Tiffany glass#Types
{{Short description|Glass developed by Tiffany Studios in New York City by Louis Comfort Tiffany and others}}
File:Girl with Cherry Blossoms - Tiffany Glass & Decorating Company, c. 1890.JPG painting of the face, drapery glass for the dress, opalescent glass for the blossoms, streaky glass in the border, fracture-streamer glass in the background and what may be iridescent glass in the beads.]]
File:Caxton 1.jpg triptych, completed in 1898 as a gift from Southport's Wakeman Family. Shows tree of Knowledge, as well as early printers William Caxton and Aldus Manutius |386x386px]]
Tiffany glass refers to the many and varied types of glass developed and produced from 1878 to 1929–1930 at the Tiffany Studios in New York City, by Louis Comfort Tiffany and a team of other designers, including Clara Driscoll,{{cite news| last = Taylor | first = Kate| title = Tiffany's Secret Is Over
| newspaper= New York Sun | date = February 13, 2007| url = http://www.nysun.com/arts/tiffanys-secret-is-over/48495/| access-date = 2009-11-16}}{{cite news| last = Kastner | first = Jeffrey| title = Out of Tiffany's Shadow, a Woman of Light | newspaper = The New York Times| date = February 25, 2007| url = https://www.nytimes.com/2007/02/25/arts/design/25kast.html?pagewanted=print| access-date = 2009-11-16}} Agnes F. Northrop,McGreevy, Nora, [https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/after-100-years-obscurity-brilliant-tiffany-stained-glass-window-shine-chicago-180977850/ Stunning Tiffany Stained Glass Debuts After 100 Years of Obscurity], Smithsonian Magazine, May 28, 2021 and Frederick Wilson.
In 1865, Tiffany traveled to Europe, and in London he visited the Victoria and Albert Museum, whose extensive collection of Roman and Syrian glass made a deep impression on him. He admired the coloration of medieval glass and was convinced that the quality of contemporary glass could be improved upon because the production of art glass in America during this time was not close to what Europeans were creating. In his own words, the "Rich tones are due in part to the use of pot metal full of impurities, and in part to the uneven thickness of the glass, but still more because the glass maker of that day abstained from the use of paint".
Tiffany was an interior designer, and in 1878 his interest turned toward the creation of stained glass, when he opened his own studio and glass foundry because he was unable to find the types of glass that he desired in interior decoration. His inventiveness both as a designer of windows and as a producer of the material with which to create them was to become renowned.{{cite book | last1 = Lee | first1 = Lawrence | last2 = Seddon | first2 = George | last3 = Stephens | first3 = Francis | title = Stained Glass | year = 1976 | publisher = Spring Books | isbn = 0-600-56281-6}} Tiffany wanted the glass itself to transmit texture and rich colors and he developed a type of glass he called "Favrile".
Tiffany Studios
{{Main|Louis Comfort Tiffany}}
{{Main|Roman Bronze Works}}
{{Main|General Bronze Corporation}}
The favrile, or "fabrile" glass was manufactured at the Tiffany factory located at 96–18 43rd Avenue in the Corona section of Queens{{cite news | author = Staff | date = June 14, 2013 | url = http://forgotten-ny.com/2013/03/r-i-p-tiffany-studios-corona/ | title = R.I.P. Tiffany Studios, Corona | newspaper = Forgotten New York}} from 1901 to 1932. Today, the Louis Tiffany School or New York City's [https://www.ps110q.org/ P.S. (public school) 110Q], is now built on the old site.
=Closing=
The closing of the factory has been a matter of some controversy. Tiffany's glass fell out of favor in the 1910s, and by the 1920s a foundry had been installed for a separate bronze company. Tiffany's leadership and talent, as well as his father's money and old firm allowed Tiffany to relaunch Tiffany studios as a marketing strategy in order for his business to thrive. In 1932, Tiffany Studios filed for bankruptcy. Ownership of the complex passed back to the original owners of the factory — the Roman Bronze Works — which had served as a subcontractor to Tiffany for many years."{{cite web |title=A Chronology of Louis C. Tiffany and Tiffany Studios |url=https://www.tiffanystudios.org/tiffany-chronology.html |website=Tiffany Studios |access-date=17 December 2023}}{{cite web |title=Tiffany Studios |url=https://morsemuseum.org/louis-comfort-tiffany/tiffany-studios/ |website=The Charles Hosmer Morse Museum of American Art |access-date=17 December 2023}}{{cite web |title=Roman Bronze Works |url=https://www.cartermuseum.org/artists/roman-bronze-works |website=Amon Carter Museum of American Art |publisher=Carter Museum |access-date=23 December 2023 |language=English}} John Polachek, founder of the General Bronze Corporation —who had worked at the Tiffany Studios earlier— purchased the Roman Bronze Works (the old Tiffany Studios).{{cite news |last1=Erler |first1=Diana |title=Creating a New Bronze Age |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-brooklyn-daily-eagle/55230082/ |access-date=28 December 2023 |work=The Brooklyn Daily Eagle |date=19 August 1928 |pages=75}}{{cite news |title=BRONZE CORPORATION BUYS TIFFANY STUDIOS; John Polachek Again in Control of Metal Working Plant Which He Once Managed. |url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1928/01/31/issue.html |access-date=29 December 2023 |agency=The New York Times |issue=Business & Finance |publisher=The New York Times Publishing |date=31 January 1928}} General Bronze then became the largest bronze fabricator in New York City formed through the merger of his own companies and Tiffany's Corona factory.{{cite news |title=John Polachek, An Industrialist |url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1955/04/18/93802563.pdf?pdf_redirect=true&ip=0 |access-date=18 December 2023 |work=The New York Times |date=18 April 1955 |location=Obituaries |pages=22 |quote=In 1903, he became a supervisor of bronze manufacturing for Tiffany Studios. Founder of General Bronze Corporation Dies – Products Adorn Leading Buildings}} Louis Tiffany subsequently died in 1933.
Types
=Opalescent glass=
File:Willard Mansion Tiffany detail.jpg
The term "opalescent glass" is commonly used to describe glass where more than one color is present, being fused during the manufacture, as against flashed glass in which two colors may be laminated, or silver stained glass where a solution of silver nitrate is superficially applied, turning red glass to orange and blue glass to green. Some opalescent glass was used by several stained glass studios in England from the 1860s and 1870s onwards, notably Heaton, Butler and Bayne. Its use became increasingly common. Opalescent glass is the basis for the range of glasses created by Tiffany.The use of the term opalescent is actually a misnomer. Opalescence actually refers to the quality of changing color under transmitted light, rather than the quality of having several colors present. A rare example of true opalescent glass is the Roman Lycurgus cup in the British Museum
In addition opalescent glass comes in three main types. The first type is exemplified by blue-tinged semi-opaque or clear glass with milky opalescence in the center, seen in creations by Lalique, Sabino, and Jobling's. This effect is achieved through slower cooling, causing crystallization. The glass glows golden when backlit and a beautiful blue when front-lit. Many French companies in the 1920s and 1930s, such as Lalique and Sabino, produced opalescent art deco pieces. The second type features a milky white edge or raised pattern on colored pressed glass. Reheating sections during the cooling process turns them white, creating a decorative effect. This method was employed by various companies, including Barolac in Bohemia, Joblings in England, and Val St Lambert in Belgium. The third type involves hand-blown glass with two layers, containing heat-reactive components like bone ash. The glass is blown into a mold with a raised pattern, and reheating turns the heat-sensitive glass milky white, creating a contrasting silhouette against the clear background (for more information [https://www.glassencyclopedia.com/opalescentglass.html]).
=Favrile glass=
{{main|Favrile glass}}
File:Louis comfort tiffany, opalescent gass 01.JPG
Tiffany patented Favrile glass in 1892. Favrile glass often has a distinctive characteristic that is common in some glass from Classical antiquity: it possesses a superficial iridescence. This iridescence causes the surface to shimmer, but also causes a degree of opacity. This iridescent effect of the glass was obtained by mixing different colors of glass together while hot.
{{Quote box|quote = Favrile glass is distinguished by brilliant or deeply toned colors, usually iridescent like the wings of certain American butterflies, the necks of pigeons and peacocks, the wing covers of various beetles.|author = Louis C. Tiffany|width = 50%|align = left|bgcolor = beige|qalign = center}}
=Streamer glass=
Streamer glass refers to a sheet of glass with a pattern of glass strings affixed to its surface. Tiffany made use of such textured glass to represent, for example, twigs, branches and grass. Streamers are prepared from very hot molten glass, gathered at the end of a punty (pontil) that is rapidly swung back and forth and stretched into long, thin strings that rapidly cool and harden. These hand-stretched streamers are pressed on the molten surface of sheet glass during the rolling process, and become permanently fused.
=Fracture glass=
Fracture glass refers to a sheet of glass with a pattern of irregularly shaped, thin glass wafers affixed to its surface. Tiffany made use of such textured glass to represent, for example, foliage seen from a distance.
The irregular glass wafers, called fractures, are prepared from very hot, colored molten glass, gathered at the end of a blowpipe. A large bubble is forcefully blown until the walls of the bubble rapidly stretch, cool and harden. The resulting glass bubble has paper-thin walls and is immediately shattered into shards. These hand blown shards are pressed on the surface of the molten glass sheet during the rolling process, to which they become permanently fused.
=Fracture-streamer glass=
File:fracturestreamerglass.jpg
Fracture-streamer glass refers to a sheet of glass with a pattern of glass strings, and irregularly shaped, thin glass wafers, affixed to its surface. Tiffany made use of such textured glass to represent, for example, twigs, branches and grass, and distant foliage. The process is as above except that both streamers and fractures are applied to sheet glass during the rolling process.
=Ring mottle glass=
Ring mottle glass refers to sheet glass with a pronounced mottle created by localized, heat-treated opacification and crystal-growth dynamics. Ring mottle glass was invented by Tiffany in the early 20th century. Tiffany's distinctive style exploited glass containing a variety of motifs such as those found in ring mottle glass, and he relied minimally on painted details.
When Tiffany Studio closed in 1929–1930, the secret formula for making ring mottle glass was forgotten and lost. Ring mottle glass was re-discovered in the late sixties by Eric Lovell of Uroboros Glass.{{cite web | url = http://www.uroboros.com/products.php?section=2&category=211 | title = Ring Mottle Opalescent Sheet Glass | work = Uroboros Glass | publisher = Uroboros Glass Studios, Inc. | access-date = July 19, 2017}} Traditionally used for organic details on leaves and other natural elements, ring mottles also find a place in contemporary work when abstract patterns are desired.
=Ripple glass=
{{main|Rippled glass}}
File:herringbonerippleglass.jpg
Ripple glass refers to textured glass with marked surface waves. Tiffany made use of such textured glass to represent, for example, water or leaf veins. The texture is created during the glass sheet-forming process. A sheet is formed from molten glass with a roller that spins on itself while travelling forward. Normally the roller spins at the same speed as its own forward motion, much like a steam roller flattening tarmac, and the resulting sheet has a smooth surface. In the manufacture of rippled glass, the roller spins faster than its own forward motion. The rippled effect is retained as the glass cools.
=Drapery glass=
File:draperyglassmagnoliashadehorizontal.jpg
Drapery glass refers to a sheet of heavily folded glass that suggests fabric folds. Tiffany made abundant use of drapery glass in ecclesiastical stained glass windows to add a 3-dimensional effect to flowing robes and angel wings, and to imitate the natural coarseness of magnolia petals. The making of drapery glass requires skill and experience. A small diameter hand-held roller is manipulated forcefully over a sheet of molten glass to produce heavy ripples, while folding and creasing the entire sheet. The ripples become rigid and permanent as the glass cools. Each sheet produced from this artisanal process is unique.
Cutting techniques
In order to cut streamer, fracture or ripple glass, the sheet may be scored on the side without streamers, fractures or ripples with a carbide glass cutter, and broken at the score line with breaker-grozier pliers.
In order to cut drapery glass, the sheet may be placed on styrofoam, scored with a carbide glass cutter, and broken at the score line with breaker-grozier pliers, but a bandsaw or ringsaw are the preferred.
Locations and collections
File:WLA ima Angel of the Resurrection.jpg's work in the First Presbyterian Church, Indianapolis (1905)]]
File:Spring panel from the Four Seasons leaded-glass window by Louis Comfort Tiffany.jpg.]]
File:Bella apartment window by Louis Comfort Tiffany, c. 1880, Metropolitan Museum of Art.JPG]]
File:Studi tiffany, vetrate con alba nella foresta a primavera e tramonto autunnale, 1905.JPG]]
File:CalgaryUnitedMethodistPittsburghTiffanny.jpg's Calvary United Methodist Church ]]
=Stained glass ''in situ''=
- Canada
- Ontario
- London – St Paul's Cathedral, four windows, two signed by Tiffany
- Quebec
- Montreal – Montreal Museum of Fine Arts, Bourgie Pavilion (formerly Erskine and American United Church), twenty windows signed by Tiffany
- Mexico
- Mexico City – Palacio de Bellas ArtesStage "curtain" which is a stained glass foldable panel created out of nearly a million pieces of iridescent colored glass by Tiffany's in New York.{{Cite web |title=El telón de cristal del Palacio de Bellas Artes, joya única en el mundo |url=https://inba.gob.mx/prensa/13018/el-telon-de-cristal-del-palacio-de-bellas-artes-joya-unica-en-el-mundo |access-date=2025-02-05 |website=INBAL - Instituto Nacional de Bellas Artes y Literatura |language=es}}
- Mexico City – Gran Hotel Ciudad de México{{Cite web |last=Ochoa |first=Andrea |date=2020-12-14 |title=La historia del vitral Tiffany del Gran Hotel de la Ciudad de México |url=https://www.admagazine.com/gran-diseno/la-historia-del-vitral-tiffany-del-gran-hotel-de-la-ciudad-de-mexico-20201214-7822-articulos |access-date=2025-02-05 |website=Architectural Digest |language=es-MX}}
- Scotland
- Aberdeenshire – St Peter's Kirk, Fyvie
- Dunfermline – Dunfermline Abbey
- Edinburgh – Parish Church of Saint Cuthbert
- United States
- Alabama
- Mobile – Christ Church Cathedral
- Arizona
- Douglas – Gadsden Hotel
- California
- Vallejo – St. Peter's Chapel, Mare Island, 25 windows by Tiffany{{cite web |title=Tiffany Census: St. Peter's Chapel, Mare Island, Vallejo, California |url=https://www.cambridge2000.com/tiffany/html/site/6.2.1.html |website=cambridge2000.com |access-date=20 August 2024}}
- Colorado
- Colorado Springs – First United Methodist Church
- Connecticut
- Southport
- Pequot Library Association
- Hartford
- First Church of Christ and Ancient Burial Ground
- Mark Twain House
- New London
- St. James Episcopal Church
- New Haven –
- Center Church on the Green{{cite web | url = http://centerchurchonthegreen.org/history/architecture/ | title = Tiffany Stained Glass Window | work = Center Church on the Green | access-date = July 19, 2017}}
- Trinity Lutheran Church{{cite web | url = http://trinitylutherannh.org/architecture.html | title = Architecture & History | work = Trinity Lutheran Church | date = 2004 | quote = A lavish stained glass window by Louis Comfort Tiffany, which pictures Jesus and a young child, was installed in 1916. | access-date = 2016-06-21 | archive-date = 2021-11-29 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20211129022022/https://trinitylutherannh.org/architecture.html | url-status = dead }}
- Florida
- St. Augustine – Flagler College
- Georgia
- Atlanta – All Saints' Episcopal Church{{Cite web |url= https://allsaintsatlanta.org/who-we-are/campus/ |title= Campus |website= All Saints' Episcopal Church |access-date= July 19, 2017 |quote= When entering the church nave, a visitor is struck by the vibrancy of the red apse and the stained glass windows. Six of the nave and chapel windows were crafted by Tiffany studios. Windows in the chapel depict the creation story over the altar and scenes from the lives of biblical and contemporary saints on the side walls. |archive-date= September 21, 2020 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20200921003521/https://allsaintsatlanta.org/who-we-are/campus/ |url-status= dead }}
- Jekyll Island – Faith Chapel
- Macon – St. Paul's Episcopal Church
- Savannah – Gryphon Tea Room
- Thomasville – St. Thomas Episcopal Church
- Illinois
- Chicago –
- Macy's on State Street, formerly Marshall Field's
- Second Presbyterian Church on South Michigan Avenue
- Chicago Cultural Center
- Springfield – First Presbyterian Church
- Tinley Park – St. Andrew's Anglican Church{{cite web |title=Christ Reformed Episcopal Church, Chicago, Illinois |url=https://www.cambridge2000.com/tiffany/html/site/13.1.1.html |website=Tiffany Census |publisher=Cambridge 2000 |access-date=20 November 2023 |page=13.1.1}}
- Indiana
- Indianapolis – Second Presbyterian Church
- Richmond – Reid Center, formerly Reid Memorial Presbyterian Church
- Iowa
- Dubuque – St. Luke's United Methodist Church{{cite web | url = http://www.umc.org/who-we-are/methodist-history-tiffany-church-windows | title = Methodist History: Tiffany Church Windows | date = April 19, 2017 | publisher = The United Methodist Church | access-date = July 19, 2017}}
- Kansas
- Topeka – First Presbyterian Church
- Kentucky
- Covington – Trinity Episcopal Church{{cite web | url = http://www.trinitycovington.org/about-us/history | title = History | work = Trinity Episcopal Church, Covington, Kentucky | publisher = Trinity Episcopal Church of Covington Kentucky | access-date = July 19, 2017 | quote = Added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1982, Trinity contains a number of important works of art, including stained glass windows designed by the John Riordan Studio of Cincinnati as well as the St. Michael Archangel window created by the Louis Tiffany studio of New York. | archive-date = August 31, 2018 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180831161735/http://trinitycovington.org/about-us/history | url-status = dead }}
- Louisiana
- Baton Rouge - St. James Episcopal Church{{Cite web |title=Tiffany Census: St. James Episcopal Church, Baton Rouge, Louisiana |url=https://www.cambridge2000.com/tiffany/html/site/18.1.1.html#18.1.1.1.a |access-date=2025-02-03 |website=www.cambridge2000.com}}
- New Orleans – Tulane University{{cite news | url = http://news.tulane.edu/news/tiffany-windows-are-tulane-treasure | title = Tiffany windows are Tulane treasure | date = July 19, 2016 | first = Alicia | last = Duplessis Jasmin | work = Tulane University News | publisher = Tulane University}}
- Maine
- Portland – Masonic Temple{{Cite web |title=Our History |url=https://www.portlandmasonic.com/about.html |access-date=2022-06-09 |website=The Portland Masonic}}
- Maryland
- Baltimore – Brown Memorial Presbyterian Church
- Massachusetts
- Boston –
- Arlington Street Church
- Church of the Covenant
- Wellesley – Houghton Memorial Chapel at Wellesley College
- Nantucket – St. Pauls Episcopal Church{{Cite web|url=http://stpaulschurchnantucket.org/about/our-stained-glass-windows/|title=Our Stained Glass Windows {{!}} St. Paul's Church {{!}} Nantucket|website=stpaulschurchnantucket.org|access-date=2019-10-18|archive-date=2019-10-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191018144601/http://stpaulschurchnantucket.org/about/our-stained-glass-windows/|url-status=dead}}
- Michigan
- Ann Arbor –
- Unitarian Universalist Church (Hobbs & Black)
- Newberry Hall (Kelsey Museum of Archeology)
- Grand Rapids –
- Ladies Literary Club
- Temple Emanuel
- Marquette –
- The Resurrection Window, Morgan Chapel, St. Paul's Episcopal Church
- Minnesota
- Stillwater – [https://www.cambridge2000.com/tiffany/html/site/24.6.1.html Episcopal Church of the Ascension]
- Mississippi
- University – Ventress Hall at The University of Mississippi Tribute to the University Greys{{Cite web|url=https://libarts.olemiss.edu/university-greys-memorial-window-contextualization-plaque/|title=University Greys Memorial Window Contextualization Plaque Text|website=libarts.olemiss.edu|access-date=2023-04-11}}
- Missouri
- Kansas City – St. Mary's Episcopal Church
- Kirkwood – Grace Episcopal Church
- Clayton – Central Presbyterian Church
- New Hampshire
- Bretton Woods – Mount Washington Hotel
- New Jersey
- Hackensack – Second Reformed Church
- Maplewood – Morrow Memorial United Methodist Church
- New Brunswick – Kirkpatrick Chapel at Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey{{cite web | publisher = Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey | work = Rutgers – Kirkpatrick Chapel | url = http://www.kirkpatrickchapel.rutgers.edu/about/stained-glass-windows | title = Stained Glass Windows | access-date = 2 September 2013 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20131021022138/http://www.kirkpatrickchapel.rutgers.edu/about/stained-glass-windows | archive-date = 21 October 2013 }}{{cite news | last = Di Ionno | first = Mark | url = http://blog.nj.com/njv_mark_diionno/2012/08/di_ionno_at_historic_rutgers_c.html | title = Di Ionno: At historic Rutgers chapel, stained glass is still shining | newspaper = The Star-Ledger | date = 8 August 2012 | access-date = 2 September 2013 | location = New Brunswick, New Jersey}}
- New York
- Albany – First Presbyterian Church of Albany{{cite web | url = http://www.firstpresalbany.org/closer-look/closer-look.html | title = For a Closer Look | first = Tim | last = O'Toole | work = Our Windows | publisher = First Presbyterian Church of Albany | access-date = July 19, 2017 | archive-date = March 4, 2016 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160304065335/http://www.firstpresalbany.org/closer-look/closer-look.html | url-status = dead }}
- Albion – Pullman Memorial Universalist Church
- Auburn – Willard Chapel
- Bath – First Presbyterian Church
- Beacon – St. Andrew's Church {{cite web | url = http://beaconhistorical.org/bhs---blog.html#!/blog/posts/Opalescent-Stained-Glass-at-St.-Andrews-Church/37 | title = Opalescent Stained Glass at St. Andrew's Church | first = Robert | last = Murphy | publisher = Beacon Historical Society | date = April 7, 2018 | access-date = May 17, 2018 | archive-date = May 18, 2018 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180518055741/http://beaconhistorical.org/bhs---blog.html#!/blog/posts/Opalescent-Stained-Glass-at-St.-Andrews-Church/37 | url-status = dead }}
- Briarcliff Manor – Congregational Church{{citation | editor-first = Karen M. | editor-last = Sharman | title = Glory in Glass: A Celebration of the Briarcliff Congregational Church | publisher = privately printed | location = Briarcliff, New York | year = 1996}}
- Buffalo – St. Paul's Episcopal Cathedral {{cite web | url = https://exploringupstate.com/st-pauls-episcopal-cathedral-buffalo-new-york/ | title = Taking an Inside Tour of St. Paul's Episcopal Cathedral in Downtown Buffalo | first = Chris | last = Clemens | publisher = Exploring Upstate | date = June 25, 2014 | access-date = July 25, 2021}}
- Irvington –
- Irvington Presbyterian Church
- Irvington Town Hall – Clock face and reading room
- Lockport – First Presbyterian Church{{Cite web|url=http://1stpreslockport.org/tiffany-windows/|work=First Presbyterian Church |title= Tiffany Windows|access-date=June 13, 2016}}
- New York City –
- Brooklyn –
- Brown Memorial Baptist Church and church house{{cite news | url = http://untappedcities.com/2012/05/18/tiffany-stained-glass-at-the-brown-memorial-baptist-church/ | title = Brown Memorial Baptist Church, Brooklyn | newspaper = Untapped Cities | date = May 18, 2012 | first = Tara | last = Rasheed}}
- Flatbush Reformed Church and church house
- First Unitarian Congregational Society and Rev. Donald McKinney chapel
- Manhattan –
- Grand Central Terminal – {{convert|13|ft|m|adj=on}} clock face on south facade{{cite news|title=Secrets of NYC's Grand Central Terminal: Outdoor Tiffany Clock Up Close|url=http://blog.timesunion.com/travelgal/secrets-of-nycs-grand-central-terminal-tiffany-clock-upclose/7441/|newspaper=The Times Union|location=Albany, New York|access-date=June 23, 2017|first=Kim Stuart|last=Swidler|date=August 29, 2012|archive-date=April 3, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220403205404/https://blog.timesunion.com/travelgal/secrets-of-nycs-grand-central-terminal-tiffany-clock-upclose/7441/|url-status=dead}}Staff (ndg) [https://www.grandcentralterminal.com/what-to-see/ "What to See: Tiffany Clock & Park Avenue Viaduct"] Grand Central Terminal official websiteYoung, Michelle (October 15, 2014) [https://untappedcities.com/2014/10/15/inside-the-worlds-largest-tiffany-clock-at-grand-central-terminal/ "Inside the World's Largest Tiffany Clock at Grand Central Terminal"] Untapped New York{{Disputed inline|talk=Talk:Tiffany glass#Grand Central Terminal|date=March 2021}}
- West End Collegiate Church, West End Avenue
- St. Michael's Church, New York City, Amsterdam Avenue at 99th Street
- Holy Trinity Lutheran Church
- Roslyn – Trinity Episcopal Church{{cite web | url = http://www.trinityroslyn.org/history | title = Trinity Church History | work = Trinity Episcopal Church | access-date = July 19, 2017 | archive-date = July 22, 2017 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170722050020/http://www.trinityroslyn.org/history | url-status = dead }}
- Roxbury – Jay Gould Memorial Reformed Church
- Saugerties – St. Mary of the Snow, 36 Cedar Street
- Troy – Troy Public Library St. Joseph's Catholic Church – St. Paul's Episcopal Church
- Tuxedo Park – St. Mary's-in-Tuxedo Episcopal Church
- Garden City – St Paul's School, endangered glass{{cite news |author=Rikki N. Massand |url=https://www.gcnews.com/articles/preservationists-criticize-st-pauls-concept/ |title=Preservationists criticize St. Paul's concept |newspaper=Garden City News |date=7 September 2018 |access-date=October 20, 2019}}{{cite news |author=Rob Alvey |date=November 28, 2008 |title=Tiffany Studio Window At St. Paul's Confirmed |newspaper=Garden City News |url=https://www.gcnews.com/articles/tiffany-studio-window-at-st-pauls-confirmed/}}
- Washingtonville – Moffat Library
- Ohio
- Cleveland – Wade Memorial Chapel in Lake View Cemetery
- Dayton –
- Westminster Presbyterian Church, 125 N. Wilkinson Street{{cite web|work=Westminster Presbyterian Church|title=Te Deum Window|url=http://www.westminsterdayton.org/about/te-deum-window.html|access-date=10 August 2015|archive-date=21 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200121033054/http://westminsterdayton.org/about/te-deum-window.html|url-status=dead}}{{cite web|title=Te Deum Window|url=http://www.westminsterdayton.org/documents/recurring_files/Te_Deum_Window_Brochure.pdf|publisher=Westminster Presbyterian Church|location=Dayton, Ohio|access-date=10 August 2015|archive-date=6 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150906092455/http://www.westminsterdayton.org/documents/recurring_files/Te_Deum_Window_Brochure.pdf|url-status=dead}}
- Historic Woodland Cemetery & Arboretum, 118 Woodland Avenue{{cite web | work = Dayton Convention & Visitors Bureau | title = Woodland Cemetery & Arboretum | date = May 30, 2013 | first = Charlie | last = Campbell | url = http://www.daytoncvb.com/blog/post/woodland-cemetery-%26-arboretum/553841983587ab03b1145006/ | access-date = 10 August 2015 }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
- Pennsylvania
- Altoona – St. Lukes Episcopal Church
- Brownsville – Christ Church
- Erie –
- Cathedral of St. Paul
- First Presbyterian Church
- Franklin – St. John's Episcopal Church
- Franklin – Christ's Church{{cite news |last1=Himler |first1=Jeff |title=Christ's Church of Greensburg looks to future, holds on to tradition as bicentennial approaches |url=https://triblive.com/local/westmoreland/christs-church-of-greensburg-looks-to-future-holds-on-to-tradition-as-bicentennial-approaches/ |access-date=January 5, 2024 |work=TribLIVE |date=July 25, 2022}}
- Kittanning – Grace Presbyterian Church
- Lancaster – First Presbyterian Church
- Lewistown –
- St. Mark's Episcopal Church{{cite web | url = http://www.stmark-lewistown.org/ | title = You're Welcome | publisher = St. Mark's Episcopal Church }}{{failed verification|date=July 2017}}
- First United Methodist Church{{cite web | url = https://www.fumclewistown.org/ | title = Welcome | publisher = Lewistown First United Methodist Church }}{{failed verification|date=July 2017}}
- Montgomery Township – Robert Kennedy Memorial Presbyterian Church
- New Castle – St. Jude's Episcopal Church, formerly known as Trinity Episcopal Church
- Philadelphia –
- Calvary Center for Culture and Community
- Church of the Holy Trinity
- First Presbyterian Church
- St. Stephen's Episcopal Church
- Tenth Presbyterian Church
- Pittsburgh –
- Calvary United Methodist Church[https://calvarypgh.com/calvary/history.php "History and Architecture"] Calvary United Methodist Church]
- Emmanuel Episcopal Church
- Shadyside Presbyterian Church
- First Presbyterian Church
- Third Presbyterian Church
- St. Andrews Episcopal Church
- Sewickley –
- First Presbyterian Church
- St. Stephen's Episcopal Church
- Sharon – Buhl Mausoleum
- Titusville – St. James Memorial Episcopal Church
- Uniontown –
- Trinity United Presbyterian Church
- St. Peter's Anglican Church{{cite book |title=Uniontown Downtown Historic District Nomination Form |series=Records of the National Park Service |url=https://catalog.archives.gov/id/71998414 |publisher=National Register of Historic Places |access-date=January 5, 2024}}
- Whitemarsh Township – St. Thomas' Church
- Williamsport – Christ Community Worship Center, formerly the Presbyterian Church of the Covenant
- Tennessee
- Chattanooga – Saints Peter and Paul Basilica{{cite web | url = https://www.stspeterandpaulbasilica.com/history | title = A BRIEF HISTORY OF THE BASILICA | publisher = The Basilica of Sts. Peter & Paul | access-date = July 19, 2017}}
- Memphis – Grace-St. Luke's Episcopal Church
- Texas
- Galveston – Trinity Episcopal Church{{cite web | url = http://www.trinitygalv.org/history/ | title = The Beginning | publisher = Trinity Episcopal Church | access-date = July 19, 2017 | quote = The sanctuary of Trinity church boasts 20 stained glass windows, some priceless, including two made by Tiffany Studios of New York.... The great window over the altar depicting Christ as the protector of "the least of these, my brethren" was designed and made by Louis Comfort Tiffany of New York in 1904 in memory of George and Magnolia Sealy and is one of the rarest of its kind due its size, age and the fact that it remained intact and unbroken through many natural disasters.}}
- Houston – Christ Church Cathedral
- Utah
- Salt Lake City –
- Salt Lake TempleJoyce Athay Janetski, [https://collections.lib.utah.edu/details?id=418758 "Louis Comfort Tiffany: Stained Glass in Utah,"] Utah Preservation/Restoration: A Publication for the Preservationist, vol. 3 (1981), pp. 20–25.Joyce Athay Janetski, [https://www.churchofjesuschrist.org/study/ensign/1981/01/stained-glass-windows-a-latter-day-saint-legacy "Stained Glass Windows: A Latter-day Saint Legacy"], Ensign, January 1981, pp. 34–41.
- St. Mark's Episcopal Cathedral
- Vermont
- St. Johnsbury – Grace United Methodist Church
- Virginia
- Newport News – St. Paul's Episcopal Church
- Norfolk – St. Paul's Episcopal Church
- Richmond – Congregation Beth Ahabah
- Petersburg – Blandford Church
- Staunton – Trinity Episcopal Church{{cite web | url = http://trinitystaunton.org/about-us/visiting/ | title = Visiting | work = Trinity Episcopal Church, Staunton, Virginia | date = 21 June 2013 | publisher = Trinity Episcopal Church | access-date = July 19, 2017 | quote = Tourists are particularly interested in the stained-glass, including 12 Tiffany windows which span Louis Comfort Tiffany's 40-year career. | archive-date = 14 July 2017 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170714021931/http://trinitystaunton.org/about-us/visiting/ | url-status = dead }}
- Washington
- Seattle – Pierre P. Ferry House
- Wisconsin
- Menomonie – Mabel Tainter Memorial Building
- Milwaukee – Charles Allis Art Museum
- Milwaukee – St. Paul's Episcopal Church
- Oshkosh – Oshkosh Public Museum{{cite web | url = http://www.oshkoshmuseum.org/oshkoshPublicMuseum/exhibitionsPrograms/permanentExhibitions/tiffanyTreasures | title = Permanent Exhibitions: Tiffany Treasures | work = Oshkosh Public Museum | publisher = Oshkosh Public Museum | access-date = July 19, 2017 | archive-date = November 1, 2022 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20221101171744/http://www.oshkoshmuseum.org/oshkoshPublicMuseum/exhibitionsPrograms/permanentExhibitions/tiffanyTreasures | url-status = dead }}
=Museums=
- United Kingdom
- England
- Haworth Art Gallery, Accrington{{cite web | url = http://www.hyndburnbc.gov.uk/haworthaccrington/ | title = Haworth Art Gallery, Accrington | work = Hyndburn – The place to be – an excellent council | publisher = Hyndburn Borough Council | access-date = July 19, 2017 | quote = Come and visit the Haworth Art Gallery and see for yourself the world-famous Tiffany glass collection – the largest public collection in Europe. Free admission gives you access to 4 rooms dedicated to the collection, see fine examples of Louis Comfort Tiffany's Favrile glass vases, mosaics, and tiles in both static and interactive exhibits.}}
- United States
- Florida
- Charles Hosmer Morse Museum of American Art, Winter Park{{cite web | url = http://www.morsemuseum.org | title = Welcome to the Morse Museum | work = The Charles Hosmer Morse Museum of American Art | year = 2016 | publisher = Charles Hosmer Morse Foundation, Inc. | quote = The Morse Museum houses the world's most comprehensive collection of works by Louis Comfort Tiffany (1848–1933), including the artist and designer's jewelry, pottery, paintings, art glass, leaded-glass lamps and windows; his chapel interior from the 1893 World's Columbian Exposition in Chicago; and art and architectural objects from his Long Island country estate, Laurelton Hall.}}
- Illinois
- Art Institute of Chicago, Chicago{{cite news |last1=Naylor |first1=Donita |title=Tiffany church window, unnoticed in Providence, will be a star attraction in Chicago art museum |url=https://www.providencejournal.com/news/20200221/tiffany-church-window-unnoticed-in-providence-will-be-star-attraction-in-chicago-art-museum |access-date=23 February 2020 |publisher=The Providence Journal |date=21 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200223152839/https://www.providencejournal.com/news/20200221/tiffany-church-window-unnoticed-in-providence-will-be-star-attraction-in-chicago-art-museum |archive-date=23 February 2020}}
- [http://halimmuseum.org/ Halim Time and Glass Museum], Evanston{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/07/08/arts/design/magnificent-obsession-morphs-into-a-stained-glass-museum.html|title=Magnificent Obsession Morphs into a Stained-Glass Museum|work=The New York Times |date=7 July 2016 |access-date=2018-09-15|last1=Kahn |first1=Eve M. }}
- Louisiana
- Newcomb Art Museum, Tulane University, New Orleans{{cite web | url = http://newcombartmuseum.tulane.edu/portfolio-item/tiffany-windows/ | title = Tiffany Windows | work = Newcomb Art Museum of Tulane | publisher = Newcomb Art Museum | access-date = July 19, 2017}}
- Michigan
- Ella Sharp Museum of Art and History, Jackson
- Meadow Brook Hall, Rochester{{Cite web |title=Meadow Brook Hall History {{!}} Rochester, MI |url=https://meadowbrookhall.org/about/history/meadow-brook-hall-history/ |access-date=2024-04-16 |website=Meadow Brook Hall}}
- University of Michigan Museum of Art, Ann Arbor{{Cite web|title=Exchange{{!}}Search: artist:"Louis Comfort Tiffany"|url=https://exchange.umma.umich.edu/quick_search/query?utf8=true&q=artist:%22Louis%20Comfort%20Tiffany%22|website=exchange.umma.umich.edu|access-date=2020-05-05}}
- New York
- Brooklyn Museum, Brooklyn, New York City
- Metropolitan Museum of Art, Manhattan, New York City
- Neustadt Collection of Tiffany Glass, Queens Museum, Queens, New York City{{cite web | url = http://www.neustadtcollection.org | title = Experience Tiffany Glass | work = The Neustadt | access-date = July 19, 2017}}
- New-York Historical Society, Manhattan, New York City{{cite web|title=Landscape Window|url=http://www.nyhistory.org/exhibit/landscape-window-0| work = New-York Historical Society Museum & Library | publisher=New-York Historical Society|access-date=17 December 2012}}
- Texas
- Dallas Museum of Art, Dallas
- Museum of Fine Arts, Houston, Houston
- Virginia
- Virginia Museum of Fine Arts, Richmond{{cite web | url = https://vmfa.museum/collections/art/tri-fold-screen_2000-16/ | title = Tri-Fold Screen | work = Collections | publisher = Virginia Museum of Fine Arts | date = 2000 | access-date = July 19, 2017 | archive-date = July 29, 2016 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160729045141/http://vmfa.museum/collections/art/tri-fold-screen_2000-16/ | url-status = dead }}{{cite web | url = https://vmfa.museum/collections/art/ornamental-hair-comb_2012-10/ | title = Ornamental Hair Comb | work = Collections | publisher = Virginia Museum of Fine Arts | date = 2012 | access-date = July 19, 2017 | archive-date = July 29, 2016 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160729121138/http://vmfa.museum/collections/art/ornamental-hair-comb_2012-10/ | url-status = dead }}
- Wisconsin
- Charles Allis Art Museum, Milwaukee
See also
References
Informational notes
{{reflist|group=notes}}
Citations
{{reflist}}
Further reading
- {{cite book |author=Eidelberg, Dr. Martin | title= Tiffany Favrile Glass and the Quest of Beauty | location=New York | publisher=Lillian Nassau LLC | year=2007 | isbn=978-0-615-16761-9 | url= http://www.lilliannassau.com/news/publications/tiffany-studios-favrile-glass-and-the-quest-of-beauty-by-dr-martin-eidelberg/}}
- {{cite book |author=Frelinghuysen, Alice Cooney | title= Louis Comfort Tiffany and Laurelton Hall: an artist's country estate | location=New York | publisher=The Metropolitan Museum of Art | year=2006 | isbn=1588392015 | url= http://libmma.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/compoundobject/collection/p15324coll10/id/88550/rec/13}}
External links
{{Commons category}}
- [http://libmma.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/landingpage/collection/p16028coll5 Publications and ephemeral materials] from Tiffany Studios, Tiffany Glass & Decorating Company, Tiffany and Company, and the Louis Comfort Tiffany Foundation – held by the Metropolitan Museum of Art
{{Glass makers and brands|state=collapsed}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Tiffany Glass}}
Category:Architectural elements