The Piano

In the mid-1800s,{{cite web |date=15 June 2018 |title=The Piano review – Jane Campion's drama still hits all the right notes | The Piano |url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2018/jun/15/the-piano-review-jane-campion-holly-hunter |accessdate=2022-02-17 |work=The Guardian}} Ada McGrath, a Scottish woman with elective mutism, travels to colonial New Zealand with her daughter Flora for an arranged marriage to settler Alisdair Stewart. Ada has not spoken since the age of six, and the reason for this as well as the identity of Flora's father remain unknown. She communicates through playing the piano and sign language, with Flora acting as her interpreter.

Ada and Flora, along with their handcrafted piano, are stranded on a New Zealand beach by a ship's crew. The next day, Alisdair arrives with his Māori crew and neighbour George Baines, a retired sailor who's adapted to Maori customs, including facial tattoos. Alisdair tells Ada that they don't have enough bearers for the piano and then refuses to go back for it, claiming that they all need to make sacrifices. Desperate to retrieve her piano, Ada seeks George's help. While at first saying no, he appears to give in due to her keenness on recovering the piano. Once at the beach, he is entranced by her music and appears charmed by her happy ways when she is playing, in contrast to her stern behaviour when in the farm.

George offers Alisdair the land he's been coveting in exchange for the piano and Ada's lessons. Alisdair agrees, oblivious to George's attraction to Ada. Ada is enraged by George's proposition but agrees to trade lessons for piano keys. She restricts the lessons to the black keys only and resists George's demands for more intimacy. Ada continues to rebuff Alisdair's advances while exploring her sensuality with George. George eventually realizes that Ada will never commit to him emotionally and returns the piano to her, confessing that he wants Ada to care for him genuinely.

Although Ada has her piano back, she longs for George and returns to him. Alisdair overhears them having sex and watches them through a crack in the wall. Furious, he confronts Ada and tries to force himself on her despite her strong resistance. He then coerces Ada into promising she will no longer see George.

Shortly after, Ada instructs Flora to deliver a package to George, which contains a piano key with a love declaration engraved on it. Flora delivers it to Alisdair instead. Enraged after reading the message, Alisdair cuts off Ada's index finger, depriving her of the ability to play the piano. He sends Flora to George with the severed finger, warning him to stay away from Ada or he will chop off more fingers. Later, while touching Ada as she sleeps, Alisdair hears what he thinks is her voice in his head, asking him to let George take her away. He goes to George's house and asks if Ada has ever spoken to him, but George says no. George and Ada leave together with her belongings and piano tied onto a Māori canoe. As they row to the ship, Ada asks George to throw the piano overboard. She allows her leg to be caught by the rope attached to the piano and is dragged underwater with it in an attempt to drown herself. As she sinks, she appears to change her mind and struggles free before being pulled to safety.

In the epilogue, Ada describes her new life with George and Flora in Nelson, where she gives piano lessons in their new home. George has made her a metal finger to replace the one she lost, and Ada has been practicing and taking speech lessons. She sometimes dreams of the piano resting at the bottom of the ocean with her still tethered to it.

{{div col}}

• Holly Hunter as Ada McGrath
• Harvey Keitel as George Baines
• Sam Neill as Alisdair Stewart
• Anna Paquin as Flora McGrath
• Kerry Walker as Aunt Morag
• Genevieve Lemon as Nessie
• Tungia Baker as Hira
• Ian Mune as the Reverend
• Peter Dennett as the head seaman
• Cliff Curtis as Mana
• Pete Smith as Hone
• Te Whatanui Skipwith as Chief Nihe
• Mere Boynton as Nihe's daughter
• George Boyle as Ada's father
• Rose McIver as Angel
• Mika Haka as Tahu
• Gordon Hatfield as Te Kori
• Bruce Allpress as the blind piano tuner
• Stephen Papps as Bluebeard

{{div col end}}

The film was originally titled The Piano Lesson, but the filmmakers could not obtain the rights to use the title because of the American play of the same name, and it was changed to The Piano.{{cite book|last1=Bourguignon|first1=Thomas|last2=Ciment|first2=Michel|year=1999|orig-year=1993|chapter=Interview with Jane Campion: More Barbarian than Aesthete|editor-last=Wexman|editor-first=Virginia Wright|title=Jane Campion: Interviews|publisher=University Press of Mississippi|page=109|isbn=1-57806-083-4}}

Casting the role of Ada was a difficult process. Sigourney Weaver was Jane Campion's first choice, but she was not interested. Jennifer Jason Leigh was also considered, but had a conflict with her commitment to Rush (1991).{{cite web|url=http://www.movingimage.us/pinewood/files/pinewood/2/24866_programs_transcript_pdf_209.pdf| title=A Pinewood Dialogue With Jennifer Jason Leigh| website=Museum of the Moving Image| date=23 November 1994 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070703112419/http://www.movingimage.us/pinewood/files/pinewood/2/24866_programs_transcript_pdf_209.pdf |archive-date=2007-07-03}} Isabelle Huppert met with Campion and had vintage period-style photographs taken of her as Ada, and later said she regretted not fighting for the role as Holly Hunter did.{{cite web| url=http://mjf.missouristate.edu/faculty/wang/ih/career/index_trivia1.htm |title=Isabelle Huppert: La Vie Pour Jouer – Career/Trivia |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120216030405/http://mjf.missouristate.edu/faculty/wang/ih/career/index_trivia1.htm |archive-date=16 February 2012 }}

The casting for Flora occurred after Hunter had been selected for the part. They did a series of open auditions for girls age 9 to 13, focusing on girls who were small enough to be believable as Ada's daughter (as Hunter is relatively short at {{convert|157|cm|ftin|abbr=on|disp=semicolon}} tall{{cite magazine|url= http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,966298,00.html|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20071223092530/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,966298,00.html|url-status= dead|archive-date= 23 December 2007|title=Show Business: Holly Hunter Takes Hollywood|magazine=Time|access-date=22 July 2010 |first=Denise |last=Worrell|date= 21 December 1987}}). Anna Paquin ended up winning the role of Flora over 5,000 other girls.{{cite journal|first=Andrew |last=Fish |date=Summer 2010 |title=It's in Her Blood: From Child Prodigy to Supernatural Heroine, Anna Paquin Has Us Under Her Spell |journal=Venice Magazine |url=http://www.venicemag.com/news/index/view/235 |access-date=22 July 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100725155534/http://www.venicemag.com/news/index/view/235 |archive-date=25 July 2010 }}

Hunter collaborated extensively with Pierce College sign language instructor Darlene Allen Wittman,{{cite news |title= NORTHRIDGE: Instructor and Actress Created Own Language |url= https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1994-02-16-me-23702-story.html |date=16 February 1994 |newspaper=Los Angeles Times |access-date=16 March 2025 |eissn=2165-1736 |issn=0458-3035 |oclc=3638237 |last=Pitzer |first=Kurt |editor-link=Shelby Coffey III |editor-last=Coffey III |editor-first=Shelby}} blending American, British, Russian, Indigenous, as well as some unique new signs into an amalgamated sign language for her character Ada.{{cite magazine |title=Icon: Holly Hunter |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/business/business-news/icon-holly-hunter-112782/ |date=29 May 2008 |magazine=The Hollywood Reporter |access-date=17 March 2025 |issn=0018-3660 |oclc=44653726 |last=Galloway |first=Stephen |via=Associated Press}} Hunter also took piano lessons to authentically play the compositions that Michael Nyman wrote for the film.

Alistair Fox has argued that The Piano was significantly influenced by Jane Mander's The Story of a New Zealand River.{{cite web|url=http://www.otago.ac.nz/communicationstudies/campion/participants/fox.html |title=Puritanism and the Erotics of Transgression: the New Zealand Influence on Jane Campion's Thematic Imaginary |first=Alistair |last=Fox |access-date=7 October 2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071024034335/http://www.otago.ac.nz/communicationstudies/campion/participants/fox.html |archive-date=24 October 2007}} Robert Macklin, an associate editor with The Canberra Times newspaper, has also written about the similarities.{{cite news|url=http://linguafranca.mirror.theinfo.org/print/0009/field-piano.html|work= lingua franca|volume= 10|number= 6|date= September 2000|last=Macklin |first=Robert|title=FIELD NOTES: The Purloined Piano?}} The film also serves as a retelling of the fairytale "Bluebeard",{{cite web|url=http://www.surlalunefairytales.com/bluebeard/themes.html|title=Modern Interpretations of Bluebeard|first=Heidi Ann |last=Heiner|access-date=12 April 2010}}{{cite web|url=http://blogcritics.org/video/article/a-look-at-the-piano/ |title=Look at The Piano |first=Scott C. |last=Smith |access-date=12 April 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101012042312/http://blogcritics.org/video/article/a-look-at-the-piano/ |archive-date=12 October 2010 }} itself depicted as a scene in the Christmas pageant. Campion has cited the novels Wuthering Heights and The African Queen as inspirations.

In July 2013, Campion revealed that she originally intended that the main character would drown in the sea after going overboard after her piano.{{cite news|author=Child, Ben| url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2013/jul/08/jane-campion-bleak-ending-the-piano |title=Jane Campion wanted a bleaker ending for The Piano| work=The Guardian|date= 8 July 2013}}

Principal photography took place over 12 weeks from February to mid-May 1992.{{cite journal| url=https://cinemontage.org/the-piano-aint-got-no-wrong-notes/ |date=June 12, 2018 |title='The Piano' Ain't Got No Wrong Notes |journal=CineMontage |access-date=July 19, 2023}} The Piano was filmed in New Zealand’s North Island. The scene where Ada comes ashore and the piano is abandoned was filmed at Karekare Beach, west of Auckland. Bush scenes were filmed near Matakana and Awakino, while underwater scenes were filmed at the Bay of Islands.{{cite web |title=The Piano 1993 |url=https://movie-locations.com/movies/p/Piano.php |website=Movie Locations |access-date=19 September 2024}}

Campion was determined to market the film to appeal to a larger audience than the limited audiences many art films attracted at the time. Simona Benzakein, the publicist for The Piano at Cannes noted: "Jane and I discussed the marketing. She wanted this to be not just an elite film, but a popular film."{{cite book|url=https://search.worldcat.org/title/40948460 |last1=Elaine Margolis|first1=Harriett|title=Jane Campion's The Piano|year=2000|pages=136|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0521592581}}

{{Multiple image

| align = right

| direction =

| total_width = 300

| image1 = Holly Hunter by Gage Skidmore.jpg

| alt1 =

| caption1 =

| image2 = Anna Paquin.jpg

| caption2 =

| caption_align = center

| header_align = center

| width1 = 380

| width2 = 431

| footer = The performances of Holly Hunter and Anna Paquin garnered widespread critical acclaim, earning them Academy Award for Best Actress and Best Supporting Actress respectively.

}}

Reviews for the film were overwhelmingly positive. Roger Ebert wrote: "The Piano is as peculiar and haunting as any film I've seen" and "it is one of those rare movies that is not just about a story, or some characters, but about a whole universe of feeling".{{cite web|url=http://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/the-piano-1993 |title=The Piano |last=Ebert |first=Roger |date=19 November 1993 |access-date=3 July 2017 |work=Rogerebert.com}} Hal Hinson of The Washington Post called it an "evocative, powerful, extraordinarily beautiful film".{{Cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/style/longterm/movies/videos/thepianorhinson_a0a8ab.htm |title='The Piano' (R) |last=Hinson |first=Hal |date=19 November 1993 |access-date=3 July 2017 |newspaper=The Washington Post}}

The Piano was named one of the best films of 1993 by 86 film critics, making it the most acclaimed film of 1993.{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/style/1994/01/09/86-thumbs-up-for-once-the-nations-critics-agree-on-the-years-best-movies/1bbb0968-690e-4c02-9c8b-0c3b4b5b4a1e/|title=86 Thumbs Up! For Once, The Nation's Critics Agree on The Year's Best Movies |newspaper=The Washington Post|first1=Pat|last1=McGilligan|first2=Mark|last2=Rowl|date=January 9, 1994|access-date=December 13, 2021}}

In his 2013 Movie Guide, Leonard Maltin gave the film three and half out of four stars, calling the film a "haunting, unpredictable tale of love and sex told from a woman's point of view" and went on to say "writer-director Campion has fashioned a highly original fable, showing the tragedy and triumph erotic passion can bring to one's daily life".{{cite book| last=Maltin| first=Leonard|title=2013 Movie Guide| year=2012|publisher=Penguin Books|page=1084|isbn=978-0-451-23774-3}}

On review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds an approval rating of 90% based on 71 reviews, and an average rating of 8.50/10. The website's critical consensus reads: "Powered by Holly Hunter's main performance, The Piano is a truth-seeking romance played in the key of erotic passion."{{cite web |title=The Piano (1993) |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/piano |access-date=2 April 2022 |work=Rotten Tomatoes |publisher=Fandango Media}} On Metacritic, the film has a weighted average score of 89 out of 100, based on 20 critics, indicating "universal acclaim".{{cite web |url=http://www.metacritic.com/movie/the-piano |title=The Piano Reviews |work=Metacritic |publisher=CBS Interactive |access-date=20 March 2018}}

The film was the highest-grossing New Zealand film of all-time surpassing Footrot Flats: The Dog's Tale (1986) with a gross of $NZ3.8 million.{{cite magazine|magazine=Variety|date=29 August 1994|title=Summer B.O. goes out like a 'Lion'|page=14|last=Groves|first=Don}}

It grossed over US$140 million worldwide (equivalent to ${{Inflation|index=US|value=140.2|start_year=1993|r=1}} million in {{Inflation year|index=US}}), including $7 million in Australia, $16 million in France, and $39 million in the United States and Canada against its US$7 million budget (equivalent to ${{Inflation|index=US|value=7|start_year=1993|r=1}} million in {{Inflation year|index=US}}).{{sfn|Margolis|2000}}

The film was nominated for eight Academy Awards (including Best Picture), winning three for Best Actress (Holly Hunter), Best Supporting Actress (Anna Paquin) and Best Original Screenplay (Jane Campion). At age 11, Anna Paquin became the second youngest competitive Academy Award winner (after Tatum O'Neal in 1973).{{cite magazine|url=http://ew.com/article/2008/12/24/recall-93supact/|title=Anna Paquin: Did she really deserve an Oscar?|last=Young|first=John|date=24 December 2008|magazine=Entertainment Weekly}}

At the Cannes Film Festival, the film won the Palme d'Or (sharing with Chen Kaige's Farewell My Concubine), with Campion becoming the first woman to win the honour, as well as the first filmmaker from New Zealand to achieve this.{{cite web|url=http://www.avclub.com/article/1993-is-the-first-and-last-time-the-palme-went-to-107695|title=1993 is the first and last time the Palme went to a woman|last=Dowd|first=AA|date=13 February 2014|access-date=3 July 2017|website=The A.V. Club}}{{sfn|Margolis|2000|page=1}} Holly Hunter also won Best Actress.

In 2019, the BBC polled 368 film experts from 84 countries to name the 100 best films by women directors, and The Piano was named the top film, with nearly 10% of the critics polled giving it first place on their ballots.{{cite news|title=The 100 greatest films directed by women|url=https://www.bbc.com/culture/article/20191125-the-100-greatest-films-directed-by-women-poll|access-date=28 December 2019|work=BBC|date=26 November 2019}}

{{Listen

| filename = Nyman piano.ogg

| title = "The Piano"

| description = Extract from the score of the 1993 film "The Piano"

| format = Ogg

}}

{{For|more details|The Piano (soundtrack)}}

The score for the film was written by Michael Nyman, and included the acclaimed piece "The Heart Asks Pleasure First"; additional pieces were "Big My Secret", "The Mood That Passes Through You", "Silver Fingered Fling", "Deep Sleep Playing" and "The Attraction of the Pedalling Ankle". This album is rated in the top 100 soundtrack albums of all time and Nyman's work is regarded as a key voice in the film, which has a mute lead character. The main musical score "The Heart Asks Pleasure First" is based on the traditional Scottish song "Gloomy Winter's Noo Awa'" {{cite magazine|magazine=Entertainment Weekly |title=Top 100 Soundtrack Albums |date=12 October 2001 |page=44}}{{Cite news |title=Mark Ravenhill and Michael Nyman - Take your seats for jazzed-up |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/classical/features/mark-ravenhill-and-michael-nyman-take-your-seats-for-jazzedup-monteverdi-2264713.html |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20230405115356/https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/classical/features/mark-ravenhill-and-michael-nyman-take-your-seats-for-jazzedup-monteverdi-2264713.html |archive-date=2023-04-05 |access-date=2025-01-12 |work=The Independent |language=en-GB}}

The film was released on VHS on May 25, 1994. Initial fears in leadup to its release were in relation to the films status as "arty" and "non-mainstream," however its nominations and success at the Academy Awards guaranteed it profitability in the home video market.{{cite web|last=Hunt|first=Dennis|date=February 11, 1994 |title=Oscars Give Rentals New Lease on Life

|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1994-02-11-ca-21533-story.html |newspaper=Los Angeles Times}} It finished in the top 30 video rentals of 1994 in the United States.{{cite web|date=January 7, 1995 |title=Top Video Rentals |url=https://www.worldradiohistory.com/Archive-All-Music/Billboard/90s/1995/BB-1995-01-07.pdf |pages=65|magazine= Billboard}} It was released on DVD in 1997 by LIVE Entertainment and on Blu-ray on 31 January 2012 by Lionsgate, but already released in 2010 in Australia.[https://www.amazon.com/Piano-Blu-ray/dp/B0064MT1NU/ Piano [Blu-ray] (1993)]

On 11 August 2021, the Criterion Collection announced their first 4K Ultra HD releases, a six-film slate, will include The Piano. Criterion indicated each title would be available in a 4K UHD+Blu-ray combo pack, including a 4K UHD disc of the feature film as well as the film and special features on the companion Blu-ray. The Piano was released on January 25, 2022.{{cite news |last1=Machkovech |first1=Sam |title=Criterion announces support for 4K UHD Blu-ray, beginning with Citizen Kane |url=https://arstechnica.com/gaming/2021/08/criterion-announces-support-for-4k-uhd-blu-ray-beginning-with-citizen-kane/ |access-date=12 August 2021 |work=Ars Technica |date=11 August 2021 |language=en-us}}

• List of films considered the best

{{Notelist}}

{{reflist}}

• {{cite book |last=Margolis |first=Harriet |year=2000 |title=Jane Campion's The Piano |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0521597210 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mFZ6gBsl2ZgC |access-date=13 July 2016}}

{{refbegin|30em}}

• {{cite journal|last=Althofer |first=Beth |title=The Piano, or Wuthering Heights revisited, or separation and civilization through the eyes of the (girl) child |journal=Psychoanalytic Review |volume=81 |number=2 |year=1994 |pages=339–342}}
• {{cite journal|last=Attwood |first=Feona |title=Weird Lullaby Jane Campion's "The Piano" |journal=Feminist Review |volume=58 |number=1 |year=1998 |pages=85–101 |doi=10.1080/014177898339604 |jstor=1395681 |s2cid=144226880 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/1395681|url-access=subscription }}
• {{cite journal|last=Bentley |first=Greg |title=Mothers, daughters, and (absent) fathers in Jane Campion's The Piano |journal=Literature/Film Quarterly |volume=30 |number=1 |year=2002 |page=46 |url= https://www.proquest.com/docview/226994856|id={{ProQuest|226994856}} }}
• {{cite journal|last=Bihlmeyer |first=Jaime |title=The (Un) Speakable FEMININITY in Mainstream Movies: Jane Campion's" The Piano" |journal=Cinema Journal |volume=44 |number=2 |year=2005 |pages=68–88 |doi=10.1353/cj.2005.0004|s2cid=191463102 }}
• {{cite journal|last=Bihlmeyer |first=Jaime |title=Jane Campion's The Piano: The Female Gaze, the Speculum and the Chora within the H (y) st (e) rical Film |journal=Essays in Philosophy |volume=4 |number=1 |year=2003 |pages=3–27 |doi=10.5840/eip20034120 |url=https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/48856719.pdf}}
• {{cite journal|last1=Bogdan |first1=Deanne |last2=Davis |first2=Hilary |last3=Robertson |first3=Judith |title=Sweet Surrender and Trespassing Desires in Reading: Jane Campion's The Piano and the struggle for responsible pedagogy |journal=Changing English |volume=4 |number=1 |year=1997 |pages=81–103 |doi=10.1080/1358684970040106}}
• {{cite journal|last=Bussi |first=Elisa |title=13 Voyages and Border Crossings: Jane Campion's "The Piano" (1993) |journal=The Seeing Century |pages=161–173 |publisher=Brill |year=2000 |doi=10.1163/9789004455030_014|isbn=9789004455030 |s2cid=239977351 }}
• {{cite book|last=Campion |first=Jane |author-link=Jane Campion |title=Jane Campion's The Piano |location=United Kingdom |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=2000 |isbn=978-0521597210}}
• {{cite journal|last=Chumo II |first=Peter N. |title=Keys to the Imagination: Jane Campion's The Piano |journal=Literature/Film Quarterly |volume=25 |number=3 |year=1997 |page=173}}
• {{cite journal|last1=Dalton |first1=Mary M. |last2=Fatzinger |first2=Kirsten James |title=Choosing silence: defiance and resistance without voice in Jane Campion's The Piano |journal=Women and Language |volume=26 |number=2 |year=2003 |page=34}}
• {{cite journal|last=Davis |first=Michael |title=Tied to that Maternal 'Thing': Death and Desire in Jane Campion's "The Piano" |journal=Gothic Studies |volume=4 |number=1 |year=2002 |pages=63–78 |doi=10.7227/GS.4.1.5}}
• {{cite journal|last=Dayal |first=Samir |title=Inhuman love: Jane Campion's "The Piano" |journal=Postmodern Culture |volume=12 |number=2 |year=2002 |doi=10.1353/pmc.2002.0005 |s2cid=144838814 |url=http://pmc.iath.virginia.edu/issue.102/12.2dayal.html|url-access=subscription }}
• {{cite journal|last=DuPuis |first=Reshela |title=Romanticizing Colonialism: Power and Pleasure in Jane Campion's "The Piano" |journal=The Contemporary Pacific |year=1996 |volume=8 |issue=1 |pages=51–79 |jstor=23706813 |url= https://www.jstor.org/stable/23706813}}
• {{cite book|last=Frankenberg |first=Ronnie |chapter=Re-presenting the Embodied Child: the Muted Child, the Tamed Wife and the Silenced Instrument in Jane Campion's "The Piano" |title=The Body, Childhood and Society |year=2016 |page=125 |publisher=Springer |isbn=978-0-333-98363-8}}
• {{cite book|last=Frus |first=Phyllis |chapter=Borrowing a Melody: Jane Campion’s "The Piano" and Intertextuality |title=Beyond Adaptation: Essays on Radical Transformations of Original Works |editor-last1=Frus |editor-first1=Phyllis |editor-last2=Williams |editor-first2=Christy |publisher=McFarland |year=2010 |isbn=978-0786442232}}
• {{cite journal|last=Gillett |first=Sue |title=Lips and fingers: Jane Campion's "The Piano" |journal=Screen |year=1995 |volume=36 |issue=3 |pages=277–287 |doi=10.1093/screen/36.3.277}}
• {{cite journal|last=Hazel |first=Valerie |title=Disjointed Articulations: The Politics of Voice and Jane Campion's "The Piano" |journal=Women's Studies Journal |volume=10 |number=2 |year=1994 |page=27 |url= https://www.proquest.com/openview/03512487898e81df3fc006062d6ca158/1.pdf?pq-origsite=gscholar&cbl=1816886}}
• {{cite journal|last=Hendershot |first=Cyndy |title=(Re) Visioning the Gothic: Jane Campion's "The Piano" |journal=Literature/Film Quarterly |volume=26 |number=2 |year=1998 |pages=97–108 |jstor=43796833 |url= https://www.jstor.org/stable/43796833}}
• {{cite journal|last=Izod |first=John |title=The Piano, the Animus, and the Colonial Experience |journal=Journal of Analytical Psychology |volume=41 |number=1 |year=1996 |pages=117–136 |doi=10.1111/j.1465-5922.1996.00117.x|pmid=8851259 }}
• {{cite journal|last=Jacobs |first=Carol |author-link=Carol Jacobs (academic) |title=Playing Jane Campion's Piano: Politically |journal=Modern Language Notes |volume=109 |date=December 1994 |pages=757–785}}
• {{cite news|last=James |first=Caryn |author-link=Caryn James |title=A Distinctive Shade of Darkness |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1993/11/28/movies/a-distinctive-shade-of-darkness.html |newspaper=The New York Times |date=November 28, 1993 |access-date=July 19, 2023}}
• {{cite journal|last=Jayamanne |first=Laleen |title=Post-colonial gothic: the narcissistic wound of Jane Campion's "The Piano" |journal=Toward Cinema and Its Double: Cross-cultural Mimesis |publisher=Indiana University Press |year=2001 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Rrz4ZVsOFEAC&pg=PA24 |pages=24–48 |isbn=978-0253214751}}
• {{cite journal|last=Jolly |first=Margaret |title=Looking Back? Gender, Sexuality and Race in "The Piano" |journal=Australian Feminist Studies |volume=24 |number=59 |year=2009 |pages=99–121 |doi=10.1080/08164640802680627|hdl=1885/31897 |s2cid=143160100 |hdl-access=free }}
• {{cite journal|last=Klinger |first=Barbara |title=Contested Endings: Interpreting The Piano{{'}}s (1993) Final Scenes |year=2003 |journal=Film Moments: Criticism, History, Theory |pages=135–39}}
• {{cite journal|last=Klinger |first=Barbara |title=The art film, affect and the female viewer: "The Piano" revisited |journal=Screen |volume=47 |number=1 |year=2006 |pages=19–41 |doi=10.1093/screen/hjl002|doi-access=free }}
• {{cite book|last=Molina |first=Caroline |chapter=Muteness and mutilation: the aesthetics of disability in Jane Campion’s "The Piano" |title=The Body and Physical Difference: Discourses of Disability |year=1997 |publisher=University of Michigan Press |pages=267–282 |isbn=978-0472066599}}
• {{cite journal|last=Najita |first=Susan Yukie |title=Family Resemblances: The Construction of Pakeha History in Jane Campion's "The Piano" |journal=ARIEL: A Review of International English Literature |volume=32 |number=1 |year=2001 |url=https://journalhosting.ucalgary.ca/index.php/ariel/article/view/34397}}
• {{cite journal|last=Norgrove |first=Aaron |title=But is it music? The crisis of identity in "The Piano" |journal=Race & Class|volume=40 |number=1 |year=1998 |pages=47–56 |doi=10.1177/030639689804000104|s2cid=143485321 }}
• {{cite journal|last=Pflueger |first=Pennie |title=The Piano and Female Subjectivity: Kate Chopin's "The Awakening" (1899) and Jane Campion's "The Piano" (1993) |journal=Women's Studies |volume=44 |number=4 |year=2015 |pages=468–498 |doi=10.1080/00497878.2015.1013213|s2cid=142988458 }}
• {{cite journal|last=Preis-Smith |first=Agata |title=Was Ada McGrath a Cyborg, or, the Post-human Concept of the Female Artist in Jane Campion's "The Piano" |journal=Acta Philologica |year=2009 |page=21 |url=https://acta.wn.uw.edu.pl/api/files/view/1811454.pdf}}
• {{cite journal|last=Reid |first=Mark A. |title=A few black keys and Maori tattoos: Re-reading Jane Campion's the piano in PostNegritude time |journal=Quarterly Review of Film & Video |volume=17 |number=2 |year=2000 |pages=107–116 |doi=10.1080/10509200009361484|s2cid=191617268 }}
• {{cite journal|last=Riu |first=Carmen Pérez |title=Two Gothic Feminist Texts: Emily Brontë's "Wuthering Heights" and the Film "The Piano" by Jane Campion |journal=Atlantis |year=2000 |pages=163–173 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/28049912}}
• {{cite book|last=Sklarew |first=Bruce H. |chapter=I Have Not Spoken: Silence in "The Piano" |title=Psychoanalysis and Film |editor-last1=Gabbard |editor-first1=Glen O. |pages=115–120 |publisher=Routledge |year=2018 |isbn=978-0429478703}}
• {{cite book|last=Taylor |first=Lib |editor-first1=Jonathan |editor-last1=Bignell |chapter=Inscription in "The Piano" |title=Writing and Cinema |pages=88–101 |publisher=Routledge |year=2014 |doi= 10.4324/9781315839325 |isbn=978-1315839325}}
• {{cite journal|last=Thornley |first=Davinia |title=Duel or Duet? Gendered Nationalism in "The Piano" |journal=Film Criticism |volume=24 |number=3 |year=2000 |pages=61–76 |jstor=44019061 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/44019061}}
• {{cite journal|last=Williams |first=Donald |title=The Piano: The Isolated, Constricted Self |journal=Film Commentaries |year=2013 |url=https://jungpage.org/learn/articles/film-reviews/730-the-piano-the-isolated-constricted-self}}
• {{cite journal|last=Wrye |first=Harriet Kimble |title=Tuning a clinical ear to the ambiguous chords of Jane Campion's "The Piano" |journal=Psychoanalytic Inquiry |volume=18 |number=2 |year=1998 |pages=168–182 |doi=10.1080/07351699809534182}}
• {{cite journal|last=Zarzosa |first=Agustin |title=Jane Campion's The Piano: melodrama as mode of exchange |journal=New Review of Film and Television Studies |volume=8 |number=4 |year=2010 |pages=396–411 |doi=10.1080/17400309.2010.514664|s2cid=191596093 }}

{{refend}}

{{wikiquote}}

• {{IMDb title|0107822}}
• {{TCMDb title|86647}}
• {{mojo title|piano|The Piano}}
• {{rotten-tomatoes|piano|The Piano}}
• {{Metacritic film|title=The Piano}}
• [http://www.ozmovies.com.au/movie/piano The Piano] at [http://www.ozmovies.com.au Ozmovies]
• [https://www.criterion.com/current/posts/7669-the-piano-gothic-gone-south The Piano: Gothic Gone South] an essay by Carmen Gray at the Criterion Collection

{{Jane Campion}}

{{Navboxes

|title = Awards for The Piano

|list =

{{Australian Film Institute Award for Best Film 1990-2009}}

{{AACTAAward BestMusicScore 1980-1999}}

{{Palme d'Or}}

{{César Award for Best Foreign Film}}

{{Chicago Film Critics Association Award for Best Foreign Language Film}}

{{Guldbagge Award Best Foreign Film}}

{{Independent Spirit Award for Best International Film}}

{{London Film Critics Circle Award for Film of the Year}}

}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Piano}}

Category:1993 films

Category:1993 romantic drama films

Category:1993 independent films

Category:Films about adultery

Category:Australian romantic drama films

Category:French romantic drama films

Category:New Zealand romantic drama films

Category:Māori-language films

Category:British Sign Language films

Category:Fictional elective mutes

Category:Films directed by Jane Campion

Category:Best Foreign Film César Award winners

Category:1990s feminist films

Category:Films about disability

Category:Films featuring a Best Actress Academy Award–winning performance

Category:Films featuring a Best Drama Actress Golden Globe–winning performance

Category:Films featuring a Best Supporting Actress Academy Award–winning performance

Category:Films set in New Zealand

Category:Films set in the 1850s

Category:Films set in the British Empire

Category:Films about pianos and pianists

Category:Films set on beaches

Category:Films shot in New Zealand

Category:Films whose writer won the Best Original Screenplay Academy Award

Category:1990s historical romance films

Category:New Zealand independent films

Category:BAFTA winners (films)

Category:Independent Spirit Award for Best Foreign Film winners

Category:Best Foreign Film Guldbagge Award winners

Category:Palme d'Or winners

Category:Romantic period films

Category:Ciby 2000 films

Category:Australian historical romance films

Category:New Zealand historical romance films

Category:Australian independent films

Category:French historical romance films

Category:French independent films

Category:Films scored by Michael Nyman

Category:Films about Māori people

Category:Films about mother–daughter relationships

Category:Films about sexual repression

Category:1990s English-language films

Category:1990s French films

Category:1990s New Zealand films

Category:English-language French films

Category:Buena Vista International films

Category:Roadshow Entertainment films

Category:BAC Films films

Category:English-language independent films

Category:English-language romantic drama films

Category:English-language historical romance films