/http://news.abs-cbn.com/news/02/14/18/denr-orders-closure-of-51-boracay-establishments-as-cleanup-begins |archive-date=February 14, 2018}} Duterte in April that year ordered a six-month closure of the island to address the dumping of raw sewage in its waters.{{Cite magazine |last=Meixler |first=Eli |date=April 4, 2018 |title=Popular Philippines Island Shuts Down for Sewage Cleanup |url=https://time.com/5228802/philippines-duterte-close-boracay-6-months/ |magazine=Time |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180405070110/https://time.com/5228802/philippines-duterte-close-boracay-6-months/ |archive-date=April 5, 2018 |access-date=August 8, 2022}} The closure began on April 26.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last1=Katrina Domingo |last2=Fernando G. Sepe Jr. |date=April 26, 2018 |title='Closing Time' in Boracay as 6-month shutdown begins |work=ABS-CBN News |url=http://news.abs-cbn.com/business/04/26/18/closing-time-in-boracay-as-6-month-shutdown-begins |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180426052846/http://news.abs-cbn.com/business/04/26/18/closing-time-in-boracay-as-6-month-shutdown-begins |archive-date=April 26, 2018}} Duterte created the Boracay Inter-Agency Task Force (BIATF) to administer the cleanup{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Musico |first=Jelly |date=May 10, 2018 |title=Duterte creates Boracay inter-agency task force |work=Philippine News Agency |url=https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1034910 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220220121506/https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1034910 |archive-date=February 20, 2022}} and later issued an executive order extending the BIATF's term until the end of his presidency to ensure the completion of the cleanup plan.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Gita-Carlos |first=Ruth Abbey |date=September 14, 2021 |title=Boracay task force's term extended until June 2022 |work=Philippine News Agency |url=https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1153540 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210914231613/https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1153540 |archive-date=September 14, 2021}} The Duterte administration set a limit of 6,000 visitors per day, based on the island's capacity, following Boracay's reopening to the public on October 26, 2018.{{#invoke:Cite|news |date=October 26, 2018 |title=Boracay reopens after six-month extensive clean-up |language=en |work=CNN Philippines |url=https://cnnphilippines.com/news/2018/10/26/boracay-reopens-after-cleanup-denr-aklan.html | url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181029114806/https://cnnphilippines.com/news/2018/10/26/boracay-reopens-after-cleanup-denr-aklan.html |archive-date=October 29, 2018}}

File:Manila Bay beach front (Roxas Boulevard, Manila; 09-19-2020) wiki.jpg during its temporary opening on September 19, 2020]]

Following the Boracay cleanup, in early 2019, Duterte directed DENR and DILG secretaries Cimatu and Año to initiate the cleanup of Manila Bay,{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Teves |first=Catherine |date=July 22, 2019 |title=Environmental protection remains Duterte admin's top priority |language=en |work=Philippine News Agency |url=https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1075501 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200724232400/https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1075501 |archive-date=July 24, 2020}}{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Cabico |first=Gaea Katreena |date=February 21, 2019 |title=Duterte creates task force to hasten Manila Bay clean-up |work=The Philippine Star |url=https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2019/02/21/1895572/duterte-creates-task-force-hasten-manila-bay-clean-up |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190221120102/https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2019/02/21/1895572/duterte-creates-task-force-hasten-manila-bay-clean-up |archive-date=February 21, 2019}} threatening to shut down hotels along the bay if they did not install water treatment systems.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Corrales |first=Nestor |date=January 8, 2019 |title=Duterte orders Manila Bay cleanup, crackdown on errant hotels |language=en |newspaper=Philippine Daily Inquirer |url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1070711/govt-to-start-manila-bay-cleanup-warns-closure-of-hotels-violating-environment-laws |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190108153119/https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1070711/govt-to-start-manila-bay-cleanup-warns-closure-of-hotels-violating-environment-laws |archive-date=January 8, 2019}} Shortly after the cleanup started on January 27,{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Teves |first=Catherine |date=January 30, 2019 |title=Baywalk shore faces temporary closure for rehab |language=en |work=Philippine News Agency |url=https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1060448 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190208094209/https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1060448 |archive-date=February 8, 2019}}{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Orellana |first=Faye |date=January 27, 2019 |title=MMDA hauls 45 tons of garbage in Manila Bay cleanup |language=en |newspaper=Philippine Daily Inquirer |url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1078162/mmda-hauls-45-tons-of-garbage-in-manila-bay-cleanup |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190127153634/https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1078162/mmda-hauls-45-tons-of-garbage-in-manila-bay-cleanup |archive-date=January 27, 2019}} Duterte created the Manila Bay Task Force to hasten the cleanup task. As part of the bay's rehabilitation, in September 2020, the DENR began overlaying crushed dolomite rock on a portion of Manila Bay to create an artificial beach;{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Bagaoisan |first=Anjo |date=September 21, 2020 |title='What do you want us to do?': Duterte defends Manila Bay crushed dolomite project |work=ABS-CBN News |url=https://news.abs-cbn.com/news/09/21/20/what-do-you-want-us-to-do-duterte-defends-manila-bay-crushed-dolomite-project |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200922054021/https://news.abs-cbn.com/news/09/21/20/what-do-you-want-us-to-do-duterte-defends-manila-bay-crushed-dolomite-project |archive-date=September 22, 2020}} the move drew criticism from environmental advocates{{#invoke:Cite|news |last1=Morales |first1=Neil Jerome |last2=Russell |first2=Ros |date=September 19, 2020 |title=Polluted stretch of Manila Bay gets fake white sand makeover |language=en |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-philippines-environment-manila-bay-idUSKCN26A0L2 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201004050339/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-philippines-environment-manila-bay-idUSKCN26A0L2 |archive-date=October 4, 2020}} and the opposition but support from the general public.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Marcelo |first=Elizabeth |date=October 18, 2021 |title=DENR 'overwhelmed' by public reception of Dolomite Beach |work=The Philippine Star |url=https://www.philstar.com/nation/2021/10/18/2134876/denr-overwhelmed-public-reception-dolomite-beach |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211017173253/https://www.philstar.com/nation/2021/10/18/2134876/denr-overwhelmed-public-reception-dolomite-beach |archive-date=October 17, 2021}} Coliform levels in several parts of the bay significantly declined since the cleanup.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Jocson |first=Luisa Maria Jacinta C. |date=January 5, 2022 |title=Manila Bay water quality improves — DENR |work=BusinessWorld |url=https://www.bworldonline.com/the-nation/2022/01/05/421881/manila-bay-water-quality-improves-denr/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220420115500/https://www.bworldonline.com/the-nation/2022/01/05/421881/manila-bay-water-quality-improves-denr/ |archive-date=April 20, 2022}}

Amid imminent land reclamation projects in Manila Bay in February 2019, Duterte signed an executive order transferring the power to approve reclamation projects from the National Economic and Development Authority to the Philippine Reclamation Authority, which he placed under the Office of the President.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Viray |first=Patricia Lourdes |date=February 4, 2019 |title=Duterte places reclamation body under Office of the President |work=The Philippine Star |url=https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2019/02/04/1890772/duterte-places-reclamation-body-under-office-president |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201111190600/https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2019/02/04/1890772/duterte-places-reclamation-body-under-office-president |archive-date=November 11, 2020}} Favoring government-related reclamation projects in the bay, he rejected private-sector proposals, citing the damage they would cause to the city.{{#invoke:Cite|news |date=February 16, 2020 |title=Duterte rejects reclamation in Manila Bay |work=BusinessWorld |url=https://www.bworldonline.com/editors-picks/2020/02/17/278883/duterte-rejects-reclamation-in-manila-bay/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220517120217/https://www.bworldonline.com/editors-picks/2020/02/17/278883/duterte-rejects-reclamation-in-manila-bay/ |archive-date=May 17, 2022}} Toward the end of his presidency, he ordered the DENR to stop the processing of applications for all reclamation projects in the country, saying massive land-reclamation proposals are "nothing but a breeding ground for corruption".{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Gita-Carlos |first=Ruth Abbey |date=April 1, 2022 |title=PRRD orders DENR to shun applications for reclamation activities |language=en |work=Philippine News Agency |url=https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1171165 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220401012751/https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1171165 |archive-date=April 1, 2022}}

=Health=

File:President Rodrigo R. Duterte leads the ceremonial signing of the Revised Corporation Code and the Universal Health Care Act at the Malacañan Palace on February 20, 2019 (39537).jpg

After promising to improve the country's health care system, Duterte signed laws such as the Universal Health Care Act in February 2019, which facilitated the automatic enrollment of all Filipinos under the government's health insurance program.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Parrocha |first=Azer |date=February 20, 2019 |title=PRRD signs Universal Healthcare Care law |work=Philippine News Agency |url=https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1062520 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190222141957/https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1062520 |archive-date=February 22, 2019}}{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Kabagani |first=Lade Jean |date=May 31, 2022 |title=Duterte admin health care system 'people-centered': Duque |work=Philippine News Agency |url=https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1175586 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220601051157/https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1175586 |archive-date=June 1, 2022}} The Philippine Mental Health Law established a national policy to improve mental health services in the country and protect the rights of persons using psychiatric, neurologic, and psycho-social health services.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Musico |first=Jelly |date=June 21, 2018 |title=Duterte signs Mental Health Law |language=en |work=Philippine News Agency |url=https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1039023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180621124826/https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1039023 |archive-date=June 21, 2018}} HIV and AIDS health services were made more accessible through a law enacted in December 2018.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Ranada |first=Pia |date=January 9, 2019 |title=Duterte signs law strengthening HIV, AIDS health services |work=Rappler |url=https://www.rappler.com/nation/220612-duterte-signs-hiv-aids-policy-act-2018/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190109120936/https://www.rappler.com/nation/220612-duterte-signs-hiv-aids-policy-act-2018/ |archive-date=January 9, 2019}} A law signed in December 2019 institutionalized the Malasakit Center, a "one-stop shop" for health concerns, in all hospitals run by the DOH;{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Parrocha |first=Azer |date=December 3, 2019 |title=PRRD signs Malasakit Center law |language=en |work=Philippine News Agency |url=https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1087835 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191204125400/https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1087835 |archive-date=December 4, 2019}} a total of 151 centers have been established by May 2022. Smoking in public places was banned, and the use of firecrackers and pyrotechnics was regulated through executive orders issued by Duterte.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Salaverria |first=Leila B. |date=May 19, 2017 |title=Duterte signs EO banning smoking nationwide |language=en |newspaper=Philippine Daily Inquirer |url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/897714/duterte-signs-eo-banning-smoking-nationwide |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170518210756/https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/897714/duterte-signs-eo-banning-smoking-nationwide |archive-date=May 18, 2017}}{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Viray |first=Patricia Lourdes |date=June 21, 2017 |title=Duterte signs order regulating firecracker use |work=The Philippine Star |url=https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2017/06/21/1712226/duterte-signs-order-regulating-firecracker-use |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170621084954/https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2017/06/21/1712226/duterte-signs-order-regulating-firecracker-use |archive-date=June 21, 2017}}

File:President Rodrigo Duterte during the launching of the Malasakit Center at the Vicente Sotto Memorial Medical Center in Cebu City on Monday, February 12, 2018.jpg inaugurate the Malasakit Center at the VSMMC in Cebu City on February 12, 2018]]

Duterte signed a law establishing a national feeding program for undernourished children in all public schools.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Parrocha |first=Azer |date=July 3, 2018 |title=Duterte signs law on national feeding program |language=en |work=Philippine News Agency |url=https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1040302 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180708061006/https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1040302 |archive-date=July 8, 2018}} He expanded health and nutrition services for pregnant women and all infants during their first 1,000 days.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Raymundo |first=Perfecto Jr. |date=December 20, 2018 |title=First 1,000 Days Law to benefit kids' health, nutrition |language=en |work=Philippine News Agency |url=https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1057133 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181222234514/https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1057133 |archive-date=December 22, 2018}}{{#invoke:Cite|news |date=December 8, 2018 |title=Child rights advocates elated as 'First 1,000 Days' bill gets signed into law |language=en |work=UNICEF |url=https://www.unicef.org/philippines/press-releases/child-rights-advocates-elated-first-1000-days-bill-gets-signed-law |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220516100358/https://www.unicef.org/philippines/press-releases/child-rights-advocates-elated-first-1000-days-bill-gets-signed-law |archive-date=May 16, 2022}} An executive order signed by Duterte created an inter-agency task force to formulate a National Food Policy that included a plan to eliminate hunger.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Parrocha |first=Azer |date=January 16, 2020 |title=Duterte creates task force on 'zero hunger' |language=en |work=Philippine News Agency |url=https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1091024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200118081115/https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1091024 |archive-date=January 18, 2020}}

In 2017, Duterte launched a ₱1 billion medical program to provide free medicines, prostheses, assistive devices, radiology, and chemotherapy assistance to indigent citizens.{{#invoke:Cite|news |date=October 17, 2018 |title=DSWD's P1-B medical program guidelines tweaked to cover wider needs |language=en |work=Philippine News Agency |url=https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1051319 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181205111016/https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1051319 |archive-date=December 5, 2018}} It was funded under the Office of the President's socio-civic projects fund.{{#invoke:Cite|news |date=October 31, 2017 |title=Over 3T patients benefit DSWD's LinGap sa Masa |work=The Philippine Star |url=https://www.philstar.com/the-freeman/cebu-news/2017/10/31/1754536/over-3t-patients-benefit-dswds-lingap-sa-masa |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181001121925/https://www.philstar.com/the-freeman/cebu-news/2017/10/31/1754536/over-3t-patients-benefit-dswds-lingap-sa-masa |archive-date=October 1, 2018}} To make medicines more affordable, Duterte ordered a price cap for select medicines;{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Parrocha |first=Azer |date=February 17, 2020 |title=Duterte signs EO on medicine price cap |language=en |work=Philippine News Agency |url=https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1094070 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200218165004/https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1094070 |archive-date=February 18, 2020}} another executive order issued in December 2021 enforced stricter price regulation of drugs and medicines for the leading causes of death in the country.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Parrocha |first=Azer |date=December 8, 2021 |title=Duterte inks EO regulating drugs, medicines prices |language=en |work=Philippine News Agency |url=https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1162141 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211208042609/https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1162141 |archive-date=December 8, 2021}}

==COVID-19 pandemic==

{{Main|COVID-19 pandemic in the Philippines|Philippine government response to the COVID-19 pandemic}}

{{Further|COVID-19 community quarantines in the Philippines|COVID-19 vaccination in the Philippines}}

File:President Rodrigo Roa Duterte holds a meeting with members of the Inter-Agency Task Force on the Emerging Infectious Diseases (IATF-EID) at the Matina Enclaves in Davao City on June 4, 2020 05.jpg members at the Matina Enclaves in Davao City on June 4, 2020.]]

Following the first confirmed case of "novel coronavirus 2019" in the Philippines, on January 31, 2020, Duterte ordered a temporary ban on the entry of Chinese nationals from China's Hubei province,{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Esguerra |first=Darryl John |date=January 31, 2020 |title=Duterte orders travel ban from Hubei |language=en |newspaper=Philippine Daily Inquirer |url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1222176/duterte-imposes-travel-ban-on-travelers-from-hubei-other-ncov-hit-areas-in-china |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200131123932/https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1222176/duterte-imposes-travel-ban-on-travelers-from-hubei-other-ncov-hit-areas-in-china |archive-date=January 31, 2020}} and in February, he expanded the ban to the whole of China.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last1=Jalea |first1=Glee |last2=Gregorio |first2=Xave |date=February 2, 2020 |title=Duterte widens travel ban on mainland China, Hong Kong, Macau |work=CNN Philippines |url=https://www.cnnphilippines.com/news/2020/2/2/Duterte-travel-ban-mainland-China-Hong-Kong-Macau.html?fbclid | url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200215171347/https://www.cnnphilippines.com/news/2020/2/2/Duterte-travel-ban-mainland-China-Hong-Kong-Macau.html?fbclid |archive-date=February 15, 2020}} On March 8, he declared a State of Public Health Emergency throughout the country due to COVID-19;{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Parrocha |first=Azer |date=March 9, 2020 |title=State of public health emergency declared in PH |language=en |work=Philippine News Agency |url=https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1095955 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200309191044/https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1095955 |archive-date=March 9, 2020}} four days later, he ordered a lockdown in Metro Manila.{{#invoke:Cite|news |date=March 12, 2020 |title=Metro Manila to be placed on 'lockdown' due to COVID-19 |work=CNN Philippines |url=https://www.cnnphilippines.com/news/2020/3/12/COVID-19-Metro-Manila-restrictions-Philippines.html | url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200320185104/https://www.cnnphilippines.com/news/2020/3/12/COVID-19-Metro-Manila-restrictions-Philippines.html |archive-date=March 20, 2020}} On March 16, he declared a State of National Calamity for the next six months;{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Gita-Carlos |first=Ruth Abbey |date=March 17, 2020 |title=PH placed under state of calamity due to Covid-19 |language=en |work=Philippine News Agency |url=https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1096951 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200504170723/https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1096951 |archive-date=May 4, 2020}} a day later, he placed Luzon under Enhanced Community Quarantine, resulting in the temporary closure of borders and the suspension of work and public transport.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Parrocha |first=Azer |date=March 16, 2020 |title=Duterte places entire Luzon under 'enhanced community quarantine' |language=en |work=Philippine News Agency |url=https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1096801 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200403232233/https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1096801 |archive-date=April 3, 2020}} On March 24, Congress passed the Bayanihan to Heal as One Act (Bayanihan 1),{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Samonte |first=Eunice |date=March 24, 2020 |title=Congress passes 'Bayanihan to Heal as One Act' |work=PTVNews |url=https://ptvnews.ph/congress-passes-bayanihan-to-heal-as-one-act/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220410110352/https://ptvnews.ph/congress-passes-bayanihan-to-heal-as-one-act/ |archive-date=April 10, 2022}} which Duterte signed the following day; under the law, the President was granted the authority to realign the 2020 national budget to address the COVID-19 crisis and to temporarily direct the operations of private establishments such as private hospitals, hotels, and public transport.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Aguilar |first=Krissy |date=March 25, 2020 |title=LOOK: Bayanihan to Heal as One Act signed by Duterte |language=en |newspaper=Philippine Daily Inquirer |url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1248107/look-bayanihan-to-heal-as-one-act-signed-by-duterte |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200326161136/https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1248107/look-bayanihan-to-heal-as-one-act-signed-by-duterte |archive-date=March 26, 2020}}

The administration purchased and distributed medical equipment and supplies.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Aurelio |first=Julie M. |date=June 3, 2020 |title=Gov't spent P14 billion on protective gear, testing kits |language=en |newspaper=Philippine Daily Inquirer |url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1285296/govt-spent-p-14b-on-protective-gear-testing-kits |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200610234850/https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1285296/govt-spent-p-14b-on-protective-gear-testing-kits |archive-date=June 10, 2020}} On March 30, 2020, the DOH purchased one million items of personal protective equipment (PPE) worth {{Philippine peso}}1.8 billion for COVID-19 health workers, prompting the Senate to call for a probe on overpricing.{{#invoke:Cite|news |date=April 1, 2020 |title=Senators call for probe on alleged overpriced PPE for COVID-19 health workers |work=CNN Philippines |url=https://www.cnnphilippines.com/news/2020/4/1/Senators-question-probe-PPE-DOH-frontliners-COVID-19.html | url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200403174204/https://www.cnnphilippines.com/news/2020/4/1/Senators-question-probe-PPE-DOH-frontliners-COVID-19.html |archive-date=April 3, 2020}} On May 20, Duterte took full responsibility for the procurement of PPE, saying he ordered health secretary Francisco Duque III to expedite the procurement of PPE regardless of cost to prevent compromising of the health workers' safety.{{#invoke:Cite|news |date=May 26, 2020 |title=Duterte takes responsibility for PPE procurement |language=English |work=SunStar |url=https://www.sunstar.com.ph/article/1857782/manila/local-news/duterte-takes-responsibility-for-ppe-procurement |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220810130829/https://www.sunstar.com.ph/article/1857782/manila/local-news/duterte-takes-responsibility-for-ppe-procurement |archive-date=August 10, 2022 |access-date=April 9, 2022 |url-status=live }} The DTI also boosted local production of medical equipment through its Shared Service Facility Fabrication Laboratories project.{{#invoke:Cite|news |date=April 27, 2020 |title=TI FabLabs produce PPEs for healthcare workers, frontliners |language=English |work=SunStar |url=https://www.sunstar.com.ph/article/1854243/pampanga/business/ti-fablabs-produce-ppes-for-healthcare-workers-frontliners |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220409191209/https://www.sunstar.com.ph/article/1854243/pampanga/business/ti-fablabs-produce-ppes-for-healthcare-workers-frontliners |archive-date=April 9, 2022}}{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Crismundo |first=Kris |date=July 23, 2020 |title=PH raises output of PPE, ventilators |language=en |work=Philippine News Agency |url=https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1109916 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201007042805/https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1109916 |archive-date=October 7, 2020}}

Amid a Senate investigation that was headed by Senator Richard Gordon of a scandal involving the government's purchase of alleged overpriced medical supplies from Pharmally Pharmaceutical Corp., Duterte barred Cabinet members from attending the hearings, which he called an overlong impediment to the government's pandemic response efforts.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Parrocha |first=Azer |date=September 14, 2021 |title=Cabinet execs need clearance before attending Senate probes |language=en |work=Philippine News Agency |url=https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1153454 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210914205021/https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1153454 |archive-date=September 14, 2021}}{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Galvez |first=Daphne |date=October 5, 2021 |title=Duterte issues memo forbidding Cabinet execs from attending Pharmally probe |language=en |newspaper=Philippine Daily Inquirer |url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1496983/duterte-bars-cabinet-execs-from-attending-senates-pharmally-probe |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211004163428/https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1496983/duterte-bars-cabinet-execs-from-attending-senates-pharmally-probe |archive-date=October 4, 2021}} In February 2022, the Senate draft report on the investigation recommended filing charges against Pharmally and government officials involved in the transactions, including Duterte, on grounds he "betrayed public trust" when he appointed Michael Yang, who was linked to the scandal, as presidential advisor.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Ramos |first=Christia Marie |date=February 1, 2022 |title=Duterte 'betrayed the public trust'—Senate panel draft report |language=en |newspaper=Philippine Daily Inquirer |url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1548418/duterte-betrayed-public-trust |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220201132133/https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1548418/duterte-betrayed-public-trust |archive-date=February 1, 2022}} Duterte ignored the report, saying he would not waste Filipinos' time in reacting to the Senate panel's recommendation.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Romero |first=Alexis |date=February 9, 2022 |title=Duterte ignores Senate probe report on Pharmally |work=The Philippine Star |url=https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2022/02/09/2159524/duterte-ignores-senate-probe-report-pharmally |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220208164151/https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2022/02/09/2159524/duterte-ignores-senate-probe-report-pharmally |archive-date=February 8, 2022}} The seven-month-long investigation ended with the adjournment of the 18th Congress in June 2022; the report failed to reach the Senate plenary for deliberation after it was signed by nine senators out of the 11 required signatures. Senators Migz Zubiri and Sherwin Gatchalian refused to sign the report after it implicated Duterte in the scandal.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Yang |first=Angelica Y. |date=June 1, 2022 |title=Zubiri says he'll sign Pharmally probe report if allegations vs Duterte are removed |work=The Philippine Star |url=https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2022/06/01/2185311/zubiri-says-hell-sign-pharmally-probe-report-if-allegations-vs-duterte-are-removed |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220601093440/https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2022/06/01/2185311/zubiri-says-hell-sign-pharmally-probe-report-if-allegations-vs-duterte-are-removed |archive-date=June 1, 2022}}{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Magsambol |first=Bonz |date=June 6, 2022 |title=Senators refuse to sign Pharmally probe report due to inclusion of Duterte |work=Rappler |url=https://www.rappler.com/nation/senators-refuse-sign-pharmally-probe-report-due-inclusion-of-duterte/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220606112208/https://www.rappler.com/nation/senators-refuse-sign-pharmally-probe-report-due-inclusion-of-duterte/ |archive-date=June 6, 2022}}

File:RODRIGUEZ 03042021-17.jpg-developed COVID-19 vaccine vial following a ceremonial turnover in Pasay City on March 4, 2021.]]

The administration started its COVID-19 vaccination program on March 1, 2021, a day after the arrival of the country's first vaccine doses, which the Chinese government donated.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Parrocha |first=Azer |date=March 1, 2021 |title=PH kick-starts Covid-19 vaccination drive with CoronaVac |language=en |work=Philippine News Agency |url=https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1132127 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210301040050/https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1132127 |archive-date=March 1, 2021}} Under the program, priority was given to medical workers, senior citizens, and persons with co-morbidities.{{#invoke:Cite|news |date=February 5, 2021 |title=LIST: Priority sectors, subgroups in COVID-19 vaccination program |work=CNN Philippines |url=https://www.cnnphilippines.com/news/2021/2/5/COVID-19-vaccination-priority-Philippines.html | url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210205053518/https://www.cnnphilippines.com/news/2021/2/5/COVID-19-vaccination-priority-Philippines.html |archive-date=February 5, 2021}} The administration initially had a target of vaccinating 90 million Filipinos before Duterte's term ended but lowered it to between 77 million and 80 million in April 2022 due to persisting vaccine hesitancy.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Villa |first=Kathleen de |date=April 14, 2022 |title=Amid push for boosters, many in PH still fear 'side effects' |language=en |newspaper=Philippine Daily Inquirer |url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1582779/amid-push-for-boosters-many-in-ph-still-fearing-side-effects |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220413232052/https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1582779/amid-push-for-boosters-many-in-ph-still-fearing-side-effects |archive-date=April 13, 2022}}{{#invoke:Cite|news |last1=de Villa |first1=Kathleen |last2=Corrales |first2=Nestor |date=April 22, 2022 |title=Vaccine czar lowers target as jab rate slows down |language=en |newspaper=Philippine Daily Inquirer |url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1586356/vaccine-czar-lowers-target-as-jab-rate-slows-down |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220421222141/https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1586356/vaccine-czar-lowers-target-as-jab-rate-slows-down |archive-date=April 21, 2022}} By early June 2022, over 245 million vaccine doses had been secured by the administration, of which 151.2 million had been administered. By the end of Duterte's term in office, 70.5 million people had been fully vaccinated;{{#invoke:Cite|news |date=June 30, 2022 |title=Vergeire to push redefining fully vaccinated under Marcos admin |work=CNN Philippines |url=https://www.cnnphilippines.com/news/2022/6/30/Vergeire-redefine-fully-vaccinated-Marcos-admin.html | url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220629170147/https://www.cnnphilippines.com/news/2022/6/30/Vergeire-redefine-fully-vaccinated-Marcos-admin.html |archive-date=June 29, 2022}} over 3.7 million COVID-19 cases in the country had been recorded during his presidency since the onset of the pandemic in 2020, with over 3.69 million recoveries and 8,706 (0.23%) active cases.{{#invoke:Cite|news |date=July 1, 2022 |title=DOH: 88% of provinces, cities in PH seeing increase in COVID-19 cases |work=CNN Philippines |url=https://www.cnnphilippines.com/news/2022/7/1/OCTA-higher-positivity-rate-Metro-Manila-9-others.html | url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220701074100/https://www.cnnphilippines.com/news/2022/7/1/OCTA-higher-positivity-rate-Metro-Manila-9-others.html |archive-date=July 1, 2022}}

=Housing and urban development=

File:President Rodrigo Roa Duterte hands over the certificate of award to one of the awardees representing the 640 beneficiaries of Madayaw Residences units at Kadayawan Homes in Bangkal, Davao City on June 24, 2022 (MADELO 060232022-5).jpg on June 24, 2022.{{cite news |last1=Palicte |first1=Che |title=NHA turns over 640 housing units to Davao gov't workers |url=https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1177425 |work=Philippine News Agency |date=June 23, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220625030955/https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1177425 |archive-date=June 25, 2022}}]]

In February 2019, Duterte merged the Housing and Urban Development Coordinating Council and the Housing and Land Use Regulatory Board to create the Department of Human Settlements and Urban Development (DHSUD), which was tasked with centralizing processing of housing documents at one-stop shops.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Roque |first=EJ |date=February 19, 2019 |title=PRRD signs law creating Human Settlements and Urban Department |work=Philippine News Agency |url=https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1062333 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190327151454/http://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1062333 |archive-date=March 27, 2019}} The DHSUD reported in October 2021 the Duterte administration financed and built 1,076,277 housing units from 2016 to 2021, the highest yearly output average of housing units per year since 1975.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Go |first=Alec |date=October 5, 2021 |title=DHSUD: 84% of 1.2-M housing target complete |work=PTVNews |url=https://ptvnews.ph/dhsud-84-of-1-2-m-housing-target-complete/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220305171821/https://ptvnews.ph/dhsud-84-of-1-2-m-housing-target-complete/ |archive-date=March 5, 2022}}{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Kabagani |first=Lade Jean |date=February 14, 2022 |title=Housing sector under PRRD achieves four-decade high |language=en |work=Philippine News Agency |url=https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1167737 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220214122832/https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1167737 |archive-date=February 14, 2022}}

On March 8, 2017, an estimated 12,000 people led by members of militant urban-poor group {{lang|fil|Kalipunan ng Damayang Mahihirap}} (Kadamay) illegally occupied about 5,000 housing units in government housing projects in Pandi, Bulacan. These projects were intended for National Housing Authority (NHA) beneficiaries, informal settlers displaced from danger zones in Metro Manila, and uniformed personnel.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Reyes-Estrope |first=Carmela |date=December 31, 2019 |title=How are Kadamay folk after 2017 takeover of Bulacan housing? |language=en |newspaper=Philippine Daily Inquirer |url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1207592/how-are-kadamay-folk-after-2017-takeover-of-bulacan-housing |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191231023412/https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1207592/how-are-kadamay-folk-after-2017-takeover-of-bulacan-housing |archive-date=December 31, 2019}} Duterte initially said he would not tolerate the illegal occupation, which he described as anarchy, and that the issue should be resolved through communication.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Placido |first=Dharel |date=March 13, 2017 |title=Duterte won't tolerate 'Occupy Pandi' |work=ABS-CBN News |url=https://news.abs-cbn.com/news/03/13/17/duterte-wont-tolerate-occupy-pandi |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170313144021/https://news.abs-cbn.com/news/03/13/17/duterte-wont-tolerate-occupy-pandi |archive-date=March 13, 2017}} The NHA issued eviction notices{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Torres |first=Nestor |date=March 21, 2017 |title=NHA issues eviction notices to Kadamay illegal settlers |language=en-us |work=UNTV News and Rescue |url=https://www.untvweb.com/news/nha-issues-eviction-notices-to-kadamay-illegal-settlers/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220422125645/https://www.untvweb.com/news/nha-issues-eviction-notices-to-kadamay-illegal-settlers/ |archive-date=April 22, 2022}} but failed to evict the occupants from the housing units, prompting Duterte to permit the illegal dwellers to continue occupying the units if they did not unhouse military and police officers in the process.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Musico |first=Jelly |date=June 18, 2018 |title=PRRD directs PNP to stop Kadamay takeover of NHA houses: Palace |language=en |work=Philippine News Agency |url=https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1038264 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180618181530/https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1038264 |archive-date=June 18, 2018}}{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Vibar |first=Ivy Jean |date=April 4, 2017 |title=Duterte lets Kadamay have Bulacan homes |work=ABS-CBN News |url=https://news.abs-cbn.com/news/04/04/17/duterte-lets-kadamay-have-bulacan-homes |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170404112113/https://news.abs-cbn.com/news/04/04/17/duterte-lets-kadamay-have-bulacan-homes |archive-date=April 4, 2017}} In June 2018, after Kadamay members attempted to occupy another housing project in Rizal, Duterte ordered the Philippine National Police to prevent the takeover.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Nicolas |first=Jino |date=June 14, 2018 |title=Gov't warns Kadamay against occupying idle housing projects |work=BusinessWorld |url=https://www.bworldonline.com/the-nation/2018/06/14/165408/govt-warns-kadamay-against-occupying-idle-housing-projects/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220422124757/https://www.bworldonline.com/the-nation/2018/06/14/165408/govt-warns-kadamay-against-occupying-idle-housing-projects/ |archive-date=April 22, 2022}}

In March 2022, the government started its first housing project for indigenous peoples.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Simeon |first=Louise Maureen |date=March 3, 2022 |title=Government rolls out housing for Ips |work=The Philippine Star |url=https://www.philstar.com/business/2022/03/03/2164470/government-rolls-out-housing-ips |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220305172426/https://www.philstar.com/business/2022/03/03/2164470/government-rolls-out-housing-ips |archive-date=March 5, 2022}}

=Labor=

== Effort vs. contractualization ==

File:President Rodrigo Roa Duterte convenes with the various government and non-government stakeholders from the labor sector at the Malacañan Palace on February 7, 2018 (20180207-ph-macky2).jpg

Duterte campaigned to phase out contractualization (locally known as "endo", derived from "end of contract") and improve labor policies in the Philippines. In 2017, he and Department of Labor and Employment secretary Silvestre Bello III proposed a new policy to end labor-only contractualization but Bello declined to sign it, seeking input from labor groups.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Pasion |first=Patty |date=February 4, 2017 |title=DOLE order ending contractualization expected in February |language=en |work=Rappler |url=https://www.rappler.com/nation/dole-order-end-contractualization-february |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210117132146/https://www.rappler.com/nation/dole-order-end-contractualization-february |archive-date=January 17, 2021}}{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Pasion |first=Patty |date=February 14, 2017 |title=Duterte to meet with labor groups on February 27 |language=en |work=Rappler |url=https://www.rappler.com/nation/duterte-labor-groups-meeting-february |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200927194900/https://www.rappler.com/nation/duterte-labor-groups-meeting-february |archive-date=September 27, 2020}} On March 16, Bello signed Department Order 174, which sets stricter guidelines on endo without outlawing it.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Pasion |first=Patty |date=March 8, 2017 |title=Labor groups: Draft order vs contractualization betrays dialogue with Duterte |language=en |work=Rappler |url=https://www.rappler.com/nation/labor-groups-reaction-final-draft-endo-order |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200809125703/https://www.rappler.com/nation/labor-groups-reaction-final-draft-endo-order |archive-date=August 9, 2020}} Duterte continued his stand against the practice, promising to sign an executive order against it;{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Ranada |first=Pia |date=May 1, 2017 |title=Duterte to sign EO vs 'endo' |language=en |work=Rappler |url=https://www.rappler.com/nation/labor-day-philippines-duterte-endo-executive-order |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201028151340/https://www.rappler.com/nation/labor-day-philippines-duterte-endo-executive-order |archive-date=October 28, 2020}} however, terrorist attacks perpetuated by the Maute group in Marawi City delayed the signing. Labor groups organized a rally on March 15, 2018, in protest against the president's postponement.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Rey |first=Aika |date=March 15, 2018 |title=Labor groups hit Duterte: Where's signed EO vs contractualization? |language=en |work=Rappler |url=https://www.rappler.com/nation/labor-groups-duterte-contractualization-endo-executive-order-march-deadline |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200805170453/https://www.rappler.com/nation/labor-groups-duterte-contractualization-endo-executive-order-march-deadline |archive-date=August 5, 2020}} On May 1, Duterte signed Executive Order No. 51, prohibiting illegal contracting and subcontracting;{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Bunachita |first=Jose Santino S. |date=May 2, 2018 |title=Duterte signs executive order on 'endo' |newspaper=Philippine Daily Inquirer |url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/986964/duterte-signs-executive-order-on-endo |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210227050138/http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/986964/duterte-signs-executive-order-on-endo |archive-date=February 27, 2021}} labor groups expressed dissatisfaction because the terms of the agreement had changed since negotiation.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Tomacruz |first=Sofia |date=May 1, 2018 |title=TIMELINE: Duterte's promise to abolish endo |work=Rappler |url=https://www.rappler.com/newsbreak/iq/201468-duterte-endo-contractualization-promise-2016-to-2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180502021634/https://www.rappler.com/newsbreak/iq/201468-duterte-endo-contractualization-promise-2016-to-2018 |archive-date=May 2, 2018}} Malacañang said it was powerless to enforce the ban and that lawmakers would have to amend the Labor Code of the Philippines for endo to be abolished.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Ballaran |first=Jhoanna |date=April 2, 2018 |title=Palace powerless to ban 'endo' in PH – official |newspaper=Philippine Daily Inquirer |url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/979600/palace-powerless-to-ban-endo-in-ph-official |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201109030131/http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/979600/palace-powerless-to-ban-endo-in-ph-official |archive-date=November 9, 2020}}

On September 21, 2018, Duterte certified a Senate bill prohibiting labor-only contracting that was stated to benefit over 40 million workers.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last1=Aurelio |first1=Julie M. |last2=Salaverria |first2=Leila B. |last3=Aning |first3=Jerome |last4=Jovic |date=September 26, 2018 |title=Duterte pushes anti-contractualization bill |language=en |newspaper=Philippine Daily Inquirer |url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1036356/duterte-pushes-anti-contractualization-bill |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180926114604/https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1036356/duterte-pushes-anti-contractualization-bill |archive-date=September 26, 2018}} Several business groups urged Duterte to veto the bill, which they said was redundant and would force businesses to adopt automation and artificial intelligence, and that the bill violated the constitutional rights of businesses.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Valencia |first=Czeriza |date=July 18, 2019 |title=Business groups urge veto of Security of Tenure bill |work=The Philippine Star |url=https://www.philstar.com/business/2019/07/18/1935535/business-groups-urge-veto-security-tenure-bill |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190718035949/https://www.philstar.com/business/2019/07/18/1935535/business-groups-urge-veto-security-tenure-bill |archive-date=July 18, 2019}} In July 2019, Duterte vetoed the Security of Tenure Bill, which he said broadened the scope and definition of illegal "labor-only contracting", and prohibited legitimate forms of contractualization favorable to employees; he added "our goal, however, has always been to target the abuse, while leaving businesses free to engage in those practices beneficial to both management and the workforce". Employers welcomed the decision but some labor groups criticized it as a failure to deliver a campaign promise.{{#invoke:Cite|news |date=July 26, 2019 |title=Employers welcome Duterte's veto of 'anti-endo' bill |language=en |work=ABS-CBN News |url=https://news.abs-cbn.com/video/business/07/27/19/employers-welcome-dutertes-veto-of-anti-endo-bill |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190727012038/https://news.abs-cbn.com/video/business/07/27/19/employers-welcome-dutertes-veto-of-anti-endo-bill |archive-date=July 27, 2019}} The Trade Union Congress of the Philippines blamed business groups for using "scare tactics" of impending disinvestment if the bill was to pass.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Cudis |first=Christine |date=July 26, 2019 |title='Scare tactics' by bizmen behind Security of Tenure Bill veto |language=en |work=Philippine News Agency |url=https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1076157 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220531161805/https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1076157 |archive-date=May 31, 2022}}

In November 2019, the labor department reported employers had regularized over 564,000 contractual workers as part of the administration's effort to end contractualization.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Acse |first=Rochelle |date=November 26, 2019 |title=DoLE: Almost 600K workers regularized |language=en-US |work=Daily Tribune |url=https://tribune.net.ph/index.php/2019/11/26/dole-almost-600k-workers-regularized/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191128072148/https://tribune.net.ph/index.php/2019/11/26/dole-almost-600k-workers-regularized/ |archive-date=November 28, 2019}}

== Support for migrant workers ==

File:President Rodrigo Duterte shakes hands with overseas Filipino in Brunei at the Hassanal Bolkiah National Sports Complex 02.jpg

File:President Rodrigo Roa Duterte signs the bill creating the Department of Migrant Workers and Overseas Filipinos during the signing ceremony at the Malacañan Palace on December 30, 2021 (RODRIGUEZ 12302021-2-2-1347x900).jpg at the Malacañang Palace on December 30, 2021.]]

Duterte promised to prioritize the labor concerns of overseas Filipino workers (OFWs).{{#invoke:Cite|news |title=How Duterte gov't cared for OFWs in first 100 days |language=en |work=Rappler |url=https://www.rappler.com/nation/president-duterte-100-days-ofws |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200808122328/https://www.rappler.com/nation/president-duterte-100-days-ofws |archive-date=August 8, 2020}} He created the Department of Migrant Workers to improve coordination among government agencies concerned with OFW affairs,{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Parrocha |first=Azer |date=December 30, 2021 |title=Duterte signs law creating Department of Migrant Workers |work=Philippine News Agency |url=https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1164079 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211230063711/https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1164079 |archive-date=December 30, 2021}} the Overseas Filipino Bank, and the Overseas Filipino Workers Hospital.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Placido |first=Dharel |date=January 18, 2018 |title=Overseas Filipino Bank launched |language=en |work=ABS-CBN News |url=https://news.abs-cbn.com/news/01/18/18/overseas-filipino-bank-launched |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180118170427/https://news.abs-cbn.com/news/01/18/18/overseas-filipino-bank-launched |archive-date=January 18, 2018}}{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Azer |first=Parrocha |date=December 7, 2021 |title=PRRD signs EO hastening completion of OFW hospital |work=Philippine News Agency |url=https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1162116 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220224202640/https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1162116 |archive-date=February 24, 2022}} In August 2017, he signed a law extending the validity of Philippine passports from five years to ten years.{{#invoke:Cite|news |date=August 5, 2017 |title=Duterte signs law extending passport validity to 10 years |work=CNN Philippines |url=https://www.cnnphilippines.com/news/2017/08/02/duterte-signs-law-extending-passport-validity-to-10-years.html | url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170805074544/https://www.cnnphilippines.com/news/2017/08/02/duterte-signs-law-extending-passport-validity-to-10-years.html |archive-date=August 5, 2017}}

Bilateral agreements increasing protections and opportunities for OFWs were reached with 26 countries,{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=De Leon |first=Susan |date=June 2, 2022 |title=Pres Duterte made OFW lives better -Bello |work=Philippine Information Agency |url=https://pia.gov.ph/news/2022/06/02/pres-duterte-made-ofw-lives-better-bello |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220602122541/https://pia.gov.ph/news/2022/06/02/pres-duterte-made-ofw-lives-better-bello |archive-date=June 2, 2022}} including Cambodia,{{#invoke:Cite|news |date=December 21, 2016 |title=ASEAN Regulatory Brief: Cambodia Tax Regulations, Laos Foreign Currency Loans, and Philippines-Cambodia Bilateral Relations |language=en |work=ASEAN Business News |url=https://www.aseanbriefing.com/news/asean-regulatory-brief-cambodia-tax-regulations-laos-foreign-currency-loans-philippines-cambodia-bilateral-relations/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200925102719/https://www.aseanbriefing.com/news/asean-regulatory-brief-cambodia-tax-regulations-laos-foreign-currency-loans-philippines-cambodia-bilateral-relations/ |archive-date=September 25, 2020}} Canada,{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Medenilla |first=Samuel P. |date=March 21, 2022 |title=Canada's Yukon labor market opened for Filipino workers |work=BusinessMirror |url=https://businessmirror.com.ph/2022/03/21/canadas-yukon-labor-marketopened-for-filipino-workers/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220320212411/https://businessmirror.com.ph/2022/03/21/canadas-yukon-labor-marketopened-for-filipino-workers/ |archive-date=March 20, 2022}} China,{{#invoke:Cite|news |date=April 10, 2018 |title=PH, China sign six bilateral agreements |work=Presidential Communications Operations Office |url=https://pcoo.gov.ph/news_releases/ph-china-sign-six-bilateral-agreements/ |access-date=July 3, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210627202455/https://pcoo.gov.ph/news_releases/ph-china-sign-six-bilateral-agreements/ |archive-date=June 27, 2021}} Israel,{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Nicolas |first=Jino |date=September 3, 2018 |title=Philippines, Israel forge agreements on labor, science, and trade |work=BusinessWorld |url=https://www.bworldonline.com/editors-picks/2018/09/04/184896/philippines-israel-forge-agreements-on-labor-science-and-trade/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220703215605/https://www.bworldonline.com/editors-picks/2018/09/04/184896/philippines-israel-forge-agreements-on-labor-science-and-trade/ |archive-date=July 3, 2022}}{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Rocamora |first=Joyce Ann L. |date=December 12, 2018 |title=PH, Israel sign labor accord on hiring Filipino hotel workers |language=en |work=Philippine News Agency |url=https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1056402 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181214201551/https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1056402 |archive-date=December 14, 2018}} Japan,{{#invoke:Cite|web|date=March 19, 2019 |title=Signing of Memorandum of Cooperation between Japan and the Philippines on the Basic Partnership Framework for the Proper Operation of the System pertaining to Foreign Human Resources with the Status of Residence of "Specified Skilled Worker" |url=https://www.mofa.go.jp/press/release/press4e_002381.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190901235412/https://www.mofa.go.jp/press/release/press4e_002381.html |archive-date=September 1, 2019 |website=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan |language=en}}{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Cortez |first=Gillian M. |date=March 29, 2019 |title=Filipinos preferred under Japan's new special worker program |work=BusinessWorld |url=https://www.bworldonline.com/editors-picks/2019/03/29/222702/filipinos-preferred-under-japans-new-special-worker-program/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220703223156/https://www.bworldonline.com/editors-picks/2019/03/29/222702/filipinos-preferred-under-japans-new-special-worker-program/ |archive-date=July 3, 2022}} Jordan,{{#invoke:Cite|news |date=September 6, 2018 |title=Jordan, Philippines 'start new era' of cooperation |language=en |work=The Jordan Times |url=http://www.jordantimes.com/news/local/jordan-philippines-%E2%80%98start-new-era%E2%80%99-cooperation |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180907011011/http://www.jordantimes.com/news/local/jordan-philippines-%E2%80%98start-new-era%E2%80%99-cooperation |archive-date=September 7, 2018}} Kuwait, Romania,{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Cayabyab |first=Charlene A. |date=June 19, 2021 |title=DOLE, Romanian labor ministry ink agreement to hire more OFWs |language=English |work=SunStar |url=https://www.sunstar.com.ph/article/1898272/pampanga/local-news/dole-romanian-labor-ministry-ink-agreement-to-hire-more-ofws |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210621190035/https://www.sunstar.com.ph/article/1898272/pampanga/local-news/dole-romanian-labor-ministry-ink-agreement-to-hire-more-ofws |archive-date=June 21, 2021}} Saudi Arabia,{{#invoke:Cite|news |date=April 24, 2017 |title=President Duterte Strengthens Ties with Saudi Arabia During Visit to the Kingdom |work=The Official Website of the Philippine Embassy in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia |url=https://riyadhpe.dfa.gov.ph/newsroom/press-releases/3402-pr-058-2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220703230301/https://riyadhpe.dfa.gov.ph/newsroom/press-releases/3402-pr-058-2017 |archive-date=July 3, 2022}} and the United Arab Emirates.{{#invoke:Cite|news |date=September 19, 2017 |title=Philippines and UAE Sign MOU on Labor Cooperation |work=Department of Foreign Affairs |url=https://dfa.gov.ph/newsroom/news-from-our-foreign-service-postsupdate/13978-philippines-and-uae-sign-mou-on-labor-cooperation |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220703221132/https://dfa.gov.ph/newsroom/news-from-our-foreign-service-postsupdate/13978-philippines-and-uae-sign-mou-on-labor-cooperation |archive-date=July 3, 2022}}{{#invoke:Cite|news |date=September 26, 2019 |title=The Philippines and the United Arab Emirates Sign Agreement to Fight Human Trafficking |work=Permanent Mission of the Republic of the Philippines to the United Nations |url=https://www.un.int/philippines/activities/philippines-and-united-arab-emirates-sign-agreement-fight-human-trafficking |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201101022020/https://www.un.int/philippines/activities/philippines-and-united-arab-emirates-sign-agreement-fight-human-trafficking |archive-date=November 1, 2020}}

The Duterte administration launched OFW centers, which provide centralized government front-line services for employment documents.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Jaymalin |first=Mayen |date=August 16, 2016 |title=POEA opens one-stop shop for overseas workers |work=The Philippine Star |url=https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2016/08/16/1613966/poea-opens-one-stop-shop-overseas-workers |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160816142355/https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2016/08/16/1613966/poea-opens-one-stop-shop-overseas-workers |archive-date=August 16, 2016}} Starting September 2016, the Philippine Overseas Employment Administration exempted OFWs returning to their jobs or same employers abroad from paying travel tax, securing overseas employment certificates, and paying the agency's processing fee.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Jaymalin |first=Mayen |date=September 15, 2016 |title=OFWs exempted from paying travel tax, POEA fees |work=The Philippine Star |url=https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2016/09/15/1623993/ofws-exempted-paying-travel-tax-poea-fees |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160915183201/https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2016/09/15/1623993/ofws-exempted-paying-travel-tax-poea-fees |archive-date=September 15, 2016}} In November 2018, the Overseas Workers Welfare Administration (OWWA) launched the OFW E-Card, a new identification card allowing OFWs faster access to OWWA resources, including welfare services, scholarships, training programs, and social benefits.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Soriano |first=JP |date=November 6, 2018 |title=OWWA launches OFW e-Card |language=en |work=GMA News Online |url=https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/pinoyabroad/news/673755/owwa-launches-ofw-e-card/story/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181112181749/http://www.gmanetwork.com/news/pinoyabroad/news/673755/owwa-launches-ofw-e-card/story/ |archive-date=November 12, 2018}}

Duterte called for the abolition of the exploitative kafala system affecting millions of OFWs employed in Gulf countries.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Aben |first=Ellie |date=September 22, 2021 |title=Philippines' Duterte renews call to abolish kafala system |language=en |work=Arab News |url=https://www.arabnews.com/node/1933911/world |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210923084029/https://www.arabnews.com/node/1933911/world |archive-date=September 23, 2021}} Following the death of Filipina maid Joanna Demafelis, whose body was found inside a freezer in Kuwait, a dispute between the two countries occurred. Duterte issued a deployment ban to Kuwait in February 2018 and thousands of OFWs in Kuwait were repatriated. On May 11, 2018, the two countries signed the Agreement on the Employment of Domestic Workers between the Philippines and Kuwait, which recognized certain rights of OFWs employed as servants and maids in Kuwait.{{#invoke:Cite|news |date=May 12, 2018 |title=PH, Kuwait sign agreement for the protection of OFWs, agree on return of 3 Filipino diplomats |language=en |work=CNN Philippines |url=https://cnnphilippines.com/news/2018/05/11/philippines-kuwait-sign-agreement-ofws.html | url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180513015648/https://cnnphilippines.com/news/2018/05/11/philippines-kuwait-sign-agreement-ofws.html |archive-date=May 13, 2018}}{{#invoke:Cite|news |date=May 11, 2018 |title=Philippines and Kuwait sign agreement on workers' rights |language=en-GB |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-44088011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180511225242/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-44088011 |archive-date=May 11, 2018}}

On January 15, 2020, following the alleged killing of Jeanelyn Villavende in Kuwait by her employer, the Philippines approved a ban on the deployment of workers to Kuwait.{{#invoke:Cite|news |date=January 15, 2020 |title=Philippines OKs total deployment ban of workers to Kuwait |language=en |work=CNN Philippines |url=https://cnnphilippines.com/news/2020/1/15/Philippines-total-deployment-ban-Kuwait.html | url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200115171728/https://cnnphilippines.com/news/2020/1/15/Philippines-total-deployment-ban-Kuwait.html |archive-date=January 15, 2020}} The Philippines and Kuwait signed an agreement on the proposed standard employment contract for OFWs in Kuwait on February 5, 2020. The standard contract contained regulations endorsed by Duterte; these regulations allowed OFWs to keep their passports and cellphones, mandated one day off with pay, and designated working and sleeping hours for the OFWs.{{#invoke:Cite|news |date=February 5, 2020 |title=PH, Kuwait seal 'harmonized' template contract for OFWs |language=en |work=CNN Philippines |url=https://cnnphilippines.com/news/2020/2/5/Philippines-Kuwait-standard-employment-contract-OFW-deployment-ban.html | url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200409003430/https://cnnphilippines.com/news/2020/2/5/Philippines-Kuwait-standard-employment-contract-OFW-deployment-ban.html |archive-date=April 9, 2020}}

Amid the COVID-19 pandemic from 2020 to 2022, the Duterte administration repatriated more than one million OFWs and provided them free COVID-19 testing, food, and accommodation in Metro Manila.{{Cite journal |last1=Kang |first1=Jong Woo |last2=Latoja |first2=Ma. Concepcion G. |date=February 4, 2022 |title=COVID-19 and Overseas Filipino Workers: Return Migration and Reintegration into the Home Country—the Philippine Case |url=https://www.adb.org/sites/default/files/publication/767846/sewp-021-covid-19-ofws-return-migration-reintegration.pdf |journal=ADB Southeast Asia Working Paper Series |publisher=Asian Development Bank |issue=12 |pages=10–12 |doi=10.22617/WPS220002-2 |doi-broken-date=November 1, 2024 |s2cid=246574479 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220208104636/https://www.adb.org/sites/default/files/publication/767846/sewp-021-covid-19-ofws-return-migration-reintegration.pdf |archive-date=February 8, 2022}}

==Salary increases and employee benefits==

File:President Rodrigo Duterte announces the increase in salary of soldiers and policemen this August during his speech at the 2nd Infantry Division headquarters in Camp Capinpin.jpg, Tanay, Rizal on August 24, 2016.]]

During his presidency, Duterte approved the raising of salaries of government employees,{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Mendez |first=Christina |date=October 31, 2020 |title=Duterte signs salary law for 1.4 million government workers |work=The Philippine Star |url=https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2020/01/10/1983649/duterte-signs-salary-law-14-million-government-workers |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201031170416/https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2020/01/10/1983649/duterte-signs-salary-law-14-million-government-workers |archive-date=October 31, 2020}} including military, police, and other uniformed personnel.{{#invoke:Cite|news |date=January 12, 2018 |title=Duterte approves pay hike for soldiers, policemen |work=CNN Philippines |url=https://www.cnnphilippines.com/news/2018/01/09/joint-resolution.html | url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180112095115/https://www.cnnphilippines.com/news/2018/01/09/joint-resolution.html |archive-date=January 12, 2018}}{{#invoke:Cite|news |last1=Balana |first1=Cynthia D. |last2=Cabacungan |first2=Gil C. |date=October 4, 2016 |title=Duterte gives soldiers, cops huge pay hike |language=en |newspaper=Philippine Daily Inquirer |url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/821504/duterte-gives-soldiers-cops-huge-pay-hike |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161207132516/http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/821504/duterte-gives-soldiers-cops-huge-pay-hike |archive-date=December 7, 2016}}{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Kabagani |first=Lade Jean |date=February 22, 2022 |title='I will leave my office with a strong military': Duterte |work=Philippine News Agency |url=https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1168262 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220222033352/https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1168262 |archive-date=February 22, 2022}} Through the Salary Standardization Law of 2019, salaries of government workers, including teachers and nurses, were increased in four tranches from 2020 to 2023.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Porcalla |first=Delon |date=January 14, 2022 |title=1.7 million state workers to receive pay hike |work=The Philippine Star |url=https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2022/01/14/2153798/17-million-state-workers-receive-pay-hike |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220113164549/https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2022/01/14/2153798/17-million-state-workers-receive-pay-hike |archive-date=January 13, 2022}} A law signed in April 2022 granted a night-shift differential pay to all government employees at a rate not exceeding 20% of the hourly basic rate of the employee.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Geducos |first=Argyll Cyrus |date=May 17, 2022 |title=Duterte signs law granting night shift differential pay to gov't employees |work=Manila Bulletin |url=https://mb.com.ph/2022/05/16/duterte-signs-law-granting-night-shift-differential-pay-to-govt-employees/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220517125107/https://mb.com.ph/2022/05/16/duterte-signs-law-granting-night-shift-differential-pay-to-govt-employees/ |archive-date=May 17, 2022}}

In February 2019, Duterte signed a law extending paid maternity leave for female workers from 60 days to 105 days.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Parrocha |first=Azer |date=February 21, 2019 |title=PRRD signs Expanded Maternity Leave bill into law |language=en |work=Philippine News Agency |url=https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1062567 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190221220243/https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1062567 |archive-date=February 21, 2019}}

=National identification system=

File:Duterte signing of PhilSys Act.jpg after signing it at Malacañang Palace on August 6, 2018.]]

According to Duterte, transactions would be simpler and faster through the use of a national identity system.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Gita-Carlos |first=Ruth Abbey |date=March 19, 2021 |title=Give PhilSys a chance, Duterte urges Pinoys |language=en |work=Philippine News Agency |url=https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1134201 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210319084016/https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1134201 |archive-date=March 19, 2021}} On August 6, 2018, he signed into law the Philippine Identification System Act (PhilSys Law), seeking to integrate government IDs into a single identification card for all citizens and foreign residents in the country.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Musico |first=Jelly |date=August 6, 2018 |title=PRRD signs national ID law |language=en |work=Philippine News Agency |url=https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1043908 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180806114444/https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1043908 |archive-date=August 6, 2018}} On February 14, 2022, he issued an executive order institutionalizing the national ID card as sufficient proof of identity and age in all forms of transactions, eliminating the need to present additional identity documents.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Aning |first=Jerome |date=February 17, 2022 |title=Accept new national ID, Duterte orders gov't, private offices |language=en |newspaper=Philippine Daily Inquirer |url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1555763/accept-new-national-id-duterte-orders-govt-private-offices |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220216223514/https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1555763/accept-new-national-id-duterte-orders-govt-private-offices |archive-date=February 16, 2022}}

The PhilSys project gained public support,{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Quiros |first=Judy |date=May 16, 2021 |title=PhilSys applicants growing with Step 1 online registration |work=Philippine News Agency |url=https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1140438 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210516112017/https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1140438 |archive-date=May 16, 2021}} but its implementation was delayed by pandemic restrictions and management issues within the Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Aurelio |first=Julie M. |date=July 10, 2022 |title=Management issues hound P3.48-billion PhilSys cards |language=en |newspaper=Philippine Daily Inquirer |url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1624993/management-issues-hound-p3-48-billion-philsys-cards |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220709224944/https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1624993/management-issues-hound-p3-48-billion-philsys-cards |archive-date=July 9, 2022}} By June 2022, 66.48 million Filipinos have completed the Step 2 registration process involving validation of supporting documents and biometric captures, while the Philippine Statistics Authority delivered 11.53 million ID cards to registrants through the Philippine Postal Corporation.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Kabagani |first=Lade Jean |date=June 8, 2022 |title=PhilSys registers over 66.4M Filipinos for Step 2 |work=Philippine News Agency |url=https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1176178 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220608133304/https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1176178 |archive-date=June 8, 2022}}

=Social issues=

==Land reform==

File:President Rodrigo Roa Duterte attends the ceremonial distribution of Certificates of Land Ownership Award (CLOAs) to the Region 10 beneficiaries at the USTP Gymnasium, Claro M. Recto Avenue in Cagayan de Oro City on October 31, 2018 02.jpg beneficiaries in Cagayan de Oro on October 31, 2018.]]

During his presidential campaign, Duterte called the land reform program of the Aquino administration a "total failure", and promised to provide support services alongside land distribution to farmers.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Ranada |first=Pia |date=February 3, 2016 |title=Duterte to push for land reform, free irrigation for farmers |language=en |work=Rappler |url=https://www.rappler.com/nation/elections/duterte-platform-farmers-irrigation |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220204074614/https://www.rappler.com/nation/elections/121260-duterte-platform-farmers-irrigation/ |archive-date=February 4, 2022}} On July 5, 2016, a few days after Duterte's presidential inauguration, the Department of Agrarian Reform (DAR) opened the gates of its main office in Quezon City after twenty years of being barricaded shut to prevent protesters from storming it.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Tacadena |first=Kiersnerr Gerwin |date=July 5, 2016 |title=DAR opens its main gates after 2 decades |language=en |work=GMA News Online |url=https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/story/572418/news/nation/dar-opens-its-main-gates-after-2-decades/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220423122057/https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/topstories/nation/572418/dar-opens-its-main-gates-after-2-decades/story/ |archive-date=April 23, 2022}}

Following the Boracay cleanup, Duterte distributed 623 certificates of land-ownership award covering {{convert|274|ha}} of land in Boracay and Aklan to the area's Ati inhabitants and other beneficiaries.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last1=Domingo |first1=Katrina |last2=Placido |first2=Dharel |date=November 8, 2018 |title=Duterte distributes land to Ati tribe in Boracay |work=ABS-CBN News |url=https://news.abs-cbn.com/news/11/08/18/duterte-distributes-land-to-ati-tribe-in-boracay |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181121085517/https://news.abs-cbn.com/news/11/08/18/duterte-distributes-land-to-ati-tribe-in-boracay |archive-date=November 21, 2018}} In February 2019, Duterte ordered all government agencies to identify government-owned land that could be distributed to agrarian-reform beneficiaries.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Romero |first=Alexis |date=February 22, 2019 |title=Duterte orders government lands to be converted to agricultural lands |work=The Philippine Star |url=https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2019/02/22/1895864/duterte-orders-government-lands-be-converted-agricultural-lands |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190222115306/https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2019/02/22/1895864/duterte-orders-government-lands-be-converted-agricultural-lands |archive-date=February 22, 2019}}

By August 2021, under the Duterte administration, the DAR had distributed {{convert|516000|ha}} of land among 405,800 farmers.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Moaje |first=Marita |date=August 17, 2021 |title=405K farmers benefited from land reform under Duterte admin |work=Philippine News Agency |url=https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1150790 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210818074125/https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1150790 |archive-date=August 18, 2021}}

==Poverty alleviation==

The Duterte administration has sought to lift six million Filipinos out of poverty.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Parrocha |first=Azer |date=July 23, 2019 |title=Duterte to Congress: Help me lift 6M Pinoys out of poverty |work=Philippine News Agency |url=https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1075741 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220224190613/https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1075741 |archive-date=February 24, 2022}} Duterte issued his first executive order directing the cabinet secretary to supervise 12 government agencies under the Office of the President to evaluate and reform existing poverty reduction programs.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Viray |first=Patricia Lourdes |date=July 4, 2016 |title=Duterte's first EO: Restructure Office of the President |work=The Philippine Star |url=https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2016/07/04/1599459/dutertes-first-eo-restructure-office-president |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160802004435/http://www.philstar.com/headlines/2016/07/04/1599459/dutertes-first-eo-restructure-office-president |archive-date=August 2, 2016 |quote=The 12 agencies are tasked to evaluate existing poverty reduction programs and formulate projects that seek to reduce poverty and improve the lives of the most venerable sectors of the society.}} On October 5, 2016, he signed his fifth executive order, adopting Ambisyon Natin 2040 as the 25-year economic development plan for the Philippines with the aim of making the Philippines "a prosperous, predominantly middle-class society where no one is poor" by 2040.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Vera |first=Ben O. de |date=October 13, 2016 |title=Duterte backs plan to triple incomes, wipe out poverty by 2040 |language=en |newspaper=Philippine Daily Inquirer |url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/824961/duterte-calls-for-plan-to-triple-incomes-wipe-out-poverty-by-2040 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210611160138/https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/824961/duterte-calls-for-plan-to-triple-incomes-wipe-out-poverty-by-2040 |archive-date=June 11, 2021}}

In April 2019, Duterte enacted three anti-poverty laws; the Magna Carta of the Poor, which aimed to increase the quality of life of poor Filipinos;{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Parrocha |first=Azer |date=May 27, 2019 |title=Duterte signs Magna Carta of the Poor |work=Philippine News Agency |url=https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1070734 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190527121028/https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1070734 |archive-date=May 27, 2019}} the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4Ps) Act, which institutionalized a program providing conditional cash transfer to poor households for up to seven years;{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Parrocha |first=Azer |date=May 22, 2019 |title=PRRD signs law institutionalizing 4Ps |language=en |work=Philippine News Agency |url=https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1070521 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190523225258/https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1070521 |archive-date=May 23, 2019}}{{#invoke:Cite|news |last1=Cruz |first1=Maricel |last2=Ramos-Araneta |first2=Macon |date=May 23, 2019 |title=Duterte lauded for signing institutionalized 4Ps bill into law |work=Manila Standard |url=https://www.manilastandard.net/news/national/295482/duterte-lauded-for-signing-institutionalized-4ps-bill-into-law.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191104042444/https://www.manilastandard.net/news/national/295482/duterte-lauded-for-signing-institutionalized-4ps-bill-into-law.html |archive-date=November 4, 2019}} and the Community-based Monitoring System Act, which adopted a community-based monitoring system in every city and municipality to improve poverty analysis.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Balinbin |first=Arjay L. |date=July 16, 2019 |title=Duterte signs innovation, poverty-monitoring legislation |language=en-US |work=BusinessWorld |url=https://www.bworldonline.com/duterte-signs-innovation-poverty-monitoring-legislation/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190821030516/https://www.bworldonline.com/duterte-signs-innovation-poverty-monitoring-legislation/ |archive-date=August 21, 2019}}

In December 2019, the Philippine Statistics Authority reported nearly six million Filipinos were no longer in poverty as the government raised its spending on social welfare; a poverty incidence of 23.3% in 2015 had dropped to 16.6% in 2018.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last1=Yap |first1=Cecilia |last2=Lopez |first2=Ditas |date=December 5, 2019 |title=Six Million Filipinos Lifted Out of Poverty, Philippines Says |work=BNN Bloomberg |url=https://www.bnnbloomberg.ca/six-million-filipinos-lifted-out-of-poverty-philippines-says-1.1358430 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210611160134/https://www.bnnbloomberg.ca/six-million-filipinos-lifted-out-of-poverty-philippines-says-1.1358430 |archive-date=June 11, 2021}} Administration efforts to further lower the poverty rate by the end of 2022{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Leyco |first=Chino S. |date=February 27, 2022 |title=High poverty rate awaits next leader—DOF |work=Manila Bulletin |url=https://mb.com.ph/2022/02/27/high-poverty-rate-awaits-next-leader-dof/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220227131251/https://mb.com.ph/2022/02/27/high-poverty-rate-awaits-next-leader-dof/ |archive-date=February 27, 2022}} were hampered by the COVID-19 pandemic, prompting quarantine measures and leading to an increase in unemployment.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Venzon |first=Cliff |date=May 29, 2020 |title=Philippines to ease lockdown as hunger and unemployment surge |work=Nikkei Asia |url=https://asia.nikkei.com/Spotlight/Coronavirus/Philippines-to-ease-lockdown-as-hunger-and-unemployment-surge |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200529010943/https://asia.nikkei.com/Spotlight/Coronavirus/Philippines-to-ease-lockdown-as-hunger-and-unemployment-surge |archive-date=May 29, 2020}}{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Vera |first=Ben O. de |date=September 9, 2021 |title=COVID-19 makes Duterte's 2022 poverty-reduction goal unachievable |language=en |newspaper=Philippine Daily Inquirer |url=https://business.inquirer.net/330388/covid-19-makes-dutertes-2022-poverty-reduction-goal-unachievable |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210909111014/https://business.inquirer.net/330388/covid-19-makes-dutertes-2022-poverty-reduction-goal-unachievable |archive-date=September 9, 2021}} During this time, the number of impoverished Filipinos rose from 22.26 million in 2019 to 26.14 million in early 2021. In June 2020, the administration began to ease lockdown to encourage economic activity, and address hunger and unemployment,{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Lopez |first=Virgil |date=June 22, 2020 |title=63% of employed Filipinos returned to work following eased restrictions - Duterte |language=en |work=GMA News Online |url=https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/money/economy/743724/63-of-employed-filipinos-returned-to-work-following-eased-restrictions-duterte/story/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200623040132/https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/money/economy/743724/63-of-employed-filipinos-returned-to-work-following-eased-restrictions-duterte/story/ |archive-date=June 23, 2020}} distributing cash aid to millions of poor and low-income families during the lockdowns.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Geducos |first=Argyll Cyrus |date=August 12, 2021 |title=Duterte OKs P3.4 B more for ECQ ayuda |work=Manila Bulletin |url=https://mb.com.ph/2021/08/12/duterte-oks-p3-4-b-more-for-ecq-ayuda/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210812063037/https://mb.com.ph/2021/08/12/duterte-oks-p3-4-b-more-for-ecq-ayuda/ |archive-date=August 12, 2021}}

On May 21, 2021, Duterte signed a law extending the electricity lifeline rates for the poor for 50 years.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Parrocha |first=Azer |date=May 31, 2021 |title=PRRD signs law extending electricity lifeline rate till 2051 |work=Philippine News Agency |url=https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1142121 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210601015008/https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1142121 |archive-date=June 1, 2021}}

==Family planning and child welfare==

As part of its 10-point socioeconomic agenda, the Duterte administration strengthened the 2012 Reproductive Health Law which had not yet been implemented due to a temporary restraining order issued by the Supreme Court. On January 9, 2017, Duterte signed an executive order providing funds and support for modern family planning, and ordered the full implementation of the law.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Viray |first=Patricia Lourdes |date=January 17, 2017 |title=Duterte signs EO to implement RH Law |work=The Philippine Star |url=https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2017/01/11/1661456/duterte-signs-eo-implement-rh-law |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180913192359/https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2017/01/11/1661456/duterte-signs-eo-implement-rh-law |archive-date=September 13, 2018}}{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Cabato |first=Regine |date=January 11, 2017 |title=Duterte orders full implementation of modern family planning by 2018 |work=CNN Philippines |url=https://www.cnnphilippines.com/news/2017/01/11/Duterte-EO-supporting-family-planning.html | url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170112174420/http://cnnphilippines.com/news/2017/01/11/Duterte-EO-supporting-family-planning.html |archive-date=January 12, 2017}}

Duterte enacted several laws protecting minors from abuse and exploitation.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Montemayor |first=Jocelyn |date=January 14, 2022 |title=Duterte signs law protecting rights of adopted children |work=Malaya |url=https://malaya.com.ph/news_news/duterte-signs-law-protecting-rights-of-adopted-children/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220307124210/https://malaya.com.ph/news_news/duterte-signs-law-protecting-rights-of-adopted-children/ |archive-date=March 7, 2022}}{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Parrocha |first=Azer |date=January 6, 2022 |title=Duterte signs law criminalizing child marriage |language=en |work=Philippine News Agency |url=https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1164695 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220106083017/https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1164695 |archive-date=January 6, 2022}} He signed laws that criminalized child marriage, raised the age of sexual consent from 12 to 16,{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Parrocha |first=Azer |date=March 7, 2022 |title=Duterte signs bill raising age of sexual consent to 16 |language=en |work=Philippine News Agency |url=https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1169147 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220307114928/https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1169147 |archive-date=March 7, 2022}} and required the government to provide special protection to children in armed conflict.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Parrocha |first=Azer |date=February 19, 2019 |title=Duterte signs law protecting children in armed conflict |language=en |work=Philippine News Agency |url=https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1062378 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190222135938/https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1062378 |archive-date=February 22, 2019}} In September 2019, he issued an executive order creating the National Council Against Child Labor.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Rocamora |first=Joyce Ann L. |date=September 27, 2019 |title=Duterte forms nat'l council vs. child labor |language=en |work=Philippine News Agency |url=https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1081673 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220324084746/https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1081673 |archive-date=March 24, 2022}} He signed a law in May 2022 promoting the rights of abandoned children with unknown parents and recognizing them as natural-born Filipino citizens.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last1=Gita-Carlos |first1=Ruth Abbey |last2=Bacelonia |first2=Wilnard |date=May 17, 2022 |title=PRRD signs law promoting foundlings' rights |language=en |work=Philippine News Agency |url=https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1174631 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220517073529/https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1174631 |archive-date=May 17, 2022}}

Duterte rejected abortion and suggested birth-control pills to prevent pregnancy.{{#invoke:Cite|news |date=March 11, 2017 |title=Duterte reiterates support for family planning but not abortion |work=ABS-CBN News |url=https://news.abs-cbn.com/news/03/11/17/duterte-reiterates-support-for-family-planning-but-not-abortion |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170311152918/https://news.abs-cbn.com/news/03/11/17/duterte-reiterates-support-for-family-planning-but-not-abortion |archive-date=March 11, 2017}} In January 2022, he signed a law simplifying the country's adoption process and establishing the National Authority for Child Care.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Parrocha |first=Azer |date=January 13, 2022 |title=Law simplifying adoption process for Filipino children inked |language=en |work=Philippine News Agency |url=https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1165335 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220113093626/https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1165335 |archive-date=January 13, 2022}}

==Gambling policy==

File:Republic Act No. 11590 (20210922-RA-11590-RRD).pdfs.{{cite news |last1=Gita-Carlos |first1=Ruth Abbey |title=Duterte signs law taxing POGOs |url=https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1154416 |work=Philippine News Agency |date=September 23, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210923145513/https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1154416 |archive-date=September 23, 2021}}]]

Duterte has expressed disdain for gambling. Early in his term, he announced his intention to stop all online gambling operations in the country.{{#invoke:Cite|news |date=December 22, 2016 |title=Philippine president Duterte says he will stop all online gambling |language=en |work=CNBC |agency=Reuters |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2016/12/22/philippine-president-duterte-says-he-will-stop-all-online-gambling.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161222201953/https://www.cnbc.com/2016/12/22/philippine-president-duterte-says-he-will-stop-all-online-gambling.html |archive-date=December 22, 2016}} In January 2018, he ordered the Philippine Amusement and Gaming Corporation (PAGCOR) to stop accepting new casino applications. In August that year, he dismissed the entire board of the Nayong Pilipino Foundation (NPF) for approving an onerous casino deal, ordering the Department of Justice to review the contract between the NPF and Chinese casino operator Landing Resorts Philippines Development Corp.; Duterte said the contract was disadvantageous to the government due to its low rental payments and lengthy lease.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last1=Aurelio |first1=Julie M. |last2=Pazzibugan |first2=Dona Z. |date=August 10, 2018 |title=Duterte 'hates gambling,' rules out new casinos |language=en |newspaper=Philippine Daily Inquirer |url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1019728/duterte-hates-gambling-rules-out-new-casinos |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180810111325/https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1019728/duterte-hates-gambling-rules-out-new-casinos |archive-date=August 10, 2018}}{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Musico |first=Jelly |date=August 8, 2018 |title=Duterte won't allow construction of new casinos |language=en |work=Philippine News Agency |url=https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1044226 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180808224643/https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1044226 |archive-date=August 8, 2018}}

Duterte declined China's request to ban Philippine Offshore Gaming Operators (POGOs), which flourished during his presidency, because of the industry's contribution to the economy.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Venzon |first=Cliff |date=September 4, 2019 |title=Defying China, Duterte decides to keep online gambling in Philippines |work=Nikkei Asia |url=https://asia.nikkei.com/Business/Media-Entertainment/Defying-China-Duterte-decides-to-keep-online-gambling-in-Philippines2 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190904204127/https://asia.nikkei.com/Business/Media-Entertainment/Defying-China-Duterte-decides-to-keep-online-gambling-in-Philippines2 |archive-date=September 4, 2019}}{{#invoke:Cite|news |date=September 5, 2019 |title=Duterte unwilling to ban online gambling despite China's request |language=en |work=South China Morning Post |agency=Reuters |url=https://www.scmp.com/news/asia/southeast-asia/article/3025770/rodrigo-duterte-unwilling-ban-online-gambling-despite |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190905012928/https://www.scmp.com/news/asia/southeast-asia/article/3025770/rodrigo-duterte-unwilling-ban-online-gambling-despite |archive-date=September 5, 2019}} During the COVID-19 pandemic, he allowed gambling operations in the country to raise COVID-19 response funds,{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Parrocha |first=Azer |date=July 7, 2021 |title=Online gambling allowed to boost Covid response funds: PRRD |language=en |work=Philippine News Agency |url=https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1146320 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210708032951/https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1146320 |archive-date=July 8, 2021}}{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Venzon |first=Cliff |date=August 27, 2021 |title=Duterte drops Boracay casino ban, opening door for Macao's Galaxy |work=Nikkei Asia |url=https://asia.nikkei.com/Business/Media-Entertainment/Duterte-drops-Boracay-casino-ban-opening-door-for-Macao-s-Galaxy |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210827081952/https://asia.nikkei.com/Business/Media-Entertainment/Duterte-drops-Boracay-casino-ban-opening-door-for-Macao-s-Galaxy |archive-date=August 27, 2021}} lifting the ban on casinos he imposed in 2018 on Boracay Island following the island's cleanup and initially{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Atienza |first=Kyle Aristophere T. |date=May 3, 2022 |title=Duterte stops e-sabong operations |work=BusinessWorld |url=https://www.bworldonline.com/top-stories/2022/05/04/446280/duterte-stops-e-sabong-operations/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220505105500/https://www.bworldonline.com/top-stories/2022/05/04/446280/duterte-stops-e-sabong-operations/ |archive-date=May 5, 2022}} rejecting calls to terminate e-sabong (online cockfighting) operations amid the disappearance of more than 30 cockfight enthusiasts.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Gita-Carlos |first=Ruth Abbey |date=March 16, 2022 |title=Duterte nixes calls to suspend e-sabong ops |language=en |work=Philippine News Agency |url=https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1169882 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220316043923/https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1169882 |archive-date=March 16, 2022}}{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Yang |first=Angelica Y. |date=April 8, 2022 |title=Duterte: E-sabong revenues needed since COVID-19 depleted other funds |work=The Philippine Star |url=https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2022/04/08/2173217/duterte-e-sabong-revenues-needed-covid-19-depleted-other-funds |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220408102620/https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2022/04/08/2173217/duterte-e-sabong-revenues-needed-covid-19-depleted-other-funds |archive-date=April 8, 2022}}

From 2016 through 2021, the PAGCOR earned {{Philippine peso}}373.33 billion in revenues, of which {{Philippine peso}}238.74 was remitted to the government; {{Philippine peso}}150.16 billion was remitted to the National Treasury and was used to fund the Universal Health Care Act, while {{Philippine peso}}360 million was remitted to the Dangerous Drugs Board.{{#invoke:Cite|news |date=June 16, 2022 |title=PAGCOR earns over P373 billion in the past six years; contributes P238.74 billion to nation-building |language=en |work=The Manila Times |url=https://www.manilatimes.net/2022/06/16/supplements/pagcor-earns-over-p373-billion-in-the-past-six-years-contributes-p23874-billion-to-nation-building/1847617 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220617130511/https://www.manilatimes.net/2022/06/16/supplements/pagcor-earns-over-p373-billion-in-the-past-six-years-contributes-p23874-billion-to-nation-building/1847617 |archive-date=June 17, 2022}}

==Revised water concession agreements==

In March 2019, a water shortage crisis severely affected Metro Manila, causing long queues to collect water rations.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Sabillo |first=Kristine |date=March 12, 2019 |title=EXPLAINER: Why is there a water shortage in Metro Manila? |work=ABS-CBN News |url=https://news.abs-cbn.com/news/03/12/19/explainer-why-is-there-a-water-shortage-in-metro-manila |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190312132657/https://news.abs-cbn.com/news/03/12/19/explainer-why-is-there-a-water-shortage-in-metro-manila |archive-date=March 12, 2019}} Duterte ordered the review of the 1997 water-concession agreements signed under the Ramos administration with private water companies Maynilad and Manila Water, saying the agreements were onerous to both the government and the public.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Aurelio |first=Julie M. |date=December 4, 2019 |title=Duterte threatens water execs, orders new deals |language=en |newspaper=Philippine Daily Inquirer |url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1197794/duterte-threatens-water-execs-orders-new-deals |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191203234502/https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1197794/duterte-threatens-water-execs-orders-new-deals |archive-date=December 3, 2019}} That November, a Singapore-based arbitration court in November 2019 ruled the government had to pay billions of pesos to both companies as compensation for losses from rejected water-rate hikes. Duterte refused to pay and threatened to sue the two firms for economic plunder.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Santos |first=Eimor |date=December 10, 2019 |title=Duterte warns of gov't takeover, warrantless arrests over water deals |work=CNN Philippines |url=https://www.cnnphilippines.com/news/2019/12/10/Duterte-Maynilad-Manila-Water-onerous-agreements.html | url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191210153704/https://www.cnnphilippines.com/news/2019/12/10/Duterte-Maynilad-Manila-Water-onerous-agreements.html |archive-date=December 10, 2019}} Following the Department of Justice's discovery of 12 "onerous provisions" that favored the companies, Duterte ordered Solicitor General Jose Calida and Finance secretary Carlos Dominguez III to write a new water-concession contract favorable to the public and the government, and ordered the two firms to accept or face expropriation. The two firms agreed to waive the {{Philippine peso|10.8 billion}} refund from the government,{{#invoke:Cite|news |last1=Joel |first1=San Juan |last2=Fernandez |first2=Butch |date=December 11, 2019 |title=Maynilad, Manila Water waive P10.8-billion awards |work=BusinessMirror |url=https://businessmirror.com.ph/2019/12/11/maynilad-manila-water-waive-p10-8-billion-awards/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191220061932/https://businessmirror.com.ph/2019/12/11/maynilad-manila-water-waive-p10-8-billion-awards/ |archive-date=December 20, 2019}}{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Santos |first=Eimor |date=December 11, 2019 |title=Manila Water admits Duterte's anger led to waiving of ₱7.4-B award |work=CNN Philippines |url=https://www.cnnphilippines.com/news/2019/12/11/duterte-manila-water-maynilad-contracts.html | url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191211155937/https://www.cnnphilippines.com/news/2019/12/11/duterte-manila-water-maynilad-contracts.html |archive-date=December 11, 2019}} and, in 2021, signed the revised agreement, which removed government non-interference clauses and the firms' authority to charge corporate income tax to consumers.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Geducos |first=Argyll Cyrus |date=April 5, 2021 |title=Gov't inks new concession agreement with Manila Water |work=Manila Bulletin |url=https://mb.com.ph/2021/04/05/govt-inks-new-concession-agreement-with-manila-water/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210405050840/https://mb.com.ph/2021/04/05/govt-inks-new-concession-agreement-with-manila-water/ |archive-date=April 5, 2021}}{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Añago |first=Bianca Angelica D. |date=May 19, 2021 |title=Maynilad, MWSS ink revised water concession agreement |work=BusinessWorld |url=https://www.bworldonline.com/top-stories/2021/05/19/369443/maynilad-mwss-ink-revised-water-concession-agreement/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220421220029/https://www.bworldonline.com/top-stories/2021/05/19/369443/maynilad-mwss-ink-revised-water-concession-agreement/ |archive-date=April 21, 2022}}

In January 2022, Duterte signed new franchises for Maynilad and Manila Water, allowing the firms to continue operating for another 25 years. Under the new franchise laws, the President is allowed to temporarily take over and operate the firms during a period of war, rebellion, calamity, emergency, and disaster.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Geducos |first=Argyll Cyrus |date=January 7, 2022 |title=Duterte signs into law new franchises for Maynilad, Manila Water |work=Manila Bulletin |url=https://mb.com.ph/2022/01/07/duterte-signs-into-law-new-franchises-for-maynilad-manila-water/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220107104024/https://mb.com.ph/2022/01/07/duterte-signs-into-law-new-franchises-for-maynilad-manila-water/ |archive-date=January 7, 2022}}

==Compensation and incentives==

Duterte approved, in January 2017, a {{Philippine peso}}1,000 increase in the Social Security System pension.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Flores |first=Mikhail |date=January 10, 2017 |title=Duterte approves costly pension hike |work=Nikkei Asia |url=https://asia.nikkei.com/Economy/Duterte-approves-costly-pension-hike2 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210216003538/https://asia.nikkei.com/Economy/Duterte-approves-costly-pension-hike2 |archive-date=February 16, 2021}} He signed legislation raising the old-age pension for living Filipino veterans of World War II, the Korean War, and the Vietnam War;{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Parrocha |first=Azer |date=January 10, 2019 |title=PRRD signs law hiking war veterans' monthly pension |language=en |work=Philippine News Agency |url=https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1058582 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190110192602/https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1058582 |archive-date=January 10, 2019}} providing incentives for Filipino scientists abroad to return and share their expertise;{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Musico |first=Jelly |date=June 22, 2018 |title=Duterte signs Balik Scientist Act to bolster research, dev't |language=en |work=Philippine News Agency |url=https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1039137 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180625122530/https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1039137 |archive-date=June 25, 2018}} granting tax-free compensation to Marawi Siege victims{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Fernandez |first=Daniza |date=April 27, 2022 |title=Duterte signs law compensating Marawi Siege victims |language=en |newspaper=Philippine Daily Inquirer |url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1588669/duterte-signs-law-compensating-marawi-siege-victims |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220427103703/https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1588669/duterte-signs-law-compensating-marawi-siege-victims |archive-date=April 27, 2022}} and mandatory, continued benefits to all frontline workers during public-health emergencies;{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Geducos |first=Argyll Cyrus |date=April 29, 2022 |title=Duterte signs law giving frontliners allowances, benefits during public health emergency |work=Manila Bulletin |url=https://mb.com.ph/2022/04/29/duterte-signs-law-giving-frontliners-allowances-benefits-during-public-health-emergency/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220429064859/https://mb.com.ph/2022/04/29/duterte-signs-law-giving-frontliners-allowances-benefits-during-public-health-emergency/ |archive-date=April 29, 2022}} granting benefits to the surviving spouse and children of deceased, retired prosecutors of the National Prosecution Service;{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Galvez |first=Daphne |date=January 13, 2022 |title=Duterte OKs survivorship benefits to kin of deceased retired prosecutors |language=en |newspaper=Philippine Daily Inquirer |url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1539918/duterte-oks-survivorship-benefits-to-kin-of-deceased-retired-prosecutors |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220113033303/https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1539918/duterte-oks-survivorship-benefits-to-kin-of-deceased-retired-prosecutors |archive-date=January 13, 2022}} and, strengthening the Sangguniang Kabataan and granting monthly honoraria to barangay youth-council officials.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Galvez |first=Daphne |date=May 17, 2022 |title=Duterte okays bill giving Sangguniang Kabataan officials monthly pay |language=en |newspaper=Philippine Daily Inquirer |url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1598840/duterte-okays-bill-giving-sangguniang-kabataan-officials-monthly-pay |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220517071253/https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1598840/duterte-okays-bill-giving-sangguniang-kabataan-officials-monthly-pay |archive-date=May 17, 2022}} He also signed executive orders granting monetary assistance to each CAFGU Active Auxiliary unit member in recognition for their contributions in the government's fight against insurgency and terrorism.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Musico |first=Jelly |date=December 10, 2018 |title=PRRD grants P7K monthly aid to CAFGU members |language=en |work=Philippine News Agency |url=https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1056258 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181214173749/https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1056258 |archive-date=December 14, 2018}}{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Mendez |first=Christina |date=November 15, 2019 |title=Duterte signs EO for financial grant to CAFGUs |work=The Philippine Star |url=https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2019/11/15/1969008/duterte-signs-eo-financial-grant-cafgus |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191114222207/https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2019/11/15/1969008/duterte-signs-eo-financial-grant-cafgus |archive-date=November 14, 2019}}

To decongest Metro Manila and promote development in other regions, Duterte issued an executive order institutionalizing the Balik Probinsya, Bagong Pag-asa Program, which provides incentives such as transportation, cash aid, skills training, and low-cost housing to qualifying people wishing to return to their provinces.{{#invoke:Cite|news |date=May 6, 2020 |title=Duterte approves 'Balik Probinsya' to help decongest Metro Manila amid crisis |work=CNN Philippines |url=https://www.cnnphilippines.com/news/2020/5/6/Duterte-approves-Balik-Probinsya-program.html | url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200506211301/https://www.cnnphilippines.com/news/2020/5/6/Duterte-approves-Balik-Probinsya-program.html |archive-date=May 6, 2020}}{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Kabagani |first=Lade Jean |date=March 15, 2022 |title=654 BP2 beneficiaries return to provinces since pandemic |language=en |work=Philippine News Agency |url=https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1169848 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220315104352/https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1169848 |archive-date=March 15, 2022}} In his last month in office, he doubled the cash incentives for Filipino medalists in the 31st Southeast Asian Games,{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Navarro |first=June |date=June 1, 2022 |title=Duterte doubles cash incentives for Filipino SEA Games medalists |language=en |newspaper=Philippine Daily Inquirer |url=https://sports.inquirer.net/465027/duterte-doubles-cash-incentives-for-filipino-sea-games-medalists |access-date=November 15, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220601123906/https://sports.inquirer.net/465027/duterte-doubles-cash-incentives-for-filipino-sea-games-medalists |archive-date=June 1, 2022}} and allowed a bill granting additional benefits and coverage to solo parents to lapse into law.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Parrocha |first=Azer |date=June 28, 2022 |title=Bill granting more benefits to solo parents lapses into law |language=en |work=Philippine News Agency |url=https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1177675 |access-date=June 28, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220628085753/https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1177675 |archive-date=June 28, 2022}}

=Space=

File:Republic Act No. 11363 (20190808-RA-11363-RRD).pdf.]]

Recognizing the "urgent need to create a coherent and unified strategy for space development and utilization to keep up with other nations", Duterte signed a law creating the Philippine Space Agency, to serve as the central government agency addressing national issues and activities related to space, science, and technology applications.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Parrocha |first=Azer |date=August 13, 2019 |title=Duterte signs law creating Philippine Space Agency |language=en |work=Philippine News Agency |url=https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1077724 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190813163739/https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1077724 |archive-date=August 13, 2019}}

The Department of Science and Technology, led by Secretary Fortunato de la Peña, in collaboration with Japanese institutions, launched three satellites into space under the STAMINA4Space program: the Maya-1 nanosatellite, on June 29, 2018; the Diwata-2 microsatellite, on October 29, 2018; and the Maya-2 nanosatellite, on February 21, 2021.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Luci-Atienza |first=Charissa |date=February 25, 2021 |title=How the Philippines' space program evolved: From late-comer to fast-learner |work=Manila Bulletin |url=https://mb.com.ph/2021/02/25/how-the-philippines-space-program-evolved-from-late-comer-to-fast-learner/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210225123855/https://mb.com.ph/2021/02/25/how-the-philippines-space-program-evolved-from-late-comer-to-fast-learner/ |archive-date=February 25, 2021}}

=Telecommunications=

{{See also|2018 Philippine third telecommunications provider bidding}}

In his fifth State of the Nation address in July 2020, Duterte warned the major telecommunications companies Globe Telecom and Smart Communications to improve their services by December or risk facing closure.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Parrocha |first=Azer |date=July 27, 2020 |title=Improve your services by December, PRRD to telcos |language=en |work=Philippine News Agency |url=https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1110261 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200926220950/https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1110261 |archive-date=September 26, 2020}}{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Cigaral |first=Ian Nicolas |date=July 27, 2020 |title=Duterte threatens telcos: Improve services by December or face expropriation |work=The Philippine Star |url=https://www.philstar.com/business/2020/07/27/2030984/duterte-threatens-telcos-improve-services-december-or-face-expropriation |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200727140116/https://www.philstar.com/business/2020/07/27/2030984/duterte-threatens-telcos-improve-services-december-or-face-expropriation |archive-date=July 27, 2020}} Duterte urged telecommunications firms to report local officials delaying the approval of permits for cell-site construction,{{#invoke:Cite|news |date=July 30, 2020 |title=Streamlined application rules as Duterte orders to fast-track cell site construction |work=CNN Philippines |url=https://www.cnnphilippines.com/news/2020/7/31/globe-smart-pldt-application-permit-dilg-duterte.html | url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200801130712/https://www.cnnphilippines.com/news/2020/7/31/globe-smart-pldt-application-permit-dilg-duterte.html |archive-date=August 1, 2020}} after the firms said red tape and non-standardized requirements made it difficult for them to build towers.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Romero |first=Alexis |date=October 6, 2020 |title=LGUs complying with Duterte's order to act on telco tower applications—Año |work=The Philippine Star |url=https://www.philstar.com/business/2020/10/06/2047649/lgus-complying-dutertes-order-act-telco-tower-applications-ao |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201107090744/https://www.philstar.com/business/2020/10/06/2047649/lgus-complying-dutertes-order-act-telco-tower-applications-ao |archive-date=November 7, 2020}} In compliance with Duterte's order, the Department of the Interior and Local Government simplified the application process for the construction of shared cellular sites, shortening it to 16 days;{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Caliwan |first=Christopher Lloyd |date=December 1, 2020 |title=LGUs approve 2.2K telco tower permits: DILG |language=en |work=Philippine News Agency |url=https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1123445 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201054800/https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1123445 |archive-date=December 1, 2020}} local government units also complied with Duterte's order. Globe Telecom and Smart Communications have since improved their services.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Rocamora |first=Joyce Ann L. |date=December 8, 2020 |title=Telcos able to improve services after Duterte warning: NTC |language=en |work=Philippine News Agency |url=https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1124155 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201209013821/https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1124155 |archive-date=December 9, 2020}} In February 2022, average fixed broadband download speeds rose from 7.91 Mbit/s to 82.61 Mbit/s, a 944% increase; average mobile internet speeds increased 467% at 42.22 Mbit/s from 7.44 Mbit/s since the start of the Duterte administration.{{#invoke:Cite|news |date=February 11, 2022 |title=Duterte policies move PH 113 spots up in the Speedtest Global Index |work=Manila Standard |url=https://manilastandard.net/spotlight/314206140/duterte-policies-move-ph-113-spots-up-in-the-speedtest-global-index.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220210182415/https://manilastandard.net/spotlight/314206140/duterte-policies-move-ph-113-spots-up-in-the-speedtest-global-index.html |archive-date=February 10, 2022}}

File:Duterte awards Mislatel CPCN.jpg to the Mislatel Consortium represented by businessman Dennis Uy (right) on July 8, 2019.]]

Duterte campaigned to break up the telecom duopoly of Globe and Smart due to the companies' poor mobile network services and internet speeds.{{#invoke:Cite|web|date=September 9, 2019 |title=The entrance of a third major telecoms provider set to break the duopoly in the Philippines |url=https://oxfordbusinessgroup.com/analysis/make-way-government-steps-break-duopoly-and-secure-another-major-telecoms-provider-country |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200611134628/https://oxfordbusinessgroup.com/analysis/make-way-government-steps-break-duopoly-and-secure-another-major-telecoms-provider-country |archive-date=June 11, 2020 |website=Oxford Business Group |language=en}}{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Nicolas |first=Jino |date=November 20, 2017 |title=Duterte: Telecom duopoly to end |work=BusinessWorld |url=https://www.bworldonline.com/duterte-telecom-duopoly-end/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171124021143/https://www.bworldonline.com/duterte-telecom-duopoly-end/ |archive-date=November 24, 2017}} Bidding was held in November 2018 to determine a third major telecommunications provider in the country; Dito Telecommunity, which was then known as Mislatel Consortium, provisionally won the bid on November 7.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Pateña |first=Aerol John |date=November 7, 2018 |title=Mislatel Consortium selected as provisional 3rd telco player |language=en |work=Philippine News Agency |url=https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1053240 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181111090210/https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1053240 |archive-date=November 11, 2018}} Duterte formally awarded the company its certificate of public convenience and necessity in July 2019.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Parrocha |first=Azer |date=July 8, 2019 |title=PRRD hands Mislatel Consortium permit to operate as 3rd telco |language=en |work=Philippine News Agency |url=https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1074398 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190708152418/https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1074398 |archive-date=July 8, 2019}} On March 9, 2021, Dito Telecommunity began commercial operations, becoming the Philippines' third telecommunications company,{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Camu |first=Miguel R. |date=March 9, 2021 |title=Dito makes its debut as 3rd telco, launches in Cebu, Davao |language=en |newspaper=Philippine Daily Inquirer |url=https://business.inquirer.net/319148/dito-makes-its-debut-as-3rd-telco-launches-in-cebu-davao |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210309064144/https://business.inquirer.net/319148/dito-makes-its-debut-as-3rd-telco-launches-in-cebu-davao |archive-date=March 9, 2021}} and soon received a 25-year franchise.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Aguilar |first=Krissy |date=May 18, 2021 |title=Duterte grants 3rd telco Dito Telecommunity a 25-year franchise |language=en |newspaper=Philippine Daily Inquirer |url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1433307/duterte-grants-3rd-telco-dito-telecommunity-a-25-year-franchise |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210518080644/https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1433307/duterte-grants-3rd-telco-dito-telecommunity-a-25-year-franchise |archive-date=May 18, 2021}}

In March 2017, Duterte approved the National Broadband Program (NBP) that was developed by the Department of Information and Communications Technology (DICT).{{#invoke:Cite|news |date=March 6, 2017 |title=Cabinet secretary: Duterte approves national broadband program |work=CNN Philippines |url=https://www.cnnphilippines.com/news/2017/03/06/duterte-approves-national-broadband-program.html | url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170306184201/https://www.cnnphilippines.com/news/2017/03/06/duterte-approves-national-broadband-program.html |archive-date=March 6, 2017}} Despite a small budget,{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Nepomuceno |first=Priam |date=March 4, 2022 |title=More onsite work OK but internet services must be improved |language=en |work=Philippine News Agency |url=https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1169018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220305144800/https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1169018 |archive-date=March 5, 2022 |quote=The Philippines’ National Broadband Plan was developed by the Department of Information and Communications Technology (DICT) and approved by President Duterte in 2017, aimed at addressing the clamor for universal, faster, and affordable Internet access among the public. However, challenges in budget allocation hampered its full implementation. For its budget in 2021, the DICT had asked the government PHP13.4 billion for the implementation of the program but it only received P1.9 billion.}} the DICT and the Bases Conversion and Development Authority completed the Luzon Bypass Infrastructure, an ultra-high-speed system for international submarine cables that avoided the earthquake-prone Luzon Strait.{{#invoke:Cite|web|date=December 12, 2017 |title=Luzon Bypass Infrastructure; Executive Summary |url=https://www.unescap.org/sites/default/files/Luzon%20Bypass%20Infrastructure%2C%20Philippines.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180516133200/https://www.unescap.org/sites/default/files/Luzon%20Bypass%20Infrastructure%2C%20Philippines.pdf |archive-date=May 16, 2018 |website=United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific |publisher=Department of Information and Communications Technology |page=10}}{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Ayeng |first=Raffy |date=April 12, 2022 |title=BCDA: Taiwanese must consider Poro Point |work=Daily Tribune |url=https://tribune.net.ph/index.php/2022/04/12/bcda-taiwanese-must-consider-poro-point/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220411235658/https://tribune.net.ph/index.php/2022/04/12/bcda-taiwanese-must-consider-poro-point/ |archive-date=April 11, 2022}}

Duterte and his administration were embroiled in controversy following the cessation of TV and radio broadcast operations of ABS-CBN, the largest media network in the country. Duterte expressed displeasure at the media network following its failure to air his political advertisements for which his 2016 election campaign had paid; during the same period, the network aired Senator Antonio Trillanes' advertisements, showing clips of Duterte speaking about issues of rape and murder.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Gomez |first=Carla |date=July 18, 2020 |title=Church leaders in Bacolod condemn non-renewal of ABS-CBN's franchise |language=en |newspaper=Philippine Daily Inquirer |url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1308678/church-leaders-in-bacolod-condemn-non-renewal-of-abs-cbns-franchise |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200718123826/https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1308678/church-leaders-in-bacolod-condemn-non-renewal-of-abs-cbns-franchise |archive-date=July 18, 2020}} Duterte said he would not allow the National Telecommunications Commission (NTC) to grant ABS-CBN a permit unless the firm paid its alleged tax debt.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Gita-Carlos |first=Ruth Abbey |date=March 6, 2021 |title=Duterte says ABS-CBN franchise renewal bid 'piece of garbage' |language=en |work=Philippine News Agency |url=https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1132769 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210306071006/https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1132769 |archive-date=March 6, 2021}} In February 2020, a few months before its legislative franchise expired, ABS-CBN president and CEO Carlo Katigbak issued an apology to Duterte for failing to air his political advertisements, offering to return the remaining {{Philippine peso}}2.6 million in advertisement funds. Duterte accepted the apology and declined the refund, and distanced himself from the franchise-renewal issue, saying he had no control over the House of Representatives or Solicitor General Jose Calida, who earlier filed a quo warranto petition before the Supreme Court, seeking to invalidate ABS-CBN's franchise due to an alleged violation of the 1987 Constitution regarding foreign ownership.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Gita-Carlos |first=Ruth Abbey |date=February 26, 2020 |title=Duterte accepts ABS-CBN apology, distances from franchise issue |language=en |work=Philippine News Agency |url=https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1094943 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200717160209/https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1094943 |archive-date=July 17, 2020}} Following the expiry of its legislative franchise on May 4, ABS-CBN ceased its broadcast operations; the following day, the NTC issued a cease-and-desist order.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Mercado |first=Neil Arwin |date=May 5, 2020 |title=NTC orders ABS-CBN to stop broadcast operations |language=en |newspaper=Philippine Daily Inquirer |url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1270074/ntc-issues-cease-and-desist-order-vs-abs-cbn |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200506221228/https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1270074/ntc-issues-cease-and-desist-order-vs-abs-cbn |archive-date=May 6, 2020}} On July 10, the House Committee on Legislative Franchises, in a 70-to-11 vote, declined the media network's application for a new 25-year franchise, citing issues with the dual citizenship of its chairman emeritus Eugenio Lopez III, a possible violation of constitutional limits on foreign ownership, reported tax and labor violations, and allegations of biased reporting and political meddling.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Cervantes |first=Filane Mikee |date=July 10, 2020 |title=Several issues led to denial of ABS-CBN franchise bid: House body |work=Philippine News Agency |url=https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1108624 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200710110942/https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1108624 |archive-date=July 10, 2020}} Opposition politicians, media groups,{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Jazul |first=Noreen |date=July 13, 2020 |title=Media groups condemn rejection of ABS-CBN franchise renewal |work=Manila Bulletin |url=https://mb.com.ph/2020/07/13/media-groups-condemn-rejection-of-abs-cbn-franchise-renewal/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220714124556/https://mb.com.ph/2020/07/13/media-groups-condemn-rejection-of-abs-cbn-franchise-renewal/ |archive-date=July 14, 2022}} academic institutions,{{#invoke:Cite|news |last1=Bajo |first1=Anna Felicia |last2=Casilao |first2=Joahna Lei |date=May 6, 2020 |title=Universities, academic departments condemn shutdown order vs. ABS-CBN |language=en |work=GMA News Online |url=https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/topstories/nation/737088/ust-shutdown-order-vs-abs-cbn-a-clear-disservice-to-filipinos/story/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220714122437/https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/topstories/nation/737088/ust-shutdown-order-vs-abs-cbn-a-clear-disservice-to-filipinos/story/ |archive-date=July 14, 2022}} and religious leaders condemned the broadcast shutdown and the franchise-renewal denial.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Alba |first=Katrina Elaine |date=July 10, 2020 |title='MANININGIL ANG KASAYSAYAN'; Opposition lawmakers condemn ABS-CBN franchise non-renewal |language=en, fil |work=News5 |url=https://news.tv5.com.ph/breaking/read/maniningil-ang-kasaysayan-opposition-lawmakers-condemn-abs-cbn-franchise-non-renewal |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200808154948/https://news.tv5.com.ph/breaking/read/maniningil-ang-kasaysayan-opposition-lawmakers-condemn-abs-cbn-franchise-non-renewal |archive-date=August 8, 2020}} Calida called the cease-and-desist order "a triumph of the rule of law".

Duterte signed laws requiring the government to provide free internet access in public places{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Corrales |first=Nestor |date=August 2, 2017 |title=Duterte signs law giving free internet access in public places |language=en |newspaper=Philippine Daily Inquirer |url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/919860/duterte-signs-law-giving-free-internet-access-in-public-places |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170802172315/https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/919860/duterte-signs-law-giving-free-internet-access-in-public-places |archive-date=August 2, 2017}} and allowing mobile users to permanently keep their numbers.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Parrocha |first=Azer |date=February 19, 2019 |title=PRRD signs law making mobile numbers 'portable' |language=en |work=Philippine News Agency |url=https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1062349 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190222154226/https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1062349 |archive-date=February 22, 2019}} In March 2021, to improve internet access, he issued an executive order granting telecommunication companies access to satellite services.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Parrocha |first=Azer |date=March 11, 2022 |title=Duterte signs EO allowing inclusive access to satellite services |language=en |work=Philippine News Agency |url=https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1133356 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210314193543/https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1133356 |archive-date=March 14, 2021}} By March 2022, 7,977 WiFi operational sites in public areas nationwide were established under the Free WiFi for All program while the completion rate of the first phase of the NBP was at 73.5%.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Marasigan |first=Lorenz S. |date=May 30, 2022 |title=Sadain highlights Duterte administration's achievements under BBB program |work=BusinessMirror |url=https://businessmirror.com.ph/2022/05/30/sadain-highlights-duterte-administrations-achievements-under-bbb-program/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220530153715/https://businessmirror.com.ph/2022/05/30/sadain-highlights-duterte-administrations-achievements-under-bbb-program/ |archive-date=May 30, 2022}} Shortly before Duterte's term ended, his administration swiftly approved Starlink's application to provide satellite internet access in the country to address connectivity issues in unserved or underserved areas.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Hilotin |first=Jay |date=May 27, 2022 |title=Approved in 30 minutes: Elon Musk's Starlink gets Duterte government's OK |language=en |work=Gulf News |url=https://gulfnews.com/business/markets/approved-in-30-minutes-elon-musks-starlink-gets-duterte-governments-ok-1.1653640871007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220527123209/https://gulfnews.com/business/markets/approved-in-30-minutes-elon-musks-starlink-gets-duterte-governments-ok-1.1653640871007 |archive-date=May 27, 2022}}

=Tourism development=

{{main|Tourism in the Philippines#Government initiatives since 2018}}

=Transportation=

File:President Rodrigo Roa Duterte leads the unveiling of the Ormoc City Airport’s marker (07).jpg.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Abella |first=Lizbeth Ann |date=July 6, 2019 |title=Duterte inaugurates upgraded Ormoc Airport |language=en |work=Philippine News Agency |url=https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1074261 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220819133839/https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1074261 |archive-date=August 19, 2022}}]]

In June 2017, the Duterte administration launched a program to modernize the country's public transport system.{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=PUV Modernization |url=https://ltfrb.gov.ph/?page_id=3191 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220325103449/https://ltfrb.gov.ph/?page_id=3191 |archive-date=March 25, 2022 |website=Land Transportation Franchising and Regulatory Board}} The program phased out 15-year-old and older jeepneys and other public utility vehicles (PUVs), required PUVs to have at least a Euro4-compliant engine or electric engine to lessen pollution,{{Cite journal |date=August 1, 2018 |title=Taking the high road |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6gyQDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA20 |journal=LEAGUE Magazine |language=en |publisher=The League Publishing Company, Inc. |issue=August–September 2018 Issue: The Local Government Unit Magazine |page=20}} and encouraged PUV operators with existing franchises to consolidate into a single legal group of at least 15 units.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Dela Cruz |first=Raymond Carl |date=May 12, 2021 |title=Consolidated franchises under PUV modernization now 95K |language=en |work=Philippine News Agency |url=https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1140020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210512101632/https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1140020 |archive-date=May 12, 2021}}{{#invoke:Cite|news |date=February 2, 2021 |title=PUV modernization rules eased |work=Malaya |url=https://malaya.com.ph/news_business/puv-modernization-rules-eased/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221024220358/https://malaya.com.ph/news_business/puv-modernization-rules-eased/?amp |archive-date=October 24, 2022}} Another program launched in June 2019 provided scholarships and training to public-transport drivers.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Pateña |first=Aerol John |date=June 28, 2019 |title=DOTr, TESDA launch 'Tsuper Iskolar' in Metro Manila |language=en |work=Philippine News Agency |url=https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1073603 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220405102455/https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1073603 |archive-date=April 5, 2022}}{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Marasigan |first=Lorenz S. |date=September 29, 2021 |title=3,077 graduates under DOTr's Tsuper Iskolar program find jobs |work=BusinessMirror |url=https://businessmirror.com.ph/2021/09/29/3077-graduates-under-dotrs-tsuper-iskolar-program-find-jobs/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210929013230/https://businessmirror.com.ph/2021/09/29/3077-graduates-under-dotrs-tsuper-iskolar-program-find-jobs/ |archive-date=September 29, 2021}}

Duterte campaigned to solve the long-standing traffic problem in Metro Manila, particularly in EDSA,{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Romero |first=Alexis |date=February 25, 2019 |title=Duterte: I've delivered on all my promises |work=The Philippine Star |agency=Agence France-Presse |url=https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2019/02/25/1896529/duterte-ive-delivered-all-my-promises |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220505093126/https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2019/02/25/1896529/duterte-ive-delivered-all-my-promises |archive-date=May 5, 2022}} but later abandoned it after a bill granting him emergency powers allowing him to bypass bidding procedures and hasten the resolution of right-of-way issues did not progress in the Senate.{{#invoke:Cite|news |date=September 11, 2019 |title=Duterte: I won't beg for emergency powers to fix traffic in Metro Manila |work=CNN Philippines |url=https://www.cnnphilippines.com/news/2019/9/11/Duterte-say-no-pleading-emergency-powers-to-solve-traffic.html | url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190911213423/https://www.cnnphilippines.com/news/2019/9/11/Duterte-say-no-pleading-emergency-powers-to-solve-traffic.html |archive-date=September 11, 2019}}{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Esguerra |first=Darryl John |date=September 11, 2019 |title=Metro Manila traffic is Poe's 'legacy,' says Duterte |language=en |newspaper=Philippine Daily Inquirer |url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1163218/metro-manila-traffic-is-poes-legacy-says-duterte |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190910233433/https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1163218/metro-manila-traffic-is-poes-legacy-says-duterte |archive-date=September 10, 2019}}{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Regalado |first=Edith |date=September 13, 2018 |title=Duterte gives up on EDSA traffic, blames Congress |work=The Philippine Star |url=https://www.philstar.com/nation/2018/09/13/1850977/duterte-gives-edsa-traffic-blames-congress |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180919102235/https://www.philstar.com/nation/2018/09/13/1850977/duterte-gives-edsa-traffic-blames-congress |archive-date=September 19, 2018}}

In his fourth State of the Nation Address in July 2019, Duterte ordered the clearing of obstructions on public roads, instructing Department of the Interior and Local Government secretary Eduardo Año to suspend mayors and governors who failed to comply.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Corrales |first=Nestor |date=July 22, 2019 |title=Duterte orders Año: Suspend mayors, governors refusing to clear public roads |language=en |newspaper=Philippine Daily Inquirer |url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1144974/duterte-orders-ano-suspend-mayors-governors-refusing-to-clear-public-roads |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190722131053/https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1144974/duterte-orders-ano-suspend-mayors-governors-refusing-to-clear-public-roads |archive-date=July 22, 2019}} Año gave mayors 60 days to clear illegal obstructions and illegally parked vehicles from all public roads and sidewalks.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Subingsubing |first=Krixia |date=July 26, 2019 |title=Mayors told: Clear roads in 60 days |language=en |newspaper=Philippine Daily Inquirer |url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1146523/mayors-told-clear-roads-in-60-days |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190725230905/https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1146523/mayors-told-clear-roads-in-60-days |archive-date=July 25, 2019}} In October 2019, Año said: "based on the report from 1,246 LGUs, 6,899 roads around the country were cleared through the cooperation of the provincial, city and municipal governments"; 97 local government units failed to comply with Duterte's order and were given five days to explain their non-compliance.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Dava |first=Bianca |date=October 11, 2019 |title=97 LGUs fail to meet Duterte's road clearing deadline |work=ABS-CBN News |url=https://news.abs-cbn.com/news/10/11/19/97-lgus-fail-to-meet-dutertes-road-clearing-deadline |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191011101436/https://news.abs-cbn.com/news/10/11/19/97-lgus-fail-to-meet-dutertes-road-clearing-deadline |archive-date=October 11, 2019}}

The DOTr created protected bike lanes in major metropolises; by the end of Duterte's term in office, {{convert|563|km|abbr=on}} of bike lane networks had been completed in Metro Manila, Metro Cebu, and Metro Davao.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Manahan |first=Job |date=May 30, 2022 |title='We delivered': Tugade touts airport, railway rehab under Duterte administration |work=ABS-CBN News |url=https://news.abs-cbn.com/business/05/30/22/tugade-ph-transportation-improved-under-duterte |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220530115213/https://news.abs-cbn.com/business/05/30/22/tugade-ph-transportation-improved-under-duterte |archive-date=May 30, 2022}}{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Rey |first=Aika |date=June 30, 2021 |title=DOTr's 500-km bike lane network completed |work=Rappler |url=https://www.rappler.com/business/dotr-bike-lane-network-completed-june-2021/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210630112337/https://www.rappler.com/business/dotr-bike-lane-network-completed-june-2021/ |archive-date=June 30, 2021}} Duterte extended the validity of driver's licenses from three years to five{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Marcelo |first=Ver |date=August 2, 2017 |title=Duterte signs law extending driver's license validity to 5 years |work=CNN Philippines |url=https://www.cnnphilippines.com/news/2017/08/02/duterte-drivers-license-law-five-years.html | url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170802140837/https://www.cnnphilippines.com/news/2017/08/02/duterte-drivers-license-law-five-years.html |archive-date=August 2, 2017}} and granted students riding PUVs a 20% fare discount.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Parrocha |first=Azer |date=July 15, 2019 |title=PRRD signs law granting 20% fare discount to students |language=en |work=Philippine News Agency |url=https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1075007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220402111658/https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1075007 |archive-date=April 2, 2022}} In April 2022, he allowed a bill regulating and developing the Philippines' electric vehicle industry to lapse into law.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Gita-Carlos |first=Ruth Abbey |date=April 26, 2022 |title=Bills regulating vintage, electric vehicles lapse into law |language=en |work=Philippine News Agency |url=https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1173013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220427104222/https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1173013 |archive-date=April 27, 2022}} By 2022, under Duterte's Build! Build! Build! program,{{#invoke:Cite|web|date=June 27, 2018 |title=The Philippine government launches infrastructure programme to improve the country's transport network |url=https://oxfordbusinessgroup.com/overview/moving-ahead-infrastructure-programme-has-been-initiated-expand-roads-railways-and-ports |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190521180802/https://oxfordbusinessgroup.com/overview/moving-ahead-infrastructure-programme-has-been-initiated-expand-roads-railways-and-ports |archive-date=May 21, 2019 |website=Oxford Business Group |language=en}} {{convert|40080|km|abbr=on}} of roads and 6,854 bridges had been constructed, maintained, or upgraded; 579 commercial and social tourism ports had been developed; and 248 airport projects were completed.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Ortega |first=Angelika |date=June 15, 2022 |title=Highlights of the Duterte administration |language=en |newspaper=Philippine Daily Inquirer |url=https://business.inquirer.net/350472/highlights-of-the-duterte-administration |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220614210448/https://business.inquirer.net/350472/highlights-of-the-duterte-administration |archive-date=June 14, 2022}}{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Abadilla |first=Emmie V. |date=May 2, 2022 |title=DOTr completes 246 airport projects |work=Manila Bulletin |url=https://mb.com.ph/2022/05/02/dotr-completes-246-airport-projects/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220502080733/https://mb.com.ph/2022/05/02/dotr-completes-246-airport-projects/ |archive-date=May 2, 2022}}

=Other initiatives=

==Burial of Ferdinand Marcos==

File:0040jfVigils demonstrations Media coverages Ferdinand Edralin Marcos Burial Cases Judgmentfvf 02.jpg of late dictator Ferdinand Marcos at the Libingan ng mga Bayani]]

In 2016, Duterte said dictator Ferdinand Marcos's remains would be moved and interred at Libingan ng mga Bayani (Heroes' Cemetery), calling him a president, soldier, and hero.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last1=Mogato |first1=Manuel |last2=Roche |first2=Andrew |date=May 23, 2016 |title=Philippines' Duterte to allow burial of Marcos at heroes' cemetery |language=en |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-philippines-politics-marcos-idUSKCN0YE1YY |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160524144522/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-philippines-politics-marcos-idUSKCN0YE1YY |archive-date=May 24, 2016}}{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Nicolas |first=Fiona |date=August 17, 2016 |title=Duterte defends hero's burial for Marcos: A matter of enforcing the law |work=CNN Philippines |url=https://www.cnnphilippines.com/news/2016/08/18/duterte-defends-marcos-heros-burial-libingan-ng-mga-bayani-enforcing-law.html | url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160818172638/http://cnnphilippines.com/news/2016/08/18/duterte-defends-marcos-heros-burial-libingan-ng-mga-bayani-enforcing-law.html |archive-date=August 18, 2016}} On November 18, 2016, Marcos was buried with full military honors at Heroes' Cemetery after the Supreme Court issued a verdict permitting it.{{#invoke:Cite|news |date=November 18, 2016 |title=Marcos buried at Libingan ng mga Bayani |work=Rappler |agency=Agence France-Presse |url=https://www.rappler.com/nation/152813-ferdinand-marcos-heroes-burial |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161118101237/https://www.rappler.com/nation/152813-ferdinand-marcos-heroes-burial |archive-date=November 18, 2016}} The burial provoked national outrage, especially among those who had suffered human rights abuses under the Marcos regime; protests were continuously held from November 18 to 30.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last1=Pasion |first1=Patty |last2=Espina |first2=Marchel |last3=Fabro |first3=Keith Anthony S. |date=November 18, 2016 |title=Post-Marcos burial rage: Rallies to go on until Nov 30 |work=Rappler |url=https://www.rappler.com/nation/152889-protesters-sustain-rallies-heroes-day |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161119020146/https://www.rappler.com/nation/152889-protesters-sustain-rallies-heroes-day |archive-date=November 19, 2016}} Vice President Leni Robredo criticized the burial while Duterte expressed hope people could "find space in their hearts to forgive and set free those who have hurt or injured them".{{#invoke:Cite|news |last1=McKirdy |first1=Euan |last2=Quiano |first2=Kathy |last3=Bernal |first3=Buena |date=November 18, 2016 |title=Former Philippines dictator Ferdinand Marcos buried in Heroes' cemetery |work=CNN |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2016/11/17/asia/philippines-marcos-burial-heroes-cemetery/index.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161119023253/http://edition.cnn.com/2016/11/17/asia/philippines-marcos-burial-heroes-cemetery/index.html |archive-date=November 19, 2016}}

==Administrative division changes==

In 2017, citing the need to prioritize funds for government programs and projects, Duterte revoked the 2015 executive order issued by President Aquino III creating Negros Island Region, effectively reverting Negros Occidental and the city of Bacolod to Region VI, and Negros Oriental to Region VII.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Reganit |first=Jose Cielito |date=August 9, 2017 |title=Duterte abolishes Negros Island Region |work=Philippine News Agency |url=https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1005417 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170812002824/https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1005417 |archive-date=August 12, 2017}} In April 2019, he signed a law dividing Palawan province into three new provinces; Palawan del Norte, Palawan del Sur, and Palawan Oriental;{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Cigaral |first=Ian Nicolas |date=April 13, 2019 |title=Duterte signs law dividing Palawan into 3 provinces |work=The Philippine Star |url=https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2019/04/13/1909731/duterte-signs-law-dividing-palawan-3-provinces |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190413124709/https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2019/04/13/1909731/duterte-signs-law-dividing-palawan-3-provinces |archive-date=April 13, 2019}} the law failed to gain a majority of votes in a plebiscite.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Peralta |first=Janine |date=March 16, 2021 |title=Palawan residents vote 'No' to division of province into three |work=CNN Philippines |url=https://www.cnnphilippines.com/regional/2021/3/16/Palawan-plebiscite-results.html | url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210316104238/https://www.cnnphilippines.com/regional/2021/3/16/Palawan-plebiscite-results.html |archive-date=March 16, 2021}} A law he signed dividing Maguindanao into Maguindanao del Norte and Maguindanao del Sur provinces{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Parrocha |first=Azer |date=May 27, 2021 |title=Duterte signs law dividing Maguindanao into 2 provinces |language=en |work=Philippine News Agency |url=https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1141675 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210528001127/https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1141675 |archive-date=May 28, 2021}} was ratified in a plebiscite on September 17, 2022.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Fernandez |first=Edwin |date=June 24, 2022 |title=Referendum set to split Maguindanao province |language=en |work=Philippine News Agency |url=https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1177453 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220624103802/https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1177453 |archive-date=June 24, 2022}} In April 2019, Duterte signed a law renaming Compostela Valley to Davao de Oro,{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Parrocha |first=Azer |date=May 23, 2019 |title=PRRD signs law renaming Compostela Valley to Davao de Oro |language=en |work=Philippine News Agency |url=https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1070590 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190523225240/https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1070590 |archive-date=May 23, 2019}} a change that was overwhelmingly supported in a plebiscite.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Tomacruz |first=Sofia |date=December 9, 2019 |title=Compostela Valley votes to rename itself Davao de Oro |work=Rappler |url=https://www.rappler.com/nation/246838-compostela-valley-votes-rename-itself-davao-de-oro/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191209184913/https://www.rappler.com/nation/246838-compostela-valley-votes-rename-itself-davao-de-oro/ |archive-date=December 9, 2019}}

Duterte signed a law amending the Local Government Code of 1991, easing conversion of municipalities to component cities on the conditions the municipality earns {{Philippine peso|100}} million for two consecutive years and has either a land area of at least {{convert|100|km2|abbr=on}} or a population of at least 150,000.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Bacelonia |first=Wilnard |date=May 1, 2022 |title=New law eases conversion of towns into cities |language=en |work=Philippine News Agency |url=https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1173406 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220501091223/https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1173406 |archive-date=May 1, 2022}}

Foreign affairs

{{see also|List of international presidential trips made by Rodrigo Duterte}}

File:Duterte foreign trips.png made by Duterte as president]]

File:The Prime Minister, Shri Narendra Modi meeting the President of Philippines, Mr. Rodrigo Duterte, in Manila, Philippines on November 13, 2017.jpg in Manila, November 2017]]

The Duterte administration's foreign policy rhetorically espoused diplomacy and independence from foreign interference.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Aben |first=Ellie |date=September 2, 2018 |title='A friend to all,' says Duterte ahead of landmark Mideast visit |language=en |work=Arab News |url=https://www.arabnews.com/node/1365591/middle-east |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180903064457/https://www.arabnews.com/node/1365591/middle-east |archive-date=September 3, 2018}}{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Parrocha |first=Azer |date=August 4, 2020 |title=Duterte stance remains 'friend to all, enemy to none' |language=en |work=Philippine News Agency |url=https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1111152 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200902102717/https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1111152 |archive-date=September 2, 2020}}{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Nawal |first=Allan |date=September 10, 2016 |title=Duterte: Gov't to pursue 'independent foreign policy' |language=en |newspaper=Philippine Daily Inquirer |url=https://globalnation.inquirer.net/144563/duterte-govt-to-pursue-independent-foreign-policy |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160911174518/https://globalnation.inquirer.net/144563/duterte-govt-to-pursue-independent-foreign-policy |archive-date=September 11, 2016}} During his first year in office, Duterte made 21 international trips,{{Cite journal |last=Credo |first=Jeremie P. |date=September 2017 |title=Understanding the Strategic Importance of Duterte's Foreign Trips |url=https://fsi.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/Vol-IV-No-22-Understanding-the-Strategic-Importance-of-Duterte%E2%80%99s-Foreign-Trips-Credo.pdf |journal=CIRSS Commentaries |publisher=Center for International Relations and Strategic Studies |volume=IV |page=1 |issn=2423-2920 |access-date=January 12, 2023 |archive-date=November 1, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191101064123/http://www.fsi.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/Vol-IV-No-22-Understanding-the-Strategic-Importance-of-Duterte%E2%80%99s-Foreign-Trips-Credo.pdf |url-status=dead }} which included seven state visits and four summit meetings.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Corrales |first=Nestor |date=January 8, 2023 |title=Davos will be Marcos' 8th foreign trip in under 7 months |language=en |newspaper=Philippine Daily Inquirer |url=https://globalnation.inquirer.net/209556/davos-will-be-marcos-8th-foreign-trip-in-under-7-months |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230107221154/https://globalnation.inquirer.net/209556/davos-will-be-marcos-8th-foreign-trip-in-under-7-months |archive-date=January 7, 2023 |quote=Marcos’ predecessor, Rodrigo Duterte, so far remains the most traveled president in his first year in office, with 21 foreign trips, including seven state visits and attendance at four summits.}}

=ASEAN=

File:ASEAN heads of states holding hands 090716.jpg and its nearby countries hold hands as a symbol of unity in Vientiane, Laos, September 7, 2016.]]

Duterte placed great importance on the Philippines' diplomatic relations with its Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) neighbors. Following tradition, his first trips outside the country were to Laos on September 7, 2016, for the 49th ASEAN Leaders Summit,{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Regalado |first=Edith |date=September 5, 2016 |title=Duterte off to Laos for Asean Summit |work=The Philippine Star |url=https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2016/09/05/1620632/duterte-laos-asean-summit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160911161230/http://www.philstar.com:80/headlines/2016/09/05/1620632/duterte-laos-asean-summit |archive-date=September 11, 2016}} Indonesia on September 9,{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Cabacungan |first=Gil |date=September 9, 2016 |title=Duterte, Widodo agree on case of Indonesians with PH passports |newspaper=Philippine Daily Inquirer |url=https://globalnation.inquirer.net/144515/duterte-widodo-agree-on-case-of-indonesians-with-ph-passports |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200811042704/https://globalnation.inquirer.net/144515/duterte-widodo-agree-on-case-of-indonesians-with-ph-passports |archive-date=August 11, 2020}} Vietnam on September 29,{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Nawal |first=Allan |date=September 30, 2016 |title=PH, Vietnam reaffirm maritime, security ties in Duterte visit |newspaper=Philippine Daily Inquirer |url=https://globalnation.inquirer.net/145833/ph-vietnam-reaffirm-maritime-security-cooperation-in-duterte-visit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161001145329/https://globalnation.inquirer.net/145833/ph-vietnam-reaffirm-maritime-security-cooperation-in-duterte-visit |archive-date=October 1, 2016}} Malaysia on November 9,{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Corrales |first=Nestor |date=November 9, 2016 |title=Duterte arrives in Kuala Lumpur |newspaper=Philippine Daily Inquirer |url=https://globalnation.inquirer.net/149282/duterte-arrives-in-kuala-lumpur |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161110145808/http://globalnation.inquirer.net/149282/duterte-arrives-in-kuala-lumpur |archive-date=November 10, 2016}} Cambodia on December 13,{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Salaverria |first=Leila B. |date=December 13, 2016 |title=Duterte arrives in Cambodia |newspaper=Philippine Daily Inquirer |url=https://globalnation.inquirer.net/150585/duterte-arrives-cambodia |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161214165441/https://globalnation.inquirer.net/150585/duterte-arrives-cambodia |archive-date=December 14, 2016}} Singapore on December 15,{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Andrade |first=Jeannette I. |date=December 16, 2016 |title=Duterte goes on state visit to Singapore |newspaper=Philippine Daily Inquirer |url=https://globalnation.inquirer.net/150723/duterte-goes-state-visit-singapore |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161216134034/https://globalnation.inquirer.net/150723/duterte-goes-state-visit-singapore |archive-date=December 16, 2016}} Thailand on March 17,{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Corrales |first=Nestor |date=March 20, 2017 |title=Duterte arrives in Bangkok |newspaper=Philippine Daily Inquirer |url=https://globalnation.inquirer.net/153614/duterte-arrives-bangkok |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170608171839/http://globalnation.inquirer.net/153614/duterte-arrives-bangkok |archive-date=June 8, 2017}} and Myanmar on March 19.{{#invoke:Cite|news |date=March 19, 2017 |title=Philippine president arrives in Myanmar on state visit |work=Xinhua |url=http://www.xinhuanet.com//english/2017-03/19/c_136140637.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210524200042/http://www.xinhuanet.com//english/2017-03/19/c_136140637.htm |archive-date=May 24, 2021}}{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Corrales |first=Nestor |date=March 16, 2017 |title=Duterte to complete Asean swing with visit to Myanmar, Thailand |newspaper=Philippine Daily Inquirer |url=http://globalnation.inquirer.net/153370/duterte-complete-asean-swing-trips-myanmar-thailand |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170316082139/http://globalnation.inquirer.net/153370/duterte-complete-asean-swing-trips-myanmar-thailand |archive-date=March 16, 2017}}

In 2017, the Philippines was chair and host to the ASEAN summits; the culminating event was held in Manila on November 10–14 (31st summit).{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Paterno Esmaquel II |date=November 10, 2017 |title=LIST: World leaders attending ASEAN 2017 in the Philippines |work=Rappler |url=http://www.rappler.com/world/regions/asia-pacific/188021-list-world-leaders-attending-asean-2017-philippines |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171110151528/http://www.rappler.com/world/regions/asia-pacific/188021-list-world-leaders-attending-asean-2017-philippines |archive-date=November 10, 2017}}{{#invoke:Cite|news |date=November 21, 2017 |title=Media on 31st ASEAN Summit |language=en |work=Center for Media Freedom and Responsibility |url=https://cmfr-phil.org/media-ethics-responsibility/journalism-review/media-on-31st-asean-summit/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180216163420/https://cmfr-phil.org/media-ethics-responsibility/journalism-review/media-on-31st-asean-summit/ |archive-date=February 16, 2018}} Duterte and other ASEAN leaders signed the ASEAN Consensus on the Protection and Promotion of the Rights of Migrant Workers, a landmark document that would ensure social protection of migrant workers in the ASEAN region; however, the consensus was silent on undocumented workers.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Pasion |first=Patty |date=November 14, 2017 |title=ASEAN leaders sign commitment protecting migrant workers |work=Rappler |url=https://www.rappler.com/world/188460-leaders-sign-migrant-workers-protection-asean-philippines-2017/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220507114102/https://www.rappler.com/world/188460-leaders-sign-migrant-workers-protection-asean-philippines-2017/ |archive-date=May 7, 2022}}

=China and United States=

{{see also|China–Philippines relations|Philippines–United States relations}}

File:President Duterte handshake with President Xi.jpg prior to the bilateral meetings at the Great Hall of the People in Beijing, October 20, 2016]]

Early in his presidential tenure, Duterte made efforts to distance the Philippines from the United States, and forge closer relationships with China and Russia, particularly in economic and military cooperation.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Petty |first=Martin |date=October 2, 2016 |title=Philippines' Duterte says China, Russia supportive when he complained of U.S |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-philippines-duterte-usa-idUSKCN1220O4 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161002215631/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-philippines-duterte-usa-idUSKCN1220O4 |archive-date=October 2, 2016 |quote=Duterte has said repeatedly during recent, frequent speeches that he planned to open new alliances with Russia and China, particularly for trade and commerce, as part of his pursuit of an independent foreign policy.}} Duterte expressed his intention to scale back military agreements with the United States,{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Romero |first=Alexis |date=October 3, 2016 |title=Duterte eyes review of EDCA |work=The Philippine Star |url=https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2016/10/03/1629833/duterte-eyes-review-edca |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161003165924/https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2016/10/03/1629833/duterte-eyes-review-edca |archive-date=October 3, 2016}}{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Tesiorna |first=Ben |date=September 29, 2016 |title=Duterte wants to end military exercises with U.S. |work=CNN Philippines |url=https://www.cnnphilippines.com/news/2016/09/29/Duterte-last-US-joint-military-exercise.html | url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160930170423/https://www.cnnphilippines.com/news/2016/09/29/Duterte-last-US-joint-military-exercise.html |archive-date=September 30, 2016}} and to conduct joint military exercises with China's People's Liberation Army.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Javier |first=Kristian |date=May 1, 2017 |title=Duterte: Philippines, China can have military exercises in Sulu Sea |work=The Philippine Star |url=http://www.philstar.com/headlines/2017/05/02/1695721/duterte-philippines-china-can-have-military-exercises-sulu-sea |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170501142348/http://www.philstar.com/headlines/2017/05/02/1695721/duterte-philippines-china-can-have-military-exercises-sulu-sea |archive-date=May 1, 2017}} Duterte also sought to source weapons from China and Russia after the U.S. State Department refused to sell assault rifles to the Philippine police due to human rights violations concerns relating to the drug war.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Zengerle |first=Patricia |date=October 31, 2016 |title=Exclusive: U.S. stopped Philippines rifle sale that senator opposed - sources |language=en |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-philippines-usa-rifles-idUSKBN12V2AM |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161101125647/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-philippines-usa-rifles-idUSKBN12V2AM |archive-date=November 1, 2016}}

Seeking to avoid armed conflict, Duterte adopted a conciliatory and friendly stance towards China that was unlike his predecessor's antagonism toward it.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Torres |first=Estrella |date=July 6, 2016 |title=Duterte goes soft on China: Let's talk |language=en |newspaper=Philippine Daily Inquirer |url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/794500/duterte-goes-soft-on-china-lets-talk |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160710121147/http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/794500/duterte-goes-soft-on-china-lets-talk |archive-date=July 10, 2016}} In 2016, Duterte and Chinese president Xi Jinping created the biannual Bilateral Consultation Mechanism on the South China Sea, a process allowing the two nations to peacefully manage disputes and strengthen their relations.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Jennings |first=Ralph |date=May 28, 2021 |title=Relations Between China, Philippines Seen Smoothing After Upbeat Talks |language=en |work=VOA |url=https://www.voanews.com/a/east-asia-pacific_relations-between-china-philippines-seen-smoothing-after-upbeat-talks/6206314.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220520102439/https://www.voanews.com/a/east-asia-pacific_relations-between-china-philippines-seen-smoothing-after-upbeat-talks/6206314.html |archive-date=May 20, 2022}}{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Rocamora |first=Joyce Ann L. |date=May 25, 2022 |title=Bilateral consultation on SCS among Duterte admin's legacies |language=en |work=Philippine News Agency |url=https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1175230 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220526115358/https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1175230 |archive-date=May 26, 2022}}{{#invoke:Cite|news |date=May 19, 2017 |title=China, Philippines confirm twice-yearly bilateral consultation mechanism on South China Sea |work=Xinhua |url=http://www.xinhuanet.com//english/2017-05/19/c_136299206.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180912022309/http://www.xinhuanet.com//english/2017-05/19/c_136299206.htm |archive-date=September 12, 2018}} In May 2017, Duterte said Xi had threatened war if the Philippines tried to enforce the South China Sea Arbitration ruling and drill for oil in the South China Sea.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Mogato |first=Manuel |date=May 19, 2017 |title=Duterte says China's Xi threatened war if Philippines drills for oil |language=en |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-southchinasea-philippines-china-idUSKCN18F1DJ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170519130204/http://www.reuters.com/article/us-southchinasea-philippines-china-idUSKCN18F1DJ |archive-date=May 19, 2017}}

Duterte also hoped a non-confrontational approach to China would eventually lead to joint exploration of the South china Sea to support Build! Build! Build!.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Grossman |first=Derek |date=November 2, 2021 |title=Duterte's Dalliance with China Is Over |language=en |work=The RAND Blog |publisher=RAND Corporation |url=https://www.rand.org/blog/2021/11/dutertes-dalliance-with-china-is-over.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211103014333/https://www.rand.org/blog/2021/11/dutertes-dalliance-with-china-is-over.html |archive-date=November 3, 2021}} During Xi's first state visit to the country in November 2018, the Philippines and China signed 29 agreements, including cooperation on the Belt and Road Initiative and a memorandum of understanding on joint oil-and-gas developments in the South China Sea.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Musico |first=Jelly |date=November 20, 2018 |title=PH, China ink 29 deals during Xi's Manila visit |language=en |work=Philippine News Agency |url=https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1054454 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181123115043/https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1054454 |archive-date=November 23, 2018}}{{#invoke:Cite|news |last1=Mendez |first1=Christina |last2=Romero |first2=Paolo |date=November 21, 2018 |title=Philippines, China sign MOU on joint gas, oil {{as written|develo|{{sic|pement|nolink=y}}}} |work=The Philippine Star |url=https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2018/11/21/1870458/philippines-china-sign-mou-joint-gas-oil-developement |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181121022122/https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2018/11/21/1870458/philippines-china-sign-mou-joint-gas-oil-developement |archive-date=November 21, 2018}} In September 2019, Duterte said Xi had offered the Philippines a controlling stake in a gas deal in the Reed Bank if the Philippines set aside the South China Sea Arbitration ruling.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Petty |first=Martin |date=September 11, 2019 |title=Philippines' Duterte says Xi offering gas deal if arbitration case ignored |language=en |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-philippines-china-southchinasea-idUSKCN1VW07O |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190911082108/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-philippines-china-southchinasea-idUSKCN1VW07O |archive-date=September 11, 2019}}

In April 2017, Duterte ordered the Armed Forces of the Philippines to occupy and fortify several uninhabited islands in the South China Sea.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last1=Romero |first1=Alexis |last2=Felipe |first2=Cecille |last3=Laude |first3=Jaime |last4=Macairan |first4=Evelyn |date=April 7, 2017 |title=Duterte orders AFP to occupy Philippine islands in South China Sea |work=The Philippine Star |url=http://www.philstar.com/headlines/2017/04/07/1688529/duterte-orders-afp-occupy-philippine-islands-south-china-sea |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170407013212/http://www.philstar.com/headlines/2017/04/07/1688529/duterte-orders-afp-occupy-philippine-islands-south-china-sea |archive-date=April 7, 2017}} Following the sighting of Chinese survey vessels, he ordered the Philippine Navy to build structures on Benham Rise to assert the Philippines' sovereignty over the region.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last1=Balana |first1=Cynthia |last2=Uy |first2=Jocelyn |last3=Salaverria |first3=Leila |date=March 15, 2017 |title=Duterte wants 'structures' built on Benham Rise |newspaper=Philippine Daily Inquirer |url=http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/880841/duterte-wants-structures-built-on-benham-rise |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170322184934/http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/880841/duterte-wants-structures-built-on-benham-rise |archive-date=March 22, 2017}} A month later, he signed an executive order formally renaming Benham Rise to Philippine Rise.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Santos |first=Eimor |date=May 22, 2017 |title=Benham Rise is now Philippine Rise |work=CNN Philippines |url=http://cnnphilippines.com/news/2017/05/12/Benham-Rise-Philippine-Rise-protected-food-supply-zone-Pi%C3%B1ol.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170515125721/http://cnnphilippines.com/news/2017/05/12/Benham-Rise-Philippine-Rise-protected-food-supply-zone-Pi%C3%B1ol.html |archive-date=May 15, 2017}}

Chinese aggression in the South China Sea strained the nations' relationship. In April 2017, Chinese Ambassador to the Philippines Zhao Jianhua called Philippine plans to repair Thitu (Pag-asa) Island illegal.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Zambrano |first=Chiara |date=May 1, 2017 |title=PH plans to repair Pag-asa Island 'illegal', says Chinese envoy |work=ABS-CBN News |publisher=ABS-CBN News and Current Affairs |url=http://news.abs-cbn.com/news/05/01/17/ph-plans-to-repair-pag-asa-island-illegal-says-chinese-envoy |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170501132003/http://news.abs-cbn.com/news/05/01/17/ph-plans-to-repair-pag-asa-island-illegal-says-chinese-envoy |archive-date=May 1, 2017}} Between 2018 and 2020, China deployed hundreds of military vessels around Thitu Island to impede these repairs.{{#invoke:Cite|news |date=March 5, 2020 |title=The Long Patrol: Staredown at Thitu Island Enters its Sixteenth Month |work=Asia Maritime Transparency Initiative |publisher=Center for Strategic and International Studies |url=https://amti.csis.org/the-long-patrol-staredown-at-thitu-island-enters-its-sixteenth-month/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200308094557/https://amti.csis.org/the-long-patrol-staredown-at-thitu-island-enters-its-sixteenth-month/ |archive-date=March 8, 2020}} In April 2019, following a military report at least 275 Chinese vessels had been monitoring the region since January, Duterte threatened to send Philippine soldiers on a "suicide mission" should China further encroach.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Aurelio |first=Julie M. |date=April 6, 2019 |title=Duterte to China: We're pals but don't touch Pag-asa |language=en |newspaper=Philippine Daily Inquirer |url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1103810/duterte-to-china-were-pals-but-dont-touch-pag-asa |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190406113108/https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1103810/duterte-to-china-were-pals-but-dont-touch-pag-asa |archive-date=April 6, 2019}} In January 2021, China passed a law authorizing its coast guard to fire on foreign vessels as needed{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Tian |first=Yew Lun |date=January 22, 2021 |title=China authorises coast guard to fire on foreign vessels if needed |language=en |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-china-coastguard-law-idUSKBN29R1ER |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210122124811/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-china-coastguard-law-idUSKBN29R1ER |archive-date=January 22, 2021}} and in March, it moored 220 Chinese vessels believed to be manned by the Chinese military at disputed Whitsun Reef.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Dela Cruz |first=Enrico |date=March 21, 2021 |title=Philippines says 220 Chinese boats have encroached in South China Sea |language=en |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/china/philippines-says-220-chinese-boats-have-encroached-south-china-sea-2021-03-21/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211022131532/https://www.reuters.com/world/china/philippines-says-220-chinese-boats-have-encroached-south-china-sea-2021-03-21/ |archive-date=October 22, 2021}}{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Lendon |first=Brad |date=March 22, 2021 |title=Philippines demands Chinese fishing flotilla leave disputed South China Sea reef |work=CNN |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2021/03/22/asia/china-fishing-boats-philippines-reef-intl-hnk/index.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210322084853/https://edition.cnn.com/2021/03/22/asia/china-fishing-boats-philippines-reef-intl-hnk/index.html |archive-date=March 22, 2021}} In response, Duterte authorized foreign-affairs secretary Teodoro Locsin Jr. to submit several diplomatic protests.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Rocamora |first=Joyce Ann L. |date=November 24, 2021 |title=231 protests filed vs. Chinese activities since 2016: DFA |language=en |work=Philippine News Agency |url=https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1160729 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211124043841/https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1160729 |archive-date=November 24, 2021}}{{#invoke:Cite|news |date=April 14, 2021 |title=Philippines files new diplomatic protests over Chinese boats in disputed waters |language=en |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/china/philippines-files-new-diplomatic-protests-over-chinese-boats-disputed-waters-2021-04-14/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210416002214/https://www.reuters.com/world/china/philippines-files-new-diplomatic-protests-over-chinese-boats-disputed-waters-2021-04-14/ |archive-date=April 16, 2021}}

{{listen

| type = speech

| title = 75th Session of the United Nations General Assembly

| filename = 75th Session of the United Nations General Assembly (Speech) 9 22 2020-5esB6C3sgdg-00.14.41.617-00.15.47.198.ogg

| description = Duterte affirms the Philippines v. China arbitral ruling before the United Nations General Assembly on September 22, 2020.

}}

By June 2020, Duterte was gradually distancing the Philippines from China.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Santos |first=Tina G. |date=November 11, 2021 |title=After pro-China pivot, Duterte warming ties with US – defense analyst |language=en |newspaper=Philippine Daily Inquirer |url=https://globalnation.inquirer.net/200192/after-pro-china-pivot-duterte-warming-ties-with-us-defense-analyst |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211110223451/https://globalnation.inquirer.net/200192/after-pro-china-pivot-duterte-warming-ties-with-us-defense-analyst |archive-date=November 10, 2021}} In July that year, he called on the Department of Foreign Affairs to demand China recognize the South China Sea Arbitration ruling. During the 75th United Nations General Assembly in September 2020, Duterte stated that "the Award is now part of international law".{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Gomez |first=Jim |date=September 23, 2020 |title=Duterte gets rare praise for raising sea feud ruling at UN |language=en |work=ABC News |publisher=ABC News Internet Ventures |agency=Associated Press |url=https://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/duterte-rare-praise-raising-sea-feud-ruling-73186260 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200925234207/https://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/duterte-rare-praise-raising-sea-feud-ruling-73186260 |archive-date=September 25, 2020}}{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Yumol |first=David Tristan |date=September 23, 2020 |title=Duterte affirms 2016 arbitral win by PH vs. China before UN |work=CNN Philippines |url=https://www.cnnphilippines.com/news/2020/9/23/Duterte-affirms-2016-arbitral-win-by-PH-vs.-China-before-UN--.html | url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200923115329/https://cnnphilippines.com/news/2020/9/23/Duterte-affirms-2016-arbitral-win-by-PH-vs.-China-before-UN--.html |archive-date=September 23, 2020}}

File:Secretary Tillerson Shakes Hands with President Rodrigo Duterte (36027526740).jpg during the latter's official visit in Manila, August 7, 2017]]

In January 2020, when the U.S. denied a visa for Senator Ronald dela Rosa due to his role as police chief during the Philippine anti-drug war, Duterte moved to terminate the Visiting Forces Agreement (VFA).{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Gregorio |first=Xave |date=January 23, 2020 |title=Duterte threatens to terminate VFA if US does not reverse cancellation of Dela Rosa's visa |work=CNN Philippines |url=https://www.cnnphilippines.com/news/2020/1/23/Rodrigo-Duterte-Bato-dela-Rosa-visa-Visiting-Forces-Agreement-VFA.html | url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200123184446/https://www.cnnphilippines.com/news/2020/1/23/Rodrigo-Duterte-Bato-dela-Rosa-visa-Visiting-Forces-Agreement-VFA.html |archive-date=January 23, 2020}}{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Santos |first=Eimor |date=January 24, 2020 |title=Duterte: China, Russia – unlike US – respect PH sovereignty |work=CNN Philippines |url=https://www.cnnphilippines.com/news/2020/1/24/duterte-russia-china-united-states.html | url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200124140347/https://www.cnnphilippines.com/news/2020/1/24/duterte-russia-china-united-states.html |archive-date=January 24, 2020}} Duterte repeatedly postponed the termination between June 2020 and June 2021, canceling it in July 2021 during U.S. Secretary of Defense Lloyd Austin's visit to the Philippines.{{#invoke:Cite|news |date=July 30, 2021 |title=Duterte cancels order to terminate VFA with US |work=CNN Philippines |url=https://www.cnnphilippines.com/news/2021/7/30/Visiting-Forces-Agreement-Philippines-United-States-Duterte-Austin.html | url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210730033233/https://www.cnnphilippines.com/news/2021/7/30/Visiting-Forces-Agreement-Philippines-United-States-Duterte-Austin.html |archive-date=July 30, 2021}} Following criticism over vaccine-procurement delays during the COVID-19 pandemic, Duterte used the VFA as leverage for securing vaccines from the U.S.;{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Venzon |first=Cliff |date=December 27, 2020 |title=Duterte threatens to end US military pact if no vaccines |work=Nikkei Asia |url=https://asia.nikkei.com/Politics/International-relations/Duterte-threatens-to-end-US-military-pact-if-no-vaccines |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201227092859/https://asia.nikkei.com/Politics/International-relations/Duterte-threatens-to-end-US-military-pact-if-no-vaccines |archive-date=December 27, 2020}} in August 2021, he thanked the U.S. for its donations, which he said played a key role in his decision to keep the VFA.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Musico |first=Jelly |date=August 3, 2021 |title=Duterte thanks Biden, US people for vax donations |language=en |work=Philippine News Agency |url=https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1149158 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210803005746/https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1149158 |archive-date=August 3, 2021}}{{#invoke:Cite|news |date=August 3, 2021 |title=Duterte admits US vaccine donations persuaded him to cancel VFA termination |work=CNN Philippines |url=https://www.cnnphilippines.com/news/2021/8/3/Duterte-US-vaccine-donations-cancelation-of-VFA-termination.html | url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210802220504/https://www.cnnphilippines.com/news/2021/8/3/Duterte-US-vaccine-donations-cancelation-of-VFA-termination.html |archive-date=August 2, 2021}}

File:Donald Trump and Rodrigo Duterte in Manila (3).jpg during a bilateral meeting in Pasay City, November 13, 2017]]

In December 2020, the Philippines received military equipment worth {{Philippine peso}}1.4 billion ($29 million) from the U.S.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last1=Lema |first1=Karen |last2=Williams |first2=Alison |date=December 8, 2020 |title=Philippines receives $29 million of military equipment from U.S. to boost defences |language=en |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/philippines-usa-security-idUKKBN28I1MF |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220324073351/https://www.reuters.com/article/philippines-usa-security-idUKKBN28I1MF |archive-date=March 24, 2022}} The countries made efforts to reinvigorate relations. This included high-level visits by commander of U.S. Indo-Pacific Command, Adm. John Aquilino, who affirmed the Mutual Defense Treaty (MDT) with the Philippines,{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Nepomuceno |first=Priam |date=August 24, 2021 |title=US Indo-Pacific Command chief affirms MDT commitment with PH |language=en |work=Philippine News Agency |url=https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1151398 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210824044120/https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1151398 |archive-date=August 24, 2021}} and Marine Corps Commandant David H. Berger.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Sadongdong |first=Martin |date=September 14, 2021 |title=PH, US Marines eye stronger collaboration |work=Manila Bulletin |url=https://mb.com.ph/2021/09/14/ph-us-marines-eye-stronger-collaboration/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210914003610/https://mb.com.ph/2021/09/14/ph-us-marines-eye-stronger-collaboration/ |archive-date=September 14, 2021}} In September 2021, foreign-affairs secretary Teodoro Locsin Jr. and defense secretary Delfin Lorenzana met with counterparts in the U.S. to celebrate the 70th anniversary of the U.S.-Philippines MDT.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last1=Brunnstrom |first1=David |last2=Lema |first2=Karen |date=September 8, 2021 |title=Philippines defense minister says U.S. treaty needs comprehensive review |language=en |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/philippines-defense-minister-says-us-treaty-needs-comprehensive-review-2021-09-08/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210908180923/https://www.reuters.com/world/philippines-defense-minister-says-us-treaty-needs-comprehensive-review-2021-09-08/ |archive-date=September 8, 2021}}{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Villanueva |first=Ralph Edwin |date=September 12, 2021 |title=Top officials affirm Philippine-US alliance |work=The Philippine Star |url=https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2021/09/12/2126527/top-officials-affirm-philippine-us-alliance |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210911230113/https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2021/09/12/2126527/top-officials-affirm-philippine-us-alliance |archive-date=September 11, 2021}} In the same month, Locsin welcomed the AUKUS nuclear submarine deal, which he said could help balance the power in the Indo-Pacific region;{{#invoke:Cite|news |last1=Lema |first1=Karen |last2=Petty |first2=Martin |date=September 21, 2021 |title=Philippines supports Australia nuclear sub pact to counter China |language=en |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/philippines-supports-australia-nuclear-sub-pact-counter-china-2021-09-21/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210921070604/https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/philippines-supports-australia-nuclear-sub-pact-counter-china-2021-09-21/ |archive-date=September 21, 2021}} days after, Duterte expressed concern the AUKUS deal could provoke a "nuclear arms race".{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Gita-Carlos |first=Ruth Abbey |date=September 28, 2021 |title=Duterte 'concerned' over AUKUS nuclear submarine deal |language=en |work=Philippine News Agency |url=https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1154907 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210928082646/https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1154907 |archive-date=September 28, 2021}}

File:LOZANO 02282021-2.jpg during the ceremonial turnover of CoronaVac vaccines in Villamor Air Base, Pasay City on February 28, 2021.]]

China played an important role in the early months of the Philippines' response to COVID-19.{{Cite journal |last=Pitlo III |first=Lucio Blanco |date=November 15, 2021 |title=Chinese Vaccine Diplomacy in The Philippines and Its Impacts |url=https://www.iseas.edu.sg/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/ISEAS_Perspective_2021_145.pdf |journal=Perspective |location=Singapore |publisher=ISEAS-Yusof Ishak Institute |issue=2021 |pages=2, 3 |issn=2335-6677 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211115072114/https://www.iseas.edu.sg/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/ISEAS_Perspective_2021_145.pdf |archive-date=November 15, 2021}} In February 2021, China became the first country to send the Philippines COVID-19 vaccines;{{#invoke:Cite|news |date=February 28, 2021 |title=PH receives first shipment of COVID-19 vaccines |work=CNN Philippines |url=https://www.cnnphilippines.com/news/2021/2/28/sinovac-vaccine-arrival.html | url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210228082218/https://www.cnnphilippines.com/news/2021/2/28/sinovac-vaccine-arrival.html |archive-date=February 28, 2021}} Duterte said he had asked Xi for assistance in securing vaccines.{{#invoke:Cite|news |date=May 11, 2021 |title=Duterte: Call with Xi Jinping only on vaccine assistance, nothing on WPS |work=CNN Philippines |url=https://www.cnnphilippines.com/news/2021/5/11/Duterte-call-with-Xi-Jinping-on-vaccine-assistance.html | url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210510214814/https://www.cnnphilippines.com/news/2021/5/11/Duterte-call-with-Xi-Jinping-on-vaccine-assistance.html |archive-date=May 10, 2021}} On January 16, 2022, China donated {{Philippine peso}}1 billion of non-combat military equipment,{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Mangosing |first=Frances |date=January 21, 2022 |title=China donates P1B in disaster equipment to PH |language=en |newspaper=Philippine Daily Inquirer |url=https://globalnation.inquirer.net/201860/china-donates-p1b-in-disaster-equipment-to-ph |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220121204847/https://globalnation.inquirer.net/201860/china-donates-p1b-in-disaster-equipment-to-ph |archive-date=January 21, 2022}}{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Honrada |first=Gabriel |date=January 16, 2022 |title=Philippines bets Brahmos will keep China at bay |work=Asia Times |url=https://asiatimes.com/2022/01/philippines-bets-brahmos-will-keep-china-at-bay/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220116045143/https://asiatimes.com/2022/01/philippines-bets-brahmos-will-keep-china-at-bay/ |archive-date=January 16, 2022}} two days after the Philippines made a deal with India to buy the BrahMos supersonic cruise missile to improve its coastal defense.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Vijayan |first=Vipin |date=January 21, 2022 |title=China counters India's BrahMos deal, donates military aid to Philippines worth $20 million |language=en |work=Asianet Newsable |publisher=Asianet News Media & Entertainment Private Limited |url=https://newsable.asianetnews.com/india-defence/china-counters-india-s-brahmos-deal-donates-military-aid-to-philippines-worth-20-million-r62e8l |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220121150214/https://newsable.asianetnews.com/india-defence/china-counters-india-s-brahmos-deal-donates-military-aid-to-philippines-worth-20-million-r62e8l |archive-date=January 21, 2022}}

In March 2022, Duterte warned trouble might occur if the next Philippine administration chose not to honor the memorandum of understanding with China on joint-exploration activities in the South China Sea, after receiving a "reminder" from a man from China whom he did not identify.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Salaverria |first=Leila B. |date=March 9, 2022 |title=Duterte: PH must honor agreements with China |language=en |newspaper=Philippine Daily Inquirer |url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1565475/duterte-ph-must-honor-agreements-with-china |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220309003520/https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1565475/duterte-ph-must-honor-agreements-with-china |archive-date=March 9, 2022}} On June 24, six days before his term ended, Duterte ordered the complete termination of the planned joint oil exploration in the South China Sea with China; Locsin stated in the three years since it was signed, the "objective of developing oil and gas resources so critical for the Philippines" had not been achieved.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Santos |first=Tina G. |date=June 24, 2022 |title=PH ends talks for joint oil, gas search with China in WPS |language=en |newspaper=Philippine Daily Inquirer |url=https://globalnation.inquirer.net/204766/ph-ends-talks-for-joint-oil-gas-search-with-china-in-wps |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220623215217/https://globalnation.inquirer.net/204766/ph-ends-talks-for-joint-oil-gas-search-with-china-in-wps |archive-date=June 23, 2022}}

Amid the Russian invasion of Ukraine in March 2022, Duterte pledged to open the country's facilities to American forces under the 1951 MDT if the conflict spreads to Asia.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Ramos |first=Christia Marie |date=March 10, 2022 |title=PH ready to open facilities to US if Russia-Ukraine conflict 'spills over' to Asia – envoy |newspaper=Philippine Daily Inquirer |url=https://globalnation.inquirer.net/202921/fwd-ph-ready-to-open-facilities-to-us-if-russia-ukraine-conflict-spills-over-to-asia-top-envoy |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220310090807/https://globalnation.inquirer.net/202921/fwd-ph-ready-to-open-facilities-to-us-if-russia-ukraine-conflict-spills-over-to-asia-top-envoy |archive-date=March 10, 2022}}

=Russia=

File:Rodrigo Duterte with Vladimir Putin, 2016-02.jpg during the APEC summit in Lima, Peru, November 19, 2016.]]

Philippine-Russian relations improved during Duterte's presidency.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Rocamora |first=Joyce Ann L. |date=May 26, 2021 |title=45 years after, PH-Russia ties make strides |language=en |work=Philippine News Agency |url=https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1141484 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210526033536/https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1141484 |archive-date=May 26, 2021}}{{#invoke:Cite|news |last1=Mogato |first1=Manuel |last2=Macfie |first2=Nick |date=November 10, 2017 |title=We'll buy arms from Russia, Philippines' Duterte tells Putin |work=Reuters |location=Manila |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-apec-summit-philippines-russia-idUSKBN1DA1K7 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225032834/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-apec-summit-philippines-russia-idUSKBN1DA1K7 |archive-date=December 25, 2018 |quote=But China and Russia, whose relations with the Philippines have vastly improved in recent months, donated a total of 11,000 assault rifles and trucks.}} On November 20, 2016, Duterte met with Russian President Vladimir Putin at the APEC summit in Lima, Peru; Duterte has praised Putin's leadership skills, calling him his "idol".{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Yap |first=DJ |date=November 20, 2016 |title=Duterte talks to Putin about distrust with US, hypocrisy of the West |newspaper=Philippine Daily Inquirer |url=http://globalnation.inquirer.net/149832/duterte-talks-putin-distrust-us-hypocrisy-west |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161120151550/http://globalnation.inquirer.net/149832/duterte-talks-putin-distrust-us-hypocrisy-west |archive-date=November 20, 2016}}{{#invoke:Cite|news |date=November 20, 2016 |title=Duterte meets with Putin, Xi at APEC Economic Leaders' Summit |work=CNN Philippines |url=http://cnnphilippines.com/news/2016/11/20/rodrigo-duterte-meets-with-vladimir-putin-xi-jinping-apec-peru.html | url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161120151312/http://cnnphilippines.com/news/2016/11/20/rodrigo-duterte-meets-with-vladimir-putin-xi-jinping-apec-peru.html |archive-date=November 20, 2016}} Duterte stated the Philippines could seek stronger diplomatic cooperation with China and Russia "to make the world more peaceful" but that the Philippines was "not ready" for military alliances due to the United States-Philippines Mutual Defense Treaty.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Corrales |first=Nestor |date=December 1, 2016 |title=Duterte: PH not ready for military alliances with Russia, China |newspaper=Philippine Daily Inquirer |url=https://globalnation.inquirer.net/150287/duterte-ph-not-ready-military-alliances-russia-china |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161202131401/https://globalnation.inquirer.net/150287/duterte-ph-not-ready-military-alliances-russia-china |archive-date=December 2, 2016}} The Russian government offered a strategic partnership with the Philippines and offered to assist the purchasing of Russian-made weaponry.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last1=Gotinga |first1=JC |last2=Cabato |first2=Regine |date=November 30, 2016 |title=Russian envoy: Moscow offering 'strategic partnership' to PH, not military alliance |work=CNN Philippines |url=http://cnnphilippines.com/news/2016/11/30/Russian-envoy-Moscow-offering-strategic-partnership-to-PH.html | url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161130150815/http://cnnphilippines.com/news/2016/11/30/Russian-envoy-Moscow-offering-strategic-partnership-to-PH.html |archive-date=November 30, 2016}}

File:Rodrigo Duterte and Sergey Shoigu (2017-10-25) 02.jpg

In May 2017, Duterte made his first state visit to Russia and met with Putin{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Tan |first=Lara |date=May 24, 2017 |title=Duterte meets with Putin amid Marawi crisis |work=CNN Philippines |url=https://www.cnnphilippines.com/news/2017/05/24/Duterte-Putin-Russia-Marawi-crisis.html | url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170524090206/https://www.cnnphilippines.com/news/2017/05/24/Duterte-Putin-Russia-Marawi-crisis.html |archive-date=May 24, 2017}} to finalize a defense-cooperation agreement between the nations{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Romero |first=Alexis |date=April 22, 2017 |title=Defense cooperation eyed between Philippines, Russia |work=The Philippine Star |url=http://www.philstar.com/headlines/2017/04/22/1692755/defense-cooperation-eyed-between-philippines-russia |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170427000558/http://www.philstar.com/headlines/2017/04/22/1692755/defense-cooperation-eyed-between-philippines-russia |archive-date=April 27, 2017}} but the visit was cut short when Islamic militants attacked Marawi. In October the same year, the Philippines and Russia signed an agreement of defense and technical cooperation, which included a sales contract for the purchase of defense articles with Russian state-owned company Rosoboronexport; Russia donated thousands of rifles, helmets, and other military equipment to the Philippines.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last1=Romero |first1=Alexis |last2=Laude |first2=Jaime |date=October 25, 2017 |title=Philippines, Russia ink pact on military, technical cooperation |work=The Philippine Star |url=https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2017/10/25/1752600/philippines-russia-ink-pact-military-technical-cooperation |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180915232748/https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2017/10/25/1752600/philippines-russia-ink-pact-military-technical-cooperation |archive-date=September 15, 2018}}{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Mogato |first=Manuel |date=October 25, 2017 |title=Philippines, Russia sign two military deals |language=en |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-philippines-russia-defence-idUSKBN1CU1K6 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181220003845/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-philippines-russia-defence-idUSKBN1CU1K6 |archive-date=December 20, 2018}}

On October 2, 2019, Duterte made his second state visit to Russia to discuss increasing security and defense cooperation.{{#invoke:Cite|news |date=October 2, 2019 |title=Duterte kicks off second visit to Russia |work=CNN Philippines |url=https://www.cnnphilippines.com/news/2019/10/2/Duterte-Russia-visit.html | url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191003225216/https://www.cnnphilippines.com/news/2019/10/2/Duterte-Russia-visit.html |archive-date=October 3, 2019}}{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Jennings |first=Ralph |date=October 4, 2019 |title=Putin-Duterte Meeting Signals Bigger, Trickier Russian Role in South China Sea |language=en |work=VOA |url=https://www.voanews.com/a/east-asia-pacific_putin-duterte-meeting-signals-bigger-trickier-russian-role-south-china-sea/6177033.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220331104311/https://www.voanews.com/a/east-asia-pacific_putin-duterte-meeting-signals-bigger-trickier-russian-role-south-china-sea/6177033.html |archive-date=March 31, 2022}} During the visit, he received an honorary doctorate degree for international relations or foreign diplomacy{{#invoke:Cite|news |date=October 6, 2019 |title=PRRD receives honorary doctorate from top Russian school |work=PTVNews |url=https://ptvnews.ph/pangulong-duterte-ginawaran-ng-honorary-doctorate-degree-sa-moscow/ |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220808130835/https://ptvnews.ph/pangulong-duterte-ginawaran-ng-honorary-doctorate-degree-sa-moscow/ |archive-date=August 8, 2022 |access-date=March 31, 2022 |url-status=live }} from the Moscow State Institute of International Relations.{{#invoke:Cite|news |date=October 5, 2019 |title=President of the Philippines Rodrigo Roa Duterte Conferred MGIMO Honorary Doctorate |language=en |work=MGIMO University |location=Moscow, Russia |url=https://english.mgimo.ru/news/duterte |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220611145652/https://english.mgimo.ru/news/duterte |archive-date=June 11, 2022}}{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Mendez |first=Christina |date=October 8, 2019 |title=With Russian honorary doctorate, Duterte preaches about climate change |work=The Philippine Star |url=https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2019/10/08/1958366/russian-honorary-doctorate-duterte-preaches-about-climate-change |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191008130305/https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2019/10/08/1958366/russian-honorary-doctorate-duterte-preaches-about-climate-change |archive-date=October 8, 2019}}

At the height of the COVID-19 pandemic in April 2021, Duterte and Putin held a teleconference to discuss production and supply of coronavirus vaccines, defense, and trade opportunities; Duterte informed Putin of his plan to order 20 million doses of Sputnik V vaccine from Russia.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Gita-Carlos |first=Ruth Abbey |date=April 13, 2021 |title=PRRD, Putin share Covid notes in 30-minute telesummit |language=en |work=Philippine News Agency |url=https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1136672 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210414010905/https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1136672 |archive-date=April 14, 2021}} On May 1 that year, 15,000 Sputnik V vaccines purchased by the government arrived in the Philippines.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Parrocha |first=Azer |date=May 3, 2021 |title=Duterte thanks Putin for Sputnik V Covid-19 vaccines |language=en |work=Philippine News Agency |url=https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1138967 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210504015712/https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1138967 |archive-date=May 4, 2021}}

A few days after the Russian invasion of Ukraine began in February 2022, the Philippines voted in favor of a United Nations resolution, expressing "explicit condemnation" of the invasion.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Ramos |first=Christia Marie |date=February 28, 2022 |title=PH backs UN resolution condemning Russia's invasion of Ukraine |language=en |newspaper=Philippine Daily Inquirer |url=https://globalnation.inquirer.net/202685/ph-backs-un-resolution-condemning-russias-invasion-of-ukraine |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220228130606/https://globalnation.inquirer.net/202685/ph-backs-un-resolution-condemning-russias-invasion-of-ukraine |archive-date=February 28, 2022}} Duterte described Putin, whom he considers a friend, as "suicidal"{{#invoke:Cite|news |last1=Manahan |first1=Job |last2=Gutierrez |first2=Pia |date=March 4, 2022 |title=Duterte calls Putin 'suicidal' in Russia's invasion of Ukraine |work=ABS-CBN News |url=https://news.abs-cbn.com/news/03/04/22/duterte-calls-putin-suicidal-in-russias-invasion-of-ukraine |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220304210631/https://news.abs-cbn.com/news/03/04/22/duterte-calls-putin-suicidal-in-russias-invasion-of-ukraine |archive-date=March 4, 2022}} and said the invasion deserved condemnation.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Valente |first=Catherine S. |date=April 12, 2022 |title=Duterte: Russia's invasion of Ukraine deserves 'condemnation' |language=en |work=The Manila Times |url=https://www.manilatimes.net/2022/04/12/news/duterte-russias-invasion-of-ukraine-deserves-condemnation/1839869 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220412222615/https://www.manilatimes.net/2022/04/12/news/duterte-russias-invasion-of-ukraine-deserves-condemnation/1839869 |archive-date=April 12, 2022}} He said the Philippines would remain neutral on the issue.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Gita-Carlos |first=Ruth Abbey |date=March 17, 2022 |title=Duterte maintains 'neutral' stance on Russia-Ukraine conflict |language=en |work=Philippine News Agency |url=https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1170053 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220317122849/https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1170053 |archive-date=March 17, 2022}} Amid rising global oil prices brought about by the invasion, in May 2022, Duterte contradicted Putin's labeling of the invasion as a "special military operation", saying the invasion was a war waged against "a sovereign nation".{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Lalu |first=Gabriel Pabico |date=May 24, 2022 |title=Duterte will ask 'friend' Putin to control troops in Ukraine |language=en |newspaper=Philippine Daily Inquirer |url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1601673/in-the-name-of-humanity-duterte-says-hell-ask-friend-putin-to-control-soldiers-in-ukraine |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220523182054/https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1601673/in-the-name-of-humanity-duterte-says-hell-ask-friend-putin-to-control-soldiers-in-ukraine |archive-date=May 23, 2022}} A few days before he left office, Duterte approved his administration's cancellation of its order of 16 Mil Mi-17 military helicopters from Russia for fear of United States sanctions amid the ongoing Russia-Ukraine war.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Gomez |first=Jim |date=July 27, 2022 |title=AP Exclusive: Philippines scraps Russian chopper deal |language=en |work=Associated Press |url=https://apnews.com/article/russia-ukraine-only-on-ap-philippines-manila-5c4b69a7ff136b1b4654d9108c82c165 |access-date=July 30, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220727072537/https://apnews.com/article/russia-ukraine-only-on-ap-philippines-manila-5c4b69a7ff136b1b4654d9108c82c165 |archive-date=July 27, 2022}}

=Support for refugees=

Duterte expressed willingness to accept refugees such as Rohingya people fleeing war and persecution in Myanmar,{{#invoke:Cite|news |date=September 23, 2020 |title=UNHCR welcomes Philippines' commitment to protect Rohingya |work=United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees |url=https://www.unhcr.org/ph/20879-un-general-assembly-president-duterte.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200926004949/https://www.unhcr.org/ph/20879-un-general-assembly-president-duterte.html |archive-date=September 26, 2020}} people fleeing Afghanistan to escape the Taliban's rule, and Ukrainian refugees.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Gita-Carlos |first=Ruth Abbey |date=September 22, 2021 |title=Duterte says PH willing to aid Afghan, Rohingya refugees |work=Philippine News Agency |url=https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1154298 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210922201357/https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1154298 |archive-date=September 22, 2021}}{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Calleja |first=Joseph Peter |date=March 10, 2022 |title=Duterte opens Philippine borders to Ukrainian refugees |language=en |work=Union of Catholic Asian News |url=https://www.ucanews.com/news/duterte-opens-philippine-borders-to-ukrainian-refugees/96435 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220310095024/https://www.ucanews.com/news/duterte-opens-philippine-borders-to-ukrainian-refugees/96435 |archive-date=March 10, 2022}} On September 9, 2021, Foreign Affairs Secretary Teodoro Locsin, Jr. said the Philippines has welcomed Afghan refugees to the country since the Taliban took control of Afghanistan three weeks prior but provided no further details for the refugees' safety and privacy.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Rocamora |first=Joyce Ann L. |date=September 9, 2021 |title=PH welcomes Afghan refugees |work=Philippine News Agency |url=https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1153008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210909030126/https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1153008 |archive-date=September 9, 2021}}{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Mabasa |first=Roy |date=September 8, 2021 |title=Locsin confirms arrival of Afghan refugees in PH |work=Manila Bulletin |url=https://mb.com.ph/2021/09/08/locsin-confirms-arrival-of-afghan-refugees-to-the-philippines/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210922213217/https://mb.com.ph/2021/09/08/locsin-confirms-arrival-of-afghan-refugees-to-the-philippines/ |archive-date=September 22, 2021}}

On February 28, 2022, Duterte issued an executive order institutionalizing access to protection services for refugees, stateless persons, and asylum seekers.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Cervantes |first=Filane Mikee |date=March 2, 2022 |title=Duterte issues EO protecting refugees in the PH |work=Philippine News Agency |url=https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1168839 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220302175800/https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1168839 |archive-date=March 2, 2022}}

Impeachment attempt

On March 16, 2017, opposition politician Gary Alejano filed an impeachment complaint against Duterte citing thousands of deaths in Duterte's anti-drug campaign, alleged leadership of vigilante group Davao Death Squad, and allegations of graft and corruption.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Santos |first=Eimor P. |date=March 16, 2017 |title=Duterte faces impeachment complaint over alleged killings, corruption |work=CNN Philippines |url=https://www.cnnphilippines.com/news/2017/03/16/impeachment-complaint-vs-Duterte.html | url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170316070253/https://www.cnnphilippines.com/news/2017/03/16/impeachment-complaint-vs-Duterte.html |archive-date=March 16, 2017}}{{#invoke:Cite|news |date=March 19, 2017 |title=Duterte says he's not intimidated by impeachment attempt |work=The Seattle Times |agency=Associated Press |url=https://www.seattletimes.com/nation-world/duterte-says-hes-not-intimidated-by-impeachment-attempt/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170319135433/https://www.seattletimes.com/nation-world/duterte-says-hes-not-intimidated-by-impeachment-attempt/ |archive-date=March 19, 2017}} Alejano, on March 30, filed a supplemental complaint over Duterte's alleged inaction and "defeatist stance" in the South China Sea, Scarborough Shoal, and Benham Rise.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Santos |first=Eimor P. |date=March 30, 2017 |title=Duterte faces more impeachment charges over 'inaction' in sea row |work=CNN Philippines |url=https://www.cnnphilippines.com/news/2017/03/30/supplemental-impeachment-complaint-President-Duterte.html | url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170330152810/https://www.cnnphilippines.com/news/2017/03/30/supplemental-impeachment-complaint-President-Duterte.html |archive-date=March 30, 2017}}{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Cayabyab |first=Marc Jayson |date=March 30, 2017 |title=Solon files impeach rap vs Duterte over West PH Sea, Benham Rise |language=en |newspaper=Philippine Daily Inquirer |url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/884967/solon-files-impeach-rap-vs-duterte-over-west-ph-sea-benham-rise-policies |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170401222615/https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/884967/solon-files-impeach-rap-vs-duterte-over-west-ph-sea-benham-rise-policies |archive-date=April 1, 2017}} On May 15, the House Justice Committee officially dismissed the charge by unanimous vote due to insufficient evidence after Alejano said he had no personal knowledge of the alleged offenses, having based his impeachment complaint on news reports and witness testimonies.{{#invoke:Cite|news |date=May 15, 2017 |title=House committee effectively dismisses impeachment complaint vs. Duterte |work=CNN Philippines |url=https://cnnphilippines.com/news/2017/05/15/Duterte-impeachment-complaint-dismissed-House-Alejano-Magdalo.html | url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170515160600/https://cnnphilippines.com/news/2017/05/15/Duterte-impeachment-complaint-dismissed-House-Alejano-Magdalo.html |archive-date=May 15, 2017}}{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Cayabyab |first=Marc Jayson |date=May 15, 2017 |title=House panel junks Duterte impeach complaint for lack of substance |language=en |newspaper=Philippine Daily Inquirer |url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/896800/house-justice-panel-junks-duterte-impeach-complaint-for-lack-of-substance |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170517012651/https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/896800/house-justice-panel-junks-duterte-impeach-complaint-for-lack-of-substance |archive-date=May 17, 2017}}

Elections during the Duterte presidency

=2019 mid-term election=

File:PROCLAMATION OF SENATORS 2019.jpg during their proclamation in Pasay City on May 22, 2019.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Galvez |first=Daphne |date=May 22, 2019 |title=LOOK: Senators-elect do Duterte fist bump except Poe, Binay |language=en |newspaper=Philippine Daily Inquirer |url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1122000/look-senators-elect-do-duterte-fist-bump-except-poe-binay |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220422084229/https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1122000/look-senators-elect-do-duterte-fist-bump-except-poe-binay |archive-date=April 22, 2022}}]]

Opposition alliance Otso Diretso promoted the 2019 mid-term election as a referendum on Duterte and his administration.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Gregorio |first=Xave |date=February 18, 2019 |title='Midterm polls a referendum on Duterte' |work=CNN Philippines |url=https://www.cnnphilippines.com/news/2019/2/18/2019-elections-referendum-President-Rodrigo-Duterte.html | url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190520011851/https://www.cnnphilippines.com/news/2019/2/18/2019-elections-referendum-President-Rodrigo-Duterte.html |archive-date=May 20, 2019}}{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Shrikanth |first=Siddarth |date=May 13, 2019 |title=Duterte's allies expected to win in Philippines midterm Senate race |work=Financial Times |url=https://www.ft.com/content/1afd6d76-753f-11e9-be7d-6d846537acab |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190519041905/https://www.ft.com/content/1afd6d76-753f-11e9-be7d-6d846537acab |archive-date=May 19, 2019}} Eight of the twelve candidates backed by Duterte's administration won Senate seats;{{#invoke:Cite|news |date=May 22, 2019 |title=Duterte's Senate bets dominate 2019 midterm elections |work=CNN Philippines |url=https://www.cnnphilippines.com/news/2019/5/22/Comelec-proclamation-senators-party-list-groups.htmlgoXPS1Gx7LI | url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190522134406/https://www.cnnphilippines.com/news/2019/5/22/Comelec-proclamation-senators-party-list-groups.html |archive-date=May 22, 2019}} Otso Diretso suffered a historic loss, failing to secure any seats.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Cabico |first=Gaea Katreena |date=May 22, 2019 |title=Opposition slate Otso Diretso suffers a resounding loss |work=The Philippine Star |url=https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2019/05/22/1917758/opposition-slate-otso-diretso-suffers-resounding-loss |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190603043421/https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2019/05/22/1917758/opposition-slate-otso-diretso-suffers-resounding-loss |archive-date=June 3, 2019}}

=2022 general election=

{{Further|Ronald dela Rosa and Bong Go 2022 presidential campaigns}}

File:Senator Bong Go files his COC for VP with President Duterte.jpg, who filed his certificate of candidacy for vice president on October 2, 2021.]]

In August 2021, critics raised the possibility of Duterte extending his term after he announced he would run as vice president.{{#invoke:Cite|news |date=August 24, 2021 |title=Philippines' Duterte Raises Rivals' Suspicions by Seeking Vice Presidency in 2022 |work=U.S. News & World Report |agency=Reuters |url=https://www.usnews.com/news/world/articles/2021-08-24/philippines-duterte-accepts-endorsement-to-run-as-vice-president-in-2022 |access-date=April 26, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220426082930/https://www.usnews.com/news/world/articles/2021-08-24/philippines-duterte-accepts-endorsement-to-run-as-vice-president-in-2022 |archive-date=April 26, 2022}}{{#invoke:Cite|web|date=August 25, 2021 |title=Duterte confirms he'll run for Philippines VP next year |url=https://apnews.com/article/health-coronavirus-pandemic-philippines-a2baadec81c6a7042c0d829b15630696 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210825073536/https://apnews.com/article/health-coronavirus-pandemic-philippines-a2baadec81c6a7042c0d829b15630696 |archive-date=August 25, 2021 |access-date=August 25, 2021 |website=Associated Press}} Duterte's party, the PDP–Laban Cusi faction, fielded former Philippine National Police chief and Senator Ronald dela Rosa as president,{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Galvez |first=Daphne |date=October 8, 2021 |title='Bato' dela Rosa is Cusi wing PDP-Laban's standard-bearer for 2022 polls |language=en |newspaper=Philippine Daily Inquirer |url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1499224/bato-is-cusi-wing-pdp-labans-standard-bearer-for-2022-polls |access-date=April 26, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211008093010/https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1499224/bato-is-cusi-wing-pdp-labans-standard-bearer-for-2022-polls |archive-date=October 8, 2021}} who was widely suspected of being a placeholder for Duterte's daughter, Davao City mayor Sara Duterte.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Galvez |first=Daphne |date=October 19, 2021 |title=Bato, suspected to be a placeholder, agrees to amend substitution rule |language=en |newspaper=Philippine Daily Inquirer |url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1503654/bato-dela-rosa-suspected-to-be-a-placeholder-agrees-to-amend-substitution-rule |access-date=April 26, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211019014553/https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1503654/bato-dela-rosa-suspected-to-be-a-placeholder-agrees-to-amend-substitution-rule |archive-date=October 19, 2021}} On October 2, 2021, Duterte withdrew his candidacy and announced his retirement from politics, and his long-time aide, Senator Bong Go, replaced him as the vice-presidential candidate.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=David Tristan |first=Yumol |date=October 2, 2021 |title=Duterte announces retirement from politics |language=en |work=CNN Philippines |url=https://www.cnnphilippines.com/news/2021/10/2/Duterte-retirement-politics.html |access-date=October 2, 2021 | url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211002083502/https://www.cnnphilippines.com/news/2021/10/2/Duterte-retirement-politics.html |archive-date=October 2, 2021}}

On November 13, 2021, Sara unexpectedly decided to run as vice president under the Lakas–CMD party, prompting dela Rosa to withdraw hours later and be replaced by Go.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Yumol |first=David Tristan |date=November 13, 2021 |title=Bato Dela Rosa withdraws from 2022 presidential race |work=CNN Philippines |url=https://www.cnnphilippines.com/news/2021/11/13/bato-dela-rosa-withdraws-2022-presidential-race.html |access-date=April 26, 2022 | url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211113084143/https://www.cnnphilippines.com/news/2021/11/13/bato-dela-rosa-withdraws-2022-presidential-race.html |archive-date=November 13, 2021}} Duterte retracted his planned retirement and announced he would run for vice president to express his dismay for Sara's decision to enter the vice-presidential race when polls showed she was the preferred candidate for presidency;{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Fernandez |first=Daniza |date=November 14, 2021 |title=Duterte's possible VP run a show of dismay for Sara Duterte's candidacy |language=en |newspaper=Philippine Daily Inquirer |url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1514702/dutertes-possible-vp-run-a-show-of-dismay-for-sara-dutertes-candidacy |access-date=April 26, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211114062807/https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1514702/dutertes-possible-vp-run-a-show-of-dismay-for-sara-dutertes-candidacy |archive-date=November 14, 2021}} he later withdrew candidacy after deciding not to run against his daughter, and instead announced his intent to run as senator,{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Galvez |first=Daphne |date=November 15, 2021 |title=Duterte to run for senator in 2022 – Bong Go |language=en |newspaper=Philippine Daily Inquirer |url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1515218/duterte-to-run-for-senator-in-2022-bong-go |access-date=April 26, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211115083416/https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1515218/duterte-to-run-for-senator-in-2022-bong-go |archive-date=November 15, 2021}} while endorsing a Go–Sara team.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Galvez |first=Daphne |date=November 17, 2021 |title=Duterte endorses Bong Go-Inday Sara tandem in meeting with lawmakers |language=en |newspaper=Philippine Daily Inquirer |url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1516272/duterte-endorses-bong-go-sara-duterte-tandem-in-meeting-with-lawmakers |access-date=April 26, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211117060724/https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1516272/duterte-endorses-bong-go-sara-duterte-tandem-in-meeting-with-lawmakers |archive-date=November 17, 2021}}

Sara, however, decided to partner with Bongbong Marcos, who announced his presidential candidacy in November 2021.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Mercado |first=Neil Arwin |date=November 16, 2021 |title=It's official: Bongbong Marcos, Sara Duterte running in tandem in 2022 elections |language=en |newspaper=Philippine Daily Inquirer |url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1515954/breaking-its-official-bongbong-inday-sara-running-as-tandem-for-2022 |access-date=April 26, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211116153120/https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1515954/breaking-its-official-bongbong-inday-sara-running-as-tandem-for-2022 |archive-date=November 16, 2021}} Go later expressed his disinterest in the presidency.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Torregoza |first=Hannah |date=November 30, 2021 |title=Bong Go backs out of May 2022 presidential race |work=Manila Bulletin |url=https://mb.com.ph/2021/11/30/bong-go-backs-out-of-may-2022-presidential-race/ |access-date=April 26, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211130045646/https://mb.com.ph/2021/11/30/bong-go-backs-out-of-may-2022-presidential-race/ |archive-date=November 30, 2021}} On December 14, hours after Go withdrew his candidacy for president, Duterte withdrew his senate bid.{{#invoke:Cite|news |date=December 14, 2021 |title=Duterte withdraws from 2022 Senate race |work=CNN Philippines |url=https://www.cnnphilippines.com/news/2021/12/14/Duterte-withdraws-Senate-2022-bid.html |access-date=April 26, 2022 | url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211214084232/https://www.cnnphilippines.com/news/2021/12/14/Duterte-withdraws-Senate-2022-bid.html |archive-date=December 14, 2021}}

Duterte remained influential before the national elections because several presidential candidates were open to his endorsement due to his popularity.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Manahan |first=Job |date=March 22, 2022 |title=Palace: Presidential bets still seeking Duterte's endorsement |work=ABS-CBN News |url=https://news.abs-cbn.com/news/03/22/22/palace-presidential-bets-still-seeking-dutertes-endorsement |access-date=April 26, 2022 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20221120171244/https://news.abs-cbn.com/news/03/22/22/palace-presidential-bets-still-seeking-dutertes-endorsement |archive-date=November 20, 2022}}{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Mendoza |first=John Eric |date=March 23, 2022 |title=Isko still hopeful of Duterte's endorsement despite PDP-Laban backing of Marcos Jr. |language=en |newspaper=Philippine Daily Inquirer |url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1572649/isko-moreno-still-hopeful-of-dutertes-endorsement-despite-pdp-laban-backing-of-marcos-jr |access-date=April 26, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220323112348/https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1572649/isko-moreno-still-hopeful-of-dutertes-endorsement-despite-pdp-laban-backing-of-marcos-jr |archive-date=March 23, 2022}}{{#invoke:Cite|news |date=March 16, 2022 |title=VP spox: Robredo to welcome Duterte endorsement provided 'it's not transactional' |work=CNN Philippines |url=https://www.cnnphilippines.com/news/2022/3/16/Robredo-Duterte-endorsement-not-transactional.html |access-date=April 26, 2022 | url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220317102159/https://www.cnnphilippines.com/news/2022/3/16/Robredo-Duterte-endorsement-not-transactional.html |archive-date=March 17, 2022}} Allies of Duterte endorsed different candidates after the Cusi faction was left without a leader following Go's withdrawal. The PDP–Laban Cusi faction endorsed presidential candidate Marcos,{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Fernandez |first=Daniza |date=March 31, 2022 |title=After PDP-Laban endorsement of Marcos Jr., Duterte insists neutrality |language=en |newspaper=Philippine Daily Inquirer |url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1576494/after-pdp-laban-endorsement-of-marcos-jr-duterte-insists-neutrality-in-next-elections |access-date=April 26, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220331134935/https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1576494/after-pdp-laban-endorsement-of-marcos-jr-duterte-insists-neutrality-in-next-elections |archive-date=March 31, 2022}} with some officials calling for Duterte to do the same.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Galvez |first=Daphne |date=March 23, 2022 |title=Adviser urges Duterte: Endorse Marcos, he is the best to protect you |language=en |newspaper=Philippine Daily Inquirer |url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1572438/adviser-urges-duterte-endorse-marcos-he-is-the-best-to-protect-you |access-date=April 26, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220323052339/https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1572438/adviser-urges-duterte-endorse-marcos-he-is-the-best-to-protect-you |archive-date=March 23, 2022}} Duterte, however, endorsed only Sara as vice president and 17 senatorial candidates,{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Geducos |first=Argyll Cyrus |date=April 2, 2022 |title=Duterte endorses Sara's VP candidacy |work=Manila Bulletin |url=https://mb.com.ph/2022/04/02/duterte-endorses-saras-vp-candidacy/ |access-date=April 26, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220402015603/https://mb.com.ph/2022/04/02/duterte-endorses-saras-vp-candidacy/ |archive-date=April 2, 2022}}{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Israel |first=Dale G. |date=April 2, 2022 |title=Duterte endorses 17 senatorial bets |language=en |newspaper=Philippine Daily Inquirer |url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1576947/duterte-endorses-17-senatorial-bets |access-date=April 26, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220402001917/https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1576947/duterte-endorses-17-senatorial-bets |archive-date=April 2, 2022}} and said he would remain neutral, deciding not to endorse any presidential candidate and prohibiting his Cabinet members from campaigning for any candidate{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Geducos |first=Argyll Cyrus |date=February 26, 2022 |title=Duterte: Cabinet members, except Cusi, banned from campaigning |work=Manila Bulletin |url=https://mb.com.ph/2022/02/26/duterte-cabinet-members-except-cusi-banned-from-campaigning/ |access-date=May 11, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220310065154/https://mb.com.ph/2022/02/26/duterte-cabinet-members-except-cusi-banned-from-campaigning/ |archive-date=March 10, 2022}} to avoid suspicion he would use public funds for his preferred successor's campaign;{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Valente |first=Catherine S. |date=April 7, 2022 |title=Duterte will not endorse presidential bet |language=en |work=The Manila Times |url=https://www.manilatimes.net/2022/04/07/news/national/duterte-will-not-endorse-presidential-bet/1839151 |access-date=April 26, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220406161025/https://www.manilatimes.net/2022/04/07/news/national/duterte-will-not-endorse-presidential-bet/1839151 |archive-date=April 6, 2022}} and to prevent cabinet members from compromising their integrity. Duterte said the next president should be decisive, compassionate, a good judge of character, and preferably a lawyer, which a PDP–Laban official interpreted as a "virtual endorsement" for Duterte's rival, Vice President Leni Robredo, who also decided to run for president.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Peralta-Malonzo |first=Third Anne |date=March 14, 2022 |title=PDP-Laban official endorses Robredo for president |language=English |work=SunStar |url=https://www.sunstar.com.ph/article/1923546/manila/local-news/ben-evardone-of-pdp-laban-endorses-leni-robredo-for-president |access-date=April 26, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220314055149/https://www.sunstar.com.ph/article/1923546/manila/local-news/ben-evardone-of-pdp-laban-endorses-leni-robredo-for-president |archive-date=March 14, 2022}} In March 2022, Go said Duterte briefly met with Marcos and gave him advice on the presidency but could not say whether Duterte endorsed Marcos.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Felipe |first=Cecille Suerte |date=March 25, 2022 |title=Duterte, Marcos Talk, But No Endorsement – Go |work=One News |url=https://www.onenews.ph/articles/duterte-marcos-talk-but-no-endorsement-go |access-date=April 26, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220327141847/https://www.onenews.ph/articles/duterte-marcos-talk-but-no-endorsement-go |archive-date=March 27, 2022}}

File:Bongbong Marcos and Rodrigo Duterte talk at the President's Hall, Malacañang Palace, 6.30.22.png speak ahead of Marcos' inauguration on June 30, 2022.]]

On May 5, 2022, Duterte created a transition committee led by Executive Secretary Salvador Medialdea to oversee the transition of power to the next administration.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Corrales |first=Nestor |date=May 5, 2022 |title=Duterte creates Palace transition team |language=en |newspaper=Philippine Daily Inquirer |url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1592547/duterte-creates-palace-transition-team |access-date=May 11, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220504222554/https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1592547/duterte-creates-palace-transition-team |archive-date=May 4, 2022}} According to analysts, Duterte's popularity was "inherited" by Marcos and Sara, both of whom won landslides in the election.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Manahan |first=Job |date=May 10, 2022 |title=Duterte's popularity, regionalism crystalized votes for Marcos Jr., Sara Duterte: analysts |work=ABS-CBN News |url=https://news.abs-cbn.com/spotlight/05/10/22/solid-north-solid-south-solidified-votes-for-marcos-jr-sara-duterte |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220512182350/https://news.abs-cbn.com/spotlight/05/10/22/solid-north-solid-south-solidified-votes-for-marcos-jr-sara-duterte |archive-date=May 12, 2022}}

Approval ratings

class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" align="right" style="margin:auto 1em;" \|+ SWS Net satisfaction ratings of {{nowrap\|Rodrigo Duterte}} {{nowrap\|(September 2016–}}{{nowrap\|June 2022)}}
scope="col" class="unsortable" \| Date{{#invoke:Cite\|web\|date=September 24, 2021 \|title=Net Satisfaction Ratings of Presidents: Philippines (Page 2 of 2) \|url=https://www.sws.org.ph/visuals/2021/pr20210924/pr20210924_vis03.JPG \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211019144223im_/https://www.sws.org.ph/visuals/2021/pr20210924/pr20210924_vis03.JPG \|archive-date=October 19, 2021 \|access-date=March 2, 2022 \|website=Social Weather Stations}} ! scope="col" \| Rating
scope="row" \| Sep 2016 \| +64
scope="row" \| Dec 2016 \| +63
scope="row" \| Mar 2017 \| +63
scope="row" \| Jun 2017 \| +66
scope="row" \| Sep 2017 \| +48
scope="row" \| Dec 2017 \| +58
scope="row" \| Mar 2018 \| +56
scope="row" \| Jun 2018 \| +45
scope="row" \| Sep 2018 \| +54
scope="row" \| Dec 2018 \| +60
scope="row" \| Mar 2019 \| +66
scope="row" \| Jun 2019 \| +68
scope="row" \| Sep 2019 \| +65
scope="row" \| Dec 2019 \| +72
scope="row" \| Nov 2020 \| +79
scope="row" \| May 2021 \| +65
scope="row" \| Jun 2021 \| +62
scope="row" \| Sep 2021 \| +52
scope="row" \| Dec 2021{{#invoke:Cite\|news \|last=De Vera-Ruiz \|first=Ellalyn \|date=February 8, 2022 \|title=75% of Filipinos satisfied with Duterte – SWS survey \|work=Manila Bulletin \|url=https://mb.com.ph/2022/02/08/75-of-filipinos-satisfied-with-duterte-sws-survey/ \|access-date=March 2, 2022 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220211021721/https://mb.com.ph/2022/02/08/75-of-filipinos-satisfied-with-duterte-sws-survey/ \|archive-date=February 11, 2022}} \| +60
scope="row" \| Apr 2022{{#invoke:Cite\|news \|last=De Vera-Ruiz \|first=Ellalyn \|date=July 13, 2022 \|title=Former President Duterte's net satisfaction rating rises to +65 in April SWS survey \|work=Manila Bulletin \|url=https://mb.com.ph/2022/07/13/former-president-dutertes-satisfaction-rating-rises-to-65-in-april-sws-survey/ \|access-date=September 25, 2022 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220713132219/https://mb.com.ph/2022/07/13/former-president-dutertes-satisfaction-rating-rises-to-65-in-april-sws-survey/ \|archive-date=July 13, 2022}} \| +65
scope="row" \| Jun 2022{{#invoke:Cite\|news \|date=September 23, 2022 \|title=Second Quarter 2022 Social Weather Survey: Pres. Rodrigo Duterte's final net satisfaction rating at +81 \|work=Social Weather Stations \|url=https://www.sws.org.ph/downloads/media_release/pr20220923%20-%20SWR2022-II%20Satisfaction%20with%20the%20President%20%28media%20release%29.pdf \|access-date=September 25, 2022 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220925065815/https://www.sws.org.ph/downloads/media_release/pr20220923%20-%20SWR2022-II%20Satisfaction%20with%20the%20President%20%28media%20release%29.pdf \|archive-date=September 25, 2022}} \| +81

class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" align="right" style="margin:auto 1em;"

|+ SWS Net satisfaction ratings of {{nowrap|Rodrigo Duterte}} {{nowrap|(September 2016–}}{{nowrap|June 2022)}}

scope="col" class="unsortable" | Date{{#invoke:Cite|web|date=September 24, 2021 |title=Net Satisfaction Ratings of Presidents: Philippines (Page 2 of 2) |url=https://www.sws.org.ph/visuals/2021/pr20210924/pr20210924_vis03.JPG |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211019144223im_/https://www.sws.org.ph/visuals/2021/pr20210924/pr20210924_vis03.JPG |archive-date=October 19, 2021 |access-date=March 2, 2022 |website=Social Weather Stations}}

! scope="col" | Rating

scope="row" | Sep 2016

| +64

scope="row" | Dec 2016

| +63

scope="row" | Mar 2017

| +63

scope="row" | Jun 2017

| +66

scope="row" | Sep 2017

| +48

scope="row" | Dec 2017

| +58

scope="row" | Mar 2018

| +56

scope="row" | Jun 2018

| +45

scope="row" | Sep 2018

| +54

scope="row" | Dec 2018

| +60

scope="row" | Mar 2019

| +66

scope="row" | Jun 2019

| +68

scope="row" | Sep 2019

| +65

scope="row" | Dec 2019

| +72

scope="row" | Nov 2020

| +79

scope="row" | May 2021

| +65

scope="row" | Jun 2021

| +62

scope="row" | Sep 2021

| +52

scope="row" | Dec 2021{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=De Vera-Ruiz |first=Ellalyn |date=February 8, 2022 |title=75% of Filipinos satisfied with Duterte – SWS survey |work=Manila Bulletin |url=https://mb.com.ph/2022/02/08/75-of-filipinos-satisfied-with-duterte-sws-survey/ |access-date=March 2, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220211021721/https://mb.com.ph/2022/02/08/75-of-filipinos-satisfied-with-duterte-sws-survey/ |archive-date=February 11, 2022}}

| +60

scope="row" | Apr 2022{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=De Vera-Ruiz |first=Ellalyn |date=July 13, 2022 |title=Former President Duterte's net satisfaction rating rises to +65 in April SWS survey |work=Manila Bulletin |url=https://mb.com.ph/2022/07/13/former-president-dutertes-satisfaction-rating-rises-to-65-in-april-sws-survey/ |access-date=September 25, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220713132219/https://mb.com.ph/2022/07/13/former-president-dutertes-satisfaction-rating-rises-to-65-in-april-sws-survey/ |archive-date=July 13, 2022}}

| +65

scope="row" | Jun 2022{{#invoke:Cite|news |date=September 23, 2022 |title=Second Quarter 2022 Social Weather Survey: Pres. Rodrigo Duterte's final net satisfaction rating at +81 |work=Social Weather Stations |url=https://www.sws.org.ph/downloads/media_release/pr20220923%20-%20SWR2022-II%20Satisfaction%20with%20the%20President%20%28media%20release%29.pdf |access-date=September 25, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220925065815/https://www.sws.org.ph/downloads/media_release/pr20220923%20-%20SWR2022-II%20Satisfaction%20with%20the%20President%20%28media%20release%29.pdf |archive-date=September 25, 2022}}

| +81

Duterte's approval rating remained relatively high throughout his presidency despite criticism and international opposition to his anti-narcotics drive.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Weedon |first=Alan |date=May 10, 2019 |title='Gold, guns and goons': Why the Philippines' Rodrigo Duterte remains incredibly popular |language=en-AU |work=ABC News |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2019-05-10/duterte-rodrigo-philippines-president-popular-despite-criticism/11058752 |access-date=December 5, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191015044350/https://www.abc.net.au/news/2019-05-10/duterte-rodrigo-philippines-president-popular-despite-criticism/11058752 |archive-date=October 15, 2019}} Two weeks into Duterte's presidency, on July 13, 2016, Social Weather Stations (SWS) conducted the first approval survey since his inauguration; Duterte received an "excellent" trust rating of 79% among 1,200 Filipino adults.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Estopace |first=F. G. |date=July 13, 2016 |title=Duterte rides on 'excellent' trust rating |work=BusinessWorld |url=http://www.bworldonline.com/content.php?section=TopStory&title=duterte-rides-on-excellent-trust-rating&id=130331 |access-date=July 21, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170820115214/http://www.bworldonline.com/content.php?section=TopStory&title=duterte-rides-on-excellent-trust-rating&id=130331 |archive-date=August 20, 2017}}{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Parco |first=Bernadette |date=July 13, 2016 |title=Duterte starts presidency with 'excellent' trust rating – SWS poll |work=GMA News Online |url=http://www.gmanetwork.com/news/story/573446/news/nation/duterte-starts-presidency-with-excellent-trust-rating-sws-poll |access-date=July 21, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220808140441/https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/topstories/nation/573446/duterte-starts-presidency-with-excellent-trust-rating-sws-poll/story/ |archive-date=August 8, 2022}} A week later, Pulse Asia released a poll conducted on July 2–8 showing 91% of Filipinos trusted Duterte, making him the most-trusted official in the Philippines since 1999.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Hegina |first=Aries Joseph |date=July 20, 2016 |title=Duterte becomes PH's most trusted official |newspaper=Philippine Daily Inquirer |url=http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/797447/duterte-becomes-phs-most-trusted-official |access-date=July 21, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161126014809/http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/797447/duterte-becomes-phs-most-trusted-official |archive-date=November 26, 2016}}{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Bencito |first=John Paulo |date=July 21, 2016 |title=Duterte's trust rating hits new high |work=The Standard |url=http://thestandard.com.ph/news/-main-stories/top-stories/211218/duterte-s-trust-rating-hits-new-high.html |access-date=July 21, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160721120234/http://thestandard.com.ph/news/-main-stories/top-stories/211218/duterte-s-trust-rating-hits-new-high.html |archive-date=July 21, 2016}} Duterte's net-satisfaction was at its lowest value 45% in July 2018;{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Morallo |first=Audrey |date=July 10, 2018 |title=SWS: Duterte's satisfaction rating plunges across all areas |work=The Philippine Star |url=https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2018/07/10/1832319/sws-dutertes-satisfaction-rating-plunges-across-all-areas |access-date=March 2, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180713182643/https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2018/07/10/1832319/sws-dutertes-satisfaction-rating-plunges-across-all-areas |archive-date=July 13, 2018}} it recovered to 54% in September 2018{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Layug |first=Margaret Claire |date=September 29, 2018 |title=SWS: Duterte net satisfaction rating in Q3 improves, now 'very good' |work=GMA News Online |url=https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/topstories/nation/669527/sws-duterte-net-satisfaction-rating-in-q3-improves-now-very-good/story/ |access-date=March 2, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220302073836/https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/topstories/nation/669527/sws-duterte-net-satisfaction-rating-in-q3-improves-now-very-good/story/ |archive-date=March 2, 2022}} and 60% in December that year.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Merez |first=Arianne |date=December 28, 2018 |title=Duterte closes 2018 with 'very good' satisfaction rating- SWS |work=ABS-CBN News |url=https://news.abs-cbn.com/news/12/28/18/duterte-closes-2018-with-very-good-satisfaction-rating-sws |access-date=March 2, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181228115914/https://news.abs-cbn.com/news/12/28/18/duterte-closes-2018-with-very-good-satisfaction-rating-sws |archive-date=December 28, 2018}}

By July 2019, halfway through his six-year term in office, Duterte had a record net-satisfaction rating of 68%.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Venzon |first=Cliff |date=July 8, 2019 |title=Duterte on track to become Philippines most popular president |work=Nikkei Asian Review |url=https://asia.nikkei.com/Politics/Duterte-on-track-to-become-Philippines-most-popular-president |access-date=December 5, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191202154442/https://asia.nikkei.com/Politics/Duterte-on-track-to-become-Philippines-most-popular-president |archive-date=December 2, 2019}} An April 2019 survey put his approval rating at 79%, higher than any of his predecessors at that stage in their presidencies.{{#invoke:Cite|web|last=Heydarian |first=Richard Javad |date=May 2, 2019 |title=Philippine midterms could extend Duterte's rule |url=https://asiatimes.com/2019/05/philippine-midterms-could-extend-dutertes-rule/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200910001716/https://asiatimes.com/2019/05/philippine-midterms-could-extend-dutertes-rule/ |archive-date=September 10, 2020 |website=Asia Times}} By December that year, his approval rating was 87% according to Pulse Asia; this was credited to poverty reduction and the successful hosting of the 2019 SEA Games.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Vera |first=Ben O. de |date=December 20, 2019 |title=Duterte approval rating of 87 percent in December attributed to poverty reduction, SEA Games 'high' |newspaper=Philippine Daily Inquirer |url=https://business.inquirer.net/285855/economic-team-dutertes-pulse-asia-approval-rating-jumped-to-87-in-december |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191220101024/https://business.inquirer.net/285855/economic-team-dutertes-pulse-asia-approval-rating-jumped-to-87-in-december |archive-date=December 20, 2019}}

Amid the COVID-19 pandemic, a Pulse Asia September 2020 "Ulat ng Bayan Survey" ("Report to the Nation Survey"), showed 84% of Filipinos approved of the government's work to control the spread of COVID-19 and its assistance to those who lost their jobs due to the pandemic; 92% of survey respondents said Duterte has "done well" in preventing the spread of COVID-19 in the country.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Parrocha |first=Azer |date=October 8, 2020 |title=8 in 10 Pinoys approve Duterte admin's Covid-19 response |language=en |work=Philippine News Agency |url=https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1117910 |access-date=November 1, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201101184347/https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1117910 |archive-date=November 1, 2020}}{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Malindog-Uy |first=Anna |date=October 11, 2020 |title=In Duterte We Trust |language=en |work=The ASEAN Post |url=https://theaseanpost.com/article/duterte-we-trust |access-date=November 1, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201012045434/https://theaseanpost.com/article/duterte-we-trust |archive-date=October 12, 2020}} Duterte's SWS net-satisfaction rating rose to 60% in December 2021, higher than the 52% rating in September 2021,{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Romero |first=Alexis |date=October 31, 2021 |title=Despite Duterte rating drop, Palace thanks Pinoys |work=The Philippine Star |url=https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2021/10/31/2137956/despite-duterte-rating-drop-palace-thanks-pinoys |access-date=March 2, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220302132931/https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2021/10/31/2137956/despite-duterte-rating-drop-palace-thanks-pinoys |archive-date=March 2, 2022}} and slightly lower than the 62% rating in June 2021;{{#invoke:Cite|news |date=September 24, 2021 |title=Special report on Satisfaction Rating of the President: Pres. Duterte's Net Satisfaction at +79 in November 2020, +65 in May 2021, and +62 in June 2021 |work=Social Weather Stations |url=https://www.sws.org.ph/downloads/media_release/pr20210924%20-%20SWR2021-II%20Special%20Report%20on%20Satisfaction%20with%20the%20President%20%28special%20report%29.pdf |access-date=March 2, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210926092412/https://www.sws.org.ph/downloads/media_release/pr20210924%20-%20SWR2021-II%20Special%20Report%20on%20Satisfaction%20with%20the%20President%20%28special%20report%29.pdf |archive-date=September 26, 2021}} the survey also noted higher net satisfaction among those vaccinated and those willing to be vaccinated.

Duterte remained popular until the end of his term; according to a PUBLiCUS Asia survey conducted between March 30 to April 6, 2022, 67.2% of 1,500 respondents approved of his performance over the past 12 months while only 15.2% disapproved.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Cruz |first=Kaithreen |date=April 12, 2022 |title=Duterte bowing out with high ratings |language=en |work=The Manila Times |url=https://www.manilatimes.net/2022/04/11/news/dutertes-approval-trust-rating-remain-high-publicus/1839667 |access-date=May 13, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220411053427/https://www.manilatimes.net/2022/04/11/news/dutertes-approval-trust-rating-remain-high-publicus/1839667 |archive-date=April 11, 2022}}{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Parrocha |first=Azer |date=April 11, 2022 |title=Duterte's end of term high rating 'rarity' in PH pres'l politics |language=en |work=Philippine News Agency |url=https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1172012 |access-date=May 13, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220411234748/https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1172012 |archive-date=April 11, 2022}} A 2021 survey by WR Numero Research showed 54.59% of voters wanted soft continuity of Duterte's policies, 29.57% wanted full continuity, and 15.84% preferred change.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=De Vera-Ruiz |first=Ellalyn |date=March 22, 2022 |title=More than half of Pinoy voters support 'partial continuity' of Duterte's policies — survey |work=Manila Bulletin |url=https://mb.com.ph/2022/03/22/more-than-half-of-pinoy-voters-support-partial-continuity-of-dutertes-policies-survey/ |access-date=May 13, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220322105459/https://mb.com.ph/2022/03/22/more-than-half-of-pinoy-voters-support-partial-continuity-of-dutertes-policies-survey/ |archive-date=March 22, 2022}}

Duterte left office with a net-satisfaction rating of 81%—his highest—according to an SWS survey held between June 26 to 29, 2022. A survey of 1,500 people conducted by PUBLiCUS Asia in June—Duterte's last month in office—showed he was the most-popular post-EDSA president, with a 75% approval of his performance as president, while only 10% expressed disapproval.{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=De Vera-Ruiz |first=Ellalyn |date=June 27, 2022 |title=PUBLiCUS survey: Duterte is most popular post-EDSA 1 president |work=Manila Bulletin |url=https://mb.com.ph/2022/06/27/publicus-survey-duterte-is-most-popular-post-edsa-1-president/ |access-date=June 28, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220627043643/https://mb.com.ph/2022/06/27/publicus-survey-duterte-is-most-popular-post-edsa-1-president/ |archive-date=June 27, 2022}}

References

External links

{{YouTube|user=RTVMalacanang|Radio TV Malacañang}}
[http://rtvm.gov.ph/main/?p=40342 President Rodrigo Duterte's Inaugural Speech.] Radio TV Malacañang.
[https://web.archive.org/web/20181113092708/https://gulfnews.com/world/asia/philippines/philippines-president-dutertes-report-card-why-he-remains-popular-1.1541940101274 Philippines President Duterte's report card: Why he remains popular]

Category:Rodrigo Duterte

Category:Presidencies of the Philippines

Category:2010s in the Philippines

Category:2020s in the Philippines

Category:2016 establishments in the Philippines

Category:2022 disestablishments in the Philippines

Presidency of Rodrigo Duterte

Election, transition, and inauguration

Administration and cabinet

Judicial appointments

=Chief Justice=

=Associate Justices=

Major activities

=Speeches=

=Major acts and legislation=

=Executive issuances=

=National budget=

Leadership style

First 100 days

Domestic affairs

=Insurgency and terrorism=

==Islamic insurgency in Mindanao==

==Campaign against terrorism==

==Campaign against communist insurgency==

=Defense=

=Crime=

== War on Drugs==

==Withdrawal from the ICC==

== Anti-corruption ==

==Presidential pardons and amnesty==

=Federalism and constitutional reform=

=Agriculture=

=Disaster resilience=

=Economy=

==Infrastructure development==

==Taxation==

==Trade==

=Education=

=Energy=

=Environment=

==Boracay and Manila Bay cleanup==

=Health=

==COVID-19 pandemic==

=Housing and urban development=

=Labor=

== Effort vs. contractualization ==

== Support for migrant workers ==

==Salary increases and employee benefits==

=National identification system=

=Social issues=

==Land reform==

==Poverty alleviation==

==Family planning and child welfare==

==Gambling policy==

==Revised water concession agreements==

==Compensation and incentives==

=Space=

=Telecommunications=

=Tourism development=

=Transportation=

=Other initiatives=

==Burial of Ferdinand Marcos==

==Administrative division changes==

Foreign affairs

=ASEAN=

=China and United States=

=Russia=

=Support for refugees=

Impeachment attempt

Elections during the Duterte presidency

=2019 mid-term election=

=2022 general election=

Approval ratings

See also

References

Further reading

External links