Quy Nhon

{{Infobox settlement

| name = Quy Nhon

| official_name = Quy Nhon City
{{nobold|{{lang|vi|Thành phố Quy Nhơn}} }}

| other_name =

| native_name = Quy Nhơn

| native_name_lang = vi

| nickname =

| settlement_type = Provincial city (Class-1)

| translit_lang1_type = Vietnamese language

| translit_lang1_info = Thành phố Quy Nhơn

| total_type =

| motto =

| image_skyline = Skyline of Quy Nhon.jpg

| imagesize = 260

| image_caption = Quy Nhon

| image_flag =

| flag_size =

| image_seal = Logo_Quy_Nhơn,_Bình_Định.svg

| seal_size =

| image_shield =

| shield_size =

| image_blank_emblem =

| blank_emblem_type =

| blank_emblem_size =

| image_map = {{Infobox mapframe|frame-width=280|frame-height=280}}

| mapsize =

| map_caption =

| image_map1 =

| mapsize1 =

| map_caption1 =

| image_dot_map =

| dot_mapsize =

| dot_map_caption =

| dot_x =

| dot_y =

| pushpin_map = Vietnam

| pushpin_label_position =

| pushpin_map_caption = Location of in Vietnam

| pushpin_mapsize =

| subdivision_type = Country

| subdivision_name = {{flag|Vietnam}}

| subdivision_type1 = Province

| subdivision_name1 = Bình Định

| subdivision_type2 =

| subdivision_name2 =

| seat_type =

| seat =

| government_footnotes =

| government_type =

| leader_title =

| leader_name =

| leader_title1 =

| leader_name1 =

| established_title = Established city

| established_date = 1986

| area_magnitude =

| unit_pref =

| area_footnotes =

| area_total_km2 = 286

| area_land_km2 =

| area_water_km2 =

| area_total_sq_mi =

| area_land_sq_mi =

| area_water_sq_mi =

| area_water_percent =

| elevation_footnotes =

| elevation_m =

| elevation_ft =

| elevation_max_m =

| elevation_max_ft =

| elevation_min_m =

| elevation_min_ft =

| population_as_of = 2024

| population_footnotes =

| population_note =

| population_total = 519.208 {{cite web|title= Tổng điều tra dân số và nhà ở Việt Nam năm 2009: Kết quả toàn bộ|url=http://www.gso.gov.vn/Modules/Doc_Download.aspx?DocID=12724 |publisher=Ban chỉ đạo Tổng điều tra dân số và nhà ở trung ương |page=23}}

| population_density_km2 = 1.885

| population_density_sq_mi =

| timezone = Indochina Time

| utc_offset = +7

| timezone_DST =

| utc_offset_DST =

| area_code = 256

| area_code_type = Area codes

| registration_plate_type = License plate

| registration_plate = 77

| postal_code_type = Postal code

| postal_code = 55100–55199

| blank_name = Climate

| blank_info = As

| coor_type =

| coordinates = {{coord|13|46|N|109|14|E|region:VN|display=inline}}

}}

Quy Nhon ({{langx|vi|Quy Nhơn}} {{IPA|vi|kʷī ɲə̄ːŋ||Qui Nhon.ogg}}) is a coastal city in Bình Định province in central Vietnam. It is composed of 16 wards and five communes with a total of {{convert|286|km2|abbr=on}}. Quy Nhon is the capital of Bình Định province. As of 2022 its population was 481.110. Historically, the commercial activities of the city focused on agriculture and fishing. In recent years, however, there has been a significant shift towards service industries and tourism. There is also a substantial manufacturing sector.

History

The origins of human settlement stretch back to the 11th-century Champa culture, the Tây Sơn dynasty as well as the 18th-century seaport of Thị Nại. The city was subject to a Mongol invasion in the Battle of Thị Nại Bay (1283) during the Mongol invasions of Vietnam. During the Ming treasure voyages of the 15th century, the Chinese fleet led by Admiral Zheng He would always make port at Quy Nhon in Champa as their first destination after leaving China.{{cite book | last=Dreyer | first=Edward L. | title=Zheng He: China and the Oceans in the Early Ming Dynasty, 1405–1433 | year=2007 | publisher=Pearson Longman | location=New York | isbn=9780321084439 | author-link=Edward L. Dreyer | page=52}} During the 1620s the town was host to Portuguese Jesuits who called the place Pulo Cambi.

The town of Quy Nhon was officially founded in the late 19th century by Emperor Thành Thái. It was also the site of the Bombardment of Qui Nhơn in 1861, and more recently, it had a large American and Korean military presence, especially the Capital Mechanized Infantry Division of the Republic of Korea Army during the Vietnam War.{{cite book|last1=Larsen|first1=Stanley|last2=Collins|first2=Lawton|title=Allied Participation in Vietnam|publisher=Department of the Army|year=1985|url=https://history.army.mil/html/books/090/90-5-1/index.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150908123956/http://www.history.army.mil/html/books/090/90-5-1/index.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=September 8, 2015|isbn=9781410225016|page=130}}{{PD-notice}}

Today the city is recognized as a first class city with a geo-economic priority and an urbanized infrastructure. The government describes it as one of the three commercial and tourism centres of the central southern coastal region (with Da Nang and Nha Trang).

Geography

File:QuyNhonBeach1.jpg

Quy Nhon has a varied topography, being extremely diversified with mountains and forests, hills, fields, salt marshes, plains, lagoons, lakes, rivers, shorelines, peninsulas and islands. Its coastline is {{convert|42|km|mi|0|disp=or}} long with sandy beaches, abundant seafood resources and other natural products of economic value. Hà Thanh River flows through city.

The city has sixteen wards: Trần Hưng Đạo, Lê Lợi, Lê Hồng Phong, Trần Phú, Lý Thường Kiệt, Nguyễn Văn Cừ, Đống Đa, Thị Nại, Hải Cảng, Ngô Mây, Ghềnh Ráng, Quang Trung, Nhơn Bình, Nhơn Phú, Bùi Thị Xuân and Trần Quang Diệu. It has five villages: Nhơn Lý, Nhơn Hội, Nhơn Châu, Nhơn Hải and Phước Mỹ (which was spun off from Tuy Phước district and merged into Quy Nhon city in 2006) with a total area of {{convert|284.28|sqkm|sqmi|2|disp=or}} and a population of about 284,000 people.

Climate

Quy Nhon has a tropical monsoon climate (Am), very close to being classified as a tropical savanna climate (Köppen As), with year round very warm to hot temperatures and distinct wet and dry seasons. The city is occasionally hit by the tail-end of typhoons hitting further up the coast.{{cite journal|last1=Kottek|first1=Markus|last2=Grieser|first2=Jürgen|last3=Beck|first3=Christoph|last4=Rudolf|first4=Bruno |last5=Rubel|first5=Franz|title=World Map of the Köppen-Geiger climate classification updated|journal=Meteorologische Zeitschrift|date=2006|volume=15|issue=3|pages=259–263|doi=10.1127/0941-2948/2006/0130|bibcode=2006MetZe..15..259K|url=https://opus.bibliothek.uni-augsburg.de/opus4/files/40083/metz_Vol_15_No_3_p259-263_World_Map_of_the_Koppen_Geiger_climate_classification_updated_55034.pdf}}{{cite journal |author1=Peel, M. C. |author2=Finlayson B. L. |author3=McMahon, T. A. |name-list-style=amp |year=2007 |title=Updated world map of the Köppen–Geiger climate classification |journal=Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. |volume=11 |issue=5 |pages=1633–1644 |doi=10.5194/hess-11-1633-2007 |bibcode=2007HESS...11.1633P |issn=1027-5606|url=https://www.hydrol-earth-syst-sci.net/11/1633/2007/hess-11-1633-2007.pdf |doi-access=free }}

{{Weather box

|width = auto

|location = Quy Nhon

|metric first=y

|single line=y

|Jan high C = 26.6

|Feb high C = 27.7

|Mar high C = 29.3

|Apr high C = 31.3

|May high C = 33.1

|Jun high C = 34.2

|Jul high C = 34.3

|Aug high C = 34.3

|Sep high C = 32.8

|Oct high C = 30.2

|Nov high C = 28.3

|Dec high C = 26.7

|year high C = 30.7

|Jan mean C = 23.3

|Feb mean C = 24.1

|Mar mean C = 25.6

|Apr mean C = 27.6

|May mean C = 29.2

|Jun mean C = 30.0

|Jul mean C = 30.0

|Aug mean C = 29.9

|Sep mean C = 28.6

|Oct mean C = 26.9

|Nov mean C = 25.6

|Dec mean C = 24.0

|year mean C = 27.1

|Jan low C = 21.2

|Feb low C = 21.7

|Mar low C = 23.1

|Apr low C = 25.0

|May low C = 26.4

|Jun low C = 27.1

|Jul low C = 27.0

|Aug low C = 27.0

|Sep low C = 25.8

|Oct low C = 24.6

|Nov low C = 23.6

|Dec low C = 22.1

|year low C = 24.6

|Jan record high C = 34.6 |Jan record low C = 15.2

|Feb record high C = 37.9 |Feb record low C = 15.7

|Mar record high C = 39.8 |Mar record low C = 15.8

|Apr record high C = 42.1 |Apr record low C = 19.4

|May record high C = 41.7 |May record low C = 19.1

|Jun record high C = 41.4 |Jun record low C = 21.7

|Jul record high C = 42.1 |Jul record low C = 20.6

|Aug record high C = 40.9 |Aug record low C = 20.7

|Sep record high C = 39.0 |Sep record low C = 20.5

|Oct record high C = 37.3 |Oct record low C = 17.9

|Nov record high C = 34.6 |Nov record low C = 15.0

|Dec record high C = 33.0 |Dec record low C = 15.5

|year record high C = 42.1 |year record low C = 15.0

|rain colour = green

|Jan rain mm = 66.8

|Feb rain mm = 28.2

|Mar rain mm = 33.0

|Apr rain mm = 33.8

|May rain mm = 85.2

|Jun rain mm = 62.1

|Jul rain mm = 44.2

|Aug rain mm = 77.2

|Sep rain mm = 230.6

|Oct rain mm = 521.0

|Nov rain mm = 464.3

|Dec rain mm = 205.5

|year rain mm = 1851.8

|Jan rain days = 13.6

|Feb rain days = 6.6

|Mar rain days = 5.4

|Apr rain days = 4.7

|May rain days = 8.6

|Jun rain days = 7.8

|Jul rain days = 7.2

|Aug rain days = 9.5

|Sep rain days = 15.7

|Oct rain days = 21.4

|Nov rain days = 21.9

|Dec rain days = 19.1

|year rain days = 141.4

|Jan humidity = 80.9

|Feb humidity = 81.6

|Mar humidity = 82.5

|Apr humidity = 82.2

|May humidity = 79.5

|Jun humidity = 73.5

|Jul humidity = 71.7

|Aug humidity = 70.8

|Sep humidity = 77.8

|Oct humidity = 82.5

|Nov humidity = 83.2

|Dec humidity = 81.8

|year humidity = 79.0

|Jan sun = 154.8

|Feb sun = 187.4

|Mar sun = 237.7

|Apr sun = 261.4

|May sun = 273.2

|Jun sun = 248.2

|Jul sun = 249.4

|Aug sun = 235.7

|Sep sun = 199.3

|Oct sun = 163.1

|Nov sun = 123.2

|Dec sun = 111.4

|year sun = 2444.6

|source 1 = Vietnam Institute for Building Science and Technology{{cite web|title=Vietnam Institute for Building Science and Technology|url=https://datafiles.chinhphu.vn/cpp/files/vbpq/2022/10/02-bxd.pdf |lang=en}}

|source 2 = The Yearbook of Indochina (1932-1933)[https://seadelt.net/Asset/Source/Document_ID-247_No-01.PDF The Yearbook of Indochina (1932-1933)]

}}

Transportation

File:Phucatairport2.jpg]]

Quy Nhon is served by Vietnam Airlines, Bamboo Airways, VietJet Air and Pacific Airlines through Phu Cat Airport, with flights to Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City.{{cite web|title=Domestic flights in Vietnam|url=http://www.indochinatravelservice.com/flight/domestic_flights_in_vietnam.html|work=Indochina Travel Service|publisher=Dong Duong Co|access-date=15 October 2012|language=vi, en|year=2012}}

Quy Nhơn railway station could be reached by a branch off the main line of the North–South railway,{{cite web |title=Vietnam Railways |url=http://www.vr.com.vn/English/hientaihoatdong.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100418132723/http://www.vr.com.vn/English/hientaihoatdong.html |archive-date=April 18, 2010 |access-date=November 21, 2009}} but this line was suspended in May 2016. Reunification express trains stop only in Diêu Trì railway station, which is around {{convert|10|km|mi|0|disp=or}} west of Quy Nhon.

Economy

Image:FLC Quy Nhơn.jpg

Quy Nhon is one of the main industrial centres of the South Central Coast, behind only Da Nang and Nha Trang.Atlat Dia li Viet Nam (Geographical Atlas of Vietnam). NXB Giao Duc, Hanoi: 2010 It is also the major industrial and service centre of Bình Định Province, including its largest industrial facilities at Phu Tai Industrial Park and Nhơn Hội Economic Zone. The city's economic activities include industries, export-imports, seaport services, aquatic product husbandry and tourism. The economic trend, at present, is increasingly service-based at the expense of agriculture, forestry and pisciculture.

Cereals are cultivated on 2548 ha of Quy Nhon's land with an output of 13,021 tons as of 2009, just 2% of the province's total.Bình Định Statistics Office (2010): Bình Định Statistical Yearbook 2009. Statistical Publishing House, Hanoi Other crops included 10,891 tons of vegetables, 2,795 tons of sugar-cane, as well as smaller amounts of coconuts, peanuts and cashew nuts.

Much of the city's industry is concentrated in and around Phu Tai Industrial Park in the west of the city along National Route 1A. Quy Nhon is a major centre of garden furniture manufacturing. It has traditionally been relying on access to wood from Bình Định's forests as well as the Central Highlands provinces of Gia Lai and Kon Tum and even as far as Cambodia's Ratanakiri and Laos' Attapeu province. Most of the furniture factories are located in Phu Tai Industrial Park. Several chemical enterprises that supply the furniture and wood processing industry have been set up in the vicinity of the industrial park.People's Committee Bình Định (2007): Yearbook of Information on Enterprises in Bình Định Province. Labour Publishing House, Hanoi: 162–165

Other industries in Quy Nhon process agricultural and aquatic products, or produce construction materials and paper products. Bidiphar is a pharmaceutical company headquartered in Quy Nhon that is an exception to the city's general focus on basic and wood processing industries. Nhơn Hội Economic Zone is central to the city's and province's industrial development plans. However, as of late 2010 it was still in the early stages of development, with few factories completed.

Quy Nhon has seen only limited foreign investment. As of 2008, thirteen foreign companies employed 1119 people in the city.

Currently the economic structure of Quy Nhon is a shift towards increasing the proportion of service industries, reducing the rate of agriculture, forestry and fisheries in GDP. The shares of agriculture, forestry and fisheries – industrial and construction – services in GDP in 2006 reached 36.7%, 28% and 35.3%, respectively, while in 2005 it was at 38.4%, 26.7% and 34.9%, respectively.

The income per capita in 2018 was US$6,025 per person.

Education

File:Một góc Quốc học Quy Nhơn.jpg

Quy Nhon has two universities: Quy Nhon University and Quang Trung University. As of 2009 they had a total teaching staff of 601 and 23,383 students, 13,704 of whom were female. There were 19,900 primary school students and 28,500 secondary school students.

Cuisine

Quy Nhon is home to multiple domestically famous Vietnamese dishes:

Bánh xèo tôm nhảy (jumping-shrimps fried pancake): These pancakes are made with special formulas and each restaurant has its own way of making distinguished dipping fish sauce for this dish.
Bánh hỏi cháo lòng: The dish composes of two sub-dishes: "Bánh hỏi" (a type of rice cake in Vietnam) and "cháo lòng" (pig's internal organs porridge).
Bún chả cá (fish-cake rice vermicelli).
Chả ram tôm đất (shrimp spring roll).