Solar eclipse of September 8, 1885
{{Short description|Total eclipse}}
{{Infobox solar eclipse|1885Sep08
| previous = Solar eclipse of March 16, 1885
| next = Solar eclipse of March 5, 1886
}}
A total solar eclipse occurred at the Moon's ascending node of orbit on Tuesday, September 8, 1885, with a magnitude of 1.0332. A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun, thereby totally or partly obscuring the image of the Sun for a viewer on Earth. A total solar eclipse occurs when the Moon's apparent diameter is larger than the Sun's, blocking all direct sunlight, turning day into darkness. Totality occurs in a narrow path across Earth's surface, with the partial solar eclipse visible over a surrounding region thousands of kilometres wide. Occurring about 2.3 days after perigee (on September 6, 1885, at 14:05 UTC), the Moon's apparent diameter was larger.{{cite web|title=Moon Distances for London, United Kingdom, England|url=https://www.timeanddate.com/astronomy/moon/distance.html?year=1885&n=136|publisher=timeanddate|access-date=28 August 2024}}
The path of totality was visible from parts of modern-day New Zealand and Antarctica. A partial solar eclipse was also visible for parts of Oceania, Antarctica, and southern South America.
Observations
Eclipse details
Shown below are two tables displaying details about this particular solar eclipse. The first table outlines times at which the moon's penumbra or umbra attains the specific parameter, and the second table describes various other parameters pertaining to this eclipse.{{cite web|title=Total Solar Eclipse of 1885 Sep 08|url=https://eclipsewise.com/solar/SEprime/1801-1900/SE1885Sep08Tprime.html|publisher=EclipseWise.com|access-date=28 August 2024}}
| class="wikitable" align="{{{align|left}}}" style="margin:{{#ifeq:{{{align}}}|left|0 0 0.5em 1em|0 1em 0.5em 0}}"
|+September 8, 1885 Solar Eclipse Times ! Event ! Time (UTC) |
| First Penumbral External Contact
| 1885 September 8 at 18:35:56.3 UTC |
| First Umbral External Contact
| 1885 September 8 at 19:54:54.3 UTC |
| First Central Line
| 1885 September 8 at 19:56:11.9 UTC |
| First Umbral Internal Contact
| 1885 September 8 at 19:57:30.8 UTC |
| Ecliptic Conjunction
| 1885 September 8 at 20:43:07.3 UTC |
| Greatest Duration
| 1885 September 8 at 20:50:23.2 UTC |
| Greatest Eclipse
| 1885 September 8 at 20:51:51.9 UTC |
| Equatorial Conjunction
| 1885 September 8 at 21:19:51.3 UTC |
| Last Umbral Internal Contact
| 1885 September 8 at 21:45:54.9 UTC |
| Last Central Line
| 1885 September 8 at 21:47:11.6 UTC |
| Last Umbral External Contact
| 1885 September 8 at 21:48:27.1 UTC |
| Last Penumbral External Contact
| 1885 September 8 at 23:07:38.7 UTC |
| class="wikitable" align="{{{align|right}}}" style="margin:{{#ifeq:{{{align}}}|right|0 0 0.5em 1em|0 1em 0.5em 0}}"
|+September 8, 1885 Solar Eclipse Parameters ! Parameter ! Value |
| Eclipse Magnitude
| 1.03319 |
| Eclipse Obscuration
| 1.06749 |
| Gamma
| −0.84889 |
| Sun Right Ascension
| 11h09m38.6s |
| Sun Declination
| +05°24'05.1" |
| Sun Semi-Diameter
| 15'53.2" |
| Sun Equatorial Horizontal Parallax
| 08.7" |
| Moon Right Ascension
| 11h08m38.3s |
| Moon Declination
| +04°35'47.3" |
| Moon Semi-Diameter
| 16'16.5" |
| Moon Equatorial Horizontal Parallax
| 0°59'43.9" |
| ΔT
| -5.8 s |
{{clear}}
Eclipse season
{{See also|Eclipse cycle}}
This eclipse is part of an eclipse season, a period, roughly every six months, when eclipses occur. Only two (or occasionally three) eclipse seasons occur each year, and each season lasts about 35 days and repeats just short of six months (173 days) later; thus two full eclipse seasons always occur each year. Either two or three eclipses happen each eclipse season. In the sequence below, each eclipse is separated by a fortnight.
| class="wikitable"
|+ Eclipse season of September 1885 ! September 8 | |
| 200px | |
| align=center
| Total solar eclipse | Partial lunar eclipse Lunar Saros 135 |
Related eclipses
= Eclipses in 1885 =
- An annular solar eclipse on March 16.
- A partial lunar eclipse on March 30.
- A total solar eclipse on September 8.
- A partial lunar eclipse on September 24.
= Metonic =
- Preceded by: Solar eclipse of November 21, 1881
- Followed by: Solar eclipse of June 28, 1889
= Tzolkinex =
- Preceded by: Solar eclipse of July 29, 1878
- Followed by: Solar eclipse of October 20, 1892
= Half-Saros =
- Preceded by: Lunar eclipse of September 3, 1876
- Followed by: Lunar eclipse of September 15, 1894
= Tritos =
- Preceded by: Solar eclipse of October 10, 1874
- Followed by: Solar eclipse of August 9, 1896
= Solar Saros 123 =
- Preceded by: Solar eclipse of August 29, 1867
- Followed by: Solar eclipse of September 21, 1903
= Inex =
- Preceded by: Solar eclipse of September 29, 1856
- Followed by: Solar eclipse of August 21, 1914
= Triad =
- Preceded by: Solar eclipse of November 8, 1798
- Followed by: Solar eclipse of July 10, 1972
= Solar eclipses of 1884–1888 =
{{Lunar year eclipse set info}}
The partial solar eclipses on April 25, 1884 and October 19, 1884 occur in the previous lunar year eclipse set, and the partial solar eclipse on July 9, 1888 occurs in the next lunar year eclipse set.
| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"
!class="nowrap" colspan="7" | Solar eclipse series sets from 1884 to 1888 |
| scope="col" colspan="3" | Descending node
| rowspan="6" | ! scope="col" colspan="3" | Ascending node |
|---|
| style="text-align: center;"
! scope="col" | Saros ! scope="col" | Map ! scope="col" | Gamma ! scope="col" | Saros ! scope="col" | Map ! scope="col" | Gamma |
| style="text-align: center;"
| 108 | March 27, 1884 | 1.4602 | 113 | | |
| style="text-align: center;"
| 118 | March 16, 1885 | 0.8030 | 123 | September 8, 1885 | −0.8489 |
| style="text-align: center;"
| 128 | March 5, 1886 | 0.0970 | 133 | August 29, 1886 | −0.1059 |
| style="text-align: center;"
| 138 | February 22, 1887 | −0.6040 | 143 | August 19, 1887 | 0.6312 |
| style="text-align: center;"
| 148 | February 11, 1888 | −1.2684 | | 153 | August 7, 1888 | −1.2797 |
= Saros 123 =
{{Solar Saros series 123}}
= Metonic series =
{{Solar Metonic series 1859–1946}}
= Tritos series =
{{Solar Tritos series 2005 October 3}}
= Inex series =
{{Solar Inex series 2001 June 21}}
References
{{reflist}}
- [http://eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov/5MCSEmap/1801-1900/1885-09-08.gif NASA graphic]
- [http://eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov/SEsearch/SEsearchmap.php?Ecl=18850908 Googlemap]
- [http://eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov/SEsearch/SEdata.php?Ecl=18850908 NASA Besselian elements]
- {{cite book|author=Mabel Loomis Todd|title=Total Eclipses of the Sun|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FI0-AAAAYAAJ|year=1900|publisher=Little, Brown}}
- [http://adsabs.harvard.edu/full/1885MNRAS..45..126H Note on the track of the total phase in the solar eclipse of, September 8, 1885, in its passage across New Zealand], Hind, J. R. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 45, p. 126
- [http://rsnz.natlib.govt.nz/volume/rsnz_18/rsnz_18_00_004110.html Art. LIX.—The Total Eclipse of the Sun of the 9th September, 1885] Transactions and Proceedings of the Royal Society of New Zealand
- [http://rsnz.natlib.govt.nz/volume/rsnz_18/rsnz_18_00_005470.html Transactions and Proceedings of the Royal Society of New Zealand] Second Meeting. 13th July, 1885.
{{Solar eclipses}}
{{Commons category}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Solar Eclipse Of September 8, 1885}}