Talk:Multi-Domain Operations

This is text moved from United States Army Futures Command. Perhaps it will be of use in expanding this Multi-Domain Operations article. PRRfan (talk) 18:04, 2 October 2023 (UTC)

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• Multi-Domain Operations (MDO):{{efn|name= unclMdoConcept |1= The Army's unclassified Multi-Domain Operations (MDO) concept is "the combined arms employment of capabilities from all domains that create and exploit relative advantages to defeat enemy forces, achieve objectives and consolidate gains during competition, crisis, and armed conflict".Jen Judson [https://www.defensenews.com/land/2022/03/23/multidomain-operations-concept-will-become-doctrine-this-summer/ (23 Mar 2022) Multidomain operations concept will become doctrine this summer]}}{{efn |name= mdoExplainer |1= Echelons above brigade (division, corps, and theater army) engage in a continuum of conflict.{{efn|name=hyten2020|1= Colin Clark [https://breakingdefense.com/2020/02/gen-hyten-on-the-new-american-way-of-war-all-domain-operations/ (18 Feb 2020) Gen. Hyten On The New American Way of War: All-Domain Operations] (ADO)
• "A computer-coordinated fight": in the air, land, sea, space, cyber, and the electromagnetic spectrum (EMS)
• "forces from satellites to foot soldiers to submarines sharing battle data at machine-to-machine speed"
• "it's the ability to integrate and effectively command and control all domains in a conflict or in a crisis seamlessly"—Gen. Hyten, Vice Chairman of the Joint Chiefs
• All-Domain Operations (ADO) use global capabilities: "space, cyber, deterrent [the nuclear triad (for mutually assured destruction in the Cold War, an evolving concept in itself)], transportation, electromagnetic spectrum operations, missile defense"

}}{{efn|name= leoLRPFKillChain|1= Sydney J. Freedberg Jr. [https://breakingdefense.com/2019/11/secarmys-multi-domain-kill-chain-space-to-cloud-to-ai/ (November 22, 2019) SecArmy's Multi-Domain Kill Chain: Space-Cloud-AI ] Army Multi-Domain Operations Concept, December 2018 slide from [https://adminpubs.tradoc.army.mil/pamphlets/TP525-3-1.pdf TRADOC pamphlet 525-3-1 (Dec 2018)].

{{anchor|jadoDevFromMdo}}File:Multi Domain Operations,space.png, land, air, maritime, cyber, and populations.]]

• In September 2020 an ABMS Onramp demonstrated a specific scenario, which can be illustrated by the 5 red numbered bullet points from the slide in TRADOC pamphlet 525-3-1:

1. Competition— No overt hostilities are yet detected. Blue bar (force projection) is in standoff against red bar (threat).
2. Strategic Support area— National assets (blue) detect breaching of standoff by adversary (in red).
3. Close area support— blue assets hand-off to the combatant commands, who are to create effects visible to the adversary (in red).
4. Deep maneuver— blue combatant actions dis-integrate adversary efforts (per TRADOC pamphlet 525-3-1: "militarily compete, penetrate, dis-integrate, and exploit" the adversary); —Operational and Strategic deep fires create effects on the adversary. Adversary is further subject to defeat in detail, until adversaries perceive they are overmatched (no more red assets to expend).
5. Adversary retreats to standoff. The populations perceive that the adversary is defeated, for now. (Compare to Perkins' cycle, 'return to competition', in which deterrence has succeeded in avoiding a total war, in favor of pushing an adversary back to standoff (the red threat bar). Blue force projection still has overmatched red threat.)}}Office of the Chief of Public Affairs, US Army

[https://www.dvidshub.net/video/715345/2019-ausa-warriors-corner-tacticalspace-delivering-future-force-space-capabilities (10.16.2019) 2019 AUSA Warriors Corner - TacticalSpace: Delivering Future Force Space Capabilities]

The Army is the largest user of Space

• #Assured Positioning, Navigation and Timing
• #Tactical Space: SDA is structuring a multi-layer satellite system:
• ##Backbone layer for data transport downward to the long-range precision fires
• ##Custody layer for missiles' trajectories, whether friendly or threat
• ##Tracking layer for hypersonic glide vehicles which represent threats to the multi-layer satellite system
• ##Space situational awareness for cis-lunar trajectories,
• #NavWar{{rp|minute 17:45}}Lt. Gen. Eric J. Wesley, U.S. Army, Chief Warrant Officer 5 Jon Bates, U.S. Army [https://www.armyupress.army.mil/Journals/Military-Review/English-Edition-Archives/May-June-2020/Wesley-Winning-Tomorrow/ (May-Jun 2020) To Change an Army—Winning Tomorrow] The MDO concept —TRADOC pamphlet 525-3-1 }}]]{{Cite web |date=2018-06-13 |title=The U.S. Army Modernization Strategy |url=https://apgnews.com/community-news/news-briefs/the-u-s-army-modernization-strategy/ |access-date=2021-12-15 |website=APG News |language=en-US}}Anthony Small {{citation |title=Futures Command Deputy Commanding General talks the U.S. Army's Future at South by Southwest |date=13 March 2019 |url=https://www.army.mil/article/218531/futures_command_highlights_changes_new_structure_at_sxsw |publisher=US Army}}Todd South [https://www.armytimes.com/news/your-army/2019/09/12/massive-simulation-shows-the-need-for-speed-in-multi-domain-ops/ (13 September 2019) Massive simulation shows the need for speed in multi-domain ops] "400 participants working with 55 formations, 64 concepts and 150 capabilities"Sydney J. Freedberg Jr. {{Cite web |date=2018-12-07 |title=Army Multi-Domain Update: New HQs, Grey Zones, & The Art of The Unfeasible |url=https://breakingdefense.sites.breakingmedia.com/2018/12/army-multi-domain-update-new-hqs-grey-zones-the-art-of-the-unfeasible/ |access-date=2021-12-15 |website=Breaking Defense |language=en-US}} Joint planning and operations are also part of the impending DoD emphasis on multi-domain operations.Gen. David G. Perkins, U.S. Army [https://www.armyupress.army.mil/Journals/Military-Review/English-Edition-Archives/November-December-2017/Multi-Domain-Battle-The-Advent-of-Twenty-First-Century-War/ (Nov-Dec 2017) Multi-Domain Battle: The Advent of Twenty-First Century War]Sydney J. Freedberg Jr. [https://breakingdefense.com/2019/03/us-gets-its-ass-handed-to-it-in-wargames-heres-a-24-billion-fix/ (7 March 2019) US 'Gets Its Ass Handed To It' In Wargames: Here's A $24 Billion Fix] Army prepositioned stocks (APS) vulnerability{{Cite web |title=Readiness for the 21st Century: An interview with retired Gen. David McKiernan |url=https://www.army.mil/article/210106/readiness_for_the_21st_century_an_interview_with_retired_gen_david_mckiernan |access-date=2021-12-14 |website=www.army.mil |language=en}}Matthew Cox [https://www.military.com/daily-news/2018/04/28/could-armys-quest-leap-ahead-technologies-be-its-undoing.html (28 April 2018) How Future Combat Systems Failed]Army Futures Command [https://www.army.mil/standto/archive_2020-02-28/ (28 February 2020) Joint All Domain Command and Control] AFC is the functional lead representing the Army in JADC2's development Multi-domain battalions,{{efn|When used in multi-domain operations, I2CEWS denotes Intelligence, Information, Cyber, Electronic Warfare, and Space. See: ISR, or Intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance, and National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency|name=i2cews}} first stood up in 2019,{{cite web |last=Lacdan |first=Joe |date=19 June 2019 |title=Army leaders say service must shore up its space defense |url=http://fortblissbugle.com/2019/06june/062019/pdf/062019part1b.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190623002507/http://fortblissbugle.com/2019/06june/062019/pdf/062019part1b.pdf |archive-date=23 June 2019 |access-date=30 September 2023 |publisher=Army News Service. I Corps has I2CEWS Battalion or Intelligence, Information, Cyber, Electronic Warfare and Space Battalion |quote=(Fyi: the "original" link at "fortblissbugle.com" is now a gaming site. Only use the archive link.)}}* Jason Cutshaw [https://www.army.mil/article/217620/smdc_supports_the_development_of_i2cews_battalions_for_multi_domain_operations (SMDC/ARSTRAT) (21 February 2019) SMDC supports the development of I2CEWS battalions for multi-domain operations]
• Sydney J. Freedberg Jr. [https://breakingdefense.com/2019/01/hack-jam-sense-shoot-army-creates-1st-multi-domain-unit/ (24 Jan 2019) Hack, Jam, Sense & Shoot: Army Creates 1st Multi-Domain Unit] an MDO BN for Targeting, I CorpsUS Army [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NZ9e38B4sxQ (4 Sep 2018) U.S. Army Pacific Commander Gen. Robert Brown: State of the Pacific ] comprise a single unit{{Cite web |last=Freedberg Jr |first=Sydney |date=2018-11-30 |title=Forget The Terminator For Future Army AI: LTG Wesley |url=https://breakingdefense.sites.breakingmedia.com/2018/11/artificial-intelligence-key-to-commanding-future-army-ltg-wesley/ |access-date=2021-12-15 |website=Breaking Defense |language=en-US}}{{Citation |title=AUSA Aviation Hot Topic 2018 - PANEL 1 - Multi Domain Maneuver |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wuAE5eIcFdA |access-date=2021-12-15 |language=en}} for air, land,Jason Cutshaw (USASMDC) [https://www.army.mil/article/225470/leader_gives_space_and_missile_defense_update_at_smd_symposium (8 August 2019) Leader gives space and missile defense update at SMD Symposium] Integrated fires across domains space,Stephen Clark [https://spaceflightnow.com/2019/08/08/atlas-5-launch-adds-to-u-s-militarys-secure-communications-satellite-network/ (8 August 2019) Atlas 5 launch adds to U.S. military's secure communications satellite network ] Air Force's fifth AEHF (Advanced Extremely High Frequency) communications satelliteOffice of the Chief of Public Affairs [https://www.dvidshub.net/video/715345/2019-ausa-warriors-corner-tacticalspace-delivering-future-force-space-capabilities (10.16.2019) 2019 AUSA Warriors Corner - TacticalSpace: Delivering Future Force Space Capabilities]
• Loren Thompson [https://www.forbes.com/sites/lorenthompson/2019/07/30/defense-against-hypersonic-attack-is-becoming-the-biggest-military-challenge-of-the-trump-era/#446b77d062c0 (30 Jul 2019) Defense Against Hypersonic Attack Is Becoming The Biggest Military Challenge Of The Trump Era ]John L. Dolan, Richard K. Gallagher & David L. Mann [https://www.realcleardefense.com/articles/2019/04/23/hypersonic_weapons__a_threat_to_national_security_114358.html (23 April 2019) Hypersonic Weapons – A Threat to National Security] Hypersonic and Ballistic Tracking Space Sensor (HBTSS)

• Kris Osborn [https://defensemaven.io/warriormaven/air/pentagon-advances-new-technology-to-destroy-hypersonic-missile-attacks-oKccmcWHpkqQhBTN-RLtJg/ (16 December 2019) Pentagon Advances New Technology to Destroy Hypersonic Missile Attacks] HBTSS will "establish a continuous 'track' on approaching hypersonic missiles"
• Melanie Marlowe [https://www.c4isrnet.com/space/2020/04/08/three-obstacles-are-slowing-space-sensors-for-hypersonic-threats/ (8 April 2020) Three obstacles are slowing space sensors for hypersonic threats] Continuous tracking is needed to maintain custody of a hypersonic threat before its disposition.
• David Brennan [https://www.newsweek.com/pentagon-orders-hypersonic-missile-trackers-russia-china-arms-race-1564754 (27 Jan 2021) Pentagon Orders Hypersonic Missile Trackers Amid Russia, China Arms Race] HBTSS awards to L3Harris; Northrop GrummanPaul McLeary [https://breakingdefense.com/2019/12/mda-kickstarts-new-way-to-kill-hypersonic-missiles/ (18 December 2019) MDA Kickstarts New Way To Kill Hypersonic Missiles] MDA's Hypersonic Defense Weapon System - 4 Interceptors—and cyberKathryn Bailey, PEO C3T Public Affairs [https://www.army.mil/article/230394/the_army_gathers_industry_to_inspire_network_modernization (26 November 2019) The Army gathers industry to inspire network modernization] Network Cross-Functional Team (N-CFT) and PEO C3T hosted 670 industry partners at the Technical Exchange Meeting (TEM) 4, Capability Set (CS) 23. www.army.milMezher, Chyrine {{Cite web |date=2019-05-15 |title=How To Wage Global Cyber War: Nakasone, Norton, & Deasy |url=https://breakingdefense.sites.breakingmedia.com/2019/05/how-to-wage-global-cyber-war-nakasone-norton-deasy/ |access-date=2021-12-15 |website=Breaking Defense |language=en-US}} domains.Theresa Hitchens and Sydney J. Freedberg Jr. [https://breakingdefense.com/2019/08/army-seeks-small-satellites-to-support-ground-troops/ (7 August 2019) Army Seeks Small Satellites To Support Ground Troops] 3 programs: Gunsmoke, Lonestar and Polaris.

• Theresa Hitchens [https://breakingdefense.com/2020/10/smdc-pushes-for-new-pnt-tracking-sat-payloads/ (12 October 2020) SMDC Pushes For New PNT, Tracking Sat Payloads] In addition to the 3 LEO satellite programs mentioned above, SMDC's technical center is working on project TITAN (Tactical Intelligence Targeting Access Node), a "common, mobile ground station" for the Army's tactical needs.{{Cite web |title=Army aligning modernization programs with other services |url=https://www.army.mil/article/217305/army_aligning_modernization_programs_with_other_services |access-date=2021-12-15 |website=www.army.mil |language=en}} A hypersonic-based battery similar to a THAAD battery is under consideration for this type of battalion,Sean Kimmons, Army News Service {{Cite web |title=Joint hypersonic weapon tests to start next year |url=https://www.army.mil/article/222617/joint_hypersonic_weapon_tests_to_start_next_year |access-date=2021-12-15 |website=www.army.mil |language=en}}Sydney J. Freedberg Jr. [https://breakingdefense.com/2020/03/hypersonics-army-navy-test-common-glide-body/ (20 Mar 2020) Hypersonics: Army, Navy Test Common Glide Body ] "The U.S. Navy and U.S. Army jointly executed the launch of a common hypersonic glide body (C-HGB), which flew at hypersonic speed to a designated impact point"

• [https://www.army.mil/article/233873/department_of_defense_tests_hypersonic_glide_body DoD (20 March 2020) Department of Defense tests hypersonic glide body] "The C-HGB – when fully fielded – will comprise the weapon's conventional warhead, guidance system, cabling, and thermal protection shield." Also: comments from LTG L. Neill Thurgood RCCTO possibly denoted a strategic fires battalionJen Judson [https://www.defensenews.com/digital-show-dailies/ausa/2019/10/16/strategic-long-range-cannon-preps-to-jump-its-first-tech-hurdle/ (14 Oct 2019) Strategic, long-range cannon preps to jump its first tech hurdle] 2019 AUSA— targets 2023 prototype{{Cite web |last=Judson |first=Jen |date=2019-06-05 |title=Coming soon to the US Army: Combat-capable hypersonic and laser weapons |url=https://www.c4isrnet.com/land/2019/06/05/coming-soon-to-the-us-army-combat-capable-hypersonic-and-laser-weapons/ |access-date=2021-12-15 |website=C4ISRNet |language=en}}{{Cite web |title=Army accelerates delivery of directed energy, hypersonic weapon prototypes |url=https://www.army.mil/article/222891/army_accelerates_delivery_of_directed_energy_hypersonic_weapon_prototypes |access-date=2021-12-15 |website=www.army.mil |language=en}} (however I2CEWS support would likely be needed),{{efn|name=i2cews}} depending on the theater. In 2019, as part of a series of globally integrated exercises, these capabilities were analyzed.[https://www.tradoc.army.mil/Portals/14/Documents/MDO/TP525-3-1_30Nov2018.pdf TRADOC Pamphlet 525-3-1 (6 December 2018) The U.S. Army in Multi-Domain Operations 2028] "describes how US Army forces, as part of the Joint Force, will militarily compete, penetrate, dis-integrate, and exploit our adversaries in the future." [https://adminpubs.tradoc.army.mil/pamphlets/TP525-3-1.pdf Link moved here]Claire Heininger [https://www.army.mil/article/209672/army_air_force_team_on_sensor_to_shooter_prototype_for_multi_domain_battle (9 August 2018) Army, Air Force team on sensor to shooter prototype for multi-domain battle]Mark Pomerleau [https://www.c4isrnet.com/c2-comms/2018/04/11/in-the-move-to-multi-domain-operations-what-gets-lost/ (11 April 2018) In the move to multi-domain operations, what gets lost? ] The space, cyber, and information domains transcend geographic AoRs Using massive simulationDan Gouré [https://www.realcleardefense.com/articles/2019/08/02/army_futures_commands_report_card_after_its_first_year_114632.html (2 August 2019) Army Futures Command's Report Card After Its First Year] Need: MDO doctrine in DoD, Two theater operation at island & continent, augment BCTs with higher echelon capability the need for a §new kind of command and control (now denoted JADC2) to integrate this firepower was explored.Sydney J. Freedberg Jr. [https://breakingdefense.com/2019/08/hypersonics-army-awards-699m-to-build-first-missiles-for-a-combat-unit/ (30 August 2019) Hypersonics: Army Awards $699M To Build First Missiles For A Combat Unit] prototypes—Dynetics: Common hypersonic glide body (C-HGB); Lockheed: Long range hypersonic weapon (LRHW)

• Nancy Jones-Bonbrest, U.S. Army RCCTO [https://www.army.mil/article/226368/army_awards_hypersonic_weapon_system_contracts (30 August 2019) Army awards hypersonic weapon system contracts]
• The ability to punch-through any standoff defense of a near-peer competitor is the goal which Futures Command is seeking.Yasmin Tadjdeh [https://www.nationaldefensemagazine.org/articles/2018/10/10/army-to-focus-on-defeating-enemies-standoff-capabilities (10/10/2018) Army to Focus on Defeating Enemies' Standoff Capabilities] Summary of standoffArmy.mil {{Cite web |title=Robotic combat vehicles could change way Army looks, fights |url=https://www.army.mil/article/223657/robotic_combat_vehicles_could_change_way_army_looks_fights |access-date=2021-12-15 |website=www.army.mil |language=en}}{{Cite web |title=Aviation Industry Days: Army Aviation aims for more lethal Multi-Domain Operations capability |url=https://www.army.mil/article/225269/aviation_industry_days_army_aviation_aims_for_more_lethal_multi_domain_operations_capability |access-date=2021-12-25 |website=www.army.mil |language=en}} For example, the combination of F-35-based targeting coordinates, Long range precision fires, and Low-earth-orbit satelliteTheresa Hitchens [https://breakingdefense.com/2019/12/hey-sda-afrl-boosts-space-based-internet-tests/ (2 December 2019) Hey SDA, AFRL Boosts Space-Based Internet Tests] capability overmatches the competition, according to Lt. Gen. Wesley.Joseph Lacdan, Army News Service [https://www.army.mil/article/228757/afc_deputy_combined_capabilities_make_military_might_more_lethal (21 October 2019) AFC deputy: Combined capabilities make military might more lethal] {{efn|name=leoLRPFKillChain}} Critical decisions to meet this goal will be decided by data from the results of the Army's ongoing tests of the prototypes under development.{{Cite web |title=The Army joins the Air Force, Navy in attempt to develop hypersonic weaponry |url=https://www.army.mil/article/212487/the_army_joins_the_air_force_navy_in_attempt_to_develop_hypersonic_weaponry |access-date=2021-12-15 |website=www.army.mil |language=en}}
• For example, in Long Range Precision Fires (LRPF), the director of the LRPF CFT envisions one application as an anti-access/area denial (A2AD) probe; this spares resources from the other services;Sydney J. Freedberg Jr. [https://breakingdefense.com/2020/07/army-says-long-range-missiles-will-help-air-force-not-compete/ (16 July 2020) Army Says Long Range Missiles Will Help Air Force, Not Compete ] by firing a munition with a thousand-mile range at an adversary, LRPF would force an adversary to respond, which exposes the locations of its countermeasures, and might even expose the location of an adversary force's headquarters. In that situation an adversary's headquarters would not survive for long, and the adversary's forces would be subject to defeat in detail. But LRPF is only one part of the strategy of overmatch by a Combatant commander.
• In August–September 2020. at Yuma Proving Ground, the US Army engaged in a five-week exercise to rapidly merge capabilities in multiple-domains. The exercise prototyped a ground tactical Network, pushing it to its limits of robustness{{Cite web |title=Army to build on results from first Project Convergence exercise |url=https://www.army.mil/article/239363/army_to_build_on_results_from_first_project_convergence_exercise |access-date=2021-12-15 |website=www.army.mil |language=en}} (as of 2020, 36 miles on the ground, and demonstrated 1500-mile capability above the ground, with kill chains measured in seconds) in the effort to penetrate anti-access/area denial (A2AD) with long-range fires. Longer-range fires are under development, ranging from hundreds of miles to over 1000 miles, with yearly iterations of Project Convergence being planned.Sydney J. Freedberg Jr. [https://breakingdefense.com/2020/09/longer-range-missiles-more-ai-project-convergence-2021/ (25 Sep 2020) Longer-Range Missiles & More AI: Project Convergence 2021] PrSM, AFATDS to F-35
• {{anchor|JointAllDomainC2}} MDO (multi-domain operations) and JADC2 (joint all-domain command and control) thus entails: {{efn|name=leoLRPFKillChain}}
• # Penetrate phase: satellites detect enemy shooters
• # Dis-integrate phase: airborne assets remove enemy long range fires
• # Kinetic effect phase: Army shooters, using targeting data from aircraft and other sensors, fire on enemy targets.Patrick Tucker [https://www.defenseone.com/technology/2020/09/inside-armys-fearless-messy-networked-warfare-experiment/168770/ (24 Sep 2020) Inside the Army's Fearless, Messy, Networked Warfare Experiment] Murray: Army software factory will start contributing.
• {{anchor|cjadc2Oct2020}} 40th Army Chief of Staff Gen. James C. McConville discussed the combination of MDO{{efn|name=mdoExplainer}} and JADC2 with 22nd Air Force Chief of Staff Gen. Charles Q. Brown. In October 2020 the Chiefs agreed that Futures Command, and the Air Force's A5 office will lead a two-year collaboration 'at the most "basic levels" by defining mutual standards for data sharing and service interfacing' in the development of Combined Joint All-Domain Command and Control (CJADC2).{{Cite web |title=Army, Air Force form partnership, lay foundation for CJADC2 interoperability |url=https://www.army.mil/article/239598/army_air_force_form_partnership_lay_foundation_for_cjadc2_interoperability |access-date=2021-12-15 |website=www.army.mil |language=en}}U.S. Department of Defense [https://www.defense.gov/News/Speeches/Speech/Article/3507156/deputy-secretary-of-defense-kathleen-hicks-keynote-address-the-urgency-to-innov/ (28 Aug 2023) Deputy Secretary of Defense Kathleen Hicks Keynote Address: 'The Urgency to Innovate' (As Delivered)] Replicator, introduced at the "NDIA Emerging Technologies for Defense Conference"— Replicator is meant to overcome PRC's mass with AI en masse
• Brandi Vincent [https://defensescoop.com/2023/08/28/hicks-unveils-dods-new-replicator-initiative-to-counter-china-via-autonomous-tech/ (28 Aug 2023) Hicks unveils DOD's new 'Replicator' initiative to counter China via autonomous tech]
• The ability of the joint services to send data from machine to machine was exercised in front of several of the Joint Chiefs of Staff in April 2021; this is a prerequisite capability for Convergence of MDO and JADC2.Sydney J. Freedberg Jr. [https://breakingdefense.com/2021/04/new-army-lab-tests-joint-tech-project-convergence/ (20 Apr 2021) New Army Lab Tests Joint Tech: Project Convergence] Joint Systems Integration Laboratory, Aberdeen Proving GroundJoseph Lacdan [https://www.army.mil/article/245164 (17 Apr 2021) Service leaders prioritize integration in joint effort to achieve overmatch] JSIL, Aberdeen: Preparation of data fabric for Project Convergence, ABMS JADC2, and Project Overmatch: Army - Air Force - NavyColin Demarest [https://www.defensenews.com/industry/2022/09/23/siemens-29-others-added-to-air-forces-950-million-jadc2-contract/ (23 Sep 2022) Siemens, 29 others added to Air Force's $950 million JADC2 contract]
• In July 2022 the 7th ASA(ALT) Doug Bush called for the formation of a large office on the scale of the Joint Counter-small UAS office, but for JADC2.Jaspreet Gill [https://breakingdefense.com/2022/07/army-acquisition-exec-pushes-for-joint-jadc2-office-large-scale-exercise/ (11 Jul 2022) Army acquisition exec pushes for joint JADC2 office, large-scale exercise] This would coordinate,Colin Demarest [https://www.defensenews.com/battlefield-tech/it-networks/2022/07/11/pentagons-secret-jadc2-plan-evolving-official-says-as-lawmakers-seek-audit/ (11 Jul 2022) Pentagon's secret JADC2 plan 'evolving', official says, as lawmakers seek audit] "The oversight will inform future support and is not meant to be punitive". and eventually reconcile requirements for JADC2 for Army's Project Convergence, the Navy's Project Overmatch and the Air Force's Advanced Battle Management System.Valerie Insinna [https://breakingdefense.com/2022/07/air-forces-sixth-gen-fighter-downselect-not-all-that-far-away-says-kendall/ (17 Jul 2022) Air Force's sixth-gen fighter downselect 'not all that far away,' says Kendall] Air Force's Next Generation Air Dominance (NGAD) will have a private company as prime contractor, but the US government will probably be the prime contractor for integrating efforts involving collaborative combat aircraft (drones), NGAD, and AIM-260 Joint Advanced Tactical Missile. —USAF Secretary Frank KendallTravis Sharp, CSBA [https://breakingdefense.com/2022/10/jadc2-spending-is-sprawling-dod-should-keep-watch-but-let-it-go/ (20 Oct 2022) JADC2 spending is sprawling. DoD should keep watch, but Let It Go.] Planning, Programming, Budgeting & Execution Process (PPBE) ~ $2.2 billion to $2.6 billion in FY2023 for 30 initiatives in JADC2.Colin Demarest [https://www.defensenews.com/battlefield-tech/it-networks/2022/10/21/project-convergence-shows-jadc2-alignment-leaders-from-3-services-say/ (21 Oct 2022) Project Convergence shows JADC2 alignment, leaders from 3 services say] Interoperations "show the services are aligned and not disjointed". See CDAO
• {{anchor|DigitalTwinning}} In July 2022 Army Test and Evaluation Command called for more digital twinning and modeling and simulation,Jen Judson [https://www.defensenews.com/land/2022/07/12/army-test-and-evaluation-command-pushes-to-reduce-full-up-live-fire-tests/ (15 Jul 2022) Army Test and Evaluation Command pushes to reduce live-fire tests] as end-to-end tests become more comprehensive, expensive, and larger-scale; as the scale of an exercise increases, a Synthetic Training Environment (STE) can be used to cut costs.Jacqueline M. Hames and Margaret C. Roth [https://www.army.mil/article/216068/virtual_battlefield_represents_future_of_training (14 January 2019) Virtual battlefield represents future of training] Training as a service; more content at scale needed.

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PRRfan (talk) 18:04, 2 October 2023 (UTC)

This is more text moved from United States Army Futures Command. Perhaps it will also be of use in expanding this Multi-Domain Operations article. PRRfan (talk) 18:05, 2 October 2023 (UTC)

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The AFC's Long Range Precision Fires (LRPF) CFT aims to "deliver cutting-edge surface-to-surface (SSM) fires systems that will significantly increase range and effects over currently fielded US and adversary systems."Army Futures Command {{Cite web |title=Long Range Precision Fires CFT |url=https://armyfuturescommand.com/lrpf/ |access-date=2022-02-09 |website=Army Futures Command |publisher=U.S. Army}}

In 2018, its five major programs were:

• The Extended Range Cannon Artillery (ERCA) program which develops a system capable of firing accurately at targets beyond 70 km as opposed to the M109A7's 30 km current range{{efn|In late FY2023 18 ERCA prototypes will undergo a one-year operational assessment at Fort Bliss.Maureena Thompson, Army Futures Command [https://www.army.mil/article/257137/army_programs_promote_strength_agility_of_long_range_precision_fires (1 June 2022) Army programs promote strength, agility of Long Range Precision Fires]|name=lrpfGoals2023}}
• The Precision Strike Mission (PrSM) which is a precision-strike guided SSM fired from the M270A1 MLRS and M142 HIMARS doubling the present rate-of-fire with two missiles per launch pod{{efn|name=ccdcAvMcGoals}}
• The Strategic Long-Range Cannon (SLRC) program, which would have developed a system that could have fired a hypersonic projectile up to 1,000 miles against air defense, artillery, missile systems, and command and control targetsJen Judson [https://www.defensenews.com/digital-show-dailies/ausa/2019/10/16/strategic-long-range-cannon-preps-to-jump-its-first-tech-hurdle/ (14 Oct 2019) Strategic, long-range cannon preps to jump its first tech hurdle] 2019 AUSA— targets 2023 prototype was terminated 23 May 2022.Jen Judson [https://www.armytimes.com/land/2022/05/23/us-army-terminates-strategic-long-range-cannon-science-and-technology-effort/ (23 May 2022) US Army terminates Strategic Long-Range Cannon science and technology effort]
• The Common-Hypersonic Glide Body (C-HGB) is a collaborative program between the Army, Navy, Air Force, and Missile Defense Agency (MDA) which is planned to become the base of the Long-Range Hypersonic Weapon (LRHW) programAndrew Feickert, Specialist in Military Ground Forces, Congressional Research Service. [https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/IF/IF11991 (updated 23 May 2022) The U.S. Army's Long-Range Hypersonic Weapon (LRHW)] Report IF11991, with references to related reportsFrank Wolfe [https://www.defensedaily.com/u-s-army-to-field-first-long-range-hypersonic-weapon-battery-this-fall-wormuth-says/army/ (27 Feb 2023) U.S. Army to Field First Long Range Hypersonic Weapon Battery This Fall, Wormuth Says]Emre Kelly, Florida Today [https://www.floridatoday.com/story/tech/science/space/2023/03/06/dod-scrubs-hypersonic-missile-test-at-cape-canaveral-space-force-station/69976353007/ (6 Mar 2023) Department of Defense scrubs hypersonic missile test at Cape Canaveral Space Force Station]
• A ground-launchable UGM-109 Tomahawk Land Attack Missile, as well as the SM-6 (RIM-174 Standard ERAM) to fill the gap in the Army's mid-range missile capabilitiesSydney J. Freedberg Jr. [https://breakingdefense.com/2020/11/army-picks-tomahawk-sm-6-for-mid-range-missiles/ (6 November 2020) Army Picks Tomahawk & SM-6 For Mid-Range Missiles] Tomahawk (missile) and SM-6 (RIM-174 Standard ERAM){{Cite web |last=Feickert |first=Andrew |date=March 16, 2021 |title=U.S. Army Long-Range Precision Fires: Background and Issues for Congress |url=https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/R/R46721 |access-date=February 8, 2022 |website=Congressional Research Service}} has been delivered to RCCTO.Emma Helfrich [https://www.thedrive.com/the-war-zone/first-land-based-tomahawk-and-sm-6-launcher-delivered-to-army (6 Dec 2022) First Land-Based Tomahawk And SM-6 Launcher Delivered To Army] RCCTO

File:DarkEagle2021.jpg training with All-up-round in its canister, 7 Oct 2021]]

The kill chains will take less than 1 minute, from detection of the target, to execution of the fires command;Theresa Hitchens {{citation |title=ABMS Demo Proves AI Chops For C2 |date=3 September 2020 |url=https://breakingdefense.com/2020/09/abms-demo-proves-ai-chops-for-c2/ |work=breakingdefense.com}} these operations will have the capability to precisely strike "command centers, air defenses, missile batteries, and logistics centers" nearly simultaneously.Dan Gouré [https://www.realcleardefense.com/articles/2020/12/02/armys_newest_long-range_fires_system_isnt_new_but_it_will_be_effective_651682.html (2 Dec 2020) Army's Newest Long-Range Fires System Isn't New, But It Will Be Effective]{{efn|"[HIMARS] is used to destroy critical communications nodes, command posts, airfields, and important logistics facilities".—Mick Ryerson (Major General, Australian Army, retired)Tim Lister and Oren Liebermann, CNN [https://www.cnn.com/2022/07/14/europe/ukraine-western-weapons-russia-front-lines-intl-cmd/index.html (14 Jul 2022) Ukraine's new US rockets are causing fresh problems for Russia]|name=himars}}Todd South [https://www.armytimes.com/news/your-army/2020/08/21/army-missile-defenders-defeat-cruise-and-ballistic-missiles-nearly-simultaneously/ (20 Aug 2020) Army missile defenders defeat cruise and ballistic missiles nearly simultaneously ] The test created terabytes of data to be queried.Sydney J. Freedberg Jr. [https://breakingdefense.com/2021/03/army-missiles-missile-defense-race-to-2023/ (22 Mar 2021) Army Missiles, Missile Defense Race Budget Crunch To 2023]

• The speed of battle damage assessment will depend on the travel time of the munition. This capability depends on the ability of a specialized CFT, Assured precision navigation and timing (APNT) to provide detail.Office of the Chief of Public Affairs [https://www.dvidshub.net/video/715345/2019-ausa-warriors-corner-tacticalspace-delivering-future-force-space-capabilities (10.16.2019) 2019 AUSA Warriors Corner - TacticalSpace: Delivering Future Force Space Capabilities]
• # Assured Positioning, Navigation and Timing
• # Tactical Space: SDA is structuring a multi-layer satellite system:
• ## Backbone layer for data transport downward to the long-range precision fires
• ## Custody layer for missiles' trajectories, whether friendly or threat
• ## Tracking layer for hypersonic glide vehicles which represent threats to the multi-layer satellite system
• ## Space situational awareness for cis-lunar trajectories,
• # NavWar

Sydney J. Freedberg Jr. [https://breakingdefense.com/2020/08/army-tests-new-all-domain-kill-chain-from-space-to-ai/ (5 August 2020) Army Tests New All Domain Kill Chain: From Space To AI ]

1. {{anchor|feedTITAN}}Initially, satellites feed data to TITAN.
2. Prometheus, which is AI software, combs through the data for potential threats and targets.
3. SHOT, which is also software, tracks each target on a custody list, correlating each target's current location, signature, and threat assessment, with a list of candidate fires countermeasures, ranked by capability, range to the target, kill radius, etc. "SHOT then computes the optimal match of weapons to targets", and passes the list to AFATDS.
4. Human commanders choose whether to fire, or not, from the list of fires assets (Nelson notes that ERCA and Grey Eagle drones are to be added to the list of fires assets—currently M777 howitzers and MLRS 270 rocket launchers in the upcoming tests, August 2020).
5. satellites perform Battle damage assessment, to update the list of threats and targets.Sydney J. Freedberg Jr. [https://breakingdefense.com/2020/08/can-army-intel-data-feed-the-kill-chain/ (14 August 2020) Can Army Intel Data Feed The Kill Chain? ] Quickly pooling data will take AI and cloud—"Project Convergence"

• # Long Range Precision Fires (LRPF): Howitzer artillery ranges have doubled, in excess of {{Convert|60|km|abbr=on}} , with accuracy within 1 meter of the aimpoint,Todd South [https://www.armytimes.com/news/your-army/2020/03/11/the-army-is-making-artillery-great-again/ (11 Mar 2020) The Army is 'making artillery great again'] Press conference. currently with sufficient accuracy to intercept cruise missiles, as of September 2020, reaching the 43 mile range as of December 2020.Ben Wolfgang [https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2020/dec/22/armys-long-range-cannon-hits-target-43-miles-away/ (22 Dec 2020) Army's long-range cannon hits target 43 miles away]
• # Precision Strike Missiles (PrSMs) can reach in excess of 150 miles,Sydney J. Freedberg Jr. [https://breakingdefense.com/2019/12/direct-hit-army-test-fires-lockheed-precision-strike-missile/ (10 December 2019) Direct Hit: Army Test-Fires Lockheed Precision Strike Missile EXCLUSIVE]
• Clark Schultz [https://seekingalpha.com/news/3525284-lockheed-martin-missile-test-goes-off-well (10 Dec. 2019) Lockheed Martin missile test goes off well] with current 2020 tests{{efn|Munitions such as PrSM will need to fire and then move, at targets on the move.Todd South [https://www.defensenews.com/news/2022/09/20/army-missile-teams-will-add-robots-and-multi-payload-rockets/ (20 Sep 2022) Army missile teams will add robots and multi-payload rockets] —Hunter Blackwell, CCDC Aviation and Missile Center (AvMC)US Army AvMC [https://www.defensenews.com/video/2021/06/16/autonomous-missile-launcher-destroys-enemy-threats/ (16 Jun 2021) Video: Autonomous missile launcher destroys enemy threats] AvMC concept video —autonomous multi-domain launcher (AML): Jen Judson [https://www.defensenews.com/land/2021/06/16/us-army-fires-autonomous-launcher-in-pacific-focused-demo/ (16 Jun 2021) US Army fires autonomous launcher in Pacific-focused demo] AML demo at Fort Sill utilized a HIMARS launcher and the AML|name=ccdcAvMcGoals}}
• # Mid-range capability (MRC) fires can reach in excess of 500 to 1000 miles, using mature Navy missilesJoe Lacdan, Army News Service [https://www.army.mil/article/269227/army_successfully_fires_tomahawk_missiles_from_mrc_system (22 Aug 2023) Army successfully fires Tomahawk missiles from MRC system] 1st MDTF, Navy PEO Unmanned Aviation and Strike Weapons OfficeSydney J. Freedberg Jr. [https://breakingdefense.com/2021/03/joint-world-warms-up-to-army-long-range-missiles/ (12 Mar 2021) Joint World Warms Up To Army Long-Range Missiles] Capabilities of MDTFAndrew Feickert, Specialist in Military Ground Forces, Congressional Research Service (CRS) [https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/IF/IF11797 (31 May 2022) The Army's Multi-Domain Task Force (MDTF)] report IF11797
• # Long-Range Hypersonic Weapons (LRHWs) are to have a range greater than 1725 miles.Sydney J. Freedberg Jr. [https://breakingdefense.com/2021/05/army-discloses-hypersonic-lrhw-range-of-1725-miles-watch-out-china/ (12 May 2021) Army Discloses Hypersonic LRHW Range Of 1,725 Miles; Watch Out China]

The current M109A6 "Paladin" howitzer range is doubled in the M109A7 variant.Defense Updates [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UCXvmGPfcBw U.S ARMY's EXTENDED RANGE CANNON ARTILLERY CREATES WORLD RECORD | HITS TARGET AT 43 MILES or 70 KM !]{{rp|minute 3:07}}David Vergun, Army News Service [https://www.army.mil/article/211097/cross_functional_teams_already_producing_results_says_futures_command_general (13 September 2018) Cross-functional teams already producing results, says Futures Command general], House Armed Services Sub-committee hearing, 13 September 2018 An operational test of components of the Long range cannon was scheduled for 2020.Nancy Jones-Bonbrest, Army Rapid Capabilities Office [https://www.army.mil/article/211410/army_doubles_cannon_range_in_prototype_demo (20 September 2018) Army doubles cannon range in prototype demo ] The LRC is complementary to Extended range cannon artillery (ERCA),[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j6WASryAp0A Defense updates (14 Dec 2018) EXTENDED RANGE CANNON ARTILLERY OF U S ARMY- FULL ANALYSIS] 5:00 clip. XM1113 shell and XM657 propellant on XM907 the M1299 Extended Range Cannon Artillery howitzer.{{citation |last=Freedberg Jr. |first=Sydney J. |title=New Army Cannon Doubles Range; Ramjet Ammo May Be Next |date=6 March 2020 |url=https://breakingdefense.com/2020/03/new-army-cannon-doubles-range/ |work=Breaking Defense}} Baseline ERCA is to enter service in 2023.Sydney J. Freedberg, Jr. [https://breakingdefense.com/2020/10/lrpf-army-missiles-cannon-face-big-tests-in-21/ (21 Oct 2020) LRPF: Army Missiles, Cannon Face Big Tests In '21]US Army [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GZ2XF_gRgRU (27 May 2020) Excalibur Round Precision Hit From 65 kilometers at U.S. Army Yuma Proving Ground] Investigations for ERCA in 2025: rocket-boosted artillery shells:Maj. Gen. Cedric T. Wins, CG RDECOM [https://www.army.mil/article/211569/rdecoms_road_map_to_modernizing_the_army_long_range_precision_fire (25 September 2018) RDECOM's road map to modernizing the Army: Long-range precision fires] First in a series Tests of the Multiple launch rocket system (MLRS) XM30 rocket shell have demonstrated a near-doubling of the range of the munition, using the Tail controlled guided multiple launch rocket system, or TC-G.Devon L. Suits, Army News Service [https://www.army.mil/article/221568/army_demonstrates_extended_ranges_for_precision_munitions (8 May 2019) Army demonstrates extended ranges for precision munitions] The TRADOC capability manager (TCM) Field Artillery Brigade - DIVARTY has been named a command position.{{efn|"That's pretty important because that gives him (Dunwoody) the authority to do what needs to be done across the Army with the myriad responsibilities that he has," Shoffner said." Dunwoody becomes a direct report to the TRADOC commander —[https://www.army.mil/article/226114/colonel_named_division_artillery_director Tribune staff (22 August 2019) Colonel named division artillery director]|name="TcmDivarty"}}

• An autoloader for ERCA's 95-pound shells is under development at Picatinny Arsenal, to support a sustained firing rate of 10 rounds a minute Sydney J. Freedberg Jr. [https://breakingdefense.com/2021/04/erca-army-contracts-to-help-new-cannon-fire-faster/ (16 Apr 2021) ERCA: Army Contracts To Help New Cannon 'Fire Faster'] A robotic vehicle for carrying the shells is a separate effort at Futures Command's Army Applications Lab.Sydney J. Freedberg Jr. [https://breakingdefense.com/2020/01/artillery-seeks-robot-ammo-haulers/ (27 January 2020) Artillery Seeks Robot Ammo Haulers ] Field Artillery Autonomous Resupply
• {{anchor|PrSM}} The Precision Strike Missile (PrSM) is intended to replace the Army Tactical Missile System (MGM-140 ATACMS) in 2023. PrSM flight testing is delayed beyond 2 August 2019, the anticipated date for the expiration of the Intermediate-range Nuclear Forces Treaty, which set 499 kilometer limits on intermediate-range missiles.Paul McLeary [https://breakingdefense.com/2019/07/army-readies-long-range-missile-tests-post-inf/ (19 July 2019) Army Readies Long-Range Missile Tests—Post INF] (David Sanger and Edward Wong projected that the earliest test of a longer range missile could be a ground-launched version of a Tomahawk cruise missile,David Sanger and Edward Wong The New York Times (2 August 2019) US ends cold war missile treaty, to counter arms buildup by China. p.A7

• ROBERT BURNS AND LOLITA C. BALDOR Associated Press [https://www.stripes.com/news/us/pentagon-conducts-first-test-of-previously-banned-missile-1.594910 (19 August 2019) Pentagon conducts first test of previously banned missile] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190820093258/https://www.stripes.com/news/us/pentagon-conducts-first-test-of-previously-banned-missile-1.594910|date=20 August 2019}} followed by a test of a mobile ground launched IRBM with a range of 1800–2500 miles before year-end 2019.Paul McCleary [https://breakingdefense.com/2019/12/pentagon-busts-though-the-inf-wall-puts-putin-and-xi-on-notice/ (12 Dec 2019) US Busts INF Wall With Ballistic Missile, Puts Putin & Xi On Notice]) The 2020 National Defense Authorization Act (NDAA)[https://www.congress.gov/116/crpt/srpt48/CRPT-116srpt48.pdf NATIONAL DEFENSE AUTHORIZATION ACT FOR FISCAL YEAR 2020] Senate report 116-48

• [https://www.congress.gov/bill/116th-congress/house-bill/2500/text#toc-H7C60028BEB154EB1B68C4C838937398A H.R.2500 - National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2020]
• [https://federalnewsnetwork.com/budget/2019/12/trump-signs-shutdown-averting-spending-bills-makes-federal-pay-raise-law/ Nicole Ogrysko (20 December 2019 10:35 pm ) Trump signs shutdown-averting spending bills, makes federal pay raise law] The signing occurred in time on that day, which avoided the 11:59pm shutdown trigger
• [https://www.cnbc.com/2019/12/21/trump-signs-738-billion-defense-bill.html AMANDA_M_MACIAS (DEC 20, 2019) Trump signs $738 billion defense bill. Here's what the Pentagon is poised to get] was approved on 9 December 2019, which allowed the Pentagon to continue testing such missiles in FY2020.Brendan Deveraux [https://warontherocks.com/2022/01/why-intermediate-range-missiles-are-a-focal-point-in-the-ukraine-crisis/ (28 Jan 2022) WHY INTERMEDIATE-RANGE MISSILES ARE A FOCAL POINT IN THE UKRAINE CRISIS] The Lockheed PrSM prototype had its first launch on 10 December 2019 at White Sands Missile Range, in a 150-mile test, and an overhead detonation; the Raytheon PrSM prototype was delayed from its planned November launch, and Raytheon has now withdrawn from the PrSM risk reduction phase.Jen Judson [https://www.defensenews.com/smr/army-modernization/2020/03/25/raytheon-exits-precision-strike-missile-competition/ (25 Mar 2020) Raytheon exits precision strike missile competition ] The PrSM's range and accuracy, the interfaces to HIMARS launcher, and test software, met expectations.Sydney J. Freedberg Jr. [https://breakingdefense.com/2020/03/lockheed-long-range-missile-passes-short-range-stress-test/ (19 Mar 2020) PRSM: Lockheed Long-Range Missile Passes Short-Range Stress Test] 3 layers of LRPF are scheduled to enter service in limited numbers in 2023; also explains its relationship to Future vertical lift (FVL) and Mobile & expeditionary network PrSM passed Milestone B on 1 October 2021.Andrew Eversden [https://breakingdefense.com/2021/10/lockheed-martins-precision-strike-missile-enters-next-phase-with-army/ (1 October 2021) Lockheed Martin's Precision Strike Missile Enters Next Phase with Army] Baseline PrSM is to enter service in 2023;Sydney J. Freedberg Jr. [https://breakingdefense.com/2020/04/army-lockheed-prsm-missile-aces-third-flight-test/ (30 Apr 2020) Army: Lockheed PrSM Missile Aces Third Flight Test]
• 2023 goal is to deliver 30 PrSMs with 500 km range
• 2025 goal is to use multi-mode seekers against moving targets
• Use open architecture to allow multiple vendors to offer upgrades
• Provide extended range (beyond 650-700 km) within the existing HIMARS MLRS form factor an upgraded version of PrSM, with multi-mode seekers will then be sought.Andrew Eversden [https://breakingdefense.com/2022/05/the-army-could-get-its-next-gen-precision-strike-missiles-in-fy27/ (3 May 2027) The Army could get its next-gen Precision Strike Missiles in FY27] The Army needs PrSM Increment 2 for INDOPACOM.Ashley Rocque [https://breakingdefense.com/2023/04/heres-3-future-missiles-indopacom-says-it-needs-quicker/ (20 Apr 2023) Here are 3 future missiles INDOPACOM says it needs to challenge China]{{efn|name=ccdcAvMcGoals}}
• {{anchor|MRC}} For targets beyond the PrSM's range, the Army's RCCTO will seek a mid-range missile prototype by 2023, with a reach from 1000 to 2000 miles.Sydney J. Freedberg Jr. [https://breakingdefense.com/2020/09/army-seeks-new-mid-range-missile-prototype-by-2023 (08 September 2020) Army Seeks New Mid-Range Missile Prototype By 2023] 1000 mile missile needed.Sydney J. Freedberg Jr. [https://breakingdefense.com/2020/10/army-asks-hill-for-new-mid-range-missile-asap-thurgood/ (14 October 2020) Army Asks Hill For New Mid-Range Missile $$$ ASAP: Thurgood] Fund the Mid-Range Capability (MRC) with 2020 Above Threshold Reprogramming (ATR).Sydney J. Freedberg Jr. [https://breakingdefense.com/2020/10/china-russia-threats-to-drive-what-army-keeps-cuts-gen-murray/ (13 October 2020) China, Russia Threats To Drive What Army Keeps & Cuts: Gen. Murray] TRAC needs to produce its reports in 3 months or faster. Loren Thompson points out that a spectrum of medium-range to long-range weapons will be available to the service by 2023;Loren Thompson [https://www.forbes.com/sites/lorenthompson/2021/04/12/air-power-advocates-are-attacking-army-long-range-strike-plans-heres-why-theyre-wrong/?sh=16f850243a11 (12 Apr 2021) Air Power Advocates Are Attacking Army Long-Range Strike Plans. Here's Why They're Wrong.] RCCTO's prototype Mid-Range Capability (MRC) battery will field mature Navy missiles, likely for the Indo-Pacific theater in FY2023. DARPA is developing OpFires, an intermediate-range hypersonic weapon which is shorter-range than the Army's LRHW. DARPA is seeking a role in the armory for OpFires' throttle-able rocket motor, post-2023.Sydney J. Freedberg Jr. [https://breakingdefense.com/2020/10/darpas-hypersonic-opfires-aims-for-army-1000-mile-missile/ (23 October 2020) DARPA's Hypersonic OpFires Aims For Army 1,000-Mile Missile]Sydney J. Freedberg Jr. [https://breakingdefense.com/2018/11/beyond-inf-countering-russia-countering-china-analysis/ (13 November 2018) Beyond INF: Countering Russia, Countering China (Analysis)] DARPA announced in July 2022 it successfully tested its OpFires hypersonic weapon at White Sands Missile Range (WSMR) for the first time.Mike Stone [https://news.yahoo.com/u-successfully-tested-lockheed-hypersonic-165335256.html (13 Jul 2022) U.S. successfully tests pair of Lockheed hypersonic missiles] The OpFires launch was from a Marine Corps logistics truck.John Vandiver [https://www.stripes.com/branches/marine_corps/2022-07-18/hypersonic-test-marine-corps-6688403.html (18 Jul 2022) DARPA scores success with hypersonic missile launch from Marine Corps truck] OpFires will "rapidly and precisely engage critical, time-sensitive targets while penetrating modern enemy air defenses", potentially to be launched from a High Mobility Artillery Rocket System (HIMARS) launcher. These weapons will likely require planning for new Army (or Joint) formations.
• {{anchor|lrhw}} The Long range hypersonic weapons (LRHWs) will use precision targeting data against anti-access area denial (A2AD) radars and other critical infrastructure of near-peer competitors by 2023.Ryan Pickrell [https://www.businessinsider.com/us-army-to-field-hypersonic-missiles-lasers-under-4-years-2019-6 (5 June 2019) The US Army says it will have hypersonic missiles and laser weapons ready for combat in less than 4 years]Sydney J. Freedberg Jr. [https://breakingdefense.com/2019/08/hypersonics-army-awards-699m-to-build-first-missiles-for-a-combat-unit/ (30 August 2019) Hypersonics: Army Awards $699M To Build First Missiles For A Combat Unit] prototypes—Dynetics: Common hypersonic glide body (C-HGB); Lockheed: Long range hypersonic weapon (LRHW)

• Nancy Jones-Bonbrest, U.S. Army RCCTO [https://www.army.mil/article/226368/army_awards_hypersonic_weapon_system_contracts (30 August 2019) Army awards hypersonic weapon system contracts] LRHW does depend on stable funding.Bill Greenwalt [https://breakingdefense.com/2021/12/new-defense-budget-commission-could-be-last-hope-for-fixing-dod-spending/ (13 Dec 2021) New defense budget commission could be last hope for fixing DoD spending].Sydney J. Freedberg Jr. [https://breakingdefense.com/2019/09/congress-budget-gridlock-threatens-army-hypersonics/ (20 September 2019) Congress' Budget Gridlock Threatens Army Hypersonics] G8 is posing a heuristic to get beyond delay in NDAA (national defense authorization act) for 2020 (get Army funding by calendar year-end)

• Jacob Pramuk [https://www.cnbc.com/2019/09/27/trump-signs-spending-bill-to-avoid-government-shutdown.html (27 Sep 2019) Trump signs spending bill to avoid another government shutdown] CR funds the government until 21 Nov 2019Sydney J. Freedberg Jr. [https://breakingdefense.com/2020/02/army-ramps-up-funding-for-laser-shield-hypersonic-sword/ (28 Feb 2020) Army Ramps Up Funding For Laser Shield, Hypersonic Sword ] In FY2021 HELs funding is up 209 percent; LRHW funding is up 86 percent. RCCTO spending is $1 billion in 2021.Corey Dickstein [https://www.stripes.com/news/us/army-to-fire-two-hypersonic-test-shots-this-year-mccarthy-says-1.621146 (3 March 2020) Army to fire two hypersonic test shots this year, McCarthy says]
• Advanced Field Artillery Tactical Data System (AFATDS) 7.0 is the vehicle for a Multi-domain task force's artillery battery very similar to a THAAD battery: beginning in 2020, these batteries will train for a hypersonic glide vehicle which is common to the Joint forces.Sean Kimmons, Army News Service {{Cite web |title=Joint hypersonic weapon tests to start next year |url=https://www.army.mil/article/222617/joint_hypersonic_weapon_tests_to_start_next_year |access-date=2021-12-15 |website=www.army.mil |language=en}} The Long range hypersonic weapon (LRHW) glide vehicle is to be launched from transporter erector launchers.Nancy Jones-Bonbrest, Army Rapid Capabilities and Critical Technologies Office (RCCTO) [https://www.army.mil/article/232510/virtual_reality_helps_soldiers_shape_army_hypersonic_weapon_prototype (12 February 2020) Virtual Reality helps Soldiers shape Army hypersonic weapon prototype] LRHW Tests of the Common hypersonic glide body (C-HGB) to be used by the Army and Navy were meeting expectations in 2020.Sydney J. Freedberg Jr. [https://breakingdefense.com/2020/03/hypersonics-army-navy-test-common-glide-body/ (20 Mar 2020) Hypersonics: Army, Navy Test Common Glide Body ] "The U.S. Navy and U.S. Army jointly executed the launch of a common hypersonic glide body (C-HGB), which flew at hypersonic speed to a designated impact point"

• [https://www.army.mil/article/233873/department_of_defense_tests_hypersonic_glide_body DoD (20 March 2020) Department of Defense tests hypersonic glide body] "The C-HGB – when fully fielded – will comprise the weapon's conventional warhead, guidance system, cabling, and thermal protection shield." Also: comments from LTG L. Neill Thurgood RCCTO
• {{anchor|mdoKillChain20Sec}}In August 2020 the director of Assured precision navigation and timing (APNT) CFT announced tests which integrate the entire fires kill chain, from initial detection to final destruction. William B. Nelson announced the flow of satellite data from the European theater (Germany), and AI processing of AFATDS targeting data to the fires units.Nathan Strout [https://www.defensenews.com/intel-geoint/2022/04/29/army-futures-command-learning-from-russias-invasion-of-ukraine/ (29 Apr 2022) Army Futures Command learning from Russia's invasion of Ukraine] Satellite "sensors also need to be better integrated with Army systems, to the point that satellite data can be downlinked directly to the battlefield".—Willie Nelson, Deputy Asst Sec Army
• In September 2020 an AI kill chain was formulated in seconds; a hypervelocity (speeds up to Mach 5) munition,Sydney J. Freedberg Jr. [https://breakingdefense.com/2018/01/86000-5600-mph-hyper-velocity-missile-defense/ (26 January 2018) $86,000 + 5,600 MPH = Hyper Velocity Missile Defense] launched from a descendant of the Paladin, intercepted a cruise missile surrogate.Sydney J. Freedberg Jr. [https://breakingdefense.com/2020/09/target-gone-in-20-seconds-army-sensor-shooter-test/ (10 September 2020) Target Gone In 20 Seconds: Army Sensor-Shooter Test]
• {{anchor|longRangeHypersonics}}Three flight tests of LRHW were scheduled in 2021;Matthew Cox [https://www.military.com/daily-news/2020/08/05/army-speed-testing-of-planned-hypersonic-missile.html (5 Aug 2020) Army to Speed Up Testing of Planned Hypersonic Missile] that plan was changed to one test in late 2021, followed by a multi-missile test in 2022.Nancy Jones-Bonbrest, Army Rapid Capabilities and Critical Technologies Office [https://www.army.mil/article/243386/speeding_ahead_hypersonics_team_stays_on_track_to_deliver_despite_pandemic (16 February 2021) Speeding ahead: Hypersonics team stays on track to deliver despite pandemic]

The LRHW has been named 'Dark Eagle'Theresa Hitchens {{citation |title='Confident' Of 2023 Fielding Goal, Army Dubs Hypersonic Weapon 'Dark Eagle' |date=11 August 2021 |url=https://breakingdefense.com/2021/08/confident-of-2023-fielding-goal-army-dubs-hypersonic-weapon-dark-eagle/ |work=breakingdefense.com}} The first LRHW battery will start to receive its first operational rounds in early FY2023; all eight rounds for this battery will have been delivered by FY2023.Andrew Eversden [https://breakingdefense.com/2021/10/first-live-hypersonic-missile-rounds-to-be-delivered-to-army-unit-next-year/ (15 Oct 2021) First Live Hypersonic Missile Rounds To Be Delivered to Army Unit Next Year] By then, the PEO Missiles and Space will have picked up the LRHW program, for batteries two and three in FY'25 and FY'27, respectively. Battery one will first train, and then participate in the LRHW flight test launches in FY'22 and FY'23.{{efn|name= leoLRPFKillChain|1= Sydney J. Freedberg Jr. [https://breakingdefense.com/2019/11/secarmys-multi-domain-kill-chain-space-to-cloud-to-ai/ (November 22, 2019) SecArmy's Multi-Domain Kill Chain: Space-Cloud-AI ] Army Multi-Domain Operations Concept, December 2018 slide from [https://adminpubs.tradoc.army.mil/pamphlets/TP525-3-1.pdf TRADOC pamphlet 525-3-1 (Dec 2018)].

{{anchor|jadoDevFromMdo}}File:Multi Domain Operations,space.png, land, air, maritime, cyber, and populations.]]

• In September 2020 an ABMS Onramp demonstrated a specific scenario, which can be illustrated by the 5 red numbered bullet points from the slide in TRADOC pamphlet 525-3-1:

1. Competition— No overt hostilities are yet detected. Blue bar (force projection) is in standoff against red bar (threat).
2. Strategic Support area— National assets (blue) detect breaching of standoff by adversary (in red).
3. Close area support— blue assets hand-off to the combatant commands, who are to create effects visible to the adversary (in red).
4. Deep maneuver— blue combatant actions dis-integrate adversary efforts (per TRADOC pamphlet 525-3-1: "militarily compete, penetrate, dis-integrate, and exploit" the adversary); —Operational and Strategic deep fires create effects on the adversary. Adversary is further subject to defeat in detail, until adversaries perceive they are overmatched (no more red assets to expend).
5. Adversary retreats to standoff. The populations perceive that the adversary is defeated, for now. (Compare to Perkins' cycle, 'return to competition', in which deterrence has succeeded in avoiding a total war, in favor of pushing an adversary back to standoff (the red threat bar). Blue force projection still has overmatched red threat.)}}Patrick Tucker [https://www.defenseone.com/technology/2022/10/militarys-network-warfare-experiment-scaled-year/378790/ (21 Oct 2022) The Military's Network Warfare Experiment Scaled Up This Year] In February 2023 5th Battalion, 3rd Field Artillery Regiment (5-3 LRFB) —1st MDTF's long-range fires battalion— deployed the LRHW to Cape Canaveral, a distance of 3100 miles.1st Lt. Richard Parlato [https://www.army.mil/article/265349/1st_multi_domain_task_force_deploys_the_armys_first_long_range_hypersonic_weapon_system (30 March 2023) 1st Multi-Domain Task Force Deploys the Army’s First Long-Range Hypersonic Weapon System] {{anchor|mdoNGCV}}

In Fiscal Year 2019, the network CFT will leverage Network Integration Evaluation 18.2[https://www.facebook.com/peoc3t/photos/although-the-us-army-network-integration-evaluation-nie-doesnt-kick-off-until-no/10156792396368352/ PEO C3T] 30 May 2018 for experiments with brigade level scalability.Justin Eimers, PEO C3T [https://www.army.mil/article/211965/network_cross_functional_team_acquisition_partners_experimenting_to_modernize_tactical_network (3 October 2018) Network Cross-Functional Team, acquisition partners experimenting to modernize tactical network] In 2018 MG Bassett became (Program Executive Office Command Control Communications-Tactical) PEO C3T) By 2022, 4 separate network Capability Sets were in-process, simultaneously ('21, '23, '25, and '27).Colin Demarest [https://www.defensenews.com/battlefield-tech/it-networks/2022/04/28/us-army-wraps-review-of-future-battlespace-network-tools/ (28 Apr 2022) US Army wraps review of 'future battlespace' network tools]

{{anchor|ITNcapabilities}}Integrated Tactical Network (ITN) "is not a new or separate network but rather a concept"—PEO C3T.PEO C3T [https://peoc3t.army.mil/tr/itn.php (2018) Integrated Tactical Network] "is not a new or separate network but rather a concept"PEO C3T [https://peoc3t.army.mil/c3t/docs/Networking-the-Soldier-Flipbook.pdf Peo3ct.Army.mil (2021) Networking the Soldier] ARMY NETWORK CAPABILITY SET MODERNIZATION. 18 ppWalker, Gleason, and Ayer Peo3ct [https://www.army.mil/article/248248/global_network_super_highway_postures_army_for_multi_domain_operations (7 Jul 2021) Global network super highway postures Army for multi-domain operations] Global Agile Integrated Transport (GAIT) is a network design: RHN regional hub network, DoD Teleport Sites, 150 Gait points of presence (POPs) Avoid overspecifying the requirements for Integrated Tactical NetworkASA(ALT) [https://www.army.mil/e2/c/downloads/533115.pdf Weapon Systems Handbook 2018] [https://www.army.mil/e2/c/downloads/558424.pdf update]{{efn|name= asaWsh2018ToC| ASA(ALT) [https://www.army.mil/e2/c/downloads/533115.pdf (2018)] Weapon Systems Handbook [https://www.army.mil/e2/c/downloads/558424.pdf update] Page 32 lists how the Weapon Systems Handbook is organized. 440 pages.

• By Modernization priority
• By Acquisition or Business System category (ACAT or BSC). The Weapon systems in each ACAT are sorted alphabetically by Weapon system name. Each weapon system might also be in several variants (Lettered); a weapon system's variants might be severally and simultaneously in the following phases of its Life Cycle, namely—°Materiel Solution Analysis; °Technology Maturation & Risk Reduction; °Engineering & Manufacturing Development; °Production & Deployment; °Operations & Support
• ACAT I, II, III, IV are defined on page 404.Sydney J. Freedberg Jr. [https://breakingdefense.com/2018/09/futures-command-wont-hurt-oversight-army-tells-congress/ (13 Sep 2018) Futures Command Won't Hurt Oversight, Army Tells Congress ]Sydney J. Freedberg Jr. [https://breakingdefense.com/2019/03/army-big-six-ramp-up-in-2021-learning-from-fcs/ (14 March 2019) Army 'Big Six' Ramp Up in 2021: Learning From FCS],Gary Sheftick, Army News Service [https://www.army.mil/article/219667/army_shark_tank_enabling_quick_prototyping_of_new_systems (3 April 2019) Army 'Shark Tank' enabling quick prototyping of new systems]Sean Kimmons, Army News Service [https://www.army.mil/article/224660/futures_command_showcases_efforts_ahead_of_upcoming_foc (18 July 2019) Futures Command showcases efforts ahead of upcoming FOC]Kerensa Crum [https://www.theredstonerocket.com/military_scene/article_dadc42e4-bea4-11e9-94c0-773e72931076.html CCDC Aviation & Missile Center Public Affairs (14 August 2019) Leader updates Army's modernization priorities ] Standoff}}Sydney J. Freedberg Jr. [https://breakingdefense.com/2019/11/new-army-network-a-revolution-for-airborne-commander/ (18 November 2019) New Army Network 'A Revolution' For Airborne: Commander] ITN full brigade Network equipment: PEO slide showing connectivity from BCT command post, down to Fire Team leaders cell phones; use each soldiers' IVAS goggles to locate each paratrooperKathryn Bailey, PEO C3T Public Affairs [https://www.army.mil/article/230047/the_armys_tactical_network_empowers_advanced_goggle_platform (19 November 2019) The Army's tactical network empowers advanced goggle platform] IVAS is under STP 2-- "In July 2020, STP 3 will fully integrate the ITN with IVAS"Niamh Cavanagh [https://news.yahoo.com/microsoft-us-army-combat-hololens-goggles-military-152855161.html (3 Sep 2022) U.S. Army approves order for thousands of Microsoft combat goggles] Total value is expected to be $21.9 billion over the next 10 years.Jared Serbu [https://federalnewsradio.com/army/2018/08/army-experimenting-with-equipment-proven-by-sof-forces-while-it-builds-long-term-plan-for-its-tactical-network/ (24 August 2018) Army experimenting with SOF-tested equipment while building long-term tactical network plan]U.S. Army PEO C3T [https://www.army.mil/article/221114/profile_program_executive_office_for_command_control_and_communications_tactical_peo_c3t (30 April 2019) Profile: Program Executive Office for Command, Control and Communications-Tactical (PEO C3T)]Mark Pomerleau [https://www.c4isrnet.com/digital-show-dailies/ausa/2019/04/01/how-the-army-will-sustain-its-tactical-network-of-the-future/ (1 April 2019) How the Army will sustain its tactical network of the future] ITN to take advantage of Tobyhanna depot. 5-3-1 model Information Systems Initial Capabilities Document. Instead, meet operational needs,Mark Pomerleau [https://www.c4isrnet.com/it-networks/2020/01/22/what-a-deployment-to-the-middle-east-means-for-testing-a-new-army-network/ (21 Jan 2020) What a deployment to the Middle East means for testing a new Army network] An operational deployment begun 1 Jan 2020, which won't be instrumented, will provide some Soldier feedback, but instrumented testing is deferred until after redeployment.

• Mark Pomerleau [https://www.c4isrnet.com/battlefield-tech/2019/09/26/how-the-army-will-test-its-new-battlefield-network/ (25 September 2019) How the Army will test its new battlefield network]C5ISR {{Cite web |title=Army leaders get firsthand look at C5ISR Center research, development projects |url=https://www.army.mil/article/229590/army_leaders_get_firsthand_look_at_c5isr_center_research_development_projects |access-date=2021-12-15 |website=www.army.mil |language=en}} such as interoperability with other networks,Joe Lacdan, Army News Service [https://www.army.mil/article/212893/interoperability_a_key_focus_in_building_the_armys_future_network (25 October 2018) Interoperability a key focus in building the Army's future network][https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AIhC4zswW8I DoD (16 May 2018) Army Officials Testify on FY 2019 Budget Request]{{rp|minute 26:40}} and release ITN capabilities incrementally.Sydney J. Freedberg Jr. [https://breakingdefense.com/2019/04/multi-domain-networks-the-army-the-allies-ai/ (3 April 2019) Multi-Domain Networks: The Army, The Allies & AI]: Incremental ITN Capability sets '21, '23, '25

• Up through 2028, every two years the Army will insert new capability sets for ITN (Capability sets '21, '23, '25, etc.).Claire Heininger and Amy Walker [https://www.army.mil/article/256080/the_backbone_of_everything_we_do_army_advances_new_communications_network_baseline (26 Apr 2022) 'The backbone of everything we do:' Army advances new communications network baseline]Devon L. Suits, Army News Service [https://www.army.mil/article/223507/new_tech_accessibility_to_improve_army_tactical_networks (21 June 2019) New tech, accessibility to improve Army tactical networks] and take feedback from Soldier-led experiment & evaluation.Amy Walker, PEO C3T [https://www.army.mil/article/223334/modernizing_the_network (18 June 2019) Modernizing the Network]Maj. Gen. Cedric T. Wins, U.S. Army Combat Capabilities Development Command [https://www.army.mil/article/224792/ccdcs_road_map_to_modernizing_the_army_the_network (22 July 2019) CCDC's road map to modernizing the Army: the network] 4th in a seriesSydney J. Freedberg Jr. [https://breakingdefense.com/2019/08/the-fraying-edge-limits-of-the-armys-global-network/ (29 August 2019) The Fraying Edge: Limits Of The Army's Global Network] However, the Army's commitment to a 'campaign of learning' showed more paths:Sydney J. Freedberg Jr. [https://breakingdefense.com/2019/08/uncle-sam-wants-you-to-compete-for-army-network-upgrade-cs-21/ (27 August 2019) Uncle Sam Wants YOU To Compete For Army Network Upgrade: CS 21] Multiple Expeditionary Signal Battalion – Enhanced (ESB-E) network hardware sets are being fielded simultaneously to individual companies in the 50th Expeditionary Signal Battalion of 35th Signal Brigade/82nd Airborne Division in 2020, to allow maximum testing.Amy Walker, PM Tactical Network, PEO C3T [https://www.army.mil/article/230603/global_network_design_unifies_army_modernization_efforts (4 December 2019) Global network design unifies Army modernization efforts] GAIT: worldwide network mesh—CS21
• Firestorm was made possible by a mesh network—improvising an MEO, and then a GEO satellite link between JBLM to YPG.Sydney J. Freedberg Jr. [https://breakingdefense.com/2020/09/improvised-mode-the-army-network-evolves-in-project-convergence/ (21 Sep 2020) 'Improvised Mode': The Army Network Evolves In Project Convergence] used a mesh network—50th Expeditionary Signal Battalion—Enhanced (ESB-E) was able to improvise a MEO satellite link in June 2020, to complete the link from JBLM to YPG There are plans to have a Project Convergence 2021.Sydney J. Freedberg Jr. [https://breakingdefense.com/2020/09/longer-range-missiles-more-ai-project-convergence-2021/ (25 Sep 2020) Longer-Range Missiles & More AI: Project Convergence 2021] PrSM, AFATDS to F-35Thomas Spoehr [https://breakingdefense.com/2020/11/project-convergence-its-success-could-draw-army-astray/ (13 November 2020) Project Convergence: Its Success Could Draw Army Astray] Risks-- Opfor, Allies & Joint participation, EW jamming, PrSM launches, JADC2, Joint Forces command is a cautionary example.Thomas Brading, Army News Service [https://www.army.mil/article/243255/army_scales_up_joint_capabilities_as_project_convergence_grows (12 February 2021) Army scales up joint capabilities as Project Convergence grows] The Army fielded a data fabric at Project Convergence 2020;Andrew Eversden [https://www.c4isrnet.com/2020/10/15/us-armys-tactical-network-team-tests-new-unified-data-fabric-in-yuma/ (15 Oct 2020) US Army's tactical network team tests new unified data fabric in Yuma] this will eventually be part of JADC2.Sydney J. Freedberg Jr. [https://breakingdefense.com/2020/11/project-rainmaker-army-weaves-data-fabric-to-link-joint-networks/ (17 Nov 2020) Project Rainmaker: Army Weaves 'Data Fabric' To Link Joint Networks] CCDC C5ISR built Project Rainmaker to weave together a data fabric which is foundational to JADC2[https://www.dote.osd.mil/Portals/97/pub/reports/FY2019/army/2019dcgs-a.pdf?ver=2020-01-30-115324-970 FY19 Army Programs (2018) Distributed Common Ground System – Army (DCGS-A)] capability drop 1, 2018Andrew Eversden [https://breakingdefense.com/2021/10/army-awards-palantir-823m-contract-for-enterprise-data-fabric/ (6 Oct 2021) Army Awards Palantir $823M Contract For Enterprise 'Data Fabric'] DCGS-A Distributed Common Ground Systems-Army capability drop 2Claire Heninger and US Army [https://www.army.mil/article/251574/bridging_the_gap_army_weaves_data_fabric_at_project_convergence_21 (29 Oct 2021) Bridging the gap: Army weaves data fabric at Project Convergence 21]
• Five Rapid Innovation Fund (RIF) awards were granted to five vendors via the Network CFT and PEO C3T's request for white papers. That request, for a roll-on/roll-off kit that integrates all functions of mission command on the Army Network, was posted at the National Spectrum Consortium and FedBizOpps, and yielded awards within eight months.Kathryn Bailey, PEO C3T Public Affairs [https://www.army.mil/article/212562/new_players_bring_novel_approaches_to_the_armys_network_modernization_goals (17 October 2018) New players bring novel approaches to the Army's network modernization goals]Sydney J. Freedberg Jr. [https://aal.army/ Army Applications Lab]: [https://breakingdefense.com/2018/10/army-futures-command-wants-you-to-innovate/ (23 October 2018) Army Futures Command Wants YOU (To Innovate)]
• —Adam Jay Harrison's list for types of Funding Authority Two more awards are forthcoming.
• The Rapid Capabilities Office (RCO)'s Emerging Technologies Office structured a competition to find superior AI/Machine Learning algorithms for electronic warfare, from a field of 150 contestants, over a three-month period.Nancy Jones-Bonbrest, Army Rapid Capabilities Office [https://www.army.mil/article/213530/cutting_through_the_noise_army_industry_work_together_to_speed_up_signal_detection (8 November 2018) Cutting through the noise: Army, industry work together to speed up signal detection]
• The Multi-Domain Operations Task Force (MDO TF) is standing up an experimental Electronic Warfare Platoon to prototype an estimated 1000 EW soldiers needed for the 31 BCTs of the active Army.Sydney J. FREEDBERG JR. [https://breakingdefense.com/2018/11/can-army-afford-electronic-warfare-force-it-wants/ (19 November 2018) Can Army Afford The Electronic Warfare Force It Wants?]Anthony Small {{citation |title=Futures Command Deputy Commanding General talks the U.S. Army's Future at South by Southwest |date=13 March 2019 |url=https://www.army.mil/article/218531/futures_command_highlights_changes_new_structure_at_sxsw |publisher=US Army}}
• {{anchor|networkCapabilitySet21}}Capability Set '21 fields ITN to selected infantry brigades to prepare for IVAS Integrated vision goggles. Expeditionary signal brigades get enhanced satellite communications.
• 1/82nd Airborne, 173rd Airborne, 3/25th ID, and 3/82nd Airborne infantry brigades will all have fielded the Integrated Tactical Network Capability Set '21 by year-end 2021.Sydney J. Freedberg Jr. [https://breakingdefense.com/2021/05/paratroopers-pioneer-new-army-network-tactics/ (20 May 2021) Paratroopers Pioneer New Army Network, Tactics] HMS Manpack and Leader radios, ITN CS '21, can use variable height antenna drones, MUOS constellation: for tactical satellite communications —[https://breakingdefense.com/2021/09/army-drops-nearly-350m-for-new-radios-after-two-years-of-testing/ Andrew Eversden (24 Sep 2021) Army Drops Nearly $350M For New Radios After Two Years of Testing] 2nd Cavalry Regiment is getting Capability Set '21 on Strykers,Sydney J. Freedberg, Jr. [https://breakingdefense.com/2021/05/army-network-upgrade-seeks-fast-data-for-jadc2/ (4 May 2021) Army Network Upgrade Seeks Fast Data For JADC2] which will test the CS'23 network design on Strykers early.Kathryn Bailey, PEO C3T Public Affairs (25 January 2022)[https://www.army.mil/article/253451/armys_integrated_network_rolls_on_with_stryker_vehicles Army's integrated network rolls on with Stryker vehicles]
• {{anchor|networkCapabilitySet23}}Integrated Tactical Network (ITN) Capability Set '23 is prototyping JADC2 communications and the data fabric, to LEO (Low earth orbit) and to MEO (Medium earth orbit) satellites, as continued in Project Convergence 2021 in Yuma Proving Ground.Jaspreet Gil [https://breakingdefense.com/2022/06/army-cio-fy23-is-year-of-inflection-for-digital-transformation/ (10 Jun 2022) Army CIO: FY23 is 'year of inflection' for digital transformation] CIO Raj Iyer: "Iyer said that the overall budget is 'almost flat' going from FY22 to FY23".Colin Demarest [https://www.defensenews.com/battlefield-tech/it-networks/2022/04/01/us-army-picks-l3harris-and-thales-for-radio-modernization/ (1 Apr 2022) US Army picks L3Harris and Thales for radio modernization] replaces SINCGARS Capability Set '23 has passed its Critical design review (CDR).{{efn|The Senate Appropriations Committee is cutting an Army component of the FY23 Presidential Budget Request which funds a CS'23 network capability.Jaspreet Gill [https://breakingdefense.com/2022/08/in-army-worry-follows-senators-proposed-cuts-to-network-comms-upgrades-official/ (2 Aug 2022) In Army, worry follows Senators' proposed cuts to network, comms upgrades: Official] Cuts to CS'23 layer will affect upcoming CS'25 capability|name=sascFY23cut}}
• {{anchor|networkCapabilitySet25}}Integrated Tactical Network (ITN) Capability Set '25 will implement JADC2, according to the acting head of the Network CFT (9 June 2021).Andrew Eversden [https://www.c4isrnet.com/battlefield-tech/it-networks/2021/06/09/army-says-2025-tactical-network-will-make-jadc2-a-reality/ (9 Jun 2021) Army says 2025 tactical network will make JADC2 a reality]
• By 2023 the brigade-centric capability sets CS'21 and CS'23 already support mobile headquarters operation (Infantry and Stryker BCTs). The Armored BCTs are heavily affected by the need to support Large scale combat operations;Andrew Eversden [https://breakingdefense.com/2021/09/new-army-pilot-program-to-test-armored-brigade-mobile-communications/ (29 Sep 2021) New Army Pilot Program To Test Armored Brigade Mobile Communications] N-CFT and PEO C3T are cooperating on CS'25, using 12 M1068 mobile command posts as test vehicles.Amy Walker, Project Manager Tactical Network, PEO C3T, public affairs [https://www.army.mil/article/262876/future_operating_environment_strategic_need_fuel_armys_network_design_goals (20 December 2022) Future operating environment, strategic need fuel Army's network design goals] CS'25, CS'27 goals for Army of 2030Colin Demarest [https://www.c4isrnet.com/battlefield-tech/c2-comms/2023/05/16/us-army-preps-for-fresh-mobile-communications-experiment/ (16 May 2023) US Army preps for fresh mobile communications experiment]Brad Williams [https://breakingdefense.com/2021/09/dod-spending-jadc2-jumps-focus-interoperability/ (21 Sep 2021) DoD Spending On JADC2 Jumps, With Increased Focus On Interoperability: Report] a cautionary note on stovepiped systems —Billy FabianTheresa Hitchens [https://breakingdefense.com/2021/08/jrocs-next-target-integrated-air-missile-defense/ (11 Aug 2021) JROC's Next Target: 'Integrated Air & Missile Defense'] IAMD will eventually be subject to a JROC capability review —John Hyten. JADC2 will thus have to be harmonized with IAMD. these Heavy brigades are to operate as part of a Division-level, and Corps-level plan.Sydney Freedberg, Jr. [https://breakingdefense.com/2023/05/keep-moving-or-die-army-will-overhaul-network-for-rapid-maneuver-in-big-wars/ (5 May 2023) Keep moving or die: Army will overhaul network for rapid maneuver in big wars] "The Army has nixed future 'Capability Set' upgrade packages for brigade networks in favor of smaller, more frequent updates, with the most complex technology reserved for division and corps HQs".
• Command post footprint is to be reduced even at the division level, to keep headquarters survivable, and the next network updates (the former CS'25) are for the echelons above brigade; this new upgrade strategy will make the network more agile.
• {{anchor|networkCapabilitySet27}}The former Integrated Tactical Network (ITN) Capability Sets for the '25 and '27 waypoints are to be implemented with rapid updates that are independent of previous tests. The Army network will rely upon a single standardized foundation.

{{anchor|unifiedNetworkPlan}}

• G-6 John Morrison is seeking to unify the battlefield networks of ITN, and IEN (Enterprise Network), as of September 2021.Andrew Eversden [https://breakingdefense.com/2021/09/army-general-network-modernization-never-going-to-stop/ (23 Sep 2021) Top Army General: Network Modernization 'Never Going To Stop']CIO and G-6 [https://api.army.mil/e2/c/downloads/2021/10/07/d43180cc/army-unified-network-plan-2021.pdf (8 Oct 2021) The Army Unified Network Plan: ENABLING MULTI-DOMAIN OPERATIONS]
• An Army leader dashboard from PEO Enterprise Information Systems is underway.Ellen Summey, PEO EIS [https://www.army.mil/article/224036/army_leader_dashboard_creating_insight_driven_decisions (1 July 2019) Army Leader Dashboard, creating insight-driven decisions]Lizette Chapman [https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2019-12-14/palantir-wins-new-pentagon-deal-with-111-million-from-the-army (13 December 2019) Palantir Wins New Pentagon Deal With $111 Million From the Army] HR, supply chain, et al. The dashboard is renamed Vantage.Billy Mitchell [https://www.fedscoop.com/inside-palantirs-support-armys-massive-data-problem/ (DEC 26, 2019) Inside Palantir's support of the Army's massive data problem] The dashboard has streamlined and connected data updates for deployments.Capt. Matthew Visser [https://www.army.mil/article/258912/reinventing_modern_deployment_soldiers_leverage_army_vantage_to_make_data_driven_decisions (30 Jul 2022) Reinventing Modern Deployment: Soldiers leverage Army Vantage to make data-driven decisions] Cloud-service-provider agnostic abstraction layers are in use, which allows merging the staff work in G-3/5/7 for cyber/EW (electronic warfare), mission command, and space.Sydney J. Freedberg Jr. [https://breakingdefense.com/2020/07/army-future-ops-depend-on-cloud-but-not-on-jedi/ (29 July 2020) Army Future Ops Depend On Cloud – But Not On JEDI ] The "seamless, real-time flow of data" across multiple domains (land, sea, air, space, and cyberspace) is an objective for G-6, as well as the sensor-to-shooter work at Futures command.[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q4PHht7nSsk Army Multi-Domain Targeting Center (16 July 2019) Target Mensuration Only] TMOKelsey Atherton [https://breakingdefense.com/2020/08/pentagon-code-library-will-support-multiple-clouds/ (7 August 2020) Pentagon Code Library Will Support Multiple Clouds]
• Fort Irwin, Fort Cavazos, Joint Base San Antonio, and Joint Base Lewis McChord have 5G experiments on wireless connectivity between forward operating bases and tactical operations centers, as well as nonaircraft Augmented reality support of maintenance and training.U.S. Army Public Affairs [https://www.army.mil/article/236174/two_army_installations_selected_for_5g_testing_and_experimentation U(3 June 2020) Two Army Installations selected for 5G testing and experimentation]
• The Multi-domain task forces (MDTFs) will be used to expose any capability gaps in the Unified network plan.Andrew Eversden [https://breakingdefense.com/2021/12/tactical-cloud-coming-to-armys-multi-domain-task-forces-in-2022/ (15 Dec 2021) Tactical cloud coming to Army's Multi-Domain Task Forces in 2022]

{{anchor|mdoAMD}}

Air, Missile Defense (AMD):AARON MAK [https://slate.com/news-and-politics/2019/05/documents-show-how-the-pentagon-plans-to-shift-usd1-5-billion-in-funding-towards-the-border-wall.html (MAY 12, 2019) Report: Missile System and Surveillance Plane Funding Will Go Towards the Border Wall ] slate.com

• Paul McCleary (4 September 2019) [https://breakingdefense.com/2019/09/border-wall-money-taken-from-alaska-missile-interceptors-shipyards-more/ Border Wall Money Taken From Alaska Missile Interceptors, Shipyards & More] breakingdefense.com lists some of the affected projects
• Sydney J. Freedberg Jr. [https://breakingdefense.com/2019/09/will-trumps-wall-mean-a-delay-in-defense-funding/ (10 September 2019) Will Trump's Wall Mean a Delay in Defense Funding?] breakingdefense.com $3.6 billion shift
• MATTHEW CHOI [https://www.politico.com/story/2019/09/16/defense-department-border-wall-projects-1499466 (09/16/2019) Pentagon puts brakes on 3 border barrier projects because of cost] reverses $2.5 billion that would have been cut from missile defense allocation, Fort Knox middle school, etc.
• Eleanor Watson {{citation |title=Senate votes to kill national emergency declaration along southern border |date=25 September 2019 |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/senate-votes-to-kill-national-emergency-declaration-along-southern-border/ |publisher=CBS News}}
• Li Zhou (26 Sep 2019) [https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/2019/9/26/20874722/congress-government-shutdown-donald-trump-border-wall Congress just made moves to narrowly avert another government shutdown] Continuing resolution (CR) funds until mid-November
• JENNIFER SCHOLTES [https://www.politico.com/news/2019/10/17/senate-fails-to-override-trump-on-border-wall-emergency-050266 (10/17/2019) Senate fails to override Trump on border wall emergency]Jason Cutshaw [https://www.army.mil/article/219177/armys_senior_air_defender_talks_future_of_air_missile_defense (SMDC/ARSTRAT) (22 March 2019) Army's senior air defender talks future of air, missile defense]Gary Sheftick, Army News Service (13 March 2019) [https://www.army.mil/article/218504/fy20_budget_to_boost_air_missile_defense FY20 budget to boost air & missile defense]MG Cedric T. Wins [https://www.dvidshub.net/news/339225/ccdcs-road-map-modernizing-army-air-and-missile-defense (09.10.2019) CCDC'S road map to modernizing the Army: air and missile defense] DVIDS release

• [https://www.army.mil/article/226920/ccdcs_road_map_to_modernizing_the_army_air_and_missile_defense (10 September 2019)] Same CCDC text but with 3 more images. Fifth in a series.Justin Katz [https://breakingdefense.com/2022/04/lockheed-sending-first-five-a4-radars-to-army-next-month/ (26 Apr 2022) Lockheed sending first five A4 radars to Army next month] "Army's Q-53 counterfire target acquisition radar and the Air Force's new long-range radar" 2023 deliveryJen Judson [https://www.defensenews.com/land/2022/04/27/us-army-plan-to-replace-patriot-interceptors-gets-a-jolt-in-fy23-budget-request/ (27 Apr 2022) US Army plan to replace Patriot interceptors gets a jolt in FY23 budget request] Budget request for FY2023: Abbreviated Concept Development Document (ACDD) in FY24. Down select: 2QFY2023–4QFY2025. Concept Development Document by 1QFY24. Rapid capability development phase begins 1QFY25. In 2022 plans for FY2023 cruise missile defense were underway.Jen Judson [https://www.defensenews.com/pentagon/2022/07/18/pentagon-plan-for-homeland-cruise-missile-defense-taking-shape/ (18 Jul 2022) Pentagon plan for homeland cruise missile defense taking shape] {{anchor|Defense of Palau|patriotsInPalau|Over-the-horizon radar in the Pacific|OTHR}}Ashish Dangwal [https://www.eurasiantimes.com/patriot-missile-another-countrys-in-chinas-neighborhood/ (25 Sep 2023) Patriot Missile: Another Country In Chinas Backyard Could Get US Defense System As Tensions Mount With Beijing]

File:Army_ccdc_domes_of_protection_0.jpg (IBCS)]]

File:US_Army_HEL-TVD_(laser).jpg

A contract for the U.S. Army Space and Missile Defense Command/Army Forces Strategic Command's High Energy Laser Tactical Vehicle Demonstrator (HEL TVD) laser system, a 100 kilowatt laser demonstrator for use on the Family of Medium Tactical Vehicles, was awarded 15 May 2019 to Dynetics-Lockheed.Jen Judson {{Cite web |date=2019-05-16 |title=Dynetics-Lockheed team beats out Raytheon to build 100-kilowatt laser weapon |url=https://www.defensenews.com/land/2019/05/16/dynetics-lockheed-team-beats-out-raytheon-to-build-100-kilowatt-laser-weapon/ |access-date=2021-12-25 |website=Defense News |language=en}}Clark, Colin [https://breakingdefense.sites.breakingmedia.com/2019/05/army-moves-out-on-lasers-hypersonics-lt-gen-thurgood/ (2019-05-24) Army Moves Out On Lasers, Hypersonics: Lt. Gen. Thurgood] A 300 kilowatt laser demonstrator (HEL-IFPC) effort supersedes the HEL TVD (after the critical design review).Ashley Rocque [https://breakingdefense.com/2023/07/lockheed-secures-221m-army-deal-for-high-powered-air-defense-laser-prototype (20 Jul 2023) Lockheed secures $221M Army deal for high-powered air defense laser prototype] IFPC-HEL to work with IFPC Inc 2, to integrate with [Army Integrated Air and Missile Defense] AIAMDSydney J Freedberg [https://breakingdefense.com/2019/08/newest-army-laser-could-kill-cruise-missiles/ (5 August 2019) New Army Laser Could Kill Cruise Missiles] Demonstrator lasers in test 2023, with fielding in 2024Claire Heininger, U.S. Army [https://www.army.mil/article/225276/army_awards_laser_weapon_system_contract (1 August 2019) Army awards laser weapon system contract] RCCTO has awarded Other Transaction Authority (OTA) contract 26 July 2019 for $203 million to two subcontractors, for prototype high energy lasers (HELs) for MSHORADDaniel Wasserbly [https://www.janes.com/article/91898/ausa-2019-lockheed-martin-weighs-options-for-achieving-a-250-300-kw-air-defence-laser (14 October 2019) AUSA 2019: Lockheed Martin weighs options for achieving a 250-300 kW air-defence laser] Addresses IFPC requirements System test at White Sands Missile Range in 2023.

Joe Lacdan [https://www.army.mil/article/212749/army_to_fuse_laser_technology_onto_air_defense_system (22 October 2018) Army to fuse laser technology onto air defense system]Sydney J Freedberg [https://breakingdefense.com/2020/09/lockheed-aims-for-laser-on-fighter-by-2025/ (17 Sep 2020) Lockheed Aims For Laser On Fighter By 2025]Jen Judson [https://www.defensenews.com/digital-show-dailies/ausa/2018/10/10/army-nearing-strategy-on-way-ahead-for-indirect-fire-protection-capability/ (11 Oct 2018) Army nearing strategy on way ahead for Indirect Fire Protection Capability]Sydney J Freedberg Jr.{{citation |title=Iron Dome Doesn't Work For Army: Gen. Murray: Interoperability with IBCS is critical |date=5 March 2020 |url=https://breakingdefense.com/2020/03/iron-dome-doesnt-work-for-army-gen-murray/ |publisher=breakingdefense.com}}Anna Ahronheim [https://www.jpost.com/Israel-News/US-Army-Iron-Dome-cannot-be-integrated-into-our-air-defense-systems-620171 (9 MARCH 2020) US Army: Iron Dome cannot be integrated into our air defense systems]: Iron Dome offers 12 launchers, two sensors, two battle management centers and 240 interceptors, but US Army's IAMD needs access to Iron Dome Source Code for interoperability w/ IFPC, IBCSSydney J. Freedberg Jr. [https://breakingdefense.com/2020/03/new-missiles-must-work-with-ibcs-network-bruce-jette-exclusive/ (9 March 2020) New Missiles Must Work With IBCS Network: Bruce Jette (Exclusive)] Each shooter must accept targeting data and firing commands from IBCS, at brassboard level at leastJen Judson [https://www.defensenews.com/land/2021/08/24/heres-who-the-us-army-has-tapped-to-build-an-enduring-capability-to-counter-drones-and-cruise-missiles/ (24 Aug 2021) Here's who the US Army has tapped to build an enduring capability to counter drones and cruise missiles] defensenews.com

• {{anchor|HELs}}Maneuver short-range air defense (MSHORAD)Sydney J. Freedberg Jr. [https://breakingdefense.com/2021/04/army-fields-first-anti-aircraft-strykers-in-only-3-years/ (23 Apr 2021) Army Fields First Anti-Aircraft Strykers In Just 3 Years] breakingdefense.comGary Sheftick, Army News Service [https://www.army.mil/article/224074/army_rebuilding_short_range_air_defense (2 July 2019) Army rebuilding short-range air defense] Manpad training for 19K MOS using synthetic training environment (STE) with laser cannon prototypes in 2020, In July 2021 RCCTO conducted a combat shootoff on just how to control pointing these high-energy lasers.Nancy Jones-Bonbrest [https://www.army.mil/article/249239/army_advances_first_laser_weapon_through_combat_shoot_off (10 Aug 2021) Army advances first laser weapon through Combat Shoot-Off] Soldier-centered designJared Keller [https://taskandpurpose.com/military-tech/army-laser-weapon-stryker-combat-shoot-off/ (12 Aug 2021) The Army's first laser weapon is almost ready for a fight] Raytheon is providing the high energy laser (Directed Energy Maneuver-Short Range Air Defense system —DE M-SHORAD) for the Strykers in 2022.Jen Judson [https://news.yahoo.com/army-readies-deliver-first-set-181848878.html (13 Jan 2022) Army readies to deliver first set of Strykers with 50-kilowatt laser weapons]Kris Osborn [https://warriormaven.com/land/army-strykers-drones-laser-directed-energy-maneuver-short-range-air-defense (1 Feb 2023) Army Strykers Destroy Attacking Drones & Mortars With 50kw Laser]Sputnik [https://eurasiantimes.com/us-reaches-key-milestone-on-laser-air-defense-lockheed-martin/ (25 Jan 2023) US Reaches Key Milestone On Laser Air Defense; Lockheed Martin Confirms DEIMOS Demonstration Success] 50kW laser
• RCCTO has awarded a contract to build a 300 kW high-energy laser (HEL) for the Army in FY2022, capable of defending against airborne threats, by acquiring, tracking, and maintaining the HEL's aimpoint on the threat until it goes down.Andrew Eversden [https://breakingdefense.com/2021/10/army-awards-laser-weapon-contract-to-boeing-general-atomics-team/ (26 Oct 2021) Army Awards Laser Weapon Contract To Boeing, General Atomics Team]

{{anchor|mdoSL}}

1. Soldier Lethality:MG John George {{Cite web |title=CCDC's Road Map to Modernizing the Army: Soldier lethality |url=https://www.army.mil/article/231403/ccdcs_road_map_to_modernizing_the_army_soldier_lethality |access-date=2021-12-14 |website=www.army.mil |language=en}} Sixth in a seriesArgie Sarantinos-Perrin, CCDC Public Affairs [https://www.army.mil/article/219476/ccdc_technology_to_increase_soldier_readiness_in_multi_domain_operations (29 March 2019) CCDC technology to increase Soldier readiness in multi-domain operations]: capabilities by 2023Sydney J. Freedberg Jr. [https://breakingdefense.com/2020/12/ndaa-conference-cuts-new-army-tech-pluses-up-old/ (4 Dec 2020) NDAA: Conference Cuts New Army Tech, Pluses Up Old] Cuts in IVAS, OMFV, AMPV, IFPC. Increases in Stryker, Lasers, UASs. Top 6 modernization prorities are unscathed.Robert Purtiman [https://www.army.mil/article/211454/soldier_lethality_cross_functional_team_bringing_next_generation_technologies_to_soldiers (21 September 2018) Lethality Cross-Functional Team bringing next generation technologies to Soldiers] ENVG-B, Next Generation Squad Weapons, and the Adaptive Soldier Architecture
2. * {{anchor|ngsw}}Next Generation Squad Weapon Program: Expect 100,000 to be fielded to the Close Combat Force:Bridgett Siter, Communications Director, Soldier Lethality CFT [https://www.army.mil/article/226912 (10 September 2019) Soldier Lethality team delivers first big win for AFC] Enhanced night vision goggle - binocular (ENVG-B) significantly aids marksmanship by the Close Combat Force

• Sydney J. Freedberg Jr. [https://breakingdefense.com/2019/09/army-issues-next-gen-targeting-goggles/ (16 September 2019) Army Issues Next-Gen Targeting Goggles] Freedberg's commentary on ENVG-B—Targeting goggles for infantrymen{{efn|The DoD Close Combat Lethality Task Force is hosting the Artificial Intelligence for Small-Unit Maneuver working group in order to foment relationships with OUSD(R&E), the Chief Digital and Artificial Intelligence Office (CDAO), and the Army, Marines, and Special Operations cells for close combat.Alexander Gago [https://www.army.mil/article/259146/close_combat_lethality_task_force_hosts_artificial_intelligence_for_small_unit_maneuver_working_group (8 Aug 2022) Close Combat Lethality Task Force hosts Artificial Intelligence for Small Unit Maneuver working group]|name=closeCombatForce}} Infantry, Armor, Cavalry, Special Forces, and Combat engineers. Tests at Fort Benning in 2019. —Chief of Staff MilleyDavid Vergun [https://www.army.mil/article/212177/next_generation_squad_weapon_to_be_very_capable_lethal_says_army_chief_of_staff (8 October 2018) Next-generation squad weapon to be very capable, lethal, says Army chief of staff]

1. * Nine thousand systems, with two drones apiece are being purchased over a three-year period for the 9-man infantry squads heading to Afghanistan.Sydney J. Freedberg Jr. [https://breakingdefense.com/2019/06/army-buys-9000-mini-drones-for-squads-rethinks-ground-robots-for-2020/ (17 June 2019) Army Buys 9,000 Mini-Drones, Rethinks Ground Robots]
2. * {{anchor|ivas}}Integrated Visual Augmentation System (IVAS) —an augmented reality display— allows soldiers to use multiple sensors to fight. IVAS was put on hold in March 2022, with Congress budgeting $349 million in favor of drones instead.Andrew Eversden [https://breakingdefense.com/2022/03/congress-puts-349m-for-ivas-on-hold-but-army-sees-major-boost-to-counter-drones/ (11 Mar 2022) Congress puts $349M for IVAS 'on hold,' but Army sees major boost to counter drones] FLRAA, JLTVs, and Strykers got an increase, as well as the 6 modernization priorities. An initial IVAS buy was approved in September 2022 after a six month hold. An improved IVAS is being sought after finding that some soldiers are being physically affected from wearing the goggles.Ashley Roque [https://breakingdefense.com/2022/12/with-war-in-europe-army-replenished-weapons-stockpile-and-pushed-modernization-2022-in-review/ (27 Dec 2022) With war in Europe, us Army replenished weapons, pushed modernization: 2022 in Review] IVAS 1.2 sought
3. * {{anchor|envgb}}Enhanced night vision goggles (ENVG)-B, will be fielded to an Armor brigade combat team (ABCT) going to South Korea in October 2019{{Cite news |title=Army to field new night vision goggles |language=en |website=www.army.mil |url=https://www.army.mil/article/219674/army_to_field_new_night_vision_goggles |access-date=2021-12-14}}AFC [https://www.army.mil/article/230214/soldier_feedback_driving_army_modernization (21 Nov 2019) Soldier feedback driving Army modernization] used 10 soldier touchpoints
4. ** A CCDC program which instrumented a battalion with sleep monitors, Redibands, and smartwatches to detect exertion, detected soldiers with elevated heart rates, indicating the beginnings of a streptococcus infection. This condition was detected by the medics, and would have impacted the battalion, detected before deploying to Afghanistan.Todd South [https://www.armytimes.com/news/2021/10/11/this-army-program-prevented-disease-outbreak-in-a-unit-deploying-to-afghanistan/ (11 Oct 2021) This Army program prevented disease outbreak in a unit deploying to Afghanistan] MASTR-E —Measuring and Advancing Soldier Tactical Readiness and Effectiveness
5. * {{anchor|ste}}Synthetic training environment (STE)—a CFT devoted to an augmented reality system{{Cite web |title=STE CFT Cuts Ribbon in Orlando |url=https://www.army.mil/article/218753/ste_cft_cuts_ribbon_in_orlando |access-date=2021-12-14 |website=www.army.mil |language=en}}Joe Lacdan [https://www.army.mil/article/222722/army_testing_synthetic_training_environment_platforms (3 June 2019) Army testing synthetic training environment platforms] Reconfigurable Virtual Collective Trainer-Air (RVCT-A), -Ground (RVCT-G), and 3-D terrain database (One World) to aid planning, using mapping techniques, even at squad levelDevon L. Suits, Army News Service [https://www.army.mil/article/202574/synthetic_training_environment_to_enhance_soldier_lethality (22 March 2018) Synthetic training environment to enhance Soldier lethality]

• Combined Arms Center [https://usacac.army.mil/sites/default/files/documents/cact/STE_White_Paper.pdf Synthetic Training Environment (STE) White Paper Combined Arms Center - Training (CAC-T)]
• Lt. Col. Damon "DJ" Durall, Synthetic Training Environment Cross-Functional Team [https://www.army.mil/article/211619/synthetic_training_environment_and_the_digital_revolution_in_the_army (26 September 2018) Synthetic Training Environment and the digital revolution in the Army ]US Army {{Cite web |title=One World Terrain to allow Soldiers to train anywhere |url=https://www.army.mil/article/224063/one_world_terrain_to_allow_soldiers_to_train_anywhere |access-date=2021-12-14 |website=www.army.mil |language=en}}Jaspreet Gill [https://breakingdefense.com/2023/02/maxar-plans-geospatial-data-multi-source-collection-for-armys-one-world-terrain/ (27 Feb 2023) Maxar plans geospatial data, multi-source collection for Army's One World Terrain] will begin fielding by 2021.[https://www.army.mil/e2/downloads/rv7/the_army_strategy_2018.pdf The Army Strategy] 2018Jacqueline M. Hames and Margaret C. Roth [https://www.army.mil/article/216068/virtual_battlefield_represents_future_of_training (14 January 2019) Virtual battlefield represents future of training] Training as a service; more content at scale needed.Insinna, Valerie; Kahwaji, Riad; {{Cite web |date=2019-05-15 |title=Let The (War) Games Begin: Army Buying High-Tech Training Sims |url=https://breakingdefense.sites.breakingmedia.com/2019/05/let-the-war-games-begin-army-buying-high-tech-training-sims/ |access-date=2021-12-14 |website=Breaking Defense |language=en-US}} In October 2019 the Synthetic Training Environment (STE) prototype is being used by Special Operations for planning actual missions.Sydney J. Freedberg Jr. [https://breakingdefense.com/2019/10/ste-army-3d-mapping-software-so-good-special-ops-uses-it-for-missions/ (13 October 2019) Special Ops Using Army's Prototype 3D Maps On Missions: Gervais]Jen Judson [https://www.defensenews.com/land/2019/05/17/us-armys-jumping-to-next-level-in-virtual-training-world/ (17 May 2019) US Army's jumping to the next level in virtual training] reconfigurable virtual collective trainers (RVCTs) Development for the Synthetic Training Environment (STE) is to be accelerated to meet MDO and JADC2 training demands.Yasmin Tadjdeh [https://www.nationaldefensemagazine.org/articles/2020/12/1/army-accelerating-next-step-of-synthetic-training-environment (1 Dec 2020) I/ITSEC NEWS: Army Accelerates Synthetic Training Environment Development]
• Jennifer McArdle & Caitlin Dohrman [https://warontherocks.com/2020/12/the-next-simnet-unlocking-the-future-of-military-readiness-through-synthetic-environments/ (3 Dec 2020) THE NEXT SIMNET? UNLOCKING THE FUTURE OF MILITARY READINESS THROUGH SYNTHETIC ENVIRONMENTS] Applying STE capability "requires organizational change and vision".

1. {{anchor|concealment}}On the battlefield of the future, where no headquarters is safe for long, the commander's task is:Scott McKean [https://api.army.mil/e2/c/downloads/2021/07/19/b7aad354/20210714-afc-pam-71-20-9-concept-for-c2-pursuing-decision-dominance-approved.pdf (14 Jul 2021) AFC Pamphlet 71-20-9 Army Futures Command Concept for Command and Control - Pursuing decision dominance] AFCC-C2 is the future communications network. 14 Jul 2021 see: [https://www.army.mil/futuresandconceptscenter#org-resources FUTURES AND CONCEPTS CENTER resources]{{rp|p.87}}
2. * "Avoid being detected and targeted".Sydney J. Freedberg Jr. [https://breakingdefense.com/2022/10/army-2030-disperse-or-die-network-and-live/ (17 Oct 2022) Army 2030: Disperse or die, network and live]
3. * "Work through and survive attacks".
4. * "Rapidly recover from losses".
5. * Thus the commander has to be continuously aware of the current status (that is: alive or not) of the deputy commander (and the staff) so that the mission can be completed.

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PRRfan (talk) 18:05, 2 October 2023 (UTC)

:115kb of content for a 1.3kb stub... I'm sure there something here of use to this page. Nice work cutting down that other page, btw. It's becoming much more reasonable and manageable in size. Cheers - wolf 22:44, 2 October 2023 (UTC)