Thyroid hormone receptor alpha

The protein encoded by this gene is a nuclear hormone receptor for triiodothyronine. It is one of the several receptors for thyroid hormone, and has been shown to mediate the biological activities of thyroid hormone. Knockout studies in mice suggest that the different receptors, while having certain extent of redundancy, may mediate different functions of thyroid hormone. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been reported.{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: THRA thyroid hormone receptor, alpha (erythroblastic leukemia viral (v-erb-a) oncogene homolog, avian)| url = https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=7067}}

== Role in pathology==

Mutations of the THRA gene may cause nongoitrous congenital hypothyroidism-6, a subtype of congenital hypothyroidism.

THR1 has been shown to interact with:

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• COPS2,{{cite journal | vauthors = Dressel U, Thormeyer D, Altincicek B, Paululat A, Eggert M, Schneider S, Tenbaum SP, Renkawitz R, Baniahmad A | title = Alien, a highly conserved protein with characteristics of a corepressor for members of the nuclear hormone receptor superfamily | journal = Molecular and Cellular Biology | volume = 19 | issue = 5 | pages = 3383–94 | date = May 1999 | pmid = 10207062 | pmc = 84131 | doi = 10.1128/mcb.19.5.3383}}
• EP300,
• ITGB3BP,{{cite journal | vauthors = Li D, Wang F, Samuels HH | title = Domain structure of the NRIF3 family of coregulators suggests potential dual roles in transcriptional regulation | journal = Molecular and Cellular Biology | volume = 21 | issue = 24 | pages = 8371–84 | date = Dec 2001 | pmid = 11713274 | pmc = 100002 | doi = 10.1128/MCB.21.24.8371-8384.2001 }}{{cite journal | vauthors = Li D, Desai-Yajnik V, Lo E, Schapira M, Abagyan R, Samuels HH | title = NRIF3 is a novel coactivator mediating functional specificity of nuclear hormone receptors | journal = Molecular and Cellular Biology | volume = 19 | issue = 10 | pages = 7191–202 | date = Oct 1999 | pmid = 10490654 | pmc = 84712 | doi = 10.1128/mcb.19.10.7191}}
• MED1,{{cite journal | vauthors = Yuan CX, Ito M, Fondell JD, Fu ZY, Roeder RG | title = The TRAP220 component of a thyroid hormone receptor- associated protein (TRAP) coactivator complex interacts directly with nuclear receptors in a ligand-dependent fashion | journal = Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America | volume = 95 | issue = 14 | pages = 7939–44 | date = Jul 1998 | pmid = 9653119 | pmc = 20908 | doi = 10.1073/pnas.95.14.7939 | bibcode = 1998PNAS...95.7939Y | doi-access = free }}
• MED6,
• MED12,
• MED16,{{cite journal | vauthors = Ito M, Yuan CX, Malik S, Gu W, Fondell JD, Yamamura S, Fu ZY, Zhang X, Qin J, Roeder RG | title = Identity between TRAP and SMCC complexes indicates novel pathways for the function of nuclear receptors and diverse mammalian activators | journal = Molecular Cell | volume = 3 | issue = 3 | pages = 361–70 | date = Mar 1999 | pmid = 10198638 | doi = 10.1016/S1097-2765(00)80463-3 | doi-access = free }}
• MEF2A,{{cite journal | vauthors = De Luca A, Severino A, De Paolis P, Cottone G, De Luca L, De Falco M, Porcellini A, Volpe M, Condorelli G | title = p300/cAMP-response-element-binding-protein ('CREB')-binding protein (CBP) modulates co-operation between myocyte enhancer factor 2A (MEF2A) and thyroid hormone receptor-retinoid X receptor | journal = The Biochemical Journal | volume = 369 | issue = Pt 3 | pages = 477–84 | date = Feb 2003 | pmid = 12371907 | pmc = 1223100 | doi = 10.1042/BJ20020057 }}
• NCOA6,{{cite journal | vauthors = Lee SK, Anzick SL, Choi JE, Bubendorf L, Guan XY, Jung YK, Kallioniemi OP, Kononen J, Trent JM, Azorsa D, Jhun BH, Cheong JH, Lee YC, Meltzer PS, Lee JW | title = A nuclear factor, ASC-2, as a cancer-amplified transcriptional coactivator essential for ligand-dependent transactivation by nuclear receptors in vivo | journal = The Journal of Biological Chemistry | volume = 274 | issue = 48 | pages = 34283–93 | date = Nov 1999 | pmid = 10567404 | doi = 10.1074/jbc.274.48.34283 | doi-access = free }}{{cite journal | vauthors = Lee SK, Na SY, Jung SY, Choi JE, Jhun BH, Cheong J, Meltzer PS, Lee YC, Lee JW | title = Activating protein-1, nuclear factor-kappaB, and serum response factor as novel target molecules of the cancer-amplified transcription coactivator ASC-2 | journal = Molecular Endocrinology | volume = 14 | issue = 6 | pages = 915–25 | date = Jun 2000 | pmid = 10847592 | doi = 10.1210/mend.14.6.0471 | doi-access = free }}
• TRIP11,{{cite journal | vauthors = Chang KH, Chen Y, Chen TT, Chou WH, Chen PL, Ma YY, Yang-Feng TL, Leng X, Tsai MJ, O'Malley BW, Lee WH |author9-link=Ming-Jer Tsai | title = A thyroid hormone receptor coactivator negatively regulated by the retinoblastoma protein | journal = Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America | volume = 94 | issue = 17 | pages = 9040–5 | date = Aug 1997 | pmid = 9256431 | pmc = 23019 | doi = 10.1073/pnas.94.17.9040 | bibcode = 1997PNAS...94.9040C | doi-access = free }} and
• UBC.{{cite journal | vauthors = Tan F, Lu L, Cai Y, Wang J, Xie Y, Wang L, Gong Y, Xu BE, Wu J, Luo Y, Qiang B, Yuan J, Sun X, Peng X | title = Proteomic analysis of ubiquitinated proteins in normal hepatocyte cell line Chang liver cells | journal = Proteomics | volume = 8 | issue = 14 | pages = 2885–96 | date = Jul 2008 | pmid = 18655026 | doi = 10.1002/pmic.200700887 | s2cid = 25586938 }}

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{{reflist}}

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• {{cite journal | vauthors = Sakurai A, Bell GI, DeGroot LJ | title = Dinucleotide repeat polymorphism in the human thyroid hormone receptor alpha gene (THRA1) on chromosome 17 | journal = Human Molecular Genetics | volume = 1 | issue = 7 | pages = 553 | date = Oct 1992 | pmid = 1307263 | doi = 10.1093/hmg/1.7.553-a }}
• {{cite journal | vauthors = Berrodin TJ, Marks MS, Ozato K, Linney E, Lazar MA | title = Heterodimerization among thyroid hormone receptor, retinoic acid receptor, retinoid X receptor, chicken ovalbumin upstream promoter transcription factor, and an endogenous liver protein | journal = Molecular Endocrinology | volume = 6 | issue = 9 | pages = 1468–78 | date = Sep 1992 | doi = 10.1210/mend.6.9.1331778 | pmid = 1331778 | s2cid = 24291055 | doi-access = free }}
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• {{cite journal | vauthors = Yen PM, Sunday ME, Darling DS, Chin WW | title = Isoform-specific thyroid hormone receptor antibodies detect multiple thyroid hormone receptors in rat and human pituitaries | journal = Endocrinology | volume = 130 | issue = 3 | pages = 1539–46 | date = Mar 1992 | doi = 10.1210/endo.130.3.1537303 | pmid = 1537303 }}
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• {{cite journal | vauthors = Sap J, Muñoz A, Damm K, Goldberg Y, Ghysdael J, Leutz A, Beug H, Vennström B | title = The c-erb-A protein is a high-affinity receptor for thyroid hormone | journal = Nature | volume = 324 | issue = 6098 | pages = 635–40 | year = 1987 | pmid = 2879242 | doi = 10.1038/324635a0 | s2cid = 4353175 }}
• {{cite journal | vauthors = Nakai A, Seino S, Sakurai A, Szilak I, Bell GI, DeGroot LJ | title = Characterization of a thyroid hormone receptor expressed in human kidney and other tissues | journal = Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America | volume = 85 | issue = 8 | pages = 2781–5 | date = Apr 1988 | pmid = 3357890 | pmc = 280083 | doi = 10.1073/pnas.85.8.2781 | bibcode = 1988PNAS...85.2781N | doi-access = free }}
• {{cite journal | vauthors = Mitelman F, Manolov G, Manolova Y, Billström R, Heim S, Kristoffersson U, Mandahl N, Ferro MT, San Roman C | title = High resolution chromosome analysis of constitutional and acquired t(15;17) maps c-erbA to subband 17q11.2 | journal = Cancer Genetics and Cytogenetics | volume = 22 | issue = 2 | pages = 95–8 | date = Jun 1986 | pmid = 3458521 | doi = 10.1016/0165-4608(86)90168-8 }}
• {{cite journal | vauthors = Benbrook D, Pfahl M | title = A novel thyroid hormone receptor encoded by a cDNA clone from a human testis library | journal = Science | volume = 238 | issue = 4828 | pages = 788–91 | date = Nov 1987 | pmid = 3672126 | doi = 10.1126/science.3672126 | bibcode = 1987Sci...238..788B }}
• {{cite journal | vauthors = Pfahl M, Benbrook D | title = Nucleotide sequence of cDNA encoding a novel human thyroid hormone receptor | journal = Nucleic Acids Research | volume = 15 | issue = 22 | pages = 9613 | date = Nov 1987 | pmid = 3684612 | pmc = 306505 | doi = 10.1093/nar/15.22.9613 }}
• {{cite journal | vauthors = Chen JD, Evans RM | title = A transcriptional co-repressor that interacts with nuclear hormone receptors | journal = Nature | volume = 377 | issue = 6548 | pages = 454–7 | date = Oct 1995 | pmid = 7566127 | doi = 10.1038/377454a0 | bibcode = 1995Natur.377..454C | s2cid = 4361329 }}
• {{cite journal | vauthors = Desai-Yajnik V, Hadzic E, Modlinger P, Malhotra S, Gechlik G, Samuels HH | title = Interactions of thyroid hormone receptor with the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) long terminal repeat and the HIV-1 Tat transactivator | journal = Journal of Virology | volume = 69 | issue = 8 | pages = 5103–12 | date = Aug 1995 | pmid = 7609079 | pmc = 189328 | doi = 10.1128/JVI.69.8.5103-5112.1995}}
• {{cite journal | vauthors = Lee JW, Choi HS, Gyuris J, Brent R, Moore DD | title = Two classes of proteins dependent on either the presence or absence of thyroid hormone for interaction with the thyroid hormone receptor | journal = Molecular Endocrinology | volume = 9 | issue = 2 | pages = 243–54 | date = Feb 1995 | doi = 10.1210/mend.9.2.7776974 | pmid = 7776974 | doi-access = free }}
• {{cite journal | vauthors = Desai-Yajnik V, Samuels HH | title = Regulation of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 long terminal repeat: interactions of thyroid hormone receptor with retinoid-X receptor, nuclear factor kappa B, Sp1, and Tat | journal = Transactions of the Association of American Physicians | volume = 106 | pages = 13–32 | year = 1994 | pmid = 8036737 }}

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{{Transcription factors|g2}}

{{Thyroid hormone receptor modulators}}

Category:Intracellular receptors

Category:Transcription factors