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Romanian Cyrillic alphabet

{{Short description|1500s–1860s alphabet used to write Romanian}}

{{distinguish|Moldovan Cyrillic alphabet}}

{{Infobox Writing system

| name = Romanian Cyrillic

| type = Alphabet

| time = 14th–19th centuries{{efn|Earlist known usage dated back to 1521 Neacșu's letter.}}

| languages = Romanian

| fam1 = Phoenician alphabet

| fam2 = Greek alphabet

| fam3 = Glagolitic alphabet

| fam4 = Cyrillic

| sisters = Early Cyrillic alphabet

| sample = File:Romanian Cyrillic alphabet chart.svg

| imagesize = 300px

}}

The Romanian Cyrillic alphabet is the Cyrillic alphabet that was used to write the Romanian language and Church Slavonic until the 1860s, when it was officially replaced by a Latin-based Romanian alphabet.{{citation needed|reason=especially for the "officially"|date=May 2020}} Cyrillic remained in occasional use until the 1920s, mostly in Russian-ruled Bessarabia.Ileana-Stanca Desa, Dulciu Morărescu, Ioana Patriche, Adriana Raliade, Iliana Sulică, Publicațiile periodice românești (ziare, gazete, reviste). Vol. III: Catalog alfabetic 1919–1924, pp. 235–236, 264, 368, 374, 575, 708, 1024. Bucharest: Editura Academiei, 1987

From the 1830s until the full adoption of the Latin alphabet, the Romanian transitional alphabet was in place, combining Cyrillic and Latin letters, and including some of the Latin letters with diacritics that remain in the modern Romanian alphabet.George Baiculescu, Georgeta Răduică, Neonila Onofrei, Publicațiile periodice românești (ziare, gazete, reviste). Vol. II: Catalog alfabetic 1907–1918. Supliment 1790–1906, pp. 763, 801, 810, 813, 832, 867. Bucharest: Editura Academiei, 1969 The Romanian Orthodox Church continued using the alphabet in its publications until 1881.Grigore Chiriță, Societatea din Principatele Unite Române în perioada constituirii statului național (1856-1866), p. 134. Bucharest: Editura Academiei Române, 2004, {{ISBN|978-973-270-984-9}}

The Romanian Cyrillic alphabet is not the same as the Moldovan Cyrillic alphabet (which is based on the modern Russian alphabet) that was used in the Moldavian SSR for most of the Soviet era and that is still used in Transnistria.

Rules

The Romanian Cyrillic alphabet had many rules on the writing of its letters that make it challenging to read at first:

1. 'ь' is used to indicate a word ends in a consonant. This was eventually dropped to reduce printing cost.

2. 'й' is the equivalent of unstressed и at the end of a word.{{Citation needed|date=February 2025}}

3. Є, Ѻ, Оу, Ꙗ are the initial variants of Е, О, Ꙋ, Ѧ respectively.

4. Ї is the equivalent of И before a vowel. It is also used in Greek loanwords.{{Citation needed|date=February 2025}}

5. Ꙟ is the equivalent of ын/ым before a consonant.

6. Ѯ Ѱ Ѳ Ѵ are only used in Greek loanwords.

Table of correspondence

The Romanian Cyrillic alphabet was close to the contemporary version of the Early Cyrillic alphabet of the Church Slavonic liturgical language.

class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
Letter

! Numerical
value

! Romanian
Latin
equivalent

! Transitional
alphabet

! Moldovan
Cyrillic
equivalent

! Phoneme

! Romanian
nameAccording to {{lang|ro|Costache Negruzzi, "Cum am învățat românește"|italic=no}}, first published in {{lang|ro|Curier de Ambe Sexe, I, nr. 22,|italic=unset}} p.337–343

! Slavonic
equiv.
name

А а1aA aа{{IPA|/a/}}{{lang|ro|az}}{{lang|cu|азъ}} ({{lang|cu-Latn|azŭ}})
Be (Cyrillic)bБ {{sc|б}}б{{IPA|/b/}}{{lang|ro|buche}}{{lang|cu|бꙋкꙑ}} ({{lang|cu-Latn|buky}})
В в2vВ вв{{IPA|/v/}}{{lang|ro|vede}}{{lang|cu|вѣдѣ}} ({{lang|cu-Latn|vĕdĕ}})
Г г3gh (before e, i)

g (elsewhere)

G gг{{IPA|/ɡ/}}{{lang|ro|glagol}}{{lang|cu|глаголи}} ({{lang|cu-Latn|glagoli}})
Д д4dD dд{{IPA|/d/}}{{lang|ro|dobru}}{{lang|cu|добро}} ({{lang|cu-Latn|dobro}})
Є є, Е е{{efn|name="Initial"|Initial vs. non-initial shapes: Є/Е, Ѻ/О, Оу/Ꙋ, Ꙗ/Ѧ.}}5eE eе{{IPA|/e/}}{{lang|ro|est}}{{lang|cu|єстъ}} ({{lang|cu-Latn|estŭ}})
Ж жjЖ жж{{IPA|/ʒ/}}{{lang|ro|juvete}}{{lang|cu|живѣтє}} ({{lang|cu-Latn|živěte}})
Ѕ ѕ6dzḐ ḑдз{{IPA|/d͡z/}}{{lang|ro|zalu}}{{lang|cu|ꙃѣло}} ({{lang|cu-Latn|dzělo}})
З з7zZ zз{{IPA|/z/}}{{lang|ro|zemle}}{{lang|cu|зємл҄ꙗ}} ({{lang|cu-Latn|zemlja}})
И и8iI iи{{IPA|/i/}}rowspan="2" | {{lang|ro|ije}}rowspan="2" | {{lang|cu|ижє}} ({{lang|cu-latn|iže}})
Й й{{efn|name="j"|Й is hardly a separate letter of the alphabet; the letters І, Ю, Ȣ and Ѡ also accept a brevity sign.}}iĬ ĭй{{IPA|/j/, /ʲ/}}
І і{{efn|name="Greek-1"|In loanwords of Greek origin (or ones adopted through the Greek language), letters И and І correspond to eta and iota, respectively. In the words of Romanian origin and in Slavic loanwords, their usage follows Bulgarian alphabet, namely, І before vowels, otherwise И.}}{{efn|name="i"|In earlier documents, Ї was preferred if no any other diacritic accepted.}}10iI iи{{IPA|/i/}}{{lang|ro|i}}{{lang|cu|и}} ({{lang|cu-Latn|i}})
К к20ch (before e, i)

c (elsewhere)

| К к
or
K k

к{{IPA|/k/}}{{lang|ro|kaku}}{{lang|cu|како}} ({{lang|cu-Latn|kako}})
Л л30lЛ лл{{IPA|/l/}}{{lang|ro|liude}}{{lang|cu|людиѥ}} ({{lang|cu-Latn|ljudije}})
М м40mM mм{{IPA|/m/}}{{lang|ro|mislete}}{{lang|cu|мꙑслитє}} ({{lang|cu-Latn|myslite}})
Н н50nN nн{{IPA|/n/}}{{lang|ro|naș}}{{lang|cu|нашь}} ({{lang|cu-Latn|našĭ}})
Ѻ ѻ, О о{{efn|name="Initial"}}70oO oо{{IPA|/o̯/}}{{lang|ro|on}}{{lang|cu|онъ}} ({{lang|cu-Latn|onŭ}})
П п80pП пп{{IPA|/p/}}{{lang|ro|pocoi}}{{lang|cu|покои}} ({{lang|cu-Latn|pokoi}})
Р р100rР рр{{IPA|/r/}}{{lang|ro|râță}}{{lang|cu|рьци}} ({{lang|cu-Latn|rĭci}})
С с200sS sс{{IPA|/s/}}{{lang|ro|slovă}}{{lang|cu|слово}} ({{lang|cu-Latn|slovo}})
Т т300tT tт{{IPA|/t/}}{{lang|ro|tferdu}}{{lang|cu|тврьдо}} ({{lang|cu-Latn|tvrĭdo}})
ОУ оу{{efn|name="Initial"}}400rowspan="2" | urowspan="2" | Ꙋ ꙋBook written in the transitional alphabet showing various letter forms (Ȣ, ȣ, ɣ)rowspan="2" | уrowspan="2" | {{IPA|/u/}}{{lang|ro|upsilon}}rowspan="2" | {{lang|cu|ꙋкъ}} ({{lang|cu-Latn|ukŭ}})
Оу Ȣ, У Ȣ{{efn|name="Initial"}}{{lang|ro|ucu}}
Ф ф500fF fф{{IPA|/f/}}{{lang|ro|fârta}}{{lang|cu|фрьтъ}} ({{lang|cu-Latn|frĭtŭ}})
Х х600hХ хх{{IPA|/h/}}{{lang|ro|heru}}{{lang|cu|хѣръ}} ({{lang|cu-Latn|xěrŭ}})
Ѡ ѡ{{efn|name="o"|The distinction of Ѡ and О is present not only in loanwords, but in Romanian words as well.}}800oO oо{{IPA|/o/}}{{lang|ro|omega}}{{lang|cu|отъ}} ({{lang|cu-Latn|otŭ}})
Щ щștЩ щшт{{IPA|/ʃt/}}{{lang|ro|ștea}}{{lang|cu|ща}} ({{lang|cu-Latn|šta}})
Ц ц900țЦ цц{{IPA|/t͡s/}}{{lang|ro|ți}}{{lang|cu|ци}}
Ч ч90c (before e, i)

ci (elsewhere)

| Ч ч

ч{{IPA|/t͡ʃ/}}{{lang|ro|cervu}}{{lang|cu|чрьвь}} ({{lang|cu-Latn|črĭvĭ}})
Ш шșШ шш{{IPA|/ʃ/}}{{lang|ro|șa}}{{lang|cu|ша}} ({{lang|cu-Latn|ša}})
Ъ ъă, ŭ{{efn|name="barely"|Letters ĭ and ŭ represent a barely spoken/heard i or u.}}Ъ ъэ{{IPA|/ə/}}{{lang|ro|ier}}{{lang|cu|ѥръ}} ({{lang|cu-Latn|jerŭ}})
Ы ы, Ꙑ ꙑâ, îÎ îы{{IPA|/ɨ/}}{{lang|ro|ierî}}{{lang|cu|ѥрꙑ}} ({{lang|cu-Latn|jery}})
Ь ьă, ŭ, ĭ{{efn|name="barely"}}Ꙋ̆ ꙋ̆ь—{{lang|ro|ieri}}{{lang|cu|ѥрь}} ({{lang|cu-Latn|jerĭ}})
Ѣ ѣeaEa eaя{{IPA|/e̯a/}}{{lang|ro|eati(u)}}{{lang|cu|ѣть}} ({{lang|cu-Latn|ětĭ}})
Ю юiuĬꙋ ĭꙋю{{IPA|/ju/}}{{lang|ro|io}} / {{lang|ro|iu}}{{lang|cu|ю}} ({{lang|cu-Latn|ju}})
Ꙗ ꙗ{{efn|name="Initial"}}iaĬa ĭaя{{IPA|/ja/}}{{lang|ro|ia}}{{lang|cu|ꙗ}} ({{lang|cu-Latn|ja}})
Ѥ ѥ{{efn|name="Initial"}}ieĬe ĭeие{{IPA|/je/}}{{lang|cu|ѥ}} ({{lang|cu-Latn|je}})
Ѧ ѧĭa, ea{{efn|name="barely"}}Ĭa ĭa, Ea eaя{{IPA|/ja/}}{{lang|ro|ia}}{{lang|cu|ѧсъ}} ({{lang|cu-Latn|ęsŭ}})
Ѫ ѫîÎ îы{{IPA|/ɨ/}}{{lang|ro|ius}}{{lang|cu|ѫсъ}} ({{lang|cu-Latn|ǫsŭ}})
Ѯ ѯ{{efn|name="Greek-2"|Letters Ѯ, Ѱ, Ѳ and Ѵ are used for copying Greek spelling of loanwords (especially for names and toponyms).}}60xKs ksкс{{IPA|/ks/}}{{lang|ro|csi}}{{lang|cu|ѯи}} ({{lang|cu-Latn|ksi}})
Ѱ ѱ{{efn|name="Greek-2"}}700psПs пsпс{{IPA|/ps/}}{{lang|ro|psi}}{{lang|cu|ѱи}} ({{lang|cu-Latn|psi}})
Ѳ ѳ{{efn|name="Greek-2"}}9th, ftT t, Ft ftт, фт{{IPA|/t/}} and approx. {{IPA|/θ/}} or {{IPA|/f/}}{{lang|ro|thita}}{{lang|cu|фита}} ({{lang|cu-Latn|fita}})
Ѵ ѵ{{efn|name="Greek-2"}}400i, uI i; Ꙋ ꙋи, у{{IPA|/i/, /y/, /v/}}{{lang|ro|ijița}}{{lang|cu|ижица}} ({{lang|cu-Latn|ižica}})
Ꙟ ꙟ, ↑ ↑în îmÎn în Îm îmын, ым{{IPA|/ɨn/}}, {{IPA|/ɨm/}}{{lang|ro|în}}
Џ џg (before e, i)

gi (elsewhere)

| Џ џ

ӂ{{IPA|/d͡ʒ/}}{{lang|ro|gea}}

Unregulated transitional alphabets

Starting with the 1830s and ending with the official adoption of the Latin alphabet, there were no regulations for writing Romanian, and various alphabets using Cyrillic and Latin letters, besides the mid-transitional version in the table above, were used, sometimes two or more of them in a single book. The following table shows some of the many alphabets used in print.

class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"

! Pre-1830

! 1833{{cite book |url={{Google books |plainurl=yes |id=oNwTAAAAYAAJ |page=250 }} |title=Грамматикъ практїкъ романо-францозѧскъ [modernised: Grammatică practică romano-franțozească] |year=1833 |language=ro |trans-title=Practical Romanian-French grammar |access-date=2012-10-22}}

! 1838{{cite book |last=Dimitrie |first=Țichindeal |url={{Google books |plainurl=yes |id=JTsQAAAAYAAJ |page=RA1-PA295 }} |title=Філософіче ші політіче прін fabule înвъцътꙋрĭ морале [modernised: Filosofice și politice prin fabule învățaturĭ morale] |year=1838 |language=ro |trans-title=Philosophies and politics through fables and moral teachings |access-date=2012-10-22}}

! 1846 (1){{cite book |last="Treboniu A."-1; "Bălcescu"-2 |first="Laurian"-1; "Nicolae"-2 |url={{Google books |plainurl=yes |id=kvgRAAAAYAAJ |page=118 }} |title=Magazinu istoriku пентрꙋ Dacia |year=1846 |language=Ro |trans-title=The historical magazine for Dacia |access-date=2012-10-22}}

! 1846 (2){{cite book |url={{Google books |plainurl=yes |id=S7IMAAAAIAAJ |page=RA2-PA371 }} |title=Ноꙋл Тестамент ал Домнꙋлꙋі ші Мꙟнтꙋіторꙋлꙋі нострꙋ Іісꙋс Хрістос[modernised: "Noul Testament al Domnului și Mîntuitorului nostru Iisus hristos"] |year=1846 |language=Ro |trans-title=The new testament of our lord and saviour Jesus Christ |access-date=2012-10-22}}

! 1848{{cite book |last=G. Shakespeare |first=William |url={{Google books |plainurl=yes |id=B90TAAAAYAAJ |page=32 }} |title=Біографа лꙋі Віліам Г. Шекспір дꙋпе le Fourneur [modernised: "Biografia lui Viliam G. Șecspir dupe Le Fourneur."] |year=1848 |language=Ro |trans-title=The biography of shakespeare after 'le Fourneur' |access-date=2012-10-22}}

! 1858{{cite book |last=Ioanid |first=George |url={{Google books |plainurl=yes |id=uPsFAAAAQAAJ |page=305 }} |title=Istoria Moldo-Romănieĭ |year=1858 |language=Ro |trans-title=The history of Moldovo-Romania |access-date=2012-10-22}}

! 1860{{cite book |last=O. Dumitrescu |url={{Google books |plainurl=yes |id=amQUAAAAYAAJ |page=2 }} |title=Cîntece naționale |year=1860 |edition=3rd |language=Ro |trans-title=National songs |access-date=2012-10-22}}

А аА аА аА аА аА аA aA a
Be (Cyrillic)

| Б {{sc|б}}

| Б {{sc|б}}

| Б {{sc|б}}

| Б {{sc|б}}

| Б {{sc|б}}

| B b

| Б {{sc|б}}

В вВ вВ вВ вВ вВ вV vВ в
Г гГ гГ гГ гГ гГ гG gГ г
Д дД дД дD dД дD dD dD d
Є є, Е eЄ єЄ єE eE ɛE eE eE e
Ж жЖ жЖ жЖ жЖ жЖ жJ jЖ ж
Ѕ ѕЅ ѕДз дзḐ ḑДз дзDz dzDz dzDz dz
З зЗ зЗ зZ zЗ зZ zZ zZ z
И иИ иI iI iІ іI iI iI i
І іЇ їI iI iІ іI iI iI i
К кК кК кK kК кК кK kK k
Л лЛ лЛ лЛ лЛ лЛ лL lL l
М мМ мМ мM mМ мM mM mM m
Н нН нН нN nN ɴN nN nN n
Ѻ ѻ, О oО оО оO oО оО оО оO о
П пП пП пП пП пП пП пП п
Р рР рР рР рР рР рR rР р
С сС сС сS sС сС сS sS s
Т тТ тТ тT tТ тТ тT tT t
Оу оу

| rowspan="2" | У у (initial)
Ꙋ ꙋ (mid and final)

| rowspan="2" | Ꙋ ꙋ

| rowspan="2" | Ꙋ ꙋ

| rowspan="2" | Ꙋ ꙋ

| rowspan="2" | Ꙋ ꙋ

| rowspan="2" | Ꙋ ꙋ

| rowspan="2" | Ꙋ ꙋ

Ꙋ, ȣ
Ф фФ фФ фФ фФ фФ фF fФ ф
Х хХ хХ хХ хХ хХ хХ хХ х
Ѡ ѡ

| Ѡ ѡ{{efn|1={{lang|ro-Cyrl

лѡр}} only}}

| О о

O oО оO oО оО о
Щ щЩ щЩ щЩ щШт штЩ щШt шtШt шt
Ц цЦ цЦ цЦ цЦ цЦ цЦ цЦ ц
Ч чЧ чЧ чЧ чЧ чЧ чЧ чЧ ч
Ш шШ шШ шШ шШ шШ шШ шШ ш
Ъ ъЪ ъЪ ъЪ ъЪ ъЪ ъЪ ъЪ ъ
Ы ы

| Ꙟ ꙟ (initial)
Ѫ ѫ (mid and final)

| Ꙟ ꙟ (initial)
Ѫ ѫ (mid and final)

| Ꙟ ꙟ

Ꙟ ꙟ / Î î (transitional form)

| Ꙟ ꙟ (initial)
Ѫ ѫ (mid and final)

| Î î

Î î
Ѣ ѣ

| Ѣ ѣ

Ѣ ѣEa ea

| Eа εа (ligature, small letter only)

| Ea ea

Ea eaEa ea
Ю ю

| Ю ю

| IꙊ iꙋ (ligature)

| IꙊ Iꙋ iꙋ (ligature)

| IꙊ Iꙋ іꙋ (ligature, small letter only)

| Iꙋ iꙋ

| IꙊ iꙋ (ligature)

| Ĭꙋ ĭꙋ

Ꙗ ꙗ

| Ꙗ ꙗ (initial)
Ѧ ѧ (mid and final)

| Ꙗ ꙗ

| Ꙗ Iа (ligature) ꙗ

| IА Iа ꙗ

Ia iaĬa ĭaĬa ĭa
Ѥ ѥЙє йєĬe ĭeĬe ĭeĬε ĭεIe ieĬe ĭeĬe ĭe
Ѧ ѧ

| Ꙗ ꙗ (initial)
Ѧ ѧ (mid and final)

| Ꙗ ꙗ

| Ꙗ Iа (ligature) ꙗ

| IА Iа ꙗ

Ia iaĬa ĭaĬa ĭa
Ѫ ѫ

| Ꙟ ꙟ (initial)
Ѫ ѫ (mid and final)

| Ꙟ ꙟ (initial)
Ѫ ѫ (mid and final)

| Ꙟ ꙟ

Ꙟ ꙟ / Î î (transitional form)

| Ꙟ ꙟ (initial)
Ѫ ѫ (mid and final)

| Î î

Î î
Ѯ ѯКс ксКс ксKs ksКс ксКс ксKs ksKs ks
Ѱ ѱ{{efn|name="Greek-2"}}Пс псПс псПs пsПс псПс псПs пsПs пs
Ѳ ѳ{{efn|name="Greek-2"}}Т тТ тT tѲ ѳТ тT tT t
Ѵ ѵ{{efn|name="Greek-2"}}И, ꙊI, ꙊI, ꙊІ, ꙊІ, ꙊI, ꙊI, Ꙋ
Ꙟ ꙟꙞн ꙟн Ꙟм ꙟмꙞн ꙟн Ꙟм ꙟмꙞн ꙟн Ꙟм ꙟмꙞɴ ꙟɴ Ꙟм ꙟмꙞn ꙟn Ꙟm ꙟmÎn în Îm îmÎn în Îm îm
Џ џЏ џЏ џЏ џЏ џЏ џЏ џЏ џ

Example of Romanian Cyrillic text

According to a document from the 1850s,:File:Romanian-kirilitza-tatal-nostru.jpg this is how the Romanian Lord's Prayer looked in Cyrillic script. Transcriptional values correspond to the above table.

class="wikitable" style="width: 900px"
Та́тъль нѡ́стрꙋ

! Tatăl nostru

lang="ro-Cyrl" |

{{Script/Slavonic|Та́тъль но́стрꙋ ка́реле є҆́щй ꙟ҆ че́рюрй: сфн҃цѣ́скъсе нꙋ́меле тъ́ꙋ:

Ві́е ꙟ҆пъръці́ѧ та̀: Фі́е во́ѧ та̀, пре кꙋ́мь ꙟ҆ че́рю, шѝ пре пъмѫ́нть.

Пѫ́йнѣ ноа́стръ, чѣ̀ де то́ате зи́леле, дъ́неѡ но́аѡ а҆́стъзй.

Шѝ не ꙗ҆́ртъ но́аѡ даторі́йле ноа́стре,

пре кꙋ́мь шѝ но́й є҆ртъ́мь дато́рничилѡрь но́щрй.

Шѝ нꙋ́ не дꙋ́че пе но́й ꙟ҆ и҆спи́тъ. Чѝ не и҆з{{sc|б}}ъвѣще де че́ль ръ́ꙋ.

Къ а҆та̀ ꙗ҆́сте ꙟ҆пъръці́ѧ, шѝ Пꙋтѣ́рѣ, шѝ мъри́рѣ ꙟ҆ вѣ́чй, а҆ми́нь.}}

| lang="ro" |

Tatăl nostru, carele ești în ceriuri, sfințeascăse numele tău:

Vie împărăția ta: Fie voia ta, pre cumi în ceriu, și pre pământi.

Pâinea noastră, cea de toate zilele, dăneo noua astăzi.

Și ne iartă noua datoriile noastre,

pre cumi și noi iertămi datornicilori noștri.

Și nu ne duce pe noi în ispită. Ci ne izbăveaște de celi rău.

Că ata iaste împrăția, și Putearea, și mărirea în veaci, amini.

Image:Early 19th century Romanian Cyrillic alphabet (Alecsandri, 1863).jpg|Early 19th century Romanian Cyrillic alphabet (Alecsandri, 1863)

Scrisoarea-lui-neacsu-din-campulung.jpg|The oldest surviving document in Romanian: Neacșu's Letter, a trader from Câmpulung, sent to the mayor of Brașov (1521)

Image:Carte Românească de Învăţătură .jpg|Title page of Carte Romănească de Învățătură (Varlaam Moțoc, 1643)

Image:Stavropoleos-evanghelie-1723-p02.png|A page of the Gospel Book printed in Bucharest (1723)

Image:Tatal Nostru Acathist 1786.png|The Lord's Prayer, in a 1786 religious document

Image:Legiuirea lui Caragea, title page, 1818.png|Title page of Legiuirea lui Caragea, a legal code of Wallachia (1818)

Image:Gazeta de Transilvania, Nr. 1, Anul 1 (1838).pdf|First edition of Gazeta de Transilvania (1838)

Image:Anton Pann - Bazul teoretic, title page.png|Title page of The Theoretical and Practical Basis of Church music or the Melodic Grammar (Anton Pann, 1845)

Image:Alfbtranzitie.jpeg|Transitional alphabet (fragment of Dimitrie Bolintineanu's Călătorii pe Dunăre și în Bulgaria, 1858)

See also

{{commons category|Romanian Cyrillic alphabet}}

Notes

{{Notelist}}

References

{{Reflist}}

{{Romanian language}}

{{List of writing systems}}

{{Cyrillic navbox}}

Category:Cyrillic alphabets

Category:History of the Romanian language

Category:Romanian language

Category:Writing systems introduced in the 16th century

Category:1521 establishments in Europe

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Category:19th-century disestablishments in Romania