Stan Marsh

{{Short description|Main character of the animated television series South Park}}

{{Use mdy dates|date=March 2021}}

{{Infobox character

| name = Stan Marsh

| series = South Park

| image = 150px

| first = {{Plainlist|

| creator = Trey Parker
Matt Stone

| designer = Trey Parker
Matt Stone

| based_on = Trey Parker

| voice = Trey Parker

| full_name = Stanley Marsh

| aliases = Toolshed
Billy
Raven

| occupation = Former paperboy, student, online whiskey consultant (South Park: Post COVID), Chief Master Sergeant at United States Space Force (revised future in South Park: Post COVID: The Return of COVID)

| gender = Male

| family = Randy Marsh (father)
Sharon Marsh (mother)
Shelly Marsh (sister)
Sparky (pet)

| relatives = Marvin Marsh (paternal grandfather)
Grandma Marsh (paternal grandmother)
Jimbo Kern (maternal uncle)
Flo Kimble (maternal grandaunt; deceased)

| significant_other = Wendy Testaburger (on-again, off-again partner; lovers in the revised Future)

| nationality = American

| religion = The Roman Catholic Church (Christianity)

| lbl23 = Residence

| data23 = 260 Avenue de los Mexicanos, South Park, Colorado, United States

}}

Stanley "Stan" Marsh is a fictional character in the adult animated television series South Park. He is voiced by and loosely based on series co-creator Trey Parker. Stan is one of the series' four central characters, along with Kyle Broflovski, Eric Cartman, and Kenny McCormick. He debuted on television when South Park first aired on August 13, 1997, after having first appeared in The Spirit of Christmas shorts created by Parker and long-time collaborator Matt Stone in 1992 (Jesus vs. Frosty) and 1995 (Jesus vs. Santa).

Stan is an elementary school student who commonly has extraordinary experiences not typical of conventional small-town life in his fictional hometown of South Park, Colorado. Stan is generally depicted as logical, brave, patient and sensitive. He is outspoken in expressing his distinct lack of esteem for adults and their influences, as adult South Park residents rarely make use of their critical faculties.

Like the other South Park characters, Stan is animated by computer in a way to emulate the show's original method of cutout animation. He also appears in the full-length feature film South Park: Bigger, Longer & Uncut (1999), as well as South Park-related media and merchandise. While Parker and Stone portray Stan as having common childlike tendencies, his dialogue is often intended to reflect stances and views on more adult-oriented issues and has been frequently cited in numerous publications by experts in the fields of politics, religion, popular culture and philosophy.

Role in ''South Park''

Prior to season 22, Stan lives in South Park with his parents Randy and Sharon Marsh and his sister Shelly. From season 22 onward, the family lives at a farm on the outskirts of town, where Randy raises marijuana and forces his reluctant family to assist him. Stan's family includes his 13-year-old sister Shelly, who bullies and beats him, and his centenarian grandfather. Stan attends South Park Elementary as part of Mr. Garrison's fourth-grade class. During the show's first 58 episodes (1997 through the season 4 episode "4th Grade" in 2000), Stan and the other main child characters were in the third grade. Stan is frequently embarrassed and annoyed by his father's antics and frequent acts of public drunkenness.{{cite web| author=Jake Trapper and Dan Morris| title=Secrets of 'South Park'| publisher=ABC News| date=September 22, 2006| url=https://abcnews.go.com/Nightline/Entertainment/Story?id=2479197&page=3| access-date=April 18, 2009| archive-date=May 11, 2011| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110511114130/http://abcnews.go.com/Nightline/Entertainment/Story?id=2479197&page=3| url-status=live}} Stan's relationship to his uncle Jimbo received moderate attention in the show's first two seasons.{{Cite web|url=https://gazette.com/arts-entertainment/celebrate-22-years-of-south-park-with-its-22-most-memorable-characters/article_d71a52e4-c2a6-11e9-8569-e7eb7f8ae4d2.html|title=Celebrate 22 years of 'South Park' with its 22 most memorable characters|first=LESLIE JAMES|last=leslie.james@gazette.com|website=Colorado Springs Gazette|date=August 26, 2019|access-date=March 10, 2022|archive-date=April 5, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230405225829/https://gazette.com/arts-entertainment/celebrate-22-years-of-south-park-with-its-22-most-memorable-characters/article_d71a52e4-c2a6-11e9-8569-e7eb7f8ae4d2.html|url-status=live}}

Stan was originally the everyman, described as "a normal, average, American, mixed-up kid".{{cite web|title=Stan Marsh|url=https://www.southparkstudios.com/wiki/Stan_Marsh|publisher=South Park Studios|access-date=January 13, 2009}} Stan would also occasionally provide a "moral of the story" lesson at the end of certain episodes. In season fifteen, the show shifted to more complex characterization and Stan became cynical and depressed due to his dysfunctional family.{{cite news| url = https://www.avclub.com/south-park-youre-getting-old-1798168501| title=South Park: "You're Getting Old"| author = O'Neal, Sean|publisher =The A.V. Club| date = June 8, 2011|access-date=March 12, 2022}}

Stan is modeled after Parker, while Kyle is modeled after Stone. Stan and Kyle are best friends, and their relationship, intended to reflect the real-life friendship between Parker and Stone,{{cite magazine | author = Jeffrey Ressner and James Collins| title = Gross And Grosser | magazine = Time | date = March 23, 1998 | url = http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,988028,00.html | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090821033347/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,988028,00.html | url-status = dead | archive-date = August 21, 2009 | access-date = April 28, 2009}} is a common topic throughout the series. Stan is frequently at odds with his friend Cartman, resenting Cartman's behavior and openly mocking his weight.{{cite web|url=https://www.southparkstudios.com/w/index.php/Cartman|title=Eric Cartman – Characters – South Park Studios|publisher=www.southparkstudios.com|access-date=July 23, 2009}} Stan shares a close friendship with Kenny{{cite episode |title=Best Friends Forever |series=South Park |credits=Trey Parker and Matt Stone |network=Comedy Central |air-date=March 30, 2005 |season=9 |number=904}} and can understand Kenny's muffled voice. Stan also typically exclaims the catchphrase "Oh my God! They killed Kenny!" following one of Kenny's trademark deaths.{{cite web|url=http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,49748,00.html|title=FOXNews.com – South Park Won't Kill Kenny Anymore – Celebrity Gossip | Entertainment News|date=April 8, 2002|publisher=Fox News|access-date=July 23, 2009|last=Kaplan|first=Don|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090512074744/http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,49748,00.html|archive-date=May 12, 2009|url-status=dead}}

Stan is the only character in the group to have had a steady girlfriend, Wendy Testaburger, and their relationship was a recurring topic in the show's earlier seasons. Despite reconciling and declaring to be a couple again in season 11, their relationship seems to have been less formally defined as a couple.{{cite news| author = Devin Leonard| title = 'South Park' creators haven't lost their edge| publisher = CNN| date = October 27, 2006| url = https://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/fortune_archive/2006/10/30/8391792/index.htm| access-date = May 3, 2009| archive-date = November 7, 2013| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20131107220939/https://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/fortune_archive/2006/10/30/8391792/index.htm| url-status = live}}

Character

=Creation and design=

Image:StanWithoutHat.png

An unnamed precursor to Stan first appeared in the first The Spirit of Christmas short called Jesus vs. Frosty, created by Parker and Stone in 1992. The character was composed of construction paper cutouts and animated through the use of stop motion.{{cite news | author = Matt Cheplic | title = 'As Crappy As Possible': The Method Behind the Madness of South Park | publisher = Penton Media | date = May 1, 1998 | url = http://digitalcontentproducer.com/mag/video_crappy_possible_method/ | access-date = April 28, 2009 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090329014416/http://digitalcontentproducer.com/mag/video_crappy_possible_method/ | archive-date = March 29, 2009}} When asked three years later by friend Brian Graden to create another short as a video Christmas card that he could send to friends, Parker and Stone created another similarly animated The Spirit of Christmas short, dubbed Jesus vs. Santa, in which Stan also appeared.{{cite web|url=http://www.vh1.com/press/bios/brian_graden.jhtml |title=Brian Graden's Bio |publisher=VH1.com |access-date=January 10, 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080120161058/http://www.vh1.com/press/bios/brian_graden.jhtml |archive-date=January 20, 2008 }} Stan next appeared on August 13, 1997, when South Park debuted on Comedy Central with the episode "Cartman Gets an Anal Probe".{{cite web|url=http://www.theage.com.au/news/tv--radio/south-park-turns-10/2006/09/26/1159036537807.html|title=South Park turns 10|date=September 27, 2006|publisher=theage.com.au|access-date=July 23, 2009|archive-date=November 4, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121104015253/http://www.theage.com.au/news/tv--radio/south-park-turns-10/2006/09/26/1159036537807.html|url-status=live}}

In the tradition of the show's animation style, Stan is composed of simple geometrical shapes and primary colors.{{cite news|author=Abbie Bernstein |title=South Park – Volume 2 |publisher=AVRev.com |date=October 27, 1998 |url=http://www.avrev.com/dvd-movie-disc-reviews/tv-shows/south-park-volume-2.html |access-date=April 30, 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130515045446/http://www.avrev.com/dvd-movie-disc-reviews/tv-shows/south-park-volume-2.html |archive-date=May 15, 2013 }} He is not offered the same free range of motion associated with hand-drawn characters; his character is mostly shown from only one angle, and his movements are animated in an intentionally jerky fashion.{{cite news|author=Jaime J. Weinman |title=South Park grows up |publisher=Macleans.ca |date=March 12, 2008 |url=http://www.macleans.ca/culture/entertainment/article.jsp?content=20080312_115131_115131&page=2 |access-date=April 30, 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090802210052/http://www.macleans.ca/culture/entertainment/article.jsp?content=20080312_115131_115131&page=2 |archive-date=August 2, 2009 }} Since the show's third episode, "Weight Gain 4000", Stan and all characters on the show have been animated with computer software, though portrayed to give the impression that the show still utilizes its original technique.

Stan is usually depicted in winter attire consisting of a brown jacket, blue jeans, red gloves/mittens, and a red-brimmed blue knit cap adorned with a decorative red pom-pom. When shown without a cap, Stan is styled with shaggy black hair. He shares his surname of "Marsh" with Parker's paternal step-grandfather. Stan's birthday is October 19, which is also Parker's birthday.{{Cite episode |title=You Have 0 Friends|series=South Park|network=Comedy Central|air-date=April 7, 2010}}

Parker developed Stan's voice while he and Stone were in film class, where they would speak in high-pitched childish voices: they would reuse these voices when South Park debuted.{{Cite web|title=Making Fun Of Everyone On 'South Park'|url=https://www.wbur.org/npr/127210540/story.php|access-date=2021-04-06|website=WBUR|archive-date=September 28, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210928161934/https://www.wbur.org/npr/127210540/story.php|url-status=dead}}{{Citation|title=South Park - Season 24 - TV Series|url=https://southpark.cc.com/seasons/south-park|access-date=2021-04-06|archive-date=June 27, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210627175917/https://southpark.cc.com/seasons/south-park|url-status=live}} While originally voicing Stan without any computer manipulation, Parker now speaks within his normal vocal range while adding a childlike inflection. The recorded audio is then edited with Pro Tools, and the pitch is altered to make the voice sound more like that of a fourth grader.{{cite web | title = South Park FAQ | url = http://www.southparkstudios.com/fans/faq/archives.php?month=2&year=2009 | date = February 10, 2009 | publisher = South Park Studios | access-date = April 30, 2009 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090511145241/http://www.southparkstudios.com/fans/faq/archives.php?month=2&year=2009 | archive-date = May 11, 2009 | url-status = dead }}{{cite web|title=40 Questions |url=http://treyparker.info/archives_spstudios.htm |date=October 4, 2001 |publisher=South Park Studios |access-date=January 30, 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101129004417/http://treyparker.info/archives_spstudios.htm |archive-date=November 29, 2010 }}

=Personality and traits=

File:TreyParkerHWOFApr2013.jpg.]]

Stan is foul-mouthed as a means for Parker and Stone to display how they claim young boys really talk when they are alone.{{cite news| author=Jake Trapper and Dan Morris| title=Secrets of 'South Park'| publisher=ABC News| date=September 22, 2006| url=https://abcnews.go.com/Nightline/Entertainment/Story?id=2479197&page=4| access-date=April 18, 2009| archive-date=March 19, 2022| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220319073834/https://abcnews.go.com/Nightline/Entertainment/Story?id=2479197&page=4| url-status=live}} While Stan is cynical and profane, Parker still notes that there is an "underlying sweetness" to the character,{{cite news | author = Frazier Moore | title = Loud and lewd but sweet underneath | work = The Age | date = December 14, 2006 | url = http://www.theage.com.au/news/tv--radio/loud-and-lewd-but-sweet-underneath/2006/12/13/1165685687176.html?page=2 | access-date = May 9, 2009 | archive-date = May 11, 2011 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110511220852/http://www.theage.com.au/news/tv--radio/loud-and-lewd-but-sweet-underneath/2006/12/13/1165685687176.html?page=2 | url-status = live }} and Time magazine described Stan and his friends as "sometimes cruel but with a core of innocence". Stan is amused by bodily functions and toilet humor, and his favorite television personalities are Terrance and Phillip, a Canadian duo whose comedy routines on their show-within-the-show revolve substantially around fart jokes.{{Cite video | people=Parker, Trey|date = November 2002|title=South Park: The Complete Fifth Season: "Terrance and Phillip: Behind the Blow"|medium= DVD|publisher=Paramount Home Entertainment}}

Stan is an avid animal lover. He is highly against his uncle Jimbo's hunting, and was also known to commit to vegetarianism after feeling compassion for baby calves in a farm. He was forced to quit vegetarianism because of a severe illness he developed, but still fights for animal rights.{{cite web |last=Pagels |first=Jim |title=This Is the Ultimate Episode of South Park |url=http://www.slate.com/blogs/browbeat/2013/07/09/south_park_best_episode_ever_is_douche_and_turd_video.html |website=Slate Magazine |access-date=March 7, 2022 |date=July 9, 2013}}{{cite news | title = South Park: Whale Whores | url = https://www.avclub.com/south-park-whale-whores-1798207297 | first = Josh | last = Modell | date = October 29, 2009 | newspaper = The A.V. Club | publisher = The Onion | access-date = January 28, 2010 | archive-date = March 12, 2022 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220312211052/https://www.avclub.com/south-park-whale-whores-1798207297 | url-status = live }}

The only adult on the show that Stan liked was Chef. He generally holds the rest of the show's adult population in low regard because of their tendency to behave irrationally when subjected to scams, cults, and sensationalized media stories,Arp and Jacoby, pp. 58–65 and engage in hypocritical behavior.{{cite news| author = Randy Fallows| title = The Theology of South Park| publisher = The Institute for the Study of American Popular Culture| date = January 2002| url = http://www.americanpopularculture.com/archive/tv/theology_southpark.htm| access-date = May 3, 2009| archive-date = May 13, 2019| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190513135108/http://www.americanpopularculture.com/archive/tv/theology_southpark.htm| url-status = live}} He doubts the legitimacy of holistic medicine,{{cite news| author = Brian C. Anderson| title = We're Not Losing the Culture Wars Anymore| publisher = Manhattan Institute| year = 2003| url = http://www.city-journal.org/html/13_4_were_not_losing.html| access-date = May 3, 2009| archive-date = January 18, 2016| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160118080938/http://www.city-journal.org/html/13_4_were_not_losing.html| url-status = dead}} declares cults to be dangerous,{{cite news |title=The brats take on religion |work=Chicago Tribune |date=March 22, 2006 |page=49}} and regards those claiming to be psychic mediums as frauds.{{cite episode |title=The Biggest Douche in the Universe |series=South Park |credits=Trey Parker and Matt Stone |network=Comedy Central |air-date=November 27, 2002 |season=6 |number=615}}

Stan became extremely cynical after his 10th birthday and lost interest in many things that he once enjoyed. Stan's friendships with the other main characters ended, his parents divorced, and he moved out of his home. This episode formed a cliffhanger and set off widespread speculation that the series was coming to an end.{{cite news| url = https://uproxx.com/sepinwall/south-park-youre-getting-old-getting-ready-to-say-goodbye/| title = 'South Park' – 'You're Getting Old': Getting ready to say goodbye?| author = Sepinwall, Alan| work = Uproxx| date = June 9, 2011}} The premiere of the second half of the episode resolved the arc, as Stan was erroneously diagnosed with Asperger's syndrome, and discovers Jameson Irish Whiskey cures cynicism. After struggling to repair his life, he finally explains he does not want things to go back to normal, when his parents get back together and his life is repaired. Although the end of the episode implies Stan may be permanently bound to whiskey to continue an everyday life.{{cite episode |title=Ass Burgers |series=South Park |credits=Trey Parker and Matt Stone |network=Comedy Central |air-date=October 6, 2011 |season=15 |number=1508}}

Cultural impact

File:SouthParkStanInRobe.jpg in the season nine episode "Trapped in the Closet"{{cite web|last=Staff, Comedy Central Web site|title=Things Scientologists Actually Believe|work=South Park|publisher=Comedy Central|date=2006-11-16|url=http://southpark.comedycentral.com/videos.jhtml?videoId=104274&episodeId=103804|access-date=2007-10-20| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20071028145715/http://southpark.comedycentral.com/videos.jhtml?videoId=104274&episodeId=103804| archive-date = October 28, 2007}}]]

In 2014, Stan was ranked by IGN at third place on their list of "The Top 25 South Park Characters", commenting that he "often acts as the voice of reason in the midst of the show's insane events, and in many ways he's more mature than his father Randy". The website concluded that "his history as one of the more stable and thoughtful characters in the series made him the perfect choice for the voice of Trey and Matt's own creative/professional frustrations".{{cite news| author1 = Ramsey Isler| author2 = Jesse Schedeen| title = The Top 25 South Park Characters| page = 5| publisher = IGN| date = February 28, 2014| url = http://ign.com/articles/2014/03/01/top-25-south-park-characters?page=5| access-date = March 19, 2014| archive-date = April 4, 2023| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230404081507/https://www.ign.com/articles/2014/03/01/top-25-south-park-characters?page=5| url-status = live}}

Stan frequently offers his perspective on religion,{{cite news | author = Douglas E. Cowan | title = South Park, Ridicule, and the Cultural Construction of Religious Rivalry | publisher = Journal of Religion and Popular Culture | date = Summer 2005 | doi = 10.3138/jrpc.10.1.001 | url = http://www.utpjournals.press/doi/abs/10.3138/jrpc.10.1.001 | access-date = January 15, 2014 | archive-date = April 1, 2019 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190401163102/https://utpjournals.press/doi/abs/10.3138/jrpc.10.1.001 | url-status = live }} and he was at the center of one of the most controversial episodes of the series,{{cite news| author = Todd Leopold| title = Welcome to the Emmy 'mess'| publisher = CNN| date = August 24, 2006| url = http://www.cnn.com/2006/SHOWBIZ/TV/08/23/emmy.advancer/index.html| access-date = May 3, 2009| archive-date = August 8, 2010| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100808071859/http://www.cnn.com/2006/SHOWBIZ/TV/08/23/emmy.advancer/index.html| url-status = live}} "Trapped in the Closet" (season nine, 2005), where he was recognized as the reincarnation of Scientology founder L. Ron Hubbard before denouncing the church as nothing more than "a big fat global scam".{{cite web| author=Jake Trapper and Dan Morris| title=Secrets of 'South Park'| publisher=ABC News| date=September 22, 2006| url=https://abcnews.go.com/Nightline/Entertainment/Story?id=2479197&page=1| access-date=April 18, 2009| archive-date=November 7, 2006| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061107083324/https://abcnews.go.com/Nightline/Entertainment/Story?id=2479197&page=1| url-status=live}}

In the show's 26 seasons, Stan has addressed other topics such as homosexuality,{{cite news|author=Tracy Baim |title=Snyde & Sneak |publisher=Lambda Publications Inc. |date=September 16, 1997 |url=http://www.windycitymediagroup.com/archives/outlines/archives/091097/snyde.html |access-date=May 3, 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071013224100/http://windycitymediagroup.com/archives/outlines/archives/091097/snyde.html |archive-date=October 13, 2007 }}{{cite news| author = Justine Hankins| title = Not so queer| work = The Sydney Morning Herald| date = September 20, 2003| url = http://www.smh.com.au/articles/2003/09/19/1063625206033.html| access-date = May 3, 2009| archive-date = November 4, 2012| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20121104183755/http://www.smh.com.au/articles/2003/09/19/1063625206033.html| url-status = live}} hate crime legislation,{{cite news | author = Frank Rich | title = Conservatives ♥ 'South Park' | work = The New York Times | date = May 1, 2005 | url = https://www.nytimes.com/2005/05/01/opinion/01rich.html | access-date = May 3, 2009 | archive-date = January 8, 2015 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150108083620/http://www.nytimes.com/2005/05/01/opinion/01rich.html | url-status = live }} civil liberties, parenting, illegal immigration,{{cite news | author = Eric Griffiths | title = Young offenders | work = New Statesman | date = June 21, 2007 | url = http://www.newstatesman.com/books/2007/06/south-park-sex-studies | access-date = May 3, 2009 | archive-date = February 6, 2013 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130206083802/http://www.newstatesman.com/books/2007/06/south-park-sex-studies | url-status = live }} voting,Arp and Gray, pp. 121–128 alcoholism, and race relations.{{cite news | author = Vanessa E. Jones | title = No offense, but ... | work = The Boston Globe | date = January 29, 2008 | url = http://www.boston.com/lifestyle/articles/2008/01/29/no_offense_but_/ | access-date = May 3, 2009 | archive-date = June 14, 2009 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090614061311/http://www.boston.com/lifestyle/articles/2008/01/29/no_offense_but_/ | url-status = live }} His commentary on these issues have been interpreted as statements Parker and Stone are attempting to make to the viewing public,Fallows and Weinstock, p. 165 and these opinions have been subject to much critical analysis in the media and literary world. The book South Park and Philosophy: You Know, I Learned Something Today includes an essay in which East Carolina University philosophy professor Henry Jacoby compares Stan's actions and reasoning within the show to the philosophical teachings of William Kingdon Clifford,[http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/book.asp?ref=9781405161602&site=1 South Park and Philosophy: You Know, I Learned Something Today] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070901034507/http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/book.asp?ref=9781405161602&site=1 |date=September 1, 2007 }}, Blackwell Publishing, Series: The Blackwell Philosophy and Pop Culture Series, Retrieved January 21, 2008 and another essay by Southern Illinois University philosophy professor John S. Gray which references Stan's decision to not vote for either candidate for a school mascot in the season eight (2004) episode "Douche and Turd" when describing political philosophy and the claimed pitfalls of a two-party system. Essays in the books South Park and Philosophy: Bigger, Longer, and More Penetrating, Blame Canada! South Park and Contemporary Culture, and Taking South Park Seriously have also analyzed Stan's perspectives within the framework of popular philosophical, theological, and political concepts.{{cite book | editor-last = Hanley | editor-first = Richard | title = South Park and Philosophy: Bigger, Longer, and More Penetrating | publisher = Open Court | date = March 8, 2007 | isbn = 978-0-8126-9613-4}}{{cite book | last = Johnson-Woods | first = Toni | title = Blame Canada! South Park and Contemporary Culture | publisher = Continuum International Publishing Group | date = January 30, 2007 | isbn = 978-0-8264-1731-2 | url-access = registration | url = https://archive.org/details/blamecanada00toni }}

See also

{{portal|United States|Colorado|Television|Animation|Comedy}}

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References

{{Reflist}}

{{Refbegin}}

  • {{cite book | editor-last = Arp | editor-first = Robert |author1=Gray, John Scott |author2=Jacoby, Henry | title = South Park and Philosophy: You Know, I Learned Something Today | publisher = Blackwell Publishing (The Blackwell Philosophy & Pop Culture Series) | year = 2006 | isbn = 978-1-4051-6160-2}}
  • {{cite book | editor-last = Weinstock | editor-first = Jeffrey Andrew |author1=Fallows, Randall | title = Taking South Park Seriously | publisher = SUNY Press | year = 2008 | isbn = 978-0-7914-7566-9}}

{{Refend}}