Pycnonotus
{{Short description|Genus of birds}}
{{Automatic taxobox
| image = Olive-winged Bulbul.jpg
| image_caption = Olive-winged bulbul (Pycnonotus plumosus)
| taxon = Pycnonotus
| authority = F. Boie, 1826
| type_species = Turdus capensis (Cape bulbul)
| type_species_authority = Linnaeus, 1766
| synonyms =
- Brachypus
- Haematornis
- Kelaartia
- Micropus
- Molpastes
- Oreoctistes
- Otocompsa
- Xanthiscus
}}
File:Yellow Vented Bulbul Pycnonotus goiavier.jpg (Pycnonotus goiavier)]]
Pycnonotus is a genus of frugivorous passerine birds in the bulbul family Pycnonotidae.
Taxonomy and systematics
The genus Pycnonotus was introduced by the German zoologist Friedrich Boie in 1826 with the Cape bulbul as the type species.{{ cite journal | last=Boie | first=Friedrich | author-link=Friedrich Boie | year=1826 | title=Generalübersicht | journal=Isis von Oken | volume=19 | at=Col 973 | language=German | url=https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/27511178 }} The name of the genus combines the Ancient Greek words puknos "thick" or "compact" and -nōtos "-backed".{{cite book | last=Jobling | first=James A. | year=2010| title=The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names | publisher=Christopher Helm | location=London | isbn=978-1-4081-2501-4 | page=325 }}
| class="wikitable" | |||
| Image | Scientific name | Common Name | Distribution |
|---|---|---|---|
| 125px | Cream-vented bulbul | Pycnonotus simplex | Malesia |
| 125px | Olive-winged bulbul | Pycnonotus plumosus | Malesia |
| 125px | Asian red-eyed bulbul | Pycnonotus brunneus | Malesia |
| - | Straw-headed bulbul | Pycnonotus zeylanicus | Malesia |
| - | Spot-necked bulbul | Pycnonotus tympanistrigus | Bukit Barisan |
| - | Cream-eyed bulbul | Pycnonotus pseudosimplex | northern Borneo |
| 125px | Ashy-fronted bulbul | Pycnonotus cinereifrons | Palawan |
| 125px | White-browed bulbul | Pycnonotus luteolus | South Asia |
| - | Ayeyarwady bulbul | Pycnonotus blanfordi | Myanmar |
| 125px | Streak-eared bulbul | Pycnonotus conradi | Indochina |
| 125px | Stripe-throated bulbul | Pycnonotus finlaysoni | Indochina |
| 125px | Pale-eyed bulbul | Pycnonotus davisoni | Myanmar |
| 125px | Flavescent bulbul | Pycnonotus flavescens | Northeast India and northern Indochina |
| - | Aceh bulbul | Pycnonotus snouckaerti | northern Sumatra |
| 125px | Orange-spotted bulbul | Pycnonotus bimaculatus | montane Sumatra, Java and Bali |
| 125px | Pale-faced bulbul | Pycnonotus leucops | montane Borneo |
| 125px | Yellow-throated bulbul | Pycnonotus xantholaemus | southern India |
| 125px | Yellow-eared bulbul | Pycnonotus penicillatus | Sri Lanka |
| 125px | Brown-breasted bulbul | Pycnonotus xanthorrhous | China and northern Indochina |
| 125px | Light-vented bulbul | Pycnonotus sinensis | China and Taiwan |
| 125px | Styan's bulbul | Pycnonotus taivanus | Taiwan |
| 125px | Red-whiskered bulbul | Pycnonotus jocosus | South India, southern China and Indochina |
| 125px | Yellow-vented bulbul | Pycnonotus goiavier | Southeast Asia |
| 125px | Red-vented bulbul | Pycnonotus cafer | South Asia and Myanmar |
| 125px | Sooty-headed bulbul | Pycnonotus aurigaster | southern China and Indochina |
| 125px | White-eared bulbul | Pycnonotus leucotis | Irak, Persian Gulf to northwestern India |
| 125px | Himalayan bulbul | Pycnonotus leucogenys | Himalayas |
| 125px | White-spectacled bulbul | Pycnonotus xanthopygos | Middle East |
| 125px | African red-eyed bulbul | Pycnonotus nigricans | southern Africa |
| 125px | Common bulbul | Pycnonotus barbatus | Africa |
| 125px | Cape bulbul | Pycnonotus capensis | fynbos of South Africa |
=Former species=
In previous circumscriptions the genus Pycnonotus was considerably larger. Recent taxonomic revisions have seen many species transferred to other genera.
In 2010, eighteen former Pycnonotus species were reclassified into different genera, either directly from Pycnonotus or from the genus Andropadus, to which they had already been transferred by some authorities. These changes were as follows:
- one species was transferred to genus Stelgidillas.{{Cite web|url=http://www.worldbirdnames.org/updates/archives/taxonomy-version-2/|title=Taxonomy Version 2 « IOC World Bird List|website=www.worldbirdnames.org|language=en-US|access-date=2017-04-02}}
- Slender-billed greenbul ( former Pycnonotus gracilirostri or Pycnonotus gracilirostris){{Cite web|url=http://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?avibaseid=5D82C13BD6554647|title=Stelgidillas gracilirostris - Avibase|website=avibase.bsc-eoc.org|access-date=2017-04-07}}
- twelve species were transferred to genus Arizelocichla:
- Shelley's greenbul (former Pycnonotus masukuensis){{Cite web|url=http://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?lang=EN&avibaseid=A8A60306&sec=summary&ssver=1|title=Arizelocichla masukuensis - Avibase|website=avibase.bsc-eoc.org|access-date=2017-04-02}}
- Kakamega greenbul (nominate) (former Pycnonotus kakamegae){{Cite web|url=http://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?lang=EN&avibaseid=0CE60D71&sec=summary&ssver=1|title=Arizelocichla kakamegae kakamegae - Avibase|website=avibase.bsc-eoc.org|access-date=2017-04-02}}
- Cameroon greenbul (former Pycnonotus montanus, as Arizelocichla montana){{Cite web|url=http://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?avibaseid=0802ADF11D68826E|title=Arizelocichla montana - Avibase|website=avibase.bsc-eoc.org|access-date=2017-04-03}}
- Western greenbul (former Pycnonotus tephrolaemus){{Cite web|url=http://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?avibaseid=DA399CC6AFD9B0DA|title=Arizelocichla tephrolaema - Avibase|website=avibase.bsc-eoc.org|access-date=2017-04-03}}
- Olive-breasted greenbul (former Pycnonotus tephrolaema)
- Mountain greenbul (former Pycnonotus nigriceps){{Cite web|url=http://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?lang=EN&avibaseid=429A09C3&sec=summary&ssver=1|title=Arizelocichla nigriceps nigriceps - Avibase|website=avibase.bsc-eoc.org|access-date=2017-04-07}}
- Uluguru greenbul (former Pycnonotus neumanni)
- Black-browed greenbul (former Pycnonotus fusciceps)
- Yellow-throated greenbul (former Pycnonotus chlorigula){{Cite web|url=http://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?lang=EN&avibaseid=B421F18C&sec=summary&ssver=1|title=Arizelocichla chlorigula - Avibase|website=avibase.bsc-eoc.org|access-date=2017-04-06}}
- Stripe-cheeked greenbul (former Pycnonotus milanjensis){{Cite web|url=http://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?lang=EN&avibaseid=8479F56E&sec=summary&ssver=1|title=Arizelocichla milanjensis - Avibase|website=avibase.bsc-eoc.org|access-date=2017-04-06}}
- Olive-headed greenbul (former Pycnonotus olivaceiceps){{Cite web|url=http://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?avibaseid=3754823802AF0CB3|title=Arizelocichla olivaceiceps - Avibase|website=avibase.bsc-eoc.org|access-date=2017-04-06}}
- Stripe-faced greenbul (former Pycnonotus strifacies)
- five species were transferred to genus Eurillas:
- Little greenbul (former Pycnonotus virens){{Cite web|url=http://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?lang=EN&avibaseid=3413C42C&sec=summary&ssver=1|title=Eurillas virens [incl. hallae] - Avibase|website=avibase.bsc-eoc.org|access-date=2017-04-07}}
- Little grey greenbul (former Pycnonotus gracilis){{Cite web|url=http://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?avibaseid=486103D72507F76C|title=Eurillas gracilis - Avibase|website=avibase.bsc-eoc.org|access-date=2017-04-09}}
- Ansorge's greenbul (former Pycnonotus ansorgei){{Cite web|url=http://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?avibaseid=0EA5F2E1D8BCF439|title=Eurillas ansorgei - Avibase|website=avibase.bsc-eoc.org|access-date=2017-04-09}}
- Plain greenbul (former Pycnonotus curvirostris){{Cite web|url=http://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?avibaseid=0B325B7FBE1DC251|title=Eurillas curvirostris - Avibase|website=avibase.bsc-eoc.org|access-date=2017-04-09}}
- Yellow-whiskered greenbul (former Pycnonotus latirostris){{Cite web|url=http://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?lang=EN&avibaseid=728B225E752DB2FD|title=Eurillas latirostris - Avibase|website=avibase.bsc-eoc.org|access-date=2017-04-10}}
In 2020, a further 17 species were transferred to other genera:{{BioRef|IOC|title=Taxonomic Updates |url=https://www.worldbirdnames.org/updates/taxonomy/ |access-date=3 August 2020}}
- Black-and-white bulbul (former Pycnonotus melanoleucos, moved to the monotypic genus Microtarsus)
- Puff-backed bulbul (former Pycnonotus eutilotus, moved to the monotypic genus Eutilotus)
- Yellow-wattled bulbul (former Pycnonotus urostictus, moved to monotypic genus Poliolophus)
- Two species to genus Alcurus:
- Striated bulbul (former Pycnonotus striatus)
- Spot-necked bulbul (former Pycnonotus tympanistrigus)
- Four species to genus Brachypodius:
- Grey-headed bulbul (former Pycnonotus priocephalus)
- Black-headed bulbul (former Pycnonotus atriceps, as Brachypodius melanocephalos; the species epithet melanocephalos has priority over atriceps)
- Andaman bulbul (former Pycnonotus fuscoflavescens)
- Blue-wattled bulbul (former Pycnonotus nieuwenhuisii)
- Three species to genus Ixodia:
- Spectacled bulbul (former Pycnonotus erythropthalmos)
- Grey-bellied bulbul (former Pycnonotus cyaniventris)
- Scaly-breasted bulbul (former Pycnonotus squamatus)
- Five species to genus Rubigula:
- Black-crested bulbul (former Pycnonotus flaviventris)
- Flame-throated bulbul (former Pycnonotus gularis)
- Black-capped bulbul (former Pycnonotus melanicterus)
- Ruby-throated bulbul (former Pycnonotus dispar)
- Bornean bulbul (former Pycnonotus montis)
Other former Pycnonotus species include:
- Sombre greenbul (former Pycnonotus importunus, now Andropadus importunus){{Cite web|url=http://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?lang=EN&avibaseid=79A45DAF&sec=summary&ssver=1|title=Andropadus importunus - Avibase|website=avibase.bsc-eoc.org|access-date=2017-04-10}}
- Yellow-throated leaflove (former Haematornis flavicollis or Pycnonotus flavicollis, now Atimastillas flavicollis){{Cite web|url=http://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?lang=EN&avibaseid=C73137EA&sec=summary&ssver=1|title=Atimastillas flavicollis - Avibase|website=avibase.bsc-eoc.org|access-date=2017-04-16}}{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cItIAAAAYAAJ&dq=%22Xenocichla+flavicollis%22&pg=PA97|title=Catalogue of the Birds in the British Museum: Passeriformes, or perching birds. Cichlomorphœ: pt. III-IV, containing the ... family Timeliidœ (babbling-thrushes) by R.B. Sharpe|date=1881-01-01|publisher=order of the Trustees|language=en}}
- Hairy-backed bulbul (former Brachypodius criniger, now Tricholestes criniger){{Cite web|url=http://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?avibaseid=260C7E7722616EA0|title=Tricholestes criniger - Avibase|website=avibase.bsc-eoc.org|access-date=2017-06-02}}
- Bare-faced bulbul (former Pycnonotus hualon, now Nok hualon){{Cite journal|last1=Fuchs|first1=Jérôme|last2=Pasquet|first2=Eric|last3=Stuart|first3=Bryan L.|last4=Woxvold|first4=Iain A.|last5=Duckworth|first5=J. W.|last6=Bowie|first6=Rauri C. K.|date=2018|title=Phylogenetic affinities of the enigmatic Bare-faced Bulbul Pycnonotus hualon with description of a new genus|journal=Ibis|language=en|volume=160|issue=3|pages=659–665|doi=10.1111/ibi.12580|issn=1474-919X}}
- Cream-striped bulbul (former Pycnonotus leucogrammicus, now Hemixos leucogrammicus){{cite journal|last1=Shakya|first1=Subir B.|last2=Sheldon|first2=Frederick H.|title=The phylogeny of the world's bulbuls (Pycnonotidae) inferred using a supermatrix approach|journal=Ibis|volume=159|issue=3|year=2017|pages=498–509|issn=0019-1019|doi=10.1111/ibi.12464|doi-access=free}}
References
{{Reflist}}
External links
- {{Commons category-inline}}
{{Passerida|S.|state=collapsed}}
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Category:Taxa named by Friedrich Boie
Category:Taxonomy articles created by Polbot
{{Pycnonotidae-stub}}