Pu'er City

Nanzhao set a division called Bu'ri Jian ({{lang-zh|labels=no|步日瞼}}){{NoteTag|Jian (瞼) is the proper name of the administrative division of Nanzhao.}} in 839 AD; this was the first time the region was integrated into the administrative system of a Chinese dynasty. In the Yuan dynasty, the central government changed the name to Pu'ri ({{lang-zh|labels=no|普日}}) in 1278. Finally in Ming dynasty, the name was changed to "Pu'er" ({{lang-zh|labels=no|普耳}}) in 1384. The character of "er" ({{lang-zh|labels=no|耳}}) was changed to 洱 in Wanli Emperor period. The name "普洱" (Pu'er) has continued to be used to this day.{{cite book |editor-last1=Li |editor-first1=Zi-kang |editor-last2=Zhao |editor-first2=Hua-yun |author1=Codification Committee of Annals of Pu'er Hani and Yi Autonomous County, Yunnan |date=1993 |title=普洱哈尼族彝族自治县志 |trans-title=Annals of Pu'er Hani and Yi Autonomous County |language=zh |location=Beijing |publisher=SDX Joint Publishing Company |isbn=7-108-00596-4 }}{{rp|31}} Wa scholar Ni-ga states that the original name "Bu'ri" is the exonym of Blang people in Baraoke language, a dialect of Wa language, which means "my brother".{{cite book |author=Ni-ga |title=佤族历史与文化研究 |trans-title=Studies of the History and Culture of Wa People |language=zh |location=Mangshi |publisher=Dehong Nationalities Publishing House |date=1999 |isbn=7-80525-480-X }}{{rp|83}}

Pu'er tea has the name "Pu'er" because Pu'er was the distribution centre of the tea produced in the south-west of Yunnan during the Ming and Qing dynasty.{{cite book |last=Fang |first=Guo-yu |date=2001 |chapter=普洱茶 |trans-chapter=Pu'er Tea |title=方国瑜文集（第四辑） |trans-title=Guoyu Collection Volume 4 |language=zh |location=Kunming |publisher=Yunnan Education Publishing House |isbn=7-5415-1943-X |pages=426–430 }} Pu'er tea became world-famous, and the city Pu'er also became famous as a result of the tea.{{cite journal |last=Jiang |first=Wen-zhong |date=2012 |title="普洱茶"得名历史考证 |trans-title=Study of the Etymology and the History of Pu'er Tea |language=zh |journal=云南社会科学 (Social Sciences in Yunnan) |issue=5 |pages=142–144 |doi=10.3969/j.issn.1000-8691.2012.05.030 }} The Yinsheng Festival was first established in the Nanzhao Kingdom of the Tang Dynasty. There were records of "Pu Tea" in the Ming Dynasty.

Its name was changed to Simao in 1950 following the Communist victory in the Chinese Civil War, while its surrounding county was known as Pu'er.{{citation |contribution-url=http://english.cri.cn/2946/2007/04/08/1042@213866.htm |contribution=Tea, City Share Pu'er Name |date=8 April 2007 |url=http://english.cri.cn |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061117150606/http://english.cri.cn/ |url-status=dead |archive-date=November 17, 2006 |title=CRI English |publisher=China Radio International |location=Beijing }}. In 2007, the town's name was changed back to Pu'er; the surrounding area became known as Ning'er County; and the name Simao was taken by a town and district within the city. The change had an effect on the size of the official Pu'er tea production area, a major regional product.

Pu'er is located in southern/southwestern Yunnan, on the lower reaches of the Mekong (known in Chinese as the Lancang), with the bordering prefectures being Yuxi to the northeast, Honghe to the east, Xishuangbanna to the south, Lincang to the northwest, and Dali and Chuxiong. It also shares borders with Vietnam (Điện Biên Province), Laos (Phongsaly Province), and Burma (Shan State), being the only prefecture in Yunnan to border all three countries. As with much of the province, mountainous terrain dominates its administrative area, covering 98.3%. Elevations range from {{convert|376|to|3306|m|ft}}.{{cite web |url = http://www.weather.com.cn/cityintro/101290901.shtml? |script-title=zh:普洱城市介绍以及其后背景分析——中国天气网 最好最全面天气预报信息资讯平台 |publisher = Weather China |language = zh-cn |access-date = 2012-06-30}}

Located at an altitude of above {{convert|1300|m|abbr=on}} and within a degree south of the Tropic of Cancer, Pu'er, as with much of southern Yunnan, has a warm humid subtropical climate (Köppen Cwa), with muddled distinction between the seasons and daytime temperatures remaining warm year-round.{{Cite web |title=普洱 - 气象数据 -中国天气网 |url=https://www.weather.com.cn/cityintro/101290901.shtml |access-date=2024-12-19 |website=www.weather.com.cn}} Highs peak in April and May before the core of the rainy season and reach a minimum in December; however, the warmest and coolest months are June and January, respectively at {{convert|23.0|°C|1}} and {{convert|13.7|°C|1}}; the annual mean is {{convert|19.3|°C|1}}. June through September accounts for nearly 70% of the annual rainfall of {{convert|1442|mm|in|abbr=on}} and during this time, some rainfall occurs on most days, pushing relative humidity above 80% and there is a marked reduction in sunshine. With monthly percent possible sunshine ranging from 27% in July to 69% in February, the city receives 2,206 hours of bright sunshine annually.

{{Weather box|width=auto

|metric first=y

|single line=y

|collapsed = Y

|location = Pu'er (Simao District), elevation {{convert|1302|m|ft|abbr=on}}, (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1971–2010)

|Jan high C = 21.1

|Feb high C = 23.6

|Mar high C = 26.7

|Apr high C = 28.6

|May high C = 28.6

|Jun high C = 27.9

|Jul high C = 26.9

|Aug high C = 27.2

|Sep high C = 26.8

|Oct high C = 25.0

|Nov high C = 22.9

|Dec high C = 20.5

|Jan mean C = 13.7

|Feb mean C = 15.4

|Mar mean C = 18.6

|Apr mean C = 21.1

|May mean C = 22.4

|Jun mean C = 23.0

|Jul mean C = 22.5

|Aug mean C = 22.4

|Sep mean C = 21.7

|Oct mean C = 20.0

|Nov mean C = 16.8

|Dec mean C = 14.0

|Jan low C = 8.7

|Feb low C = 9.4

|Mar low C = 12.2

|Apr low C = 15.3

|May low C = 18.1

|Jun low C = 20.1

|Jul low C = 20.1

|Aug low C = 19.8

|Sep low C = 18.9

|Oct low C = 17.0

|Nov low C = 13.1

|Dec low C = 9.9

|Jan record high C = 27.6 |Jan record low C = -2.5

|Feb record high C = 29.8 |Feb record low C = 2.4

|Mar record high C = 32.0 |Mar record low C = 0.8

|Apr record high C = 34.0 |Apr record low C = 7.1

|May record high C = 35.7 |May record low C = 10.8

|Jun record high C = 33.5 |Jun record low C = 14.5

|Jul record high C = 31.8 |Jul record low C = 15.0

|Aug record high C = 32.3 |Aug record low C = 14.8

|Sep record high C = 31.0 |Sep record low C = 11.3

|Oct record high C = 30.1 |Oct record low C = 4.9

|Nov record high C = 27.3 |Nov record low C = 2.0

|Dec record high C = 25.5 |Dec record low C = −0.9

|precipitation colour = green

|Jan precipitation mm = 27.3

|Feb precipitation mm = 15.3

|Mar precipitation mm = 27.7

|Apr precipitation mm = 54.9

|May precipitation mm = 138.7

|Jun precipitation mm = 200.5

|Jul precipitation mm = 322.4

|Aug precipitation mm = 286.1

|Sep precipitation mm = 175.9

|Oct precipitation mm = 119.7

|Nov precipitation mm = 49.5

|Dec precipitation mm = 24.2

|Jan humidity = 75

|Feb humidity = 66

|Mar humidity = 60

|Apr humidity = 63

|May humidity = 71

|Jun humidity = 80

|Jul humidity = 84

|Aug humidity = 84

|Sep humidity = 82

|Oct humidity = 81

|Nov humidity = 80

|Dec humidity = 80

|unit precipitation days = 0.1 mm

|Jan precipitation days = 4.0

|Feb precipitation days = 3.3

|Mar precipitation days = 4.5

|Apr precipitation days = 9.0

|May precipitation days = 15.7

|Jun precipitation days = 21.5

|Jul precipitation days = 25.3

|Aug precipitation days = 24.2

|Sep precipitation days = 19.3

|Oct precipitation days = 14.1

|Nov precipitation days = 6.2

|Dec precipitation days = 4.2

|year precipitation days =

|Jan sun = 228.4

|Feb sun = 224.0

|Mar sun = 235.9

|Apr sun = 239.1

|May sun = 210.1

|Jun sun = 148.1

|Jul sun = 111.7

|Aug sun = 128.3

|Sep sun = 146.1

|Oct sun = 152.1

|Nov sun = 187.6

|Dec sun = 194.5

|year sun =

| Jan percentsun = 68

| Feb percentsun = 69

| Mar percentsun = 63

| Apr percentsun = 63

| May percentsun = 51

| Jun percentsun = 37

| Jul percentsun = 27

| Aug percentsun = 32

| Sep percentsun = 40

| Oct percentsun = 43

| Nov percentsun = 57

| Dec percentsun = 59

| year percentsun =

|source 1 = China Meteorological Administration{{cite web |url=http://data.cma.cn/data/weatherBk.html |script-title=zh:中国气象数据网 – WeatherBk Data |publisher=China Meteorological Administration |language = zh-hans |access-date=10 April 2023}}

{{cite web|url=https://experience.arcgis.com/template/e724038fda394e9d9b7921f10fd1aa55/page/%E7%BA%AF%E8%A1%A8%E6%A0%BC%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1-(%E5%AF%B9%E6%AF%948110%E5%8F%98%E5%8C%96)/?org=UQmaps |script-title=zh:中国气象数据网|publisher=China Meteorological Administration |language = zh-hans | access-date =10 April 2023 |title=Experience Template }}

| source 2 = Weather China{{cite web

| url = http://www.weather.com.cn/cityintro/101290901.shtml?

| script-title=zh:普洱 - 气象数据 -中国天气网

| publisher = Weather China

| language = zh

| access-date = 26 November 2022}}

}}

According to the Seventh National Census in 2020, the city’s Permanent Population (hukou) was 2,404,954.{{cite book |author=Pu’er Statistics Bureau|title="Puer 2020 Seventh National Census Main Data Bulletin"}} Compared with the Sixth National Census, the ten-year decrease was 137,944, a decrease of 5.42%. The average annual decrease of 13,794 people, the average annual growth rate of -0.55%. Among them, there are 1,264,767 males, accounting for 52.59% of the total population; 1,140,187 females, accounting for 47.41% of the total population. The sex ratio of the total population (female is 100) is 110.93. The population aged 0–14 is 451,650, accounting for 18.78%; the population aged 15–59 is 1,574,042, accounting for 65.45%; the population aged 60 and over is 379,502, accounting for 15.78%. The population living in cities and towns was 974,728, accounting for 40.53% of the total population; the population living in rural areas was 1,430,226, accounting for 59.47% of the total population.

At the end of 2023 and the beginning of 2024, the permanent population will be 2.34 million.{{Cite web |title=2024年[云南]普洱市人口第七次人口普查数据和历史人口数据 年龄金字塔结构 民族组成情况-红黑人口库 |url=https://www.hongheiku.com/shijirenkou/2128.html |access-date=2024-12-19 |website=www.hongheiku.com}}

Among the resident population, the Han population is 991,585, accounting for 38.99% of the total population; the ethnic minorities population is 1,551,313, accounting for 61.01% of the total population.There are 26 ethnic groups, 14 permanent ethnic groups, 5 main ethnic minorities, and 5 "direct ethnic groups".

{{Clear}}

• Asian Highway Network AH3 It is a highway in the Asian Highway system, 7,331 kilometers (4,555 miles) long.{{Cite web |title=亚洲公路3号线 - 求闻百科，共笔求闻 |url=https://www.qiuwenbaike.cn/wiki/%E4%BA%9E%E6%B4%B2%E5%85%AC%E8%B7%AF3%E8%99%9F%E7%B7%9A |access-date=2024-12-19 |website=求闻百科 |language=zh-Hans-CN}}
• China National Highway 213 This national highway is a national highway in northwest and southwest China. It starts from Xigu District, Lanzhou City and ends at Mengla County, Xishuangbanna Autonomous Prefecture. It has a total length of 2,827 kilometers and passes through the four provinces of Gansu, Sichuan, Guizhou and Yunnan.{{Cite web |title=213国道 - 搜狗百科 |url=https://baike.sogou.com/v40756.htm |access-date=2024-12-19 |website=baike.sogou.com}}
• Kunming–Bangkok Expressway The total length is 1,880 kilometers, starting from the Kunming Toll Station at the entrance of Kunming Yuxi Expressway in the east and ending in Bangkok, Thailand. The entire line consists of a section in China, a section in Laos and a section in Thailand. It was officially opened to traffic in December 2008.{{Cite web |title=昆曼公路:全程簡介,公路狀況,意義,玩轉昆曼大通道,_中文百科全書 |url=https://www.newton.com.tw/wiki/%E6%98%86%E6%9B%BC%E5%85%AC%E8%B7%AF#google_vignette |access-date=2024-12-19 |website=www.newton.com.tw}}
• Pu'er Simao Airport Pu'er Simao Airport is located at the southeastern foothills of Wuliang Mountain in southwest Yunnan and east of the Lancang River. The airport covers an area of 1,487 acres. The flight area is graded 4C. The runway is 2,500 meters long, 45 meters wide, and has 3 parking spaces.{{Cite web |title=普洱思茅机场 - 搜狗百科 |url=https://baike.sogou.com/v140390960.htm |access-date=2024-12-19 |website=baike.sogou.com}}
• Pu'er Railway Station opened on December 3, 2021, can be reached by high-speed rail to Kunming, capital of Yunnan province, and other cities.

{{Reflist|group=note}}

{{Reflist}}

{{Commons category}}

• {{Official website|http://www.puershi.gov.cn/ }}
• [https://web.archive.org/web/20090830210511/http://english.cri.cn/2946/2007/04/08/1042@213866.htm Tea, City Share Pu'er Name]

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Category:Cities in Yunnan

Category:National Civilized City