Sungkyunkwan University

{{Short description|Private university in South Korea}}

{{About||the former Confucian academy|Sungkyunkwan|the subway station by the Natural Sciences Campus|Sungkyunkwan University Station|the university in North Korea|Koryo Songgyungwan University}}

{{Infobox university

| name = Sungkyunkwan University

| native_name = {{Lang|ko-Hani|成均館大學校}}
{{Lang|ko|성균관대학교}}Abbreviations of Sungkyunkwan University in {{Korean|성대|成大|Seongdae}}. English: SKKU

| native_name_lang = Korean

| image = Sungkyunkwan University seal.svg

| motto = {{Lang|ko|인의예지}} ({{linktext|仁|義|禮|智}})

| motto_lang = ko

| mottoeng = Humanity, Righteousness, Propriety, Wisdom{{cite web |url=https://www.skku.edu/skku/about/s620/sub04_01.do|title=교시/건학이념|publisher=Sungkyunkwan University|access-date=2023-04-15|language=Korean}}

| established = {{start date and age|1398}}.

Given college status in 1946.{{cite web|url=https://www.skku.edu/skku/about/s620/sub02_03.do|title=History|publisher=University of Sungkyunkwan|access-date=2023-04-12}}

| type = Private

| faculty = 3,704 (1,525 full-time){{cite web |url=https://www.skku.edu/skku/about/status/univ_info.do|title=대학소개>대학현황>현황|publisher=Sungkyunkwan University|access-date=2023-04-14|language=Korean}}

| president = Yoo Ji-Beom

| students = 34,441[https://www.skku.edu/skku/about/status/univ_info.do 대학소개>대학현황>현황]

| undergrad = 25,049

| postgrad = 9,392

| city = Seoul (Humanities and Social Sciences Campus), Suwon (Natural Sciences Campus)

| country = South Korea

| coordinates = {{coord|37|35|14|N|126|59|39|E|region:KR_type:edu|display=inline,title}}

| campus = Urban

| colors = {{color box|#003e74}} Blue
{{color box|#8dc73f}} Lime Green
{{color box|#ff6c0f}} Orange
{{color box|#2e4e3f}} Dark Green

| mascot = Ginkgo

| website = {{URL|http://www.skku.edu/}}

| module = {{Infobox Korean name

|hangul = 성균관대학교

|hanja = {{linktext|成|均|館|大學校}}

|rr = Seonggyungwan Daehakgyo

|mr = Sŏnggyun'gwan Taehakkyo

|child = yes}}

}}

Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU or Seongdae, {{korean|성균관대학교|hanja=成均館大學校}}) is a private research university with campuses in Seoul and Suwon, South Korea.

The institution traces its origins to the historic Sungkyunkwan founded in 1398 in central Seoul.[http://www.waseda.jp/cie/pdf/studyabroad/2012/abroad8/Sungkyunkwan/2013_SKKU_ISS.pdf] SKKU Official Brochure 2013 As the foremost educational institution during the Joseon period, it was governed by the great code of the state administration[http://english.visitkorea.or.kr/e_book/access/ecatalog.jsp?Dir=16&catimage=&callmode=&cpage=76] Gyeongguk Daejeon, the great code with royal assent.[https://books.google.com/books?id=XB4UYXNQK1wC&pg=PA205] Sungkyunkwan in the code of Gyeongguk Daejeon By a resolution of the Progressive Intellectuals and Confucian scholars, it was restructured as a comprehensive university in the mid-20th century, and has since greatly expanded its academic offerings.

History

{{See also|Sungkyunkwan}}

File:Sungkyunkwan Myeongnyundang.jpg

File:600 Anniversary Hall (3).JPG

Sungkyunkwan was established in 1398 and became the most prestigious educational institution in Joseon. Its name means "to make" ({{Korean|hangul=성|hanja=成|rr=seong|labels=no}}), "harmonious society" ({{Korean|hangul=균|hanja=均|rr=gyun|labels=no}}), "institute" ({{Korean|hangul=관|hanja=館|rr=gwan|labels=no}}).{{cite web |title=성균관대학교 대학정보 성대역사 / 상징 성대 623년 약사 현대 대학시대 |url=https://www.skku.edu/skku/about/s620/sub02_03.do |website=www.skku.edu |access-date=12 April 2023 |language=ko}}

The school focused on in-depth study of the Chinese classics, Confucian canon, and contemporary literature; and on how to apply knowledge to governing the nation and to understanding the nature of humanity. It also served as a shrine (see Munmyo) to Confucian sages, and rituals were held regularly to honor them and their teachings.{{Citation needed|date=October 2023}}

The school was located within the city walls of Hanseong (modern-day Seoul), Korea's capital during the Joseon Dynasty. It followed the example of the Goryeo-period Gukjagam, which in its latter years was also known by the name "Sungkyunkwan".{{Citation needed|date=October 2023}}

Numerous Korean historical figures, including Yi Hwang and Yi I, studied at and graduated from Sungkyunkwan. A considerable amount of Korean literature and works of Hanja calligraphy were created and archived by Sungkyunkwan scholars over the centuries.{{Citation needed|date=October 2023}}

The history of Sungkyunkwan University can be divided into the ancient university, modern university, and contemporary university eras.{{Citation needed|date=October 2023}}

=Ancient University Era (1398–1894)=

{{unreferencedsect|date=January 2025}}

During the ancient university era, traditional Confucian education was practiced.

From the establishment of Sungkyunkwan during the reign of King Taejo to the time of King Seongjong, buildings were constructed, systems were established, operating policies were effected, and the school was cemented as the top national educational center.

A long period of recession followed, from 1495 to 1724, that is, from the time of Yeonsangun to that of Gyeongjong. The beginning of this period was marked by a brief closure due to the tyranny of Yeonsangun, when, in 1505, Sungkyunkwan was reduced to a place to hold feasts. Though it was restored to its original status the next year under King Jungjong, during the Japanese invasions of Korea (1592–1598), Sungkyunkwan was burnt down and rebuilt.

A period of revival followed, from 1725 to 1894, that is, from the reign of King Yeongjo to the time of Gabo Reform. Education at Sungkyunkwan became lively amid political and academic revival, and reformation of the education system was actively developed by Silhak scholars.

=Modern University Era (1895–1945)=

A period of enlightenment followed, that is, from Sungkyunkwan's founding as a modern university (1895) to the Japanese annexation of Korea (1910). In 1895, a three-year department of Chinese classics ({{Korean|hangul=경학과|hanja=經學科|rr=gyeonghakkwa|labels=no}}) was established, and various courses such as history, geography, and mathematics were taught. At the same time, a professor appointment system, admission examination system, and graduation examination system were implemented; a semester system was introduced; and modern institutional reforms such as setting the number of teaching days per year and the number of lecture hours per week were effected. Under Japanese occupation (1910–1945), however, Sungkyunkwan lost its position as the highest school in Joseon.

= Contemporary University Era (1945–Present) =

On 15 August 1945, the Japanese Empire was defeated. In November of the same year, Kim Chang-sook led a foundation that revived Sungkyunkwan as an educational center.{{cite web |title=Simsan Kim Chang-suk |url=https://www.skku.edu/eng/About/s620/sub05_8.do |website=www.skku.edu |access-date=12 April 2023 |language=en}} Sungkyunkwan University was thus re-established by collecting some of the property of the hyanggyo and donations from Confucian scholars.

Partnership with Samsung

Samsung partnered with SKKU from 1965 to 1977, and renewed this partnership in 1996. The university claims that this has helped it to pursue globalization and to foster talented graduates.[http://www.skku.edu/new_home/205_eng/about/about1_6_4.jsp] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140313195146/http://www.skku.edu/new_home/205_eng/about/about1_6_4.jsp|date=2014-03-13}} Global leading programs with Samsung The partnership has boosted research infrastructure and human resource management, and it has helped the university to develop courses in software development, mobile communications engineering, energy engineering, nanotechnology, business, medicine, and law.{{cite web|title=Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU) – Our Organizing Partner|url=http://www.qsapple.org/9thqsapple/index.php/organizers/skku|publisher=QS-APPLE|access-date=13 March 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140313125433/http://www.qsapple.org/9thqsapple/index.php/organizers/skku|archive-date=2014-03-13|url-status=dead}}

Through the Samsung Global Scholarship Program, 15–25 students are selected annually for Seoul National University's engineering program or to enroll at SKKU's Graduate School of Business (SKK GSB), which partners with top business schools abroad, including the MIT Sloan School of Management, Columbia University, Northwestern University's Kellogg School of Management, University of Michigan's Ross School of Business, Dartmouth College's Tuck School of Business, Indiana University's Kelley School of Business, and the Singapore Management University.{{cite web|title=Why SKK GSB?|url=https://gsb.skku.edu/en/About/Why.do|publisher=SKKU|access-date=2023-04-12}}

Rankings and reputation

{{Infobox South Korean university ranking

| JOONG_N = 3

| QS_N = 6

| THE_N = 3=

| ARWU_N = 2

| LINE_1 = 0

| QS_A = 16

| QS_WA =

| THE_A = 22

| ARWU_A =

| USNWR_A = =58

| LINE_2 = 0

| QS_W = =123

| THE_W = =102

| ARWU_W = 151–200

| USNWR_W = =275

}}

According to the ranking of South Korean universities annually published by the national daily newspaper JoongAng Daily, Sungkyunkwan University is ranked third in South Korea after Seoul National University and Yonsei University.{{cite web|url=https://koreajoongangdaily.joins.com/2022/11/14/national/kcampus/korea-university-college/20221114182422851.html|title=SNU keeps top slot in university rankings for 7th year|website=Korea JoongAng Daily|date=12 April 2023 }} For several years, U.S. News & World Report ranked Sungkyunkwan University second in the country.{{Cite web|title=Search U.S. News Best Global Universities|url=https://www.usnews.com/education/best-global-universities/search?region=asia&country=south-korea}}

In the Quacquarelli Symonds (QS) world university rankings (2023), SKKU is ranked 99th globally, and 36th in Asia.{{cite web|date=12 April 2023|title=QS World University Rankings 2023: Top global universities|url=https://www.topuniversities.com/university-rankings/world-university-rankings/2023?qs_qp=topnav}} In the Times Higher Education 2023 world university rankings, SKKU is ranked 170th internationally.{{cite web|date=12 April 2023|title=World University Rankings 2023|url=https://www.timeshighereducation.com/world-university-rankings/2023/world-ranking#!/page/0/length/25/locations/KOR/sort_by/rank/sort_order/asc/cols/stats}}

In the Financial Times rankings, SKK GSB's MBA ranks 82nd worldwide, 15th in Asia, and first in Korea.{{cite web|title=MBA 2023|url=https://rankings.ft.com/rankings/2909/mba-2023|work=Financial Times|access-date=12 April 2023}}

Campuses and transport

=Humanities and Social Sciences Campus (Seoul)=

The university's Humanities and Social Sciences Campus, also housing arts departments, is in central Seoul on the same hill as Changdeokgung and Changgyeonggung (two of the royal palaces of Joseon). The 1,394,154 m2 campus lies in Myeongnyun-dong, near Daehangno. The nearest subway station is Hyehwa on Line 4, and the university operates shuttle buses between the station and the campus.

File:Sungkyunkwan University Bicheondang and 600th Anniversary Hall.jpg

File:SKKU Buses in front of Student Center.JPG

=Natural Sciences Campus (Suwon)=

The Natural Sciences Campus, housing natural science, engineering, medicine, and sports departments, is within walking distance of Sungkyunkwan University Station in Yuljeon-dong, northwest Suwon. The 101-hectare campus, 45 km south of Seoul, was established in 1978. At 2,199,187 m2, it is more spacious than the campus in Seoul, so sports facilities and a botanical garden are located on this campus.

SKKU NSC Entrance sign.jpg|Natural Sciences Campus entrance

SKKU Natural Sciences Campus from Industry Cooperation Centre.jpg|Natural Sciences Campus seen from the Industry Cooperation Centre

SKKU Gardens Royal azalea.jpg|Royal azalea by the garden

SKKU Gardens Avenue.jpg|Avenue of trees in the garden

SKKU Gardens Lantern.jpg|Stone lantern in the garden

SKKU Pond.jpg|Pond in outflow towards Ilwol Reservoir

SKKU Pond fish.jpg|Fish in the pond

SKKU Stream.jpg|Stream in outflow towards Ilwol Reservoir

SKKU Stream - Dragon.jpg|Metal dragon in stream

Symbols

SKKU's motto is "Humanity, Righteousness, Propriety, and Wisdom" ({{Korean|hangul=인의예지|hanja=仁義禮智|labels=no}}), and reflects the basic spirit of Neo-Confucianism.{{cite web |title=Overview |url=https://www.skku.edu/eng/About/s620/sub02_01.do |access-date=2023-04-12 |publisher=SKKU |language=English}}

The university's symbol—the ginkgo leaf—is derived from the giant ginkgo trees (Natural Monument No. 59) at Myeongnyundang. Both trees are male, and thus do not bear fruit. They are believed to have been planted circa 1519 by Yun Tak, a former chief scholar of Sungkyunkwan.{{cite web |url=https://www.skku.edu/eng/About/symbol/sy_tree_song_02.do|title=University Arbor|publisher=SKKU|access-date=2023-04-12|language=English}}

File:Old Sungkyunkwan.JPG

Student housing and dormitories

The university has several on-campus dormitories. The Humanities and Social Sciences campus in Seoul has ten dormitories and housing facilities, namely C-house, E-house, G-house, I-house, K-house, M-house, Crownville A, Crownville C, LWG House, and Victory House, while the Natural Sciences Campus in Suwon has five dormitories, namely In-Kwan, Ui-Kwan, Ye-Kwan, Shin-Kwan and Ji-Kwan.{{cite web|url=https://dorm.skku.edu/en_skku/|title=SKKU BONGRYONG HAKSA|website=dorm.skku.edu}}

Research

The university spends heavily on research and development, mostly sponsored by Samsung, Hyundai, and government agencies. Notable researchers include Clarivate Citation Laureate Park Nam-Gyu (2017),{{cite web|url=https://clarivate.com/news/identifying-extreme-impact-research-clarivate-analytics-uses-citations-forecast-nobel-prize-winners/|title=The 2017 Clarivate Citation Laureates - Clarivate|date=20 September 2017 }} and physics professor Lee Young-hee, director of the Center for Integrated Nanostructure Physics in the Institute for Basic Science. Both scientists frequently publish in Nature.{{cite web|url=https://www.natureindex.com/supplements/nature-index-2017-science-cities/sungkyunkwan-university-skku|title=Always ahead of its time - Nature Index Supplements - Nature Index|website=www.natureindex.com}}

=Sungkyunkwan Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology=

File:SAINT.jpg

Sungkyunkwan Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT) was founded on 1 March 2005 as one of the four core programs of Sungkyunkwan University's VISION2010+ plan to be ranked in the top 100 universities in the world. With financial support from Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, it aims to become one of the world's top five nanotechnology institutes. The current director of SAINT is Sungjoo Lee.{{cite web |url=https://saint.skku.edu/saint/intro/greetings.do|title=Message from the Head of SAINT|publisher=SKKU|access-date=2023-04-12|language=English}}

=N-Center=

File:N-center.jpg

The N-Center houses the Center for Integrated Nanostructure Physics in the Institute for Basic Science, led by physics Professor Lee Young-hee,{{cite web |url=https://www.ibs.re.kr/eng/sub02_03_02.do#toggle|title=Center for Integrated Nanostructure Physics|publisher=Institute for Basic Science|access-date=2023-04-12|language=English}} and the Center for Neuroscience Imaging Research (CNIR), led by Prof. Seong-Gi Kim.{{cite web |url=https://cnir.ibs.re.kr/html/cnir_en/people/people_0201.html|title=Director|publisher=Institute for Basic Science|access-date=2023-04-12|language=English}}

=School of Medicine=

Students from the School of Medicine train at Samsung Medical Center's hospitals, and many students on campus are first-year undergraduates and postgraduate students.

File:SKKU Medicine from gardens.jpg|School of Medicine

File:SKKU Medicine Memorial to Body Donors.jpg|Memorial to body donors

File:SKKU Medicine Memorial to Body Donors - Inscription.jpg|Memorial to body donors: inscription

File:SKKU Medicine Memorial to Animals.jpg|Memorial to animals

International programs

{{expand section|date=September 2024}}

Over 10% of the university's undergraduates are international students. There were over 2,700 international students enrolled at SKKU in 2013, and each year more than 2,000 Korean students from SKKU go abroad. SKKU maintains partnerships with over 653 universities in over 73 countries, and has agreements with 21 overseas institutions to offer dual-degree programs.{{cite news|last=Oh|first=Kyu-wook|title=SKKU on path to become top global university|url=http://www.koreaherald.com/common_prog/newsprint.php?ud=20131009000294&dt=2|access-date=10 March 2014|newspaper=The Korea Herald|date=9 October 2013}}

Facilities

=Libraries=

In 1946, with the re-establishment of the university, Jongyeonggak, Bicheondang and Myeongnyundang were used as libraries until a new library was built. Another library opened on the Natural Sciences Campus in 1979, and a Library of Medicine was established in 1998. In 1999, the Law Library opened, and in 2000, Jongyeonggak was newly established. Samsung Library was built in 2009, and the Central Library was refurbished in 2011. In total, SKKU's libraries hold more than 2.15 million books—the ninth largest collection of books in university libraries in South Korea.

== Samsung Library ==

Built in 2009,{{cite web |url=https://lib.skku.edu/en/#/guide/history|title=History|publisher=SKKU|access-date=2023-04-12|language=English}} this library, alongside typical library functions, houses a digital media room where students can watch movies, and a sleeping arena.{{cite web|url=http://learningspacedesignanddevelopment.blogspot.com/2012/04/sungkyunkwan-university-samsung-library.html|title=Exploring Learning Spaces and Libraries in Asia: Sungkyunkwan University - Samsung Library|first=Toni|last=Kelly|date=14 April 2012}}

Sungkyunkwan University Samsung Library.jpg|Samsung Library

Cafe sách, đại học Sungkyunkwan.jpeg|Lounge

Phòng đọc tầng 5, đại học Sungkyunkwan.jpeg|Reading room

= Learning Factory =

SKKU Learning Factory is a student facility at the Natural Sciences campus where creative ideas can be made physically as prototype products using 3D printers, laser cutters, CNC router, and Arduino. The center was established by the Fusion Based Creative Informatics Human Resources Development Team.{{cite web|url=https://www.skku.edu/skku/campus/skk_comm/popup_news_en.do?mode=view&articleNo=51539&article.offset=730&articleLimit=10|title=Open house for SKKU Creative Fusion Factory, "Learning Factory "publisher=SKKU|access-date=2023-04-12|language=English}}

=Sports facilities=

Operating under the College of Sports Science, there are several student sports clubs including a baseball club, floor ball club, tennis club, basketball club, soccer club, volleyball club, and cricket club.{{cite web |url=https://sport.skku.edu/eng_sports/campus/activities.do|title=Mireukdang|publisher=SKKU|access-date=2023-04-12|language=English}} There is a full-size soccer field, basketball court, tennis courts, athletics track, and baseball fields on the Natural Sciences Campus.

File:Baseball field at Sungkyunkwan university.jpg|Baseball field

File:Basket ball field.jpg|Basketball courts

File:Soccer field.jpg|Soccer field

File:Volleball playground.jpg|Volleyball court

Notable alumni

{{Unreferenced section|date=October 2023}}

=Politics, diplomacy and public service=

= Sports =

=Entertainment=

File:121206 문화연예대상 송중기.jpg]]

=Historical figures=

File:學易齋鄭麟趾尊影.jpg|Chŏng Inji (1396-1478): Entered in 1411. Yeonguijeong who contributed to the development of culture and science in the early Joseon Dynasty.

File:东国通鉴.jpg|Choe Hang (1409-1474): Entered in 1434. Civil minister, compiled Gyeongguk daejeon.

File:Coat of Arms of Joseon Korea.png|Munjong (1414-1452): Entered in 1421. The first Crown Prince to enter Sungkyunkwan.

File:Shin Suk-ju.jpg|Shin Suk-ju (1417-1475): Entered in 1438. Politician and diplomat of the early Joseon Dynasty.

File:세조 어진 초본.jpg|King Sejo (1417-1468): Entered in 1430. Seventh king of the Joseon Dynasty.

File:Yerim Yukdeoksa 2.jpg|Kim Chong-jik (1431-1492): Entered in 1453. Compiled Donggukyeojiseungram.

File:Cho Kwang-jo in 1750.jpg|Jo Gwang-jo (1482-1519): Entered in 1510. Munmyo Baehyang ({{Korean|hangul=문묘배향|hanja=文廟配享|labels=no}}). Promoted Hyangyak throughout the country.

File:Statue of Yi Hwang.jpg| Yi Hwang (1501–1570): Entered in 1523. Wrote The Ten Diagrams on Sage Learning ({{Korean|hangul=성학십도|hanja=聖學十圖|labels=no}}).

File:Portrait of Seosan Daesa-Cheonghodang.jpg|Hyujeong (1520-1604): Entered in 1537. Warrior monk during the Japanese invasions of Korea (1592–1598).

File:Sitting Yi I.jpg|Yi I (1536-1584): Entered in 1558. Munmyo Baehyang ({{Korean|hangul=문묘배향|hanja=文廟配享|labels=no}}). Wrote The Essentials of the Studies of the Sages ({{Korean|hangul=성학집요|hanja=聖學輯要|labels=no}}). Philosopher who sophisticated the Joseon Dynasty's neo-Confucianism.

File:Chingbirok.jpg|Yu Sŏngnyong (1542-1607): Entered in 1565. Yeonguijeong during the Japanese invasions of Korea (1592–1598). Wrote Jingbirok.

File:Korea-Portrait of Kim Jangsaeng.jpg|Kim Jang-saeng (1548-1631): Entered in 1623. Sa-eob of Sungkyunkwan ({{Korean|hangul=성균관사업|hanja=成均館司業|labels=no}}), Munmyo Baehyang ({{Korean|hangul=문묘배향|hanja=文廟配享|labels=no}}).

File:Yun Du-seo.jpg|Yun Seon-do (1587-1671): Entered in 1612. Wrote the Gosan seonsaeng yugo ({{Korean|hangul=고산선생유고|hanja=孤山先生遺稿|labels=no}}).

File:Heo Mok.jpg|Heo Mok (1565-1682): Entered in 1675. Jeju of Sungkyunkwan ({{Korean|hangul=성균관제주|hanja=成均館祭酒|labels=no}})

File:Yunhyu.jpg|Yun Hyu (1617-1680): Entered in 1675. Sa-eob of Sungkyunkwan ({{Korean|hangul=성균관사업|hanja=成均館司|labels=no}}業), Criticized the doctrine of Zhu Xi.

File:Korea-Portrait of Kwon Sangha-Joseon.jpg|Gwon Sang-ha (1641-1721): Entered in 1660. Criticized the theory that human and animal nature are the same ({{Korean|hangul=인물성동론|hanja=人物性同論|rr=Inmulseongdonglon|labels=no}})

File:Portrait of Park Munsu.jpg|Bak Mun-su (1691-1756): Jeonjeok of Sungkyunkwan ({{Korean|hangul=성균관전적|hanja=成均館典籍|labels=no}}), Worked as a secret royal inspector.

File:Portrait of King Yeongjo - Chae Yong Shin (蔡龍臣 1850-1941) Cho Seok-jin (趙錫晉 1853-1920) et (cropped).jpg|King Yeongjo (1694-1776): Entered in 1722. Implemented the Policy of Impartiality ({{Korean|hangul=탕평책|hanja=蕩平策|labels=no}}), the Equalized Tax Law ({{Korean|hangul=균역법|hanja=均役法|labels=no}})

File:Jeong Yak-yong.jpg|Jeong Yak-yong (1762-1836): Entered in 1783. Famous scholar of the Silhak movement ({{Korean|hangul=실학|hanja=實學|labels=no}}). Wrote over 500 books, including Mongmin Simseo ({{Korean|hangul=목민심서|hanja=牧民心書|labels=no}}), Gyeongse yupyo ({{Korean|hangul=경세유표|hanja=經世遺表|labels=no}}).

File:Park Kyu-su.jpg|Bak Gyusu (1807-1877): Entered in 1827. Pioneer of the enlightenment group.

File:Portraits for Choe Ik-Hyeon by Chae Yong-sin.jpg|Choe Ik-hyeon (1833-1906): Entered in 1854. Uijong Cheoksa activities, Righteous Army activities in 1895, 1905.

File:Yi Dong-nyung.jpg|Yi Dong-nyeong (1869-1940): Entered in 1892. Independence activist. President of the Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea in exile in Shanghai, China.

File:단재신채호.jpg|Sin Chaeho (1880-1936): Ph.D. 1905. Independence activist, historian. Wrote Ancient History of Korea ({{Korean|hangul=조선상고사|hanja=朝鮮上古史|rr=Joseon Sanggo Sa|labels=no}})

File:조소앙 얼굴.jpg|Jo So-ang (1887-1959): Entered in 1902. Wrote the Daehan Independence Declaration ({{Korean|hangul=대한독립선언서|hanja=大韓獨立宣言書|labels=no}}). Advocated the Three Principles of the Equality.

See also

References

{{Reflist}}