London, Ontario

A series of archaeological sites throughout southwestern Ontario, named for the Parkhill Complex excavated near Parkhill, indicate the presence of Paleo-Indians in the area dating back approximately 11,000 years.{{cite journal |title=The Parkhill Complex and Eastern Great Lakes Paleo Indian |first1=William B. |last1=Roosa |first2=D. Brian |last2=Deller |journal=Ontario Archaeology |volume=37 |pages=3–15 |year=1982 |url=https://www.ontarioarchaeology.org/Resources/Publications/oa37-1-roosa.pdf |access-date=9 June 2021 |archive-date=9 June 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210609154207/https://www.ontarioarchaeology.org/Resources/Publications/oa37-1-roosa.pdf |url-status=dead }}{{cite web |url=https://www.pc.gc.ca/apps/dfhd/page_nhs_eng.aspx?id=481 |title=Parkhill National Historic Site of Canada |publisher=Parks Canada |access-date=17 January 2021}} Just prior to European settlement, the London area was the site of several Attawandaron, Odawa, and Ojibwe villages. The Lawson Site in northwest London is an archaeological excavation and partial reconstruction of an approximately 500-year-old Neutral Iroquoian village, estimated to have been home to 2,000 people.{{cite web |title=Lawson Site |website=Canada's Historic Places |url=https://www.historicplaces.ca/en/rep-reg/place-lieu.aspx?id=1504&pid=0 |access-date=8 June 2021}}{{cite web |title=Lawson Site |website=Museum of Ontario Archaeology |url=https://archaeologymuseum.ca/discover-archaeology/lawson-site/ |access-date=8 June 2021}} These groups were driven out by the Iroquois by {{Circa|1654}} in the Beaver Wars. The Iroquois abandoned the region some 50 years later, driven out by the Ojibwa.{{cite book|last=Schmalz|first=Peter S.|title=The Ojibwa of Southern Ontario|year=1991|publisher=University of Toronto Press{{!}}|location=Toronto|isbn=978-0-8020-6778-4|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/ojibwaofsouthern0000schm |page=18}} An Anishinaabeg community site was described as located near the forks of Thames River (Anishinaabe language: Eshkani-ziibi, "Antler River") in {{Circa|1690}}Greg Curnoe, Deeds/Abstracts: The History of a London Lot (Brick Books, London Ontario,1995, ISBN 0-919626-78-5), pgs.41. and was referred to as Pahkatequayang"Missionary work Among The Ojebway Indians chap. 14". PROJECT GUTENBERG. ("Baketigweyaang":"At the River Fork" (lit: at where the by-stream is)).

The Oneida Nation of the Thames, Chippewas of the Thames First Nation, and Munsee-Delaware Nation reserves are located south-west of the city.

The current location of London was selected as the site of the future capital of Upper Canada in 1793 by Lieutenant-Governor John Graves Simcoe, who also named the village which was founded in 1826.{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2LAEAQAAIAAJ&q=%22named+after+london%22%22London,+Ontario+%22 |title=Canada: wonderland of surprises |author1=Max Braithwaite |publisher=Dodd, Mead |year=1967 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160101234739/https://books.google.com/books?id=2LAEAQAAIAAJ&q=%22named+after+london%22%22London,+Ontario+%22&dq=%22named+after+london%22%22London,+Ontario+%22 |archive-date=1 January 2016 }} Originally, Simcoe had proposed to call it Georgiana, in honour of George III, the reigning monarch at that time.{{Cite book |title=City of London, Ontario, Canada. The Pioneer Period and the London of To-Day. |date=October 1900 |edition=2nd |pages=20}} It did not become the capital Simcoe envisioned. Rather, it was an administrative seat for the area west of the actual capital, York (now Toronto). The London Township Treaty of 1796 with the Chippewa ceded the original town site on the north bank of the Thames (then known as the Escunnisepe) to Upper Canada.{{cite web |publisher=The Canadian Encyclopedia |url=https://thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/upper-canada-land-surrenders |title=Upper Canada Land Surrenders |access-date=7 June 2021}}{{cite web |url=https://openhistoryseminar.com/canadianhistory/chapter/document-8-london-township-treaty-1796/ |title=Document 8: London Township Treaty (1796) |date=10 March 2018 |access-date=7 June 2021}}

London was part of the Talbot Settlement, named for Colonel Thomas Talbot, the chief administrator of the area, who oversaw the land surveying and built the first government buildings for the administration of the western Ontario peninsular region. Together with the rest of southwestern Ontario, the village benefited from Talbot's provisions not only for building and maintaining roads but also for assignment of access priorities to main routes to productive land.{{cite web| url=http://www.london.ca/d.aspx?s=/About_London/london_history.htm| title=The beginnings| year=2009| publisher=City of London| access-date=24 September 2009| url-status=dead| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101125160114/http://london.ca/d.aspx?s=%2FAbout_London%2Flondon_history.htm| archive-date=25 November 2010}} Crown and clergy reserves then received preference in the rest of Ontario.

In 1814, the Battle of Longwoods took place during the War of 1812 in what is now Southwest Middlesex, near London.{{Cite web|last=Parks Canada Agency|first=Government of Canada|date=2016-12-07|title=Battle Hill National Historic Site|url=https://www.pc.gc.ca/en/lhn-nhs/on/battlehill|access-date=2020-06-09|website=pc.gc.ca}} The retreating British Army were staying at Hungerford Hill when they were attacked by the Kentucky Mounted Riflemen.Grainger, Jennifer Vanished Villages of Middlesex, Toronto: Natural Heritage, 2002 p. 289 In 1827, a settlement was started Bryon when Cyrenius Hall built a gristmill.Grainger, Jennifer Vanished Villages of Middlesex, Toronto: Natural Heritage, 2002 p. 288

In 1832, the new settlement suffered an outbreak of cholera.{{cite web| url=http://www.london.ca/d.aspx?s=/About_London/timeline1-2.htm| title=Event Highlights for the City of London 1793–1843| publisher=City of London| access-date=24 September 2009| url-status=dead| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101218012710/http://london.ca/d.aspx?s=%2FAbout_London%2Ftimeline1-2.htm| archive-date=18 December 2010}} London proved a centre of strong Tory support during the Upper Canada Rebellion of 1837, notwithstanding a brief rebellion led by Charles Duncombe. Consequently, the British government located its Ontario peninsular garrison there in 1838, increasing its population with soldiers and their dependents, and the business support populations they required. London was incorporated as a town in 1840.

On 13 April 1845, a fire destroyed much of London, which was then largely constructed of wooden buildings.{{cite web| url=http://www.london.ca/d.aspx?s=/About_London/timeline3.htm| title=Event Highlights for the City of London 1844–1894| publisher=City of London| access-date=24 September 2009| url-status=dead| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101218012858/http://london.ca/d.aspx?s=%2FAbout_London%2Ftimeline3.htm| archive-date=18 December 2010}} One of the first casualties was the town's only fire engine. The fire burned nearly {{convert|30|acres}} of land, destroying 150 buildings, before it burned itself out later that day. One fifth of London was destroyed in the province's first million-dollar fire.{{cite book| first=Bill| last=Adams| title=The History of the London Fire Department of heroes, helmets and hoses| publisher=London Fire Department| edition=1st| year=2002| page=13| isbn=0-9732159-0-9}}

File:Labatt s London Ale.jpg

John Carling, Tory MP for London, gave three events to explain the development of London in a 1901 speech: the location of the court and administration in London in 1826, the arrival of the military garrison in 1838, and the arrival of the railway in 1853.{{cite book| last=Lutman| first=John| title=The Historic Heart of London| publisher=Corporation of the City of London| year=1977| page=6}}

The population in 1846 was 3,500. Brick buildings included a jail and court house, and large barracks. London had a fire company, a theatre, a large Gothic church, nine other churches or chapels, and two market buildings. The buildings that were destroyed by fire in 1845 were mostly rebuilt by 1846. Connection with other communities was by road, using mainly stagecoaches that ran daily. A weekly newspaper was published and mail was received daily by the post office.{{cite book |last=Smith |first=Wm. H. |date=1846 |title=Smith's Canadian Gazetteer – Statistical and General Information Respecting all parts of The Upper Province, or Canada West |url=https://archive.org/details/smithscanadianga00smit |location=Toronto |publisher=H. & W. Rowsell |page=[https://archive.org/details/smithscanadianga00smit/page/100 100] |access-date=1 June 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160403155457/https://archive.org/details/smithscanadianga00smit |archive-date=3 April 2016 |url-status=live }} Two villages named Petersville and Kensington once stood where downtown London now is.Grainger, Jennifer Vanished Villages of Middlesex, Toronto: Natural Heritage, 2002 p. 319 Petersville was founded by Samuel Peters in 1853.Grainger, Jennifer Vanished Villages of Middlesex, Toronto: Natural Heritage, 2002 p. 319 Kensington was founded around about 1878.Grainger, Jennifer Vanished Villages of Middlesex, Toronto: Natural Heritage, 2002 p. 320 Petersville and Kensigton were amalgamated on 4 March 1881 to form London West.Grainger, Jennifer Vanished Villages of Middlesex, Toronto: Natural Heritage, 2002 p. 321

On 1 January 1855, London was incorporated as a city (10,000 or more residents). In the 1860s, a sulphur spring was discovered at the forks of the Thames River while industrialists were drilling for oil.{{cite web| url=http://www.londonhistory.org/bath.htm| access-date=2 June 2008| title=Ontario White Sulphur Springs| publisher=The London and Middlesex Historical Society| url-status=live| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081030101201/http://londonhistory.org/bath.htm| archive-date=30 October 2008}} The springs became a popular destination for wealthy Ontarians, until the turn of the 20th century when a textile factory was built at the site, replacing the spa.

Records from 1869 indicate a population of about 18,000 served by three newspapers, churches of all major denominations and offices of all the major banks. Industries included several tanneries, oil refineries and foundries, four flour mills, the Labatt Brewing Company and the Carling brewery in addition to other manufacturing companies such as EMCO Wheaton.{{cite web |url=http://bulk-distributor.com/2013/11/an-interview-with-darren-sabino-general-manager-of-americas-emco-wheaton/ |title=An interview with…. Darren Sabino, General Manager of Americas, Emco Wheaton |publisher=Ashley & Dumville Publishing Ltd |access-date=2014-03-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140314073722/http://bulk-distributor.com/2013/11/an-interview-with-darren-sabino-general-manager-of-americas-emco-wheaton/ |archive-date=2014-03-14 |url-status=dead }} Both the Great Western and Grand Trunk railways had stops here. Several insurance companies also had offices in the city.

File:Street scene in London (I0005759).tif was founded in London in 1864 as The Huron and Erie Trust. Its headquarters is visible in this 1960 photo. The successor bank is TD Canada Trust, with the first transit number assigned to TD: 0001.{{Cite web|title=Then and now: A look at TD branch transit 0001|url=https://stories.td.com/ca/en/article/td-branch-transit-0001|access-date=2021-08-26|website=stories.td.com|language=en-CA}}{{Cite web|title=Financial Institutions Branch Directory - Banks - Numeric List|url=https://www.payments.ca/sites/default/files/08-12-mbrbnksn.pdf|url-status=live|access-date=2021-08-26|website=Payments Canada|page=176|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210826064125/https://www.payments.ca/sites/default/files/08-12-mbrbnksn.pdf |archive-date=2021-08-26 }}]]

The Crystal Palace Barracks, an octagonal brick building with eight doors and forty-eight windows built in 1861, was used for events such the Provincial Agricultural Fair of Canada West held in London that year. It was visited by Prince Arthur, Duke of Connaught and Strathearn, Governor-General John Young, 1st Baron Lisgar and Prime Minister John A. Macdonald.{{cite book |last=McEvoy |first=H |date=1869 |title=The Province of Ontario Gazetteer and Directory |url=https://archive.org/details/provinceontario00mcevgoog |location=Toronto |publisher=Robertson & Cook |pages=[https://archive.org/details/provinceontario00mcevgoog/page/n329 269]–271 |isbn=0665094124 }}{{cite book |author=not stated |date=1889 |title=History of the County of Middlesex, Canada |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8qsCAAAAMAAJ&q=History+of+the+County+of+Middlesex%2C+Canada%3A+From+the+Earliest+Time+to |location=London |publisher=W.A. & C.L. Goodspeed |page=294 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170424001613/https://books.google.ca/books?id=8qsCAAAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=History+of+the+County+of+Middlesex,+Canada:+From+the+Earliest+Time+to&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjoxciA17rTAhUp7IMKHUKZB2oQ6AEIJTAA#v=onepage&q=History%20of%20the%20County%20of%20Middlesex%2C%20Canada%3A%20From%20the%20Earliest%20Time%20to&f=false |archive-date=24 April 2017 }}

Long before the Royal Military College of Canada was established in 1876, there were proposals for military colleges in Canada. Staffed by British Regulars, adult male students underwent three-month-long military courses from 1865 at the School of Military Instruction in London. Established by Militia General Order in 1865, the school enabled Officers of Militia or Candidates for Commission or promotion in the Militia to learn Military duties, drill and discipline, to command a Company at Battalion Drill, to Drill a Company at Company Drill, the internal economy of a Company and the duties of a Company's Officer.{{cite web|url=http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~theislands/photos6/ansonkeillmilcert.jpg|title=RootsWeb.com Home Page|website=freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.ancestry.com|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160407162844/http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~theislands/photos6/ansonkeillmilcert.jpg|archive-date=7 April 2016|access-date=7 June 2016}} The school was not retained at Confederation, in 1867.Richard Preston 'Canada's RMC: A History of the Royal Military College of Canada' published by the RMC Club by U of Toronto Press.

File:London Ontario Urban Sprawl.jpg of London municipality]]

File:Blackfriars Bridge from South riverbed.jpg

In 1875, London's first iron bridge, the Blackfriars Street Bridge, was constructed. It replaced a succession of flood-failed wooden structures that had provided the city's only northern road crossing of the river. A rare example of a wrought iron bowstring arch through truss bridge, the Blackfriars remains open to pedestrian and bicycle traffic, though it was temporarily closed indefinitely to vehicular traffic due to various structural problems{{cite news |url=http://blackburnnews.com/london/2013/12/19/blackfriars-bridge-opens-to-pedestrians/ |title=Blackfriars Bridge Open To Pedestrians |first=Avery |last=Moore |publisher=Blackburn News |date=19 December 2013 |access-date=3 March 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140304075243/http://blackburnnews.com/london/2013/12/19/blackfriars-bridge-opens-to-pedestrians/ |archive-date=4 March 2014 }} and was once again reopened to vehicular traffic 1 December 2018. The Blackfriars, amidst the river-distance between the Carling Brewery and the historic Tecumseh Park (including a major mill), linked London with its western suburb of Petersville, named for Squire Peters of Grosvenor Lodge. That community joined with the southern subdivision of Kensington in 1874, formally incorporating as the municipality of Petersville. Although it changed its name in 1880 to the more inclusive "London West", it remained a separate municipality until ratepayers voted for amalgamation with London in 1897, largely due to repeated flooding. The most serious flood was in July 1883, which resulted in serious loss of life and property devaluation.{{cite thesis|last=Stott| first=Gregory| title=The Maintenance of Suburban Autonomy: The Story of the Village of Petersville-London West, Ontario, 1874–1897| degree=MA| publisher=University of Western Ontario| year=1999| chapter=Four}} This area retains much original and attractively maintained 19th-century tradespeople's and workers' housing, including Georgian cottages as well as larger houses, and a distinct sense of place. In 1897, London West was annexed to London.Grainger, Jennifer Vanished Villages of Middlesex, Toronto: Natural Heritage, 2002 p. 322

File:Queen Mum Flame July 7 1989.jpg at the unveiling ceremony of the Flame of Hope in July 1989]]

London's eastern suburb, London East, was (and remains) an industrial centre, which also incorporated in 1874. It was founded as Lilley's Corners by Charles Lilley in 1854.Grainger, Jennifer Vanished Villages of Middlesex, Toronto: Natural Heritage, 2002 p. 312 Oil was discovered in the Petrolia area and Lilley's Corners was chosen as the refining site because it was close to the railroad.Grainger, Jennifer Vanished Villages of Middlesex, Toronto: Natural Heritage, 2002 p. 315 The Ontario Car Works, the Great Western Gasworks and the London Street Railroad all had their headquarters in Lilley's Corners.Grainger, Jennifer Vanished Villages of Middlesex, Toronto: Natural Heritage, 2002 p. 315 In 1872, Lilley's Corners became a village.Grainger, Jennifer Vanished Villages of Middlesex, Toronto: Natural Heritage, 2002 p. 315 It was annexed to London in 1885.Grainger, Jennifer Vanished Villages of Middlesex, Toronto: Natural Heritage, 2002 p. 312 Attaining the status of town in 1881,{{cite web| url=http://council.london.ca/meetings/Archives/Agendas/Planning%20Committee%20Agendas/Planning%20Committee%20Agendas%202004/2004-08-30%20Agenda/Item%209b.pdf| title=Item 9b| publisher=London Advisory Committee on heritage| access-date=25 September 2009| url-status=live| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110706184420/http://council.london.ca/meetings/Archives/Agendas/Planning%20Committee%20Agendas/Planning%20Committee%20Agendas%202004/2004-08-30%20Agenda/Item%209b.pdf| archive-date=6 July 2011}} it continued as a separate municipality until concerns over expensive waterworks and other fiscal problems led to amalgamation in 1885.{{cite web| url=http://www.londonhistory.org/Londoneast.htm| title=London East| last=Wilson| first=Robert| publisher=London and Middlesex Historical Society| access-date=25 September 2009| url-status=live| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090131092251/http://londonhistory.org/Londoneast.htm| archive-date=31 January 2009}} The southern suburb of London, including Wortley Village, was collectively known as "London South". Never incorporated, the South was annexed to the city in 1890, although Wortley Village still retains a distinct sense of place. The area started to be settled in the 1860s.Grainger, Jennifer Vanished Villages of Middlesex, Toronto: Natural Heritage, 2002 p. 316 In 1880, Polk's Directory called London South "a charming suburb of the City of London.".Grainger, Jennifer Vanished Villages of Middlesex, Toronto: Natural Heritage, 2002 p. 316 By contrast, the settlement at Broughdale on the city's north end had a clear identity, adjoined the university, and was not annexed until 1961.{{cite web| url=http://broughdale.ca/| title=Broughdale Community Association| publisher=BCA| access-date=25 September 2009| url-status=dead| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110706170147/http://broughdale.ca/| archive-date=6 July 2011}} Broughdale was named after Reverend Charles C. Brough, the Anglican Archdeacon of London who settled there in 1854.Grainger, Jennifer Vanished Villages of Middlesex, Toronto: Natural Heritage, 2002 p. 283 Broughdale started to grow when it was connected to the London Street Railroad in 1901, leading to a real estate bubble.Grainger, Jennifer Vanished Villages of Middlesex, Toronto: Natural Heritage, 2002 p. 285 A post office was opened in Broughdale on 1 July 1904 with Charles Watlers as postmaster.Grainger, Jennifer Vanished Villages of Middlesex, Toronto: Natural Heritage, 2002 p. 286 Broughdale was initially named Brough, but was renamed Broughdale in 1906 because it sounded better.Grainger, Jennifer Vanished Villages of Middlesex, Toronto: Natural Heritage, 2002 p. 286 In 1924, the University of Western Ontario was founded in the former Broughdale.Grainger, Jennifer Vanished Villages of Middlesex, Toronto: Natural Heritage, 2002 p. 286 After the founding of the university, Broughdale became more like a city and less like a village.Grainger, Jennifer Vanished Villages of Middlesex, Toronto: Natural Heritage, 2002 p. 286 Broughdale was incorporated as a village in 1930.Grainger, Jennifer Vanished Villages of Middlesex, Toronto: Natural Heritage, 2002 p. 286 In 1961, Broughdale was annexed to London.Grainger, Jennifer Vanished Villages of Middlesex, Toronto: Natural Heritage, 2002 p. 287

Ivor F. Goodson and Ian R. Dowbiggin have explored the battle over vocational education in London, Ontario, in the 1900–1930 era. The London Technical and Commercial High School came under heavy attack from the city's social and business elite, which saw the school as a threat to the budget of the city's only academic high school, London Collegiate Institute.Ivor F. Goodson and Ian R. Dowbiggin, "Vocational education and school reform: the case of the London (Canada) Technical School, 1900-1930" History of Education Review (1991) 20#1: 39–60.

The Banting House, a National Historic Site of Canada, is where Frederick Banting developed the ideas that led to the discovery of insulin. Banting lived and practiced in London for ten months, from July 1920 to May 1921. London is also the site of the Flame of Hope, which is intended to burn until a cure for diabetes is discovered.{{cite web|url=http://www.diabetes.ca/about-us/who/banting-house/banting-square/|title=Sir Frederick G. Banting Square|publisher=Canadian Diabetes Association|access-date=25 September 2009|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090408072126/http://www.diabetes.ca/about-us/who/banting-house/banting-square/|archive-date=8 April 2009}}

London's role as a military centre continued into the 20th century during the two World Wars, serving as the administrative centre for the Western Ontario district. In 1905, the London Armoury was built and housed the First Hussars until 1975. A private investor purchased the historic site and built a new hotel (Delta London Armouries, 1996) in its place, preserving the shell of the historic building. In the 1950s, two reserve battalions amalgamated and became London and Oxford Rifles (3rd Battalion), The Royal Canadian Regiment.{{cite web| url=http://www.army.forces.gc.ca/land-terre/units-unites/index-eng.asp?action=City&id=39&rid=267#267| title=London, Ontario| publisher=Department of National Defence| access-date=25 September 2009| url-status=dead| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110610202021/http://www.army.forces.gc.ca/land-terre/units-unites/index-eng.asp?action=City&id=39&rid=267#267| archive-date=10 June 2011}} This unit continues to serve today as 4th Battalion, The Royal Canadian Regiment. The Regimental Headquarters of The Royal Canadian Regiment remains in London at Wolseley Barracks on Oxford Street. The barracks are home to the First Hussars militia regiment as well.

London annexed many of the surrounding communities in 1961, including Byron and Masonville, adding 60,000 people and more than doubling its area. After this amalgamation, suburban growth accelerated as London grew outward in all directions, creating expansive new subdivisions such as Westmount, Oakridge, Whitehills, Pond Mills, White Oaks and Stoneybrook.

On 1 January 1993, London annexed nearly the entire township of Westminster, a large, primarily rural municipality directly south of the city, including the police village of Lambeth.{{cite web| url=http://www.london.ca/About-London/london-history/Pages/1977-to-2000.aspx| title=History of London – 1977 to 2000| publisher=City of London| access-date=21 January 2015| url-status=dead| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150121143624/http://www.london.ca/About-London/london-history/Pages/1977-to-2000.aspx| archive-date=21 January 2015}} With this massive annexation, which also included part of London township, London almost doubled in area again, adding several thousand more residents. In the present day, London stretches south to the boundary with Elgin County, north and east to Fanshawe Lake, north and west to the township of Middlesex Centre (the nearest developed areas of it being Arva to the north and Komoka to the west) and east to Nilestown and Dorchester.

The 1993 annexation, made London one of the largest urban municipalities in Ontario.{{cite news| url=http://www.lfpress.ca/cgi-bin/publish.cgi?p=220108&s=societe| title=Did Annexation Work?| last=Martin| first=Chip| date=29 December 2007| work=Special Report| publisher=London Free Press}}{{Dead link|date=August 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} Intense commercial and residential development is presently occurring in the southwest and northwest areas of the city. Opponents of this development cite urban sprawl,{{cite web| url=http://www.ul.london.on.ca/urbanweb/Links/UrbanPlanning/index.htm| title=New Directions in Urban Planning| publisher=Urban League of London| access-date=25 September 2009| url-status=dead| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091203125215/http://www.ul.london.on.ca/urbanweb/Links/UrbanPlanning/index.htm| archive-date=3 December 2009}} destruction of rare Carolinian zone forest and farm lands,{{cite web| url=http://www.ul.london.on.ca/urbanweb/ActiveCitizen/ESA/index.htm| title=Environmentally Significant Areas| year=2006| publisher=Urban League of London| access-date=25 September 2009| url-status=dead| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110706192355/http://www.ul.london.on.ca/urbanweb/ActiveCitizen/ESA/index.htm| archive-date=6 July 2011}} replacement of distinctive regions by generic malls, and standard transportation and pollution concerns as major issues facing London. The City of London is currently the eleventh-largest urban area in Canada, eleventh-largest census metropolitan area in Canada, and the sixth-largest city in Ontario.{{cite web| url=http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2006/dp-pd/hlt/97-550/Index.cfm?TPL=P1C&Page=RETR&LANG=Eng&T=205&SR=1&S=3&O=D&RPP=33| title=Population and dwelling counts, for census metropolitan areas, 2006 and 2001 censuses: 100% data| date=19 December 2008| publisher=Statistics Canada| access-date=21 October 2009| url-status=live| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110609203434/http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2006/dp-pd/hlt/97-550/Index.cfm?TPL=P1C&Page=RETR&LANG=Eng&T=205&SR=1&S=3&O=D&RPP=33| archive-date=9 June 2011}}{{cite web| url=http://www12.statcan.ca/english/census06/data/popdwell/Table.cfm?T=801&PR=0&SR=1&S=3&O=D| title=Population and dwelling counts, for urban areas, 2006 and 2001 censuses: 100% data| date=5 November 2008| publisher=Statistics Canada| access-date=21 October 2009| url-status=live| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090211091442/http://www12.statcan.ca/english/census06/data/popdwell/Table.cfm?T=801&PR=0&SR=1&S=3&O=D| archive-date=11 February 2009}}

On Victoria Day, 24 May 1881, the stern-wheeler ferry SS Victoria capsized in the Thames River close to Cove Bridge in West London. Approximately 200 passengers drowned in the shallow river, making it one of the worst disasters in London's history, and is now dubbed "The Victoria Day Disaster". At the time, London's population was relatively small; therefore it was hard to find a person in the city who did not have a family member affected by the tragedy.

Two years later, on 12 July 1883, the first of the two most devastating floods in London's history killed 17 people. The second major flood, on 26 April 1937, destroyed more than a thousand houses across London, and caused over $50 million in damages, particularly in West London.{{cite web| url=http://www.london.ca/d.aspx?s=/About_London/timeline6.htm| title=Event Highlights for the City of London 1930–1949| publisher=City of London| access-date=25 September 2009| url-status=dead| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101218012505/http://london.ca/d.aspx?s=%2FAbout_London%2Ftimeline6.htm| archive-date=18 December 2010}}{{cite web| url=http://ontario.hazards.ca/historical/Flood_Ontario-e.html| title=Historical Flood-Related Events| date=18 February 2009| publisher=Environment Canada| access-date=21 October 2009| url-status=dead| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101105191921/http://ontario.hazards.ca/historical/Flood_Ontario-e.html| archive-date=5 November 2010}}

On 3 January 1898, the floor of the assembly hall at London City Hall collapsed, killing 23 people and leaving more than 70 injured. Testimony at a coroner's inquest described the wooden beam under the floor as unsound, with knots and other defects reducing its strength by one fifth to one third.{{cite web |title=The London Building Disaster |publisher=The Canadian Architect and Builder, Vol. XI, Issue 1 |date=January 1898| page=2 |url=http://digital.library.mcgill.ca/cab/Volume%2011/Issue%201/v11n1p2.gif |access-date=2 April 2020}}

After repeated floods, the Upper Thames River Conservation Authority in 1953 built Fanshawe Dam on the North Thames to control the downstream rivers.{{cite web| url=http://www.london.ca/d.aspx?s=/About_London/timeline7.htm| title=Event Highlights for the City of London 1950–1959| publisher=City of London| access-date=25 September 2009| url-status=dead| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101218012632/http://london.ca/d.aspx?s=%2FAbout_London%2Ftimeline7.htm| archive-date=18 December 2010}} Financing for this project came from the federal, provincial, and municipal governments. Other natural disasters include a 1984 tornado that led to damage on several streets in the White Oaks area of South London.{{cite web| url=http://www.london.ca/d.aspx?s=/About_London/timeline.htm| title=Event Highlights for the City of London 1980–1989| publisher=City of London| access-date=25 September 2009| url-status=dead| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101125163523/http://london.ca/d.aspx?s=%2FAbout_London%2Ftimeline.htm| archive-date=25 November 2010}}

On 11 December 2020, a partially-constructed apartment building just off of Wonderland Road in southwest London collapsed, killing two people and injuring at least four others.{{cite web |last1=LeBel |first1=Jacquelyn |last2=Bogdan |first2=Sawyer |last3=Westoll |first3=Nick |title=2 dead, 4 in hospital following building collapse in southwest London, Ont. |url=https://globalnews.ca/news/7516442/london-building-collapse/ |website=Global News |access-date=27 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210218035104/https://globalnews.ca/news/7516442/london-building-collapse/ |archive-date=18 February 2021 |date=11 December 2020 |url-status=live}}{{cite web |title=2 dead, 4 in hospital after partial building collapse at London, Ont., construction site |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/london/building-collapse-london-1.5837724 |website=CBC |access-date=27 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210902091502/https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/london/building-collapse-london-1.5837724 |archive-date=2 September 2021 |date=11 December 2020}} In January 2024, both Oxford County companies involved in the building's construction were fined $400,000, with The Ministry of Labour, Immigration, Training and Skills Development declaring the companies had failed to "provide proper information, instruction and supervision, specifically on the use of proper concrete measuring techniques on the project."{{cite web |title=Companies fined $400k in deadly London construction collapse |url=https://lfpress.com/news/local-news/companies-fined-400k-in-deadly-london-construction-collapse |website=London Free Press |access-date=31 July 2024}}

The area was formed during the retreat of the glaciers during the last ice age, which produced areas of marshland, notably the Sifton Bog, as well as some of the most agriculturally productive areas of farmland in Ontario.{{cite web| url=http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/index.cfm?Params=A1ARTA0005936&PgNm=TCE| title=Ontario| year=2009| publisher=Historica-Dominion| access-date=25 September 2009| url-status=dead| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100618063253/http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/index.cfm?PgNm=TCE&Params=A1ARTA0005936| archive-date=18 June 2010}}

File:Sifton Bog boardwalk1.jpg

The Thames River dominates London's geography. The North and South branches of the Thames River meet at the centre of the city, a location known as "The Forks" or "The Fork of the Thames".{{cite web| url=http://www.london.ca/d.aspx?s=/Parks_and_Natural_Areas/Parks_guide.htm| title=Your Guide to London's Major Public Parks & Gardens| publisher=City of London| access-date=25 September 2009| url-status=dead| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101125155504/http://london.ca/d.aspx?s=%2FParks_and_Natural_Areas%2FParks_guide.htm| archive-date=25 November 2010}} The North Thames runs through the man-made Fanshawe Lake in northeast London. Fanshawe Lake was created by Fanshawe Dam, constructed to protect the downriver areas from the catastrophic flooding which affected the city in 1883 and 1937.{{cite web|url=http://www.thamesriver.on.ca/Water_Management/Fanshawe_Dam.htm |title=Fanshawe Dam |publisher=Upper Thames River Conservation Authority |access-date=25 September 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090819075527/https://www.thamesriver.on.ca/Water_Management/Fanshawe_Dam.htm |archive-date=19 August 2009 }}

London has a humid continental climate (Köppen Dfb), with modestly warm summers, and cold and cloudy winters with frequent snow.

Because of its location in the continent, London experiences large seasonal contrast, tempered to a point by the surrounding Great Lakes. The proximity of the lakes also ensure abundant cloud cover, particularly in late Fall and Winter. The summers are usually warm to hot and humid, with a July average of {{convert|21.0|C|1}}, and temperatures above {{cvt|30|C}} occur on average 11 days per year. In 2016, however, temperatures rose above this temperature on more than 35 days, and in 2018, four heatwaves led to a peak humidex of {{cvt|46|C}}. The city is affected by frequent thunderstorms due to hot, humid summer weather, as well as the convergence of breezes originating from Lake Huron and Lake Erie. The same convergence zone is responsible for spawning funnel clouds and the occasional tornado. Spring and autumn in between are not long, and winters are cold but with frequent thaws.

Annual precipitation averages {{convert|1011.5|mm|abbr=on|2}}. Its winter snowfall totals are heavy, averaging about {{cvt|194|cm|abbr=on|0}} per year, although the localized nature of snow squalls means the total can vary widely from year to year as do accumulations over different areas of the city.{{cite web|url=https://ec.gc.ca/meteo-weather/default.asp?lang=En&n=B5187FDA-1#t14|title=Environment and Climate Change Canada – Weather and Meteorology – Canada's Top Ten Weather Stories for 2010 – Runner-Up stories|first=Government of Canada, Environment and Climate Change|last=Canada|website=ec.gc.ca|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171118220845/https://www.ec.gc.ca/meteo-weather/default.asp?lang=En&n=B5187FDA-1#t14|archive-date=18 November 2017|date=16 December 2010|access-date=1 February 2018}} Some of the snow accumulation comes from lake effect snow and snow squalls originating from Lake Huron, some {{cvt|60|km|abbr=on|0}} to the northwest, which occurs when strong, cold winds blow from that direction. From 5 December 2010, to 9 December 2010, London experienced record snowfall when up to {{convert|2|m|in|0||abbr=on}} of snow fell in parts of the city. Schools and businesses were closed for three days and bus service was cancelled after the second day of snow.{{cite news| url=https://lfpress.com/news/london/2010/12/07/16460466.html| access-date=5 April 2012| title=It's one for the history books| newspaper=London Free Press| last=Daniszewski| first=Hank| date=7 December 2010| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110314070553/http://www.lfpress.com/news/london/2010/12/07/16460466.html| archive-date=14 March 2011| url-status=dead}}

The highest temperature ever recorded in London was {{convert|41.1|C|0}} on 6 August 1918.

{{cite web |url = http://climate.weather.gc.ca/climate_data/daily_data_e.html?hlyRange=%7C&dlyRange=1883-03-01%7C1932-01-31&mlyRange=1883-01-01%7C1932-12-01&StationID=4792&Prov=ON&urlExtension=_e.html&searchType=stnName&optLimit=yearRange&StartYear=1840&EndYear=2016&selRowPerPage=25&Line=7&searchMethod=contains&txtStationName=london&timeframe=2&Year=1918&Month=8 |title = August 1918 |work = Canadian Climate Data |publisher = Environment Canada |access-date = 21 March 2016|url-status = live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160809033046/http://climate.weather.gc.ca/climate_data/daily_data_e.html?hlyRange=%7C&dlyRange=1883-03-01%7C1932-01-31&mlyRange=1883-01-01%7C1932-12-01&StationID=4792&Prov=ON&urlExtension=_e.html&searchType=stnName&optLimit=yearRange&StartYear=1840&EndYear=2016&selRowPerPage=25&Line=7&searchMethod=contains&txtStationName=london&timeframe=2&Year=1918&Month=8 |archive-date = 9 August 2016 |date = 31 October 2011}} The lowest temperature ever recorded was {{convert|-32.8|C|0}} on 9 February 1934.

{{Weather box

|location = London (London International Airport)
WMO ID: 71623; coordinates {{coordinates|43|01|59|N|81|09|04|W|type:airport_region:CA-ON|name=London International Airport}}; elevation: {{cvt|278.0|m}}; 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1871–present{{efn|London's long term climate record has been recorded at various climate stations in or near the city of London since 1871. From 1871 to 1891 at London, 1883 to 1932 at London South, 1930 to 1941 at Lambeth Airport, and 1940 to present at London International Airport.}}

|metric first = Y

|single line = Y

|Jan record high C = 16.7

|Feb record high C = 18.3

|Mar record high C = 27.5

|Apr record high C = 30.6

|May record high C = 34.4

|Jun record high C = 38.2

|Jul record high C = 38.9

|Aug record high C = 41.1

|Sep record high C = 36.7

|Oct record high C = 30.3

|Nov record high C = 24.4

|Dec record high C = 22.2

|year record high C = 41.1

|Jan high C = -1.6

|Feb high C = -0.6

|Mar high C = 4.6

|Apr high C = 12.2

|May high C = 19.3

|Jun high C = 24.4

|Jul high C = 26.6

|Aug high C = 25.7

|Sep high C = 22.1

|Oct high C = 14.7

|Nov high C = 7.5

|Dec high C = 1.4

|year high C = 13.0

|Jan mean C = -5.4

|Feb mean C = -4.8

|Mar mean C = 0.1

|Apr mean C = 6.8

|May mean C = 13.5

|Jun mean C = 18.8

|Jul mean C = 21.0

|Aug mean C = 20.1

|Sep mean C = 16.3

|Oct mean C = 9.9

|Nov mean C = 3.6

|Dec mean C = -2.0

|year mean C = 8.2

|Jan low C = -9.1

|Feb low C = -9.0

|Mar low C = -4.5

|Apr low C = 1.4

|May low C = 7.7

|Jun low C = 13.2

|Jul low C = 15.3

|Aug low C = 14.4

|Sep low C = 10.5

|Oct low C = 5.0

|Nov low C = -0.3

|Dec low C = -5.2

|year low C = 3.3

|Jan record low C = -32.2

|Feb record low C = -32.8

|Mar record low C = -28.3

|Apr record low C = -17.8

|May record low C = -6.7

|Jun record low C = -1.1

|Jul record low C = 2.2

|Aug record low C = 1.1

|Sep record low C = -3.3

|Oct record low C = -12.2

|Nov record low C = -22.2

|Dec record low C = -30.0

|year record low C = -32.8

|precipitation colour = green

|Jan precipitation mm = 74.2

|Feb precipitation mm = 65.5

|Mar precipitation mm = 71.5

|Apr precipitation mm = 83.4

|May precipitation mm = 89.8

|Jun precipitation mm = 91.7

|Jul precipitation mm = 82.7

|Aug precipitation mm = 82.9

|Sep precipitation mm = 103.0

|Oct precipitation mm = 81.3

|Nov precipitation mm = 98.0

|Dec precipitation mm = 87.5

|year precipitation mm = 1011.5

|rain colour = green

|Jan rain mm = 33.4

|Feb rain mm = 33.6

|Mar rain mm = 46.3

|Apr rain mm = 74.7

|May rain mm = 89.4

|Jun rain mm = 91.7

|Jul rain mm = 82.7

|Aug rain mm = 82.9

|Sep rain mm = 103.0

|Oct rain mm = 78.1

|Nov rain mm = 83.2

|Dec rain mm = 46.9

|year rain mm = 845.9

|snow colour = green

|Jan snow cm = 49.3

|Feb snow cm = 38.4

|Mar snow cm = 29.4

|Apr snow cm = 9.4

|May snow cm = 0.4

|Jun snow cm = 0.0

|Jul snow cm = 0.0

|Aug snow cm = 0.0

|Sep snow cm = 0.0

|Oct snow cm = 3.2

|Nov snow cm = 16.6

|Dec snow cm = 47.6

|year snow cm = 194.3

|humidity colour = green

|Jan humidity = 75.9

|Feb humidity = 71.9

|Mar humidity = 65.0

|Apr humidity = 56.9

|May humidity = 54.8

|Jun humidity = 57.0

|Jul humidity = 57.6

|Aug humidity = 59.7

|Sep humidity = 59.9

|Oct humidity = 63.1

|Nov humidity = 72.0

|Dec humidity = 76.9

|year humidity = 64.2

|unit precipitation days = 0.2 mm

|Jan precipitation days = 18.8

|Feb precipitation days = 15.1

|Mar precipitation days = 15.3

|Apr precipitation days = 14.1

|May precipitation days = 12.7

|Jun precipitation days = 11.6

|Jul precipitation days = 11.2

|Aug precipitation days = 10.4

|Sep precipitation days = 12.1

|Oct precipitation days = 13.1

|Nov precipitation days = 15.8

|Dec precipitation days = 18.0

|year precipitation days = 168.0

|unit rain days = 0.2 mm

|Jan rain days = 6.3

|Feb rain days = 5.4

|Mar rain days = 8.3

|Apr rain days = 12.0

|May rain days = 12.7

|Jun rain days = 11.6

|Jul rain days = 11.3

|Aug rain days = 10.4

|Sep rain days = 12.1

|Oct rain days = 13.0

|Nov rain days = 11.6

|Dec rain days = 7.8

|year rain days = 122.4

|unit snow days = 0.2 cm

|Jan snow days = 15.3

|Feb snow days = 12.1

|Mar snow days = 9.1

|Apr snow days = 3.5

|May snow days = 0.18

|Jun snow days = 0.0

|Jul snow days = 0.0

|Aug snow days = 0.0

|Sep snow days = 0.0

|Oct snow days = 1.2

|Nov snow days = 5.7

|Dec snow days = 13.2

|year snow days = 60.3

|Jan sun = 64.4

|Feb sun = 89.9

|Mar sun = 124.0

|Apr sun = 158.0

|May sun = 219.6

|Jun sun = 244.3

|Jul sun = 261.6

|Aug sun = 217.7

|Sep sun = 165.1

|Oct sun = 128.7

|Nov sun = 67.4

|Dec sun = 52.1

|year sun = 1792.6

|Jan percentsun = 22.1

|Feb percentsun = 30.4

|Mar percentsun = 33.6

|Apr percentsun = 39.4

|May percentsun = 48.4

|Jun percentsun = 53.2

|Jul percentsun = 56.2

|Aug percentsun = 50.4

|Sep percentsun = 43.9

|Oct percentsun = 37.5

|Nov percentsun = 23.0

|Dec percentsun = 18.5

|year percentsun = 38.1

|source 1 = Environment and Climate Change Canada (precipitation/rain/snow/sunshine 1981–2010){{cite web |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230926112519/https://climate.weather.gc.ca/climate_normals/results_1991_2020_e.html?searchType=stnProv&lstProvince=ON&txtCentralLatMin=0&txtCentralLatSec=0&txtCentralLongMin=0&txtCentralLongSec=0&stnID=184000000&dispBack=0 |archive-date = September 26, 2023 |url = https://climate.weather.gc.ca/climate_normals/results_1991_2020_e.html?searchType=stnProv&lstProvince=ON&txtCentralLatMin=0&txtCentralLatSec=0&txtCentralLongMin=0&txtCentralLongSec=0&stnID=184000000&dispBack=0 |title = London, Ontario |work = Canadian Climate Normals 1991–2020 |publisher = Environment Canada |access-date = September 26, 2023}}{{cite web| publisher=Environment and Climate Change Canada| url=https://climate.weather.gc.ca/climate_normals/results_1981_2010_e.html?searchType=stnName&txtStationName=London&searchMethod=contains&txtCentralLatMin=0&txtCentralLatSec=0&txtCentralLongMin=0&txtCentralLongSec=0&stnID=4789&dispBack=1| title=London INT'L Airport, Ontario| work=Canadian Climate Normals 1981–2010| access-date=22 September 2014| url-status=live| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150218145443/http://climate.weather.gc.ca/climate_normals/results_1981_2010_e.html?stnID=4789&lang=e&dCode=&province=ONT&month1=0&month2=12| archive-date=18 February 2015|date = 25 September 2013}}{{cite web| publisher=Environment Canada| url=ftp://ftp.tor.ec.gc.ca/Pub/Normals/English/ONT/ONT_GORE-OTTA_ENG.csv| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200718042915/ftp://ftp.tor.ec.gc.ca/Pub/Normals/English/ONT/ONT_GORE-OTTA_ENG.csv| url-status=dead| archive-date=2020-07-18| title=London INT'L Airport| work=Canadian Climate Normals 1981–2010| access-date=6 September 2013}}

{{cite web

| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20211113154551/https://api.weather.gc.ca/collections/ltce-temperature/items?VIRTUAL_CLIMATE_ID=VSON137&sortby=VIRTUAL_CLIMATE_ID%2CLOCAL_MONTH%2CLOCAL_DAY&f=csv&limit=150000&startindex=0

| archive-date = 13 November 2021

| url = https://api.weather.gc.ca/collections/ltce-temperature/items?VIRTUAL_CLIMATE_ID=VSON137&sortby=VIRTUAL_CLIMATE_ID,LOCAL_MONTH,LOCAL_DAY&f=csv&limit=150000&startindex=0

| title = Long Term Climate Extremes for London Area (Virtual Station ID: VSON137)

| work = Daily climate records (LTCE)

| publisher = Environment Canada

| access-date = 13 November 2021}}

|date=August 2010}}

London has a number of parks. Victoria Park in downtown London is a major centre of community events, attracting an estimated 1 million visitors per year. Other major parks include Harris Park, Gibbons Park, Fanshawe Conservation Area (Fanshawe Pioneer Village), Springbank Park, White Oaks Park and Westminster Ponds. The city also maintains a number of gardens and conservatories. One of these, the Remembrance Gardens, commemorates those who died fighting in wars. In addition to an annual Remembrance Day gathering,https://london.ctvnews.ca/so-many-of-them-were-very-young-remember-november-11-association-honours-young-veterans-in-london-1.7106362 it contains a poppy garden as a memorial to 1,200 who died in World War I,https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/london/the-community-run-remembrance-day-memorial-in-london-today-that-you-probably-don-t-know-about-1.6245152 as well as a refurbished bell from the Netherlands.https://london.ctvnews.ca/peacekeeper-and-korea-veteran-honoured-with-stone-at-london-s-remembrance-gardens-1.6996805

{{Historical populations

|1856|5000

|1861|7200

|1866|8000

|1871|18000

|1881|26266

|1891|31977

|1901|37976

|1911|46509

|1921|50959

|1931|71148

|1941|78134

|1951|95343

|1956|101693

|1961|169569

|1966|194416

|1971|223222

|1976|240392

|1981|254280

|1986|269140

|1991|311620

|1996|325699

|2001|336539

|2006|352395

|2011|366151

|2016|383822

|2021|422324

|footnote={{cite web| title=Censuses 1871–1931| work=Canada Yearbook 1932| url=http://www66.statcan.gc.ca/eng/acyb_c1932-eng.aspx?opt=/eng/1932/193201410103_p.%20103.pdf| page=103| publisher=Statistics Canada| url-status=live| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141019190112/http://www66.statcan.gc.ca/eng/acyb_c1932-eng.aspx?opt=%2Feng%2F1932%2F193201410103_p.+103.pdf| archive-date=19 October 2014| date=31 March 2008}}{{cite web| title=Census 1941–1951| work=Canada Yearbook 1955| url=http://www66.statcan.gc.ca/eng/acyb_c1955-eng.aspx?opt=/eng/1955/195501710145_p.%20145.pdf| page=145| url-status=live| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131209035552/http://www66.statcan.gc.ca/eng/acyb_c1955-eng.aspx?opt=%2Feng%2F1955%2F195501710145_p.%20145.pdf| archive-date=9 December 2013| date=31 March 2008}}{{cite web| work=Canada Yearbook 1967| url=http://www66.statcan.gc.ca/eng/acyb_c1967-eng.aspx?opt=/eng/1967/196702210189_p.%20189.pdf| title=Census 1961| page=189| url-status=live| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141223151220/http://www66.statcan.gc.ca/eng/acyb_c1967-eng.aspx?opt=%2Feng%2F1967%2F196702210189_p.%20189.pdf| archive-date=23 December 2014|date = 31 March 2008}}{{cite web| url=http://www66.statcan.gc.ca/eng/acyb_c1967-eng.aspx?opt=/eng/1967/196702210189_p.%20189.pdf| work=Canada Year Book 1974| title=Censuses 1966, 1971| url-status=live| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141223151220/http://www66.statcan.gc.ca/eng/acyb_c1967-eng.aspx?opt=%2Feng%2F1967%2F196702210189_p.%20189.pdf| archive-date=23 December 2014| date=31 March 2008}}{{cite web| url=http://www66.statcan.gc.ca/eng/acyb_c1967-eng.aspx?opt=/eng/1967/196702210189_p.%20189.pdf| work=Canada Year Book 1988| title=Censuses 1981, 1986| page=192| url-status=live| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141223151220/http://www66.statcan.gc.ca/eng/acyb_c1967-eng.aspx?opt=%2Feng%2F1967%2F196702210189_p.%20189.pdf| archive-date=23 December 2014| date=31 March 2008}}{{cite web| url=http://www.citypopulation.de/Canada-Ontario.html| title=Canada: Ontario| publisher=City Population| url-status=live| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120120123630/http://www.citypopulation.de/Canada-Ontario.html| archive-date=20 January 2012}}{{cite web| title=2006 Community Profiles: London| url=http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2006/dp-pd/prof/92-591/details/Page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=CSD&Code1=3539036&Geo2=PR&Code2=35&Data=Count&SearchText=london&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=All&Custom=| date=6 December 2010| publisher=Statistics Canada| access-date=22 September 2014| url-status=live| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160101234739/http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2006/dp-pd/prof/92-591/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=CSD&Code1=3539036&Geo2=PR&Code2=35&Data=Count&SearchText=London&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=All&Custom=| archive-date=1 January 2016}}

}}

In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, London had a population of {{val|422324|fmt=commas}} living in {{val|174657|fmt=commas}} of its {{val|186409|fmt=commas}} total private dwellings, a change of {{percentage|{{#expr:422324-383822}}|383822|1}} from its 2016 population of {{val|383822|fmt=commas}}. With a land area of {{convert|420.5|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}, it had a population density of {{Pop density|422324|420.5|km2|sqmi|prec=1}} in 2021.{{cite web | url=https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/t1/tbl1/en/tv.action?pid=9810000203&geocode=A000235 | title=Population and dwelling counts: Canada, provinces and territories, census divisions and census subdivisions (municipalities), Ontario | publisher=Statistics Canada | date=February 9, 2022 | accessdate=March 27, 2022}}

At the census metropolitan area (CMA) level in the 2021 census, the London CMA had a population of {{val|543551|fmt=commas}} living in {{val|222239|fmt=commas}} of its {{val|235522|fmt=commas}} total private dwellings, a change of {{percentage|{{#expr:543551-494069}}|494069|1}} from its 2016 population of {{val|494069|fmt=commas}}. With a land area of {{convert|2661.48|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}, it had a population density of {{Pop density|543551|2661.48|km2|sqmi|prec=1}} in 2021.{{cite web | url=https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/t1/tbl1/en/tv.action?pid=9810000501 | title=Population and dwelling counts: Canada, provinces and territories, census metropolitan areas and census agglomerations | publisher=Statistics Canada | date=February 9, 2022 | accessdate=March 28, 2022}}

As per the 2021 census, the most common ethnic or cultural origins in London are English (21.9%), Scottish (17.4%), Irish (16.8%), Canadian (12.1%), German (9.3%), French (6.6%), Dutch (5.0%), Italian (4.5%), British Isles (4.3%), Indian (3.7%), Polish (3.6%), and Chinese.Multiple ethnic/cultural origins can be reported Indigenous people made up 2.6% of the population, with most being First Nations (1.9%). Ethnocultural backgrounds in the city included European (68.7%), South Asian (6.5%), Arab (5.3%), Black (4.2%), Latin American (3.0%), Chinese (2.9%), Southeast Asian (1.4%), Filipino (1.4%), West Asian (1.3%), and Korean (1.0%).{{cite web |title=Profile table, Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population - London, City (CY) [Census subdivision], Ontario |url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&SearchText=london&DGUIDlist=2021A00053539036&GENDERlist=1,2,3&STATISTIClist=1&HEADERlist=0 |website=www12.statcan.gc.ca |publisher=Statistics Canada |date=9 February 2022}}

The 2021 census found English to be the mother tongue of 71.1% of the population. This was followed by Arabic (3.7%), Spanish (2.7%), Mandarin (1.6%), Portuguese (1.3%), French (1.1%), Polish (1.1%), Korean (0.8%), Punjabi (0.8%), Malayalam (0.8%), and Urdu (0.7%). Of the official languages, 98% of the population reported knowing English and 7.2% French.{{cite web |title=Profile table, Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population - London, City (CY) [Census subdivision], Ontario |url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&SearchText=london&DGUIDlist=2021A00053539036&GENDERlist=1,2,3&STATISTIClist=1&HEADERlist=0 |website=www12.statcan.gc.ca |publisher=Statistics Canada |date=9 February 2022}}

In 2021, 48.8% of the population identified as Christian, with Catholics (21.5%) making up the largest denomination, followed by United Church (4.7%), Anglican (4.4%), Orthodox (2.0%), Presbyterian (1.5%), Baptist (1.4%), and other denominations. 37.2% of the population reported no religious affiliation. Others identified as Muslim (8.4%), Hindu (2.1%), Sikh (1.0%), Buddhist (0.9%), Jewish (0.5%), and with other religions.{{cite web |title=Profile table, Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population - London, City (CY) [Census subdivision], Ontario |url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&SearchText=london&DGUIDlist=2021A00053539036&GENDERlist=1,2,3&STATISTIClist=1&HEADERlist=0 |website=www12.statcan.gc.ca |publisher=Statistics Canada |date=9 February 2022}}

{{see also|Category:Companies based in London, Ontario}}

File:LONDONMORNING.jpg, the tallest office building in the city]]

London's economy is dominated by medical research, financial services, manufacturing,{{cite journal |title=Economic Analysis of Ontario |journal=Central 1 |date=March 2018 |volume=9 |issue=1 |url=https://www.central1.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/04/London.pdf |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://www.central1.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/04/London.pdf |archive-date=2022-10-09 |url-status=live |access-date=4 February 2020}} and information technology.{{Citation needed|date=April 2010}} Much of the life sciences and biotechnology related research is conducted or supported by the University of Western Ontario (partly through the Robarts Research Institute), which adds about C$1.5 billion to the London economy annually.{{cite web|url=http://www.servicecanada.gc.ca/eng/on/offices/1208lmb/london.shtml |title=London Labour Market Monitor |date=January 2009 |publisher=Service Canada |access-date=19 July 2009 }}{{dead link|date=May 2016|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}} Private companies in the industry like Alimentiv, PolyAnalytik, KGK Sciences and Sernova are also based in London. The largest employer in London is the London Health Sciences Centre, which employs 10,555 people.{{Cite web|url=http://www.ledc.com/resources/business-directory|title=LEDC – London Economic Development Corporation|website=LEDC – London Economic Development Corporation|access-date=2016-10-17|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161017203848/http://www.ledc.com/resources/business-directory|archive-date=17 October 2016}}

File:robartsri.jpg

Since the economic crisis of 2009, the city has transitioned to become a technology hub with a focus on the Digital Creative sector.{{Cite web|url=http://www.ledc.com/digital-creative|title=LEDC – London Economic Development Corporation|website=LEDC – London Economic Development Corporation|language=en-US|access-date=2017-01-24|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161125045409/http://www.ledc.com/digital-creative|archive-date=25 November 2016}} As of 2016, London is home to 300 technology companies that employ 3% of the city's labour force.{{Cite web|url=http://www.ledc.com/digital-creative|title=LEDC – London Economic Development Corporation|website=LEDC – London Economic Development Corporation|access-date=2016-10-17|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161018220641/http://www.ledc.com/digital-creative|archive-date=18 October 2016}} Many of these companies have moved into former factories and industrial spaces in and around the downtown core, and have renovated them as modern offices. For example, Info-Tech Research Group's London office is in a hosiery factory, and Arcane Digital moved into a 1930s industrial building in 2015.{{Cite web|url=https://lfpress.com/2015/12/13/a-throwback-to-the-steam-engine-era-an-old-downtown-industrial-warehouse-is-debuting-anew-for-the-search-engine-era|title=The Cube: London's newest digital hothouse|last=nurun.com|website=The London Free Press|access-date=2016-10-17|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161018223944/http://www.lfpress.com/2015/12/13/a-throwback-to-the-steam-engine-era-an-old-downtown-industrial-warehouse-is-debuting-anew-for-the-search-engine-era|archive-date=18 October 2016|date=13 December 2015}} The Historic London Roundhouse, a steam locomotive repair shop built in 1887, is now home to Royal LePage Triland Realty, rTraction and more. Its redesign, which opened in 2015, won the 2015 Paul Oberman Award for Adaptive Re-Use from the Architectural Conservancy of Ontario.{{Cite web|url=http://londonroundhouse.com/post/130687606205/lrh-honoured-with-aco-award|title=LRH Honoured with ACO Award|website=The London Roundhouse Project|access-date=2016-10-17|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161018234052/http://londonroundhouse.com/post/130687606205/lrh-honoured-with-aco-award|archive-date=18 October 2016}} London is also home to StarTech.com, Diply, video game companies like Digital Extremes, Big Blue Bubble and Big Viking Games, and Voices.com, which provides voiceover artists a platform to advertise and sell their services to those looking for voiceover work. Other tech companies located in London include AutoData, Carfax Canada, HRDownloads, Mobials, Northern Commerce and Paystone which recently raised $100M.{{cite web | url=https://www.finextra.com/newsarticle/38523/paystone-bags-another-c30m | title=Paystone bags another C$30m | date=26 July 2021 }}

The London Life Insurance Company was founded there,{{cite web| url=http://www.londonlife.com/002/Home/CorporateInformation/CompanyOverview/index.htm| title=Corporate Information: Company Overview| year=2006| publisher=London Life| access-date=19 July 2009| url-status=live| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090418035839/http://www.londonlife.com/002/Home/CorporateInformation/CompanyOverview/index.htm| archive-date=18 April 2009}} as was Canada Trust (in 1864),{{cite web| title=Canada Trust| url=https://thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/canada-trust| first1=Alix| last1=Granger| first2=Eric W.| last2=Daly| work=The Canadian Encyclopedia| date=7 February 2006| access-date=22 September 2014| url-status=live| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150226182504/http://thecanadianencyclopedia.com/en/article/canada-trust/| archive-date=26 February 2015}} Imperial Oil,{{cite web| title=Our History| url=http://www.imperialoil.ca/Canada-English/Imports/history/about_who_history.aspx| access-date=22 September 2014| url-status=dead| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140731101619/http://www.imperialoil.ca/Canada-English/Imports/history/about_who_history.aspx| archive-date=31 July 2014}} GoodLife Fitness, and both the Labatt and Carling breweries. The Libro Financial Group was founded in London 1951 and is the second largest credit union in Ontario and employs over 600 people.{{cite web| title=Introducing the New Libro Credit Union| url=https://www.libro.ca/Community/About.aspx| publisher=Libro Credit Union| access-date=22 September 2014| url-status=dead| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150319165810/https://libro.ca/Community/About.aspx| archive-date=19 March 2015}} Downtown London is also home to major satellite offices for each of the Big Five banks of Canada, particularly TD Bank which employees 2,000 people, and the digital challenger bank VersaBank is also headquartered in the city.

File:London Life Headquarters.jpg

The headquarters of the Canadian division of 3M are in London. General Dynamics Land Systems (GDLS) builds armoured personnel carriers in the city.{{cite press release |url=http://www.generaldynamics.com/news/press-releases/detail.cfm?customel_dataPageID_1811=9003 |title=General Dynamics Awarded $5 Million Contract to Perform Engineering Studies in Support of Mobile Gun System |date=22 October 2004 |publisher=General Dynamics Land Systems |access-date=22 September 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140712153947/http://generaldynamics.com/news/press-releases/detail.cfm?customel_dataPageID_1811=9003 |archive-date=12 July 2014 }} GDLS has a 14-year $15-billion deal to supply light armored vehicles and employs over 2,400 people.{{cite web | url=http://news.nationalpost.com/news/canada/canadian-politics/union-asks-ndp-to-keep-saudi-armoured-vehicles-deal-under-wraps-fearing-significant-job-losses | title=Union asks NDP to keep Saudi armoured vehicles deal 'under wraps,' fearing 'significant' job losses | work=Postmedia Network | date=30 September 2015 | access-date=30 September 2015 | author=De Bono, Norman | url-status=live | archive-url=https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20160318062100/http://news.nationalpost.com/news/canada/canadian%2Dpolitics/union%2Dasks%2Dndp%2Dto%2Dkeep%2Dsaudi%2Darmoured%2Dvehicles%2Ddeal%2Dunder%2Dwraps%2Dfearing%2Dsignificant%2Djob%2Dlosses | archive-date=18 March 2016 }} McCormick Canada, formerly Club House Foods, was founded in 1883 and currently employs more than 600 Londoners. A portion of the city's population work in factories outside of the city limits, including the General Motors automotive plant CAMI, and a Toyota plant in Woodstock. A Ford plant in Talbotville became one of the casualties of the economic crisis in 2011,{{cite news| title=Ontario Ford plant closure brings tears| url=http://www.torontosun.com/2011/09/16/ontario-ford-plant-closure-brings-tears| last=DeBono| first=Norman| date=16 September 2011| newspaper=Toronto Sun| agency=Québecor Média| access-date=22 September 2014| url-status=live| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140913165947/http://www.torontosun.com/2011/09/16/ontario-ford-plant-closure-brings-tears| archive-date=13 September 2014}} the site will soon be home to a major Amazon distribution center employing 2,000 workers by 2023.{{cite web | url=https://lfpress.com/business/local-business/jobs-jobs-jobs-amazon-hiring-2000-workers-for-london-area-fulfillment-centre | title=Jobs, jobs, jobs: Amazon hiring 2,000 workers for local fulfillment centre }}

File:Victoria Hosp London On sc2482.jpg part of the London Health Sciences Centre]]

London's city centre mall was first opened in 1960 as Wellington Square with {{cvt|400,000|sqft}} of leasable area, with Eaton's and Woolworths as anchors. From 1986 to 1989, Campeau expanded Wellington Square into Galleria London with {{cvt|1,000,000|sqft}} of leasable area and 200 stores including The Bay and Eaton's. However, the early 1990s recession, following by the bankruptcy of Eaton's in 1999 and then the departure of The Bay in 2000 resulted in only 20 stores left by 2001. Galleria London then began seeking non-retail tenants, becoming the home for London's central library branch, and satellite campuses for both Fanshawe College and Western University. The complex was purchased and renamed to Citi Plaza by Citigroup in 2009.{{cite web|url=http://reurbanist.com/2012/06/the-transformation-of-galleria-london/|title=The Transformation of Galleria London – Reurbanist|website=reurbanist.com|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402150838/http://reurbanist.com/2012/06/the-transformation-of-galleria-london/|archive-date=2 April 2015|access-date=2 May 2017}} Citi Plaza has been redeveloped as a mixed use complex that blends retail, office, businesses, and education providers. Alongside Citi Cards Canada's offices, in November 2016, CBC announced plans to move its expanded operations into the building.{{Cite news|url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/windsor/london-ontario-cbc-service-1.3836219|title=Public library the new home for CBC's digital, radio programming in London, Ont.|newspaper=CBC News|access-date=2016-11-22|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161122220854/http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/windsor/london-ontario-cbc-service-1.3836219|archive-date=22 November 2016}}

There are many large Real Estate Development firms based in London which are active across Southwestern Ontario. These include Sifton Properties, Drewlo Holdings, Old Oak Properties, Tricar Developments, York Developments, Farhi Holdings and Westdell Developments. Combined, they own or operate over 300 million square feet of commercial and residential real estate.

On 11 December 2009, Minister of State Gary Goodyear announced a new $11-million cargo terminal at the London International Airport.{{cite news| url=https://lfpress.com/news/london/2009/12/01/11988566-sun.html| access-date=22 September 2014| title=London lands freight centre| newspaper=London Free Press| last=Dubinski| first=Kate| date=1 December 2009| url-status=dead| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402121317/http://www.lfpress.com/news/london/2009/12/01/11988566-sun.html| archive-date=2 April 2015}}

{{see also|Media in London, Ontario}}

In 2021, the city established FilmLondon[http://filmlondon.ca/ FilmLondon] through the London Economic Development Corporation in order to attract film and television productions to the city as an alternative to filming in the Greater Toronto Area.{{Cite web |last=Lombardo|first=Christopher |date=2022-08-31 |title=London, Ontario is making an offer filmmakers can't refuse |url=https://strategyonline.ca/2022/08/31/london-ontario-is-making-an-offer-filmmakers-cant-refuse/ |access-date=2022-09-04 |website=strategy}} Notable productions that have resulted from this effort include The Amazing Race Canada 8{{Cite web |title=Amazing Race, awesome city: Reality show set to leg it through London |url=https://lfpress.com/entertainment/television/amazing-race-awesome-city-reality-show-set-to-leg-it-through-london |access-date=2022-08-26 |website=lfpress |language=en-CA}} and The Changeling.{{Cite web |date=2022-08-24 |title=Apple TV series filming Wednesday in downtown London, Ont. |url=https://london.ctvnews.ca/apple-tv-series-filming-wednesday-in-downtown-london-ont-1.6040659 |access-date=2022-08-26 |website=London |language=en}} Notable actors born in London include Ryan Gosling, Rachel McAdams, Victor Garber, Hume Cronyn, Michael McManus, and director Paul Haggis.

File:Western Fair 004.jpg

The city is home to many festivals including SunFest, the London Fringe Theatre Festival, the Forest City Film Festival, the London Ontario Live Arts Festival (LOLA), the Home County Folk Festival, Rock the Park London, Western Fair, Pride London,{{cite web|url=http://www.pridelondon.ca/|title=Pride London Festival|publisher=Pride London Festival|access-date=24 September 2009|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091102163026/http://www.pridelondon.ca/|archive-date=2 November 2009}} and others. The London Rib Fest is the second largest barbecue rib festival in North America.{{cite web|url=http://www.festivalsontario.com/|title=Ribfest|publisher=Family Shows Canada|access-date=24 September 2009|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090423190734/http://www.festivalsontario.com/|archive-date=23 April 2009}} SunFest, a world music festival, is the second largest in Canada after Toronto Caribbean Carnival (Caribana) and is among the top 100 summer destinations in North America.{{cite web|url=http://www.sunfest.on.ca/|title=About Sunfest|publisher=Sunfest|access-date=24 September 2009|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090728221232/http://www.sunfest.on.ca/|archive-date=28 July 2009}}

London has a rich musical history. Guy Lombardo, the internationally acclaimed Big-Band leader, was born in London, as was jazz musician Rob McConnell, country music legend Tommy Hunter, singer-songwriter Meaghan Smith, the heavy metal band Kittie, film composer Trevor Morris, and DJ duo Loud Luxury; it is also the adopted hometown of hip-hop artist Shad Kabango, rock-music producer Jack Richardson, and 1960s folk-funk band Motherlode.

American country-music icon Johnny Cash proposed to his wife June Carter Cash onstage at the London Gardens—site of the famous April 26, 1965, fifteen-minute Rolling Stones concert—during his February 22, 1968 performance in the city (the hometown of his manager Saul Holiff).

Avant-garde noise-pioneers The Nihilist Spasm Band formed in downtown London in 1965. Between 1966 and 1972, the group held a Monday night residency at the York Hotel in the city's core, which established it as a popular venue for emerging musicians and artists; known as Call the Office, the venue served as a hotbed for punk music in the late 1970s and 1980s and hosted college rock bands and weekly alternative-music nights until closing indefinitely in 2020.{{Cite web |title=Call the Office closes indefinitely, adding to city's live music industry woes |url=https://lfpress.com/news/local-news/future-uncertain-for-call-the-office-as-music-venue-closes-indefinitely |access-date=2022-08-26 |website=lfpress |language=en-CA}}

In 2003, CHRW-FM developed The London Music Archives, an online music database that chronicled every album recorded in London between 1966 and 2006,{{Cite web|url=http://chrwradio.com/lma/|title=94.9 CHRW – London Music Archive|website=chrwradio.com |url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161130235352/http://www.chrwradio.com/lma/|archive-date=November 30, 2016}} and in 2019 the CBC released a documentary entitled "London Calling" which outlined "The Secret Musical History of London Ontario" (including its importance for the massively popular electronic-music duo Richie Hawtin and John Acquaviva). London also had (and still has, in an unofficial capacity) a professional symphony orchestra – Orchestra London – which was founded in 1937; although the organization filed for bankruptcy in 2015, members of the orchestra continue to play self-produced concerts under the moniker London Symphonia. In addition, the city is home to the London Community Orchestra, the London Youth Symphony, and the Amabile Choirs of London, Canada.

The Juno Awards of 2019 were hosted in London in March 2019, hosted by singer-songwriter Sarah McLachlan. In 2021, London was named Canada's first City of Music, by UNESCO.{{cite news |url=https://london.ctvnews.ca/london-ont-is-canada-s-first-unesco-city-of-music-1.5657084 |title=London, Ont. is Canada's first UNESCO City of Music |date=November 8, 2021 |first=Amanda |last=Taccone |publisher=CTV News London |access-date=December 14, 2021 |archive-date=14 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231014074307/https://london.ctvnews.ca/london-ont-is-canada-s-first-unesco-city-of-music-1.5657084 |url-status=dead }} The labor union representing entertainment venue workers in London is IATSE Local 105.{{Cite web |date=2012-05-21 |title=105 |url=https://www.legacy.iatse.net/directory/105 |access-date=2022-08-26 |website=IATSE Labor Union, representing the technicians, artisans and craftpersons in the entertainment industry |language=en |archive-date=26 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220826180505/https://www.legacy.iatse.net/directory/105 |url-status=dead }}

File:Eldon House Exterior .jpg

London artists Jack Chambers and Greg Curnoe co-founded The Forest City Gallery in 1973 and the Canadian Artists' Representation society in 1968. Museum London, the city's central Art Gallery, was established in 1940 (initially operated from the London Public Library, until 1980, when Canadian architect Raymond Moriyama was commissioned to design its current home at the forks of the Thames River). London is also home to the Museum of Ontario Archaeology, owned and operated by Western University; it is Canada's only ongoing excavation and partial reconstruction of a prehistoric village—in this case, a Neutral Nation village.{{cite web|url=http://www.uwo.ca/museum/|title=Museum of Ontario Archaeology|publisher=University of Western Ontario|access-date=25 September 2009|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090714203804/http://www.uwo.ca/museum/|archive-date=14 July 2009}} The Royal Canadian Regiment Museum is a military museum at Wolseley Barracks (a Canadian former Forces Base in the city's Carling neighbourhood). The Secrets of Radar Museum was opened at Parkwood Hospital in 2003, and tells the story of the more than 6,000 Canadian World War II veterans who were recruited into a top-secret project during World War II involving radar. The London Regional Children's Museum in South London provides hands-on learning experiences for children and was one of the first children's museums established in Canada. The Canadian Medical Hall of Fame has its headquarters in downtown London and features a medical history museum.

File:Museum London.jpg

Eldon House is the former residence of the prominent Harris Family and oldest surviving such building in London. The entire property was donated to the city of London in 1959 and is now a heritage site. An Ontario Historical Plaque was erected by the province to commemorate The Eldon House's role in Ontario's heritage.{{cite web|url=http://www.ontarioplaques.com/Plaques_MNO/Plaque_Middlesex13.html|title=Eldon House Historical Plaque|year=2005|publisher=Archives of Ontario|access-date=24 September 2009|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080516055329/http://www.ontarioplaques.com/Plaques_MNO/Plaque_Middlesex13.html|archive-date=16 May 2008}}

In addition to Museum London and The Forest City Gallery, London is also home to a number of other galleries and art spaces, including the McIntosh Gallery at Western University, TAP Centre for Creativity, and various smaller galleries such as the Thielsen Gallery, the Westland Gallery, the Michael Gibson Gallery, the Jonathon Bancroft-Snell Gallery, The Art Exchange, Strand Fine Art and others. London also hosts an annual Nuit Blanche every June.

File:710 Dundas Palace Theatre.jpg

London is home to the Grand Theatre, a professional proscenium arch theatre in Central London. The building underwent renovations in 1975 to restore the stage proscenium arch and to add a secondary performance space. The architectural firm responsible for the redesign was awarded a Governor General's award in 1978 for their work on the venue. In addition to professional productions, the Grand Theatre also hosts the High School Project, a program unique to North America that provides high school students an opportunity to work with professional directors, choreographers, musical directors, and stage managers. The Palace Theatre, in Old East Village, originally opened as a silent movie theatre in 1929 and was converted to a live theatre venue in 1991.{{Cite web|url=http://www.palacetheatre.ca/history-of-the-palace/|title=History of The Palace|website=The Palace Theatre|access-date=2016-10-18|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161019160605/http://www.palacetheatre.ca/history-of-the-palace/|archive-date=19 October 2016}} It is currently the home of the London Community Players, and as of 2016 is undergoing extensive historical restoration. The Original Kids Theatre Company, a nonprofit charitable youth organisation, currently puts on productions at the Spriet Family Theatre in the Covent Garden Market.{{Cite web|url=http://originalkids.ca/our-history.html|title=Our History|website=Original Kids Theatre Company|access-date=2016-10-18|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161019143637/http://originalkids.ca/our-history.html|archive-date=19 October 2016}}

London serves as a core setting in Southern Ontario Gothic literature, most notably in the works of James Reaney. The psychologist Richard Maurice Bucke, author of Cosmic Consciousness: A Study in the Evolution of the Human Mind and Walt Whitman's literary executor, lived and worked in London, where he was often visited by Whitman{{Cite web |url=http://www.collectionscanada.gc.ca/collectionsp-bin/colldisp/l=0/c=98 |title=Search – Directory of Special Collections of Research Value in Canadian Libraries |access-date=7 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160307053433/http://www.collectionscanada.gc.ca/collectionsp-bin/colldisp/l=0/c=98 |archive-date=7 March 2016 |url-status=dead }} (the Maurice Bucke Archive are part of the Special Collections in The Weldon Library of Western University). Modern writers from this city include fantasy-fiction authors R. Scott Bakker and Kelley Armstrong, Man Booker Prize winner Eleanor Catton, Scotiabank Giller Prize winner Bonnie Burnard and distinguished nominee Joan Barfoot. Emma Donoghue, whose 2010 novel, Room, was adapted into a 2015 Academy Award-winning film of the same name, also lives in London. WordFest is an annual literary and creative arts festival that takes place each November.

File:Thames River Springbank Park.jpg

In 2020 and 2021, house prices rose significantly across Canada. The average price of a home in Canada in March 2021 was $716,828, a 31.6% year-over-year increase.{{Cite web|last=Gordon|first=Julie|date=2021-04-15|title=Canadian home sales, prices surge to new record in March|url=https://www.ctvnews.ca/business/canadian-home-sales-prices-surge-to-new-record-in-march-1.5388622|access-date=2021-07-30|website=CTVNews|language=en}} Meanwhile, the average cost to purchase a home in London was $607,000 in January 2021; since then increasing to $641,072 in June 2021 according to [https://www.lstar.ca/ LSTAR].{{Cite web|title=LSTAR Home Sales Remain Steady {{!}} London St. Thomas Association of Realtors|url=https://www.lstar.ca/news/lstar-home-sales-remain-steady|access-date=2021-07-30|website=lstar.ca}} As the COVID-19 pandemic has begun to decrease in severity, the housing market in London is showing signs of a cool-down according to some realtors.{{Cite web|title=Home market cooling? Average local sale price dips after 13-month streak|url=https://lfpress.com/news/local-news/home-market-cooling-average-local-sale-price-dips-after-13-month-hot-streak|access-date=2021-07-30|website=lfpress|language=en-CA}} In April 2021, the Bank of Canada reported that the primary reason house prices had increased to such an unprecedented extent was due to housing inventory reaching record lows.{{Cite web|last1=Khan|first1=Mikael|last2=Bilyk|first2=Olga|last3=Ackman|first3=Matthew|date=2021-04-09|title=Update on housing market imbalances and household indebtedness|url=https://www.bankofcanada.ca/2021/04/staff-analytical-note-2021-4/|access-date=2021-07-30|website=bankofcanada.ca|language=en-US}}

File:Foxfield Fox Hollow Trail London Ontario.jpg

Nevertheless, the city's cost of living remains lower than many other southern Ontario cities. London is known for being a medium-sized city with big city amenities, having over 422,000 residents as of the 2021 census yet having all of the services one could find in a large city, including two large-scale shopping malls, Masonville Place and White Oaks Mall, regional health care centres,the London International Airport, Boler Mountain skiing center and post secondary education hubs such as the University of Western Ontario and Fanshawe College. In mid-2021, London had an 8.75% cheaper cost of living, and 27.5% cheaper cost of rent, compared to nearby Toronto.{{Cite web|title=Cost of Living in London|url=https://www.numbeo.com/cost-of-living/in/London-Canada|access-date=2021-08-03|website=numbeo.com|language=en}}

London has nine major parks and gardens throughout the city, many of which run along the Thames River and are interconnected by a series of pedestrian and bike paths, known as the Thames Valley Parkway.{{Cite web|url=https://www.london.ca/residents/Parks/Explore-Parks/Pages/Major-Parks-Gardens.aspx|title=Major Parks and Gardens|website=london.ca|access-date=2016-10-19|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161019153259/https://www.london.ca/residents/Parks/Explore-Parks/Pages/Major-Parks-Gardens.aspx|archive-date=19 October 2016}} This path system is {{convert|40|km|mi|abbr=on}} in length, and connects to an additional {{convert|150|km|mi|abbr=on}} of bike and hiking trails throughout the city.{{Cite web|url=https://www.london.ca/residents/Parks/Explore-Parks/Pages/Thames-Valley-Parkway.aspx|title=Thames Valley Parkway|website=london.ca|access-date=2016-10-19|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161019151155/https://www.london.ca/residents/Parks/Explore-Parks/Pages/Thames-Valley-Parkway.aspx|archive-date=19 October 2016}} The city's largest park, Springbank Park, is {{convert|140|ha|acre|abbr=off|adj=on}} and contains {{convert|30|km|mi|abbr=on}} of trails. It is also home to Storybook Gardens, a family attraction open year-round.

The city includes many pedestrian walkways throughout its neighbourhoods. Newer settled areas in the northwest end of the city include long pathways between housing developments and tall grass bordering Snake Creek, a thin waterway connected to the Thames River. These walkways connect the neighbourhoods of Fox Hollow, White Hills, Sherwood Forest and the western portion of Masonville, also running through parts of Medway Valley Heritage Forest.

London is the home of the London Knights of the Ontario Hockey League, who play at the Canada Life Place. The Knights are 2004–2005 and 2015–2016 OHL and Memorial Cup Champions. During the summer months, the London Majors of the Intercounty Baseball League play at Labatt Park. FC London of League1 Ontario and founded in 2008 is the highest level of soccer in London. The squad plays at German Canadian Club of London Field. Other sports teams include the London Silver Dolphins Swim Team, the Forest City Volleyball Club, London Cricket Club, the London St. George's Rugby Club, the London Aquatics Club, the London Rhythmic Gymnastics Club, the London Rowing Club, London City Soccer Club and Forest City London.

File:Budweiser Gardens - Interior 2015.JPG]]

The Eager Beaver Baseball Association (EBBA) is a baseball league for youths in London. It was first organized in 1955 by former Major League Baseball player Frank Colman, and London sportsman Gordon Berryhill.{{cite web |title=Remembering the Eager Beavers |url=https://www.thelondoner.ca/2014/02/04/remembering-the-eager-beavers |website=Londoner |access-date=21 October 2024}}

Football teams include the London Beefeaters (Ontario Football Conference).

London's basketball team, the London Lightning plays at Canada Life Place. Originally members of the National Basketball League of Canada until the league folded in 2023, they are now members of the Basketball Super League. As members of the NBLC, the London Lightning became six time NBL Canada champions.

File:London vs Hamilton.jpg

There are also a number of former sports teams that have moved or folded. London's four former baseball teams are the London Monarchs (Canadian Baseball League), the London Werewolves (Frontier League), the London Tecumsehs (International Association) and the London Tigers (AA Eastern League). Other former sports teams include the London Lasers (Canadian Soccer League)

File:Budweiser Gardens (Talbot Inn Corner) - London, ON.jpg is home to the London Knights and the London Lightning. The north-east corner at Dundas & Talbot streets is shown. This corner of the building is a replica of the facade of the former Talbot Inn, which stood there for more than 125 years.]]

In March 2013, London hosted the 2013 World Figure Skating Championships. The University of Western Ontario's teams play under the name Mustangs. The university's football team plays at TD Stadium.{{cite web| url=http://www.westernmustangs.ca/sports/2009/7/6/GEN_0706090232.aspx?tab=facilities| title=Facilities| year=2009| publisher=University of Western Ontario| access-date=27 September 2009| url-status=dead| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090926082245/http://www.westernmustangs.ca/sports/2009/7/6/GEN_0706090232.aspx?tab=facilities| archive-date=26 September 2009}} Western's Rowing Team rows out of a boathouse at Fanshawe Lake. Fanshawe College teams play under the name Falcons. The Women's Cross Country team has won 3 consecutive Canadian Collegiate Athletic Association (CCAA) National Championships.{{cite web| url=http://www.ccaa.ca/lethbridge-runners-cross-the-finish-line-first-at-the-2008-ccaa-cross-country-running-open-p185913| title=Lethbridge Runners cross the finish line first at the 2008 CCAA Cross Country Running Open| date=June 2009| publisher=CCAA| access-date=22 September 2014| url-status=dead| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402151243/http://www.ccaa.ca/lethbridge-runners-cross-the-finish-line-first-at-the-2008-ccaa-cross-country-running-open-p185913| archive-date=2 April 2015}} In 2010, the program cemented itself as the first CCAA program to win both Men's and Women's National team titles, as well as CCAA Coach of the Year.{{cite web| url=http://www.ccaa.ca/web/index.php/en/cc-news-archive/601-alberta-runners-top-2010-ccaa-cross-country-running-nationals| title=Alberta Runners Top 2010 CCAA Cross Country Running Nationals| publisher=CCAA| access-date=5 April 2012| url-status=dead| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120308155931/http://www.ccaa.ca/web/index.php/en/cc-news-archive/601-alberta-runners-top-2010-ccaa-cross-country-running-nationals| archive-date=8 March 2012}}

The Western Fair Raceway, about 85 acres harness racing track and simulcast centre, operates year-round.{{cite web| url=http://www.westernfair.com/race/home.html| title=Western Fair Raceway| year=2006| publisher=Western Fair Entertainment Centre| access-date=27 September 2009| url-status=dead| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090902040551/http://www.westernfair.com/race/home.html| archive-date=2 September 2009}} The grounds include a coin slot casino, a former IMAX theatre, and Sports and Agri-complex. Labatt Memorial Park the world's oldest continuously used baseball grounds{{cite news| title=April Baseball at Historic Labatt Park| url=https://lfpress.com/ur/story/870615| last=McLarty| first=Butch| date=1 April 2014| work=London Free Press| access-date=22 September 2014| url-status=dead| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140808042955/http://www.lfpress.com/ur/story/870615| archive-date=8 August 2014}}{{cite web|url=http://www.london.ca/Sports_and_Recreation/PDFs/2008Newsletter.pdf |title=Parks and Recreation Newsletter |date=June 2008 |publisher=City of London |access-date=27 September 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110603234324/http://www.london.ca/Sports_and_Recreation/PDFs/2008Newsletter.pdf |archive-date=3 June 2011 }} was established as Tecumseh Park in 1877; it was renamed in 1937, because the London field has been flooded and rebuilt twice (1883 and 1937), including a re-orientation of the bases (after the 1883 flood). The Forest City Velodrome, at the former London Ice House, is the only indoor cycling track in Ontario and the third to be built in North America, opened in 2005.{{cite web| url=http://www.london.ca/d.aspx?s=/Attractions/default.htm| title=Attractions| year=2009| publisher=City of London| access-date=27 September 2009| url-status=dead| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101125095911/http://london.ca/d.aspx?s=%2FAttractions%2Fdefault.htm| archive-date=25 November 2010}} London is also home to World Seikido, the governing body of a martial art called Seikido which was developed in London in 1987.{{Cite web|url=http://worldseikido.com/html/about/founders.html|title=World Seikido – Founders|website=worldseikido.com|access-date=2019-12-26}}

File:Labatt Memorial park.JPG

{{See also|London City Council|List of mayors of London, Ontario}}

File:Wellington Road Downtown London.jpg

London's municipal government is divided among fourteen councillors (one representing each of London's fourteen wards) and the mayor. Josh Morgan was elected mayor in the 2022 municipal election. Until the elections in 2010, there was a Board of Control, consisting of four controllers and the mayor, all elected citywide.{{cite web| url=http://www.london.ca/d.aspx?s=/City_Council/default.htm| title=Your December 2006 – November 2010 Council| year=2006| publisher=City of London| access-date=27 September 2009| url-status=dead| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101125123613/http://london.ca/d.aspx?s=%2FCity_Council%2Fdefault.htm| archive-date=25 November 2010}}

File:Middlesex County Courthouse.jpg

Although London has many ties to Middlesex County, it has been a separate entity since 1855.{{cite web |author= |date=July 26, 2016 |title=Founding of the Forest City |url=http://www.london.ca/about-london/london-history/pages/overview.aspx |website=london.ca |access-date=8 September 2024 |archive-date=23 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200223125214/http://www.london.ca/about-london/london-history/pages/overview.aspx |url-status=dead }} The exception is the Middlesex County Courthouse and former jail, as the judiciary is administered directly by the province.{{cite web| url=http://www.county.middlesex.on.ca/CountyInformation/About_Middlesex.asp| title=Middlesex County Information| publisher=Middlesex County| access-date=27 September 2009| url-status=dead| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090905035823/http://www.county.middlesex.on.ca/CountyInformation/About_Middlesex.asp| archive-date=5 September 2009}}

London was the first city in Canada (in May 2017) to decide to move a ranked choice ballot for municipal elections starting in 2018. Voters mark their ballots in order of preference, ranking their top three favourite candidates. An individual must reach 50 per cent of the total to be declared elected; in each round of counting where a candidate has not yet reached that target, the person with the fewest votes is dropped from the ballot and their second or third choice preferences reallocated to the remaining candidates, with this process repeating until a candidate has reached 50 per cent.[http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/windsor/london-ranked-ballot-1.4095014 "London, Ont., votes to become 1st Canadian city to use ranked ballots"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170503090057/http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/windsor/london-ranked-ballot-1.4095014 |date=3 May 2017 }}. CBC News Windsor, 2 May 2017.

In 2001, the City of London first published their Facilities Accessibility Design Standards (FADS) which was one of the first North American municipal accessibility requirements to include Universal Design. It has since been adopted by over 50 municipalities in Canada and the United States.{{cite web| url=https://www.london.ca/city-hall/accessibility/Pages/Facilities-Accessibility-Design-Standards.aspx| title=Facilities Accessibility Design Standards (FADS)| year=2016| publisher=City of London Ontario| access-date=20 August 2016| url-status=dead| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160621174137/http://www.london.ca/city-hall/accessibility/Pages/Facilities-Accessibility-Design-Standards.aspx| archive-date=21 June 2016}}

In addition to mayor Josh Morgan, the following councillors were elected in the 2022 municipal election for the 2022–2026 term:

The city includes four provincial ridings. In the provincial government, London is represented by New Democrats Terence Kernaghan (London North Centre), Teresa Armstrong (London—Fanshawe) and Peggy Sattler (London West), and Progressive Conservative Rob Flack (Elgin—Middlesex—London).{{cite web| url=http://www.ontla.on.ca/web/members/members_current.do?locale=en&ord=Riding&dir=ASC&list_type=all_mpps| title=Current MPPs| publisher=Legislative Assembly of Ontario| access-date=26 October 2013| url-status=dead| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029193611/http://www.ontla.on.ca/web/members/members_current.do?locale=en&ord=Riding&dir=ASC&list_type=all_mpps| archive-date=29 October 2013}}

The London and surrounding area includes four federal ridings.{{cite web|url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/kitchener-waterloo/canada-election-2015-london-west-north-centre-fanshawe-elgin-middlesex-1.3278673|title=London ridings: Canada Election 2015 results|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170108013201/http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/kitchener-waterloo/canada-election-2015-london-west-north-centre-fanshawe-elgin-middlesex-1.3278673|archive-date=8 January 2017}} In the federal government, London is represented by Conservative Karen Vecchio (Elgin—Middlesex—London), Liberals Peter Fragiskatos (London North Centre) and Arielle Kayabaga (London West), and New Democrat Lindsay Mathyssen (London—Fanshawe).{{cite web| url=http://webinfo.parl.gc.ca/MembersOfParliament/MainMPsCompleteList.aspx?TimePeriod=Current&Language=E| title=Members of Parliament| publisher=Parliament of Canada| access-date=7 June 2011| url-status=dead| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110424171818/http://webinfo.parl.gc.ca/MembersOfParliament/MainMPsCompleteList.aspx?Language=E&TimePeriod=Current| archive-date=24 April 2011}}

File:London 2010 Veterans Day parade025.jpg

{{Main|London Police Service}}

{{As of|2023|6|1}} the London Police Service (LPS) is headed by Chief of Police Thai Truong. He is supported by two deputy chiefs: Paul Bastien, in charge of operations, and Trish McIntyre, in charge of administration.{{cite web | url=https://www.londonpolice.ca/en/about/Senior-Executive.aspx#:~:text=Deputy%20Chief%20of%20Police%2C%20Operations%20%2D%20Paul%20Bastien | title=About | date=10 October 2023 }} The service is governed by a seven-member civilian police board, of which the current board chair is Ali Chabar, General Legal Counsel and Executive Officer with the Thames Valley District School Board c.{{cite web | url=https://www.londonpolice.ca/en/about/Police-Services-Board.aspx | title=About | date=10 October 2023 }} As of December 2020, the LPS had the fewest police officers per capita in Southwestern Ontario.{{Cite web|title=London has fewest cops per capita in Southwestern Ontario: StatCan|url=https://lfpress.com/news/local-news/london-has-fewest-police-officers-per-capita-in-southwestern-ontario|access-date=2021-07-28|website=lfpress|language=en-CA}} Its vehicles include light armoured vehicles donated by General Dynamics Land Systems, which the CBC observed in 2019 were rarely used.{{Cite news|last=Dubinski|first=Kate|date=April 3, 2019|title=How often do London police use their light armoured vehicles?|work=CBC News London|url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/london/london-ontario-police-light-armoured-vehicles-1.5081305}}

{{Main|Organized crime in London, Ontario}}

Statistics from police indicate that total overall crimes in London held steady between 2010 and 2016, at roughly 24,000 to 27,000 incidents per year.[https://www.londonpolice.ca/en/about/Crime-Statistics.aspx Crime Statistics] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160815020719/http://www.londonpolice.ca/en/about/Crime-Statistics.aspx |date=15 August 2016 }} from LondonPolice.ca, accessed 10 August 2018 The majority of incidents are property crimes, with violent crimes dropping markedly (up to about 20%) between 2012 and 2014 but rising again in 2015–2016. In July 2018, Police Deputy Chief Steve Williams was quoted as saying many crimes go unreported to police.CBC News, [https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/london/london-crime-severity-rate-stats-canada-1.4759610 London crime severity rate sees an increase, report says] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180816043131/http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/london/london-crime-severity-rate-stats-canada-1.4759610 |date=16 August 2018 }}, 24 Jul 2018, accessed 10 August 2018 However, in 2021, the city surpassed its 2005 homicide record, with the city reporting 16 murders with a rate of 3.8 per 100,000 people.{{Cite web |last=Government of Canada |first=Statistics Canada |date=2021-04-13 |title=Number and rate of homicide victims, by Census Metropolitan Areas |url=https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/t1/tbl1/en/tv.action?pid=3510007101 |access-date=2023-08-04 |website=www150.statcan.gc.ca}}

The city has been home to several high-profile incidents over the years such as the Ontario Biker War and the London Conflict, it was also the location where most of the trial for the Shedden Massacre took place.

Research by Michael Andrew Arntfield, a police officer turned criminology professor, has determined that on a per-capita basis, London had more active serial killers than any locale in the world from 1959 to 1984.Michael Arntfield (2018). Murder City: The Untold Story of Canada's Serial Killer Capital, 1959-1984. FriesenPress Arntfield determined there were at least six serial killers active in London during this era. Some went unidentified, but known killers in London included Russell Maurice Johnson, Gerald Thomas Archer, and Christian Magee.Jared Lindzon [https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/aug/19/serial-killer-london-ontario-canada What turned one city in Canada into the 'serial killer capital' of the world?] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170510110808/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/aug/19/serial-killer-london-ontario-canada |date=10 May 2017 }}, TheGuardian.com, 19 August 2015; accessed 10 Aug 2018

On 6 June 2021, the London, Ontario truck attack took place in the North West of the city. Four members of a Canadian Muslim family, two women aged 74 and 44, a 46-year-old man and a 15-year-old girl were all killed by a pickup truck, which jumped the curb and ran them over. The sole survivor was a 9-year-old boy. According to the London Police Service, they were deliberately targeted in anti-Islamic hate crime. Later on the same day, 20-year-old Nathaniel Veltman was arrested in the parking lot of a nearby mall. He was charged with four counts of first-degree murder and one count of attempted murder.{{Cite news|date=2021-06-08|title=Muslim family in Canada killed in 'premeditated' truck attack|language=en-GB|publisher=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-57390398|access-date=2021-07-03}}{{Cite news|last=Austen|first=Ian|date=2021-06-09|title=As a Family Is Mourned, Canada Grapples With Anti-Muslim Bias|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/06/09/world/canada/muslim-family-london.html|access-date=2021-07-03|issn=0362-4331}}

In September 2023, the trial for the accused began in Windsor, ON. This was the first time Canadian jurors heard legal arguments for terrorism related to white supremacy.{{Cite news |date=2023-09-11 |title=Canada Truck attack: Trial begins for man accused of killing Muslim family |language=en-GB |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-66758437 |access-date=2023-09-21}} Shortly after the attack, the accused told police, "I admit it was terrorism...I was a ticking bomb, ready to go off." He also admitted that his hate towards minority groups began with looking for information online about Donald Trump's election for U.S. president.{{Cite news |last=Dubinski |first=Kate |date=September 15, 2023 |title=Accused killer of Muslim family explains in post-arrest rant his rationale for truck attack in London, Ont. |work=CBC |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/london/accused-killer-of-muslim-family-explains-in-post-arrest-rant-his-rationale-for-truck-attack-in-london-ont-1.6967808 }}

In February 2024 Veltman was sentenced to five life sentences with no possibility of parole for 25 years.{{Cite web |last=Loriggio |first=Maan Alhmidi in London, Ont , and Paola |date=2024-02-22 |title=London attack deemed terrorism, Veltman gets life sentence with no parole for 25 yrs |url=https://www.cp24.com/mobile/news/london-attack-deemed-terrorism-veltman-gets-life-sentence-with-no-parole-for-25-yrs-1.6778640#?referrer=https://www.google.com/ |access-date=2024-09-01 |website=CP24 |language=en |archive-date=1 September 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240901013748/https://www.cp24.com/mobile/news/london-attack-deemed-terrorism-veltman-gets-life-sentence-with-no-parole-for-25-yrs-1.6778640#?referrer=https://www.google.com/ |url-status=dead }}

File:Front_View_of_The_Dominion_Public_Building.jpg is an Art Deco office building located on Richmond Street in London.]]

The City of London initiatives in Old East London are helping to create a renewed sense of vigour in the East London Business District. Specific initiatives include the creation of the Old East Heritage Conservation District under Part V of the Ontario Heritage Act, special Building Code policies and Facade Restoration Programs.{{cite web| url=http://www.oldeastvillage.com/pdf_reports/Re-establishingValue-aPlanfortheOldEastVillage.pdf| title=Re-establishing Value| publisher=Ontario Professional Planners Institute| access-date=17 July 2009| url-status=dead| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090106114902/http://www.oldeastvillage.com/pdf_reports/Re-establishingValue-aPlanfortheOldEastVillage.pdf| archive-date=6 January 2009}}

London is home to heritage properties representing a variety of architectural styles,{{cite web| url=http://www.london.ca/d.aspx?s=/Heritage/HeritageCitymap.htm| title=Heritage Inventory| publisher=City of London| access-date=24 September 2009| url-status=dead| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101125182835/http://london.ca/d.aspx?s=%2FHeritage%2FHeritageCitymap.htm| archive-date=25 November 2010}} including Queen Anne, Art Deco, Modern, and Brutalist.

Londoners have become protective of the trees in the city, protesting "unnecessary" removal of trees.{{cite web| url=http://www.londonkiosk.ca/london-tourism.php| title=London Tourism Information| year=2009| publisher=London Kiosk| access-date=27 September 2009| url-status=dead| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090220151300/http://www.londonkiosk.ca/london-tourism.php| archive-date=20 February 2009}} The City Council and tourist industry have created projects to replant trees throughout the city. As well, they have begun to erect metal trees of various colours in the downtown area, causing some controversy.{{cite news|url=http://www.gazette.uwo.ca/pdf/Gazette-2008-09-30.pdf |title=Metal Tree Planting Continues |last=Haggarty |first=Jaclyn |date=30 September 2008 |newspaper=UWO Gazette |page=1 |access-date=21 October 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110611181107/https://www.gazette.uwo.ca/pdf/Gazette-2008-09-30.pdf |archive-date=11 June 2011 }}

{{see also|List of roads in London, Ontario}}

File:Highway 401 from Wellington Road in London, Looking West Towards Highway 402.jpg in London, looking towards Highway 402 from Wellington Road]]

London is at the junction of Highway 401 that connects the city to Toronto and Windsor, and Highway 402 to Sarnia.{{cite web| url=http://goodmovelondon.com/gettingto/| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080503121435/http://goodmovelondon.com/gettingto/| archive-date=3 May 2008| title=Getting to London| year=2006| publisher=LEDC| access-date=27 September 2009}}{{cite web| url=http://www.mto.gov.on.ca/english/news/regional/2000/2000-0001.shtml| title=Ontario government improving Highway 402 between London and Sarnia| year=2009| publisher=Government of Ontario| access-date=27 September 2009| url-status=dead| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090630002953/http://www.mto.gov.on.ca/english/news/regional/2000/2000-0001.shtml| archive-date=30 June 2009}} Also, Highway 403, which diverges from the 401 at nearby Woodstock, provides ready access to Brantford, Hamilton, and the Niagara Peninsula.{{cite web| url=http://www.thekingshighway.ca/Highway403.htm| title=The King's Highway 403| last=Bevers| first=Cameron| year=2002| access-date=27 September 2009| url-status=live| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100306075339/http://www.thekingshighway.ca/Highway403.htm| archive-date=6 March 2010}} Many smaller two-lane highways also pass through or near London, including Kings Highways 2, 3, 4, 7 and 22. Some of these are no longer highways, as provincial downloading in the 1980s and 1990s put responsibility for most provincial highways on municipal governments.{{cite web| url=http://www.thekingshighway.ca/Highway24.htm| title=The King's Highway 24| last=Bevers| first=Cameron| year=2002| access-date=27 September 2009| url-status=live| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100730074215/http://www.thekingshighway.ca/Highway24.htm| archive-date=30 July 2010}} Nevertheless, these roads continue to provide access from London to nearby communities and locations in much of Western Ontario, including Goderich, Port Stanley and Owen Sound. A 4.5 km long section of Highbury Ave., connecting the east end of London to Highway 401, consists of an controlled-access highway with 100 km/h speed limits.{{cite web | title = The King's Highway 126 | author = Cameron Bevers | url = http://www.thekingshighway.ca/Highway126.htm | access-date = 27 November 2010}}

File:Veterans Memorial Parkway, London, Ontario.jpg, an at-grade expressway]]

Wellington Road between Commissioners Road East and Southdale Road E is London's busiest section of roadway, with more than 46,000 vehicles using the span on an average day{{cite web| title=City of London Traffic Volume Data| author=City of London| date=2013| url=http://www.london.ca/residents/Roads-Transportation/traffic-management/Pages/Traffic-Volumes.aspx| access-date=26 October 2011| url-status=dead| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131217221612/http://www.london.ca/residents/Roads-Transportation/traffic-management/Pages/Traffic-Volumes.aspx| archive-date=17 December 2013}} London does not have any freeways passing directly through the city. City council rejected early plans for the construction of a freeway, and instead accepted the Veterans Memorial Parkway to serve the east end.{{cite web|title=Long-Term Transportation Corridor Protection Study |publisher=City of London |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130913040755/http://london.ca/d.aspx?s=%2FTransportation%2Fcorridorstudy.htm |archive-date=13 September 2013 |url=http://london.ca/d.aspx?s=/Transportation/corridorstudy.htm |access-date=17 December 2013 |url-status=dead }} Some Londoners have expressed concern the absence of a local freeway may hinder London's economic and population growth, while others have voiced concern such a freeway would destroy environmentally sensitive areas and contribute to London's suburban sprawl.{{cite web| url=http://www.london.ca/city-hall/master-plans-reports/master-plans/Documents/Transportation%20Master%20Plan.pdf| title=Transportation Master Plan| date=May 2013| publisher=City of London| pages=2–23| access-date=17 December 2013| url-status=dead| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131217221358/http://www.london.ca/city-hall/master-plans-reports/master-plans/Documents/Transportation%20Master%20Plan.pdf| archive-date=17 December 2013}} Road capacity improvements have been made to Veterans Memorial Parkway (formerly named Airport Road and Highway 100) in the industrialized east end.{{cite web| archive-date=7 August 2007| title=King's Highway 401 – Images| last=Steeves| first=Scott| year=2004| url=http://www.onthighways.com/hwy_401_images/Hwy401_p4_images.htm| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070807234534/http://onthighways.com/hwy_401_images/Hwy401_p4_images.htm| access-date=28 September 2009}} However, the Parkway has received criticism for not being built as a proper highway; a study conducted in 2007 suggested upgrading it by replacing the intersections with interchanges.{{cite web| title=Veterans Memorial Parkway| year=2007| publisher=City of London| url=http://www.london.ca/residents/Environment/EAs/Documents/VMP-PicBoard2.pdf| access-date=17 December 2013| url-status=dead| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131217224349/http://www.london.ca/residents/Environment/EAs/Documents/VMP-PicBoard2.pdf| archive-date=17 December 2013}}

{{main|Streetcars in London, Ontario|Rapid Transit (London, Ontario)}}

File:London Transit New Flyer.jpg

In the late 19th century, and the early 20th century, an extensive network of streetcar routes served London.

London's public transit system is run by the London Transit Commission, which has 44 bus routes throughout the city.{{cite web|url=http://www.ltconline.ca/Routes.htm|title=Routes and Schedules|publisher=London Transit Commission|access-date=19 October 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090918223851/http://www.ltconline.ca/Routes.htm|archive-date=18 September 2009}} Although the city has lost ridership over the last few years, the commission is making concerted efforts to enhance services by implementing a five-year improvement plan. In 2015, an additional 17,000 hours of bus service was added throughout the city. In 2016, 11 new operators, 5 new buses, and another 17,000 hours of bus service were added to the network.{{Cite web|url=https://lfpress.com/2016/08/16/more-hours-new-names-for-routes-coming-next-month-as-overhaul-of-the-london-transit-commission-enters-next-phase|title=LTC rolling out big changes|last=nurun.com|website=The London Free Press|access-date=2016-10-19|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161019212621/http://www.lfpress.com/2016/08/16/more-hours-new-names-for-routes-coming-next-month-as-overhaul-of-the-london-transit-commission-enters-next-phase|archive-date=19 October 2016|date=16 August 2016}} London has started construction of a bus rapid transit network.{{cite web |author=City of London |authorlink=London, Ontario |date=3 May 2017 |title=Shift Rapid Transit Public Participation Meeting |url=https://d3n8a8pro7vhmx.cloudfront.net/shiftlondon/pages/129/attachments/original/1493823514/May_3_PPM-Overview_Presentation.pdf |accessdate=15 January 2018}} Construction of this network was initially anticipated to begin in 2019,{{cite web |author=City of London |authorlink=London, Ontario |title=Timeline |url=https://www.shiftlondon.ca/timeline |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180604125401/https://www.shiftlondon.ca/timeline |archive-date=2018-06-04 |accessdate=June 4, 2018 |publisher=Shift London}} but after delays, changes to the design,{{cite web |title=Rapid Transit | City of London |url=https://london.ca/rapidtransit}} construction started on the first BRT project, the Downtown Loop, in spring 2021 and will continue in phases until 2030.{{Cite web |last=City of London |title=Downtown Loop (rapid transit) |url=https://getinvolved.london.ca/downtownloop |access-date=August 18, 2021}} The project received C$170 million in funding from the Ontario government on January 15, 2018.{{cite news |date=15 January 2018 |title=London getting $170M from province for rapid transit |url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/london/london-ontario-170million-rapid-transit-brt-1.4487861 |accessdate=15 January 2018 |publisher=CBC News}}

File:Bike Lane Wortley.jpg

London has {{convert|330|km|mi|abbr=on}} of cycling paths throughout the city, {{convert|91|km|mi|abbr=on}} of which have been added since 2005.{{Cite web|url=https://www.londonbikes.ca/document/1-new-updated-london-bikes-executive-summary|title=#1: NEW- Updated London ON Bikes Executive Summary {{!}} City of London Cycling Master Plan Update|website=londonbikes.ca|access-date=2016-10-19|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161019212815/https://www.londonbikes.ca/document/1-new-updated-london-bikes-executive-summary|archive-date=19 October 2016}} In June 2016, London unveiled its first bike corrals, which replace parking for one vehicle with fourteen bicycle parking spaces, and fix-it stations, which provide cyclists with simple tools and a bicycle pump, throughout the city.{{Cite web|url=https://www.london.ca/newsroom/Pages/bike-carrols.aspx|title=City Unveils London's First Ever Bike Corrals and New Fix-it Stations|website=london.ca|access-date=2016-10-19|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161019213751/https://www.london.ca/newsroom/Pages/bike-carrols.aspx|archive-date=19 October 2016}} In September 2016, city council approved a new 15 year cycling master plan that will see the construction of an additional {{convert|470|km|mi|abbr=on}} of cycling paths added to the existing network.{{Cite web|url=https://lfpress.com/2016/09/06/london-bike-path-plan-ready-for-action|title=Cycling plan ready for public test ride|last=nurun.com|website=The London Free Press|access-date=2016-10-19|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161020040003/http://www.lfpress.com/2016/09/06/london-bike-path-plan-ready-for-action|archive-date=20 October 2016|date=6 September 2016}}

File:VIA Rail Train London Ontario.jpg station in downtown London is Canada's fourth-busiest railway terminal.]]

London is on the Canadian National Railway main line between Toronto and Chicago (with a secondary main line to Windsor) and the Canadian Pacific Railway main line between Toronto and Detroit.{{cite web| url=http://www.londonedc.com/forsiteselectors/infrastructure/transportation/| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070809231730/http://www.londonedc.com/forsiteselectors/infrastructure/transportation/| archive-date=August 9, 2007| title=Transportation| year=2006| publisher=London Economic Development Corporation| access-date=September 28, 2009}} Via Rail operates regional passenger service through London station as part of the Quebec City–Windsor Corridor, with connections to the United States.{{cite web| url=http://www.viarail.ca/en/stations/ontario/london/routes| title=Train routes to/from London| publisher=Via Rail| access-date=September 28, 2009| url-status=dead| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090904104043/http://www.viarail.ca/en/stations/ontario/london/routes| archive-date=September 4, 2009}} Via Rail's London terminal is the fourth-busiest passenger terminal in Canada. In October 2021 GO Transit began a two-year pilot project providing commuter rail service between London and Toronto along the Kitchener line.{{cite news |last1=Butler |first1=Colin |title=How is ridership aboard London's new GO Train after 6 months? It's complicated |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/london/london-ontario-go-train-1.6426340 |access-date=18 December 2022 |agency=CBC News |date=22 April 2022}} The pilot project ended in October 2023.{{Cite web |date=2023-10-13 |title=London-Toronto GO Train service ends, leaving Stratford with fewer options |url=https://kitchener.ctvnews.ca/london-toronto-go-train-service-ends-leaving-stratford-with-fewer-options-1.6600741 |access-date=2024-05-15 |website=Kitchener |language=en}}{{cite news |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/london/go-train-service-between-london-and-toronto-ending-this-fall-as-via-rail-returns-1.6894985 |title=GO Train service between London and Toronto ending this fall as VIA Rail returns|date=July 2, 2023 |publisher=CBC News |access-date=August 13, 2023}}

London is also a destination for inter-city bus travellers. In 2009, London was the seventh-busiest Greyhound Canada terminal in terms of passengers.{{cite web| url=http://www.greyhound.ca/HOME/en/About/FactsAndFigures.aspx| title=Facts & Figures| publisher=Greyhound Canada| access-date=September 28, 2009| url-status=dead| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090719100726/http://www.greyhound.ca/HOME/en/About/FactsAndFigures.aspx| archive-date=July 19, 2009}} Greyhound Canada no longer operates,{{Cite news |date=May 13, 2021 |title=Greyhound Canada to cut all routes, end operations |url=https://www.ctvnews.ca/business/greyhound-canada-to-cut-all-routes-end-operations-1.5426464 |work=CTV News}} but other operators have entered the market, including Megabus{{Cite web |title=Bus Stops | megabus |url=https://ca.megabus.com/stops}} and FlixBus{{Cite news |last=Dunne |first=James |date=8 April 2022 |title=Giant German bus company hits the highway in Canada |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/business/flixbus-bus-service-ontario-market-1.6412670/ |work=CBC News}} that provide service throughout southwestern Ontario.

London International Airport (YXU) is the 12th busiest passenger airport in Canada and the 11th busiest airport in Canada by take-offs and landings. It is served by airlines including Air Canada Express, and WestJet, and provides direct flights to both domestic and international destinations, including Toronto, Orlando, Ottawa, Winnipeg, Calgary, Cancún, Vancouver, Varadero, Punta Cana, Montego Bay, Santa Clara, and Holguin.{{cite web| url=http://www.londonairport.on.ca/airlines.html| title=Airlines and Tour Operators| publisher=London International Airport| access-date=February 19, 2011| url-status=dead| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110304003935/http://www.londonairport.on.ca/airlines.html| archive-date=March 4, 2011}}

File:London International Airport arrivals outside.jpg]]

Additional cycleways are planned for integration in road-widening projects, where there is need and sufficient space along routes. An expressway/freeway network is possible along the eastern and western ends of the city, from Highway 401 (and Highway 402 for the western route) past Oxford Street, potentially with another highway, joining the two in the city's north end.

The city of London has assessed the entire length of the Veterans Memorial Parkway, identifying areas where interchanges can be constructed, grade separations can occur, and where cul-de-sacs can be placed. Upon completion, the Veterans Memorial Parkway would no longer be an expressway, but a freeway, for the majority of its length.{{cite web| title= Veterans Memorial Parkway Interchange Class Environmental Assessment Study and Concurrent Application to Amend the Official Plan and Zoning By-Law| author= City of London and Giffels| date= 13 December 2007| url= http://www.london.ca/residents/Environment/EAs/Documents/VMP-PicBoard2.pdf| access-date= 17 December 2013| url-status= dead| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20131217224349/http://www.london.ca/residents/Environment/EAs/Documents/VMP-PicBoard2.pdf| archive-date= 17 December 2013}}

File:UniversityCollegeUWO.jpg]]

{{See also|List of schools in London, Ontario}}

London public elementary and secondary schools are governed by four school boards – the Thames Valley District School Board, the London District Catholic School Board and the French first-language school boards (the Conseil scolaire Viamonde and the Conseil scolaire catholique Providence or CSC). The CSC has a satellite office in London."[https://archive.today/20141215050148/http://www.cscprovidence.ca/fr/nous-joindre/3-bureau-satellite-de-london-middlesex Bureau satellite de London / Middlesex]." Conseil scolaire catholique Providence. Retrieved on 15 December 2014. "Adresse: 920, rue Huron London Ontario N5Y 4K4 Canada"

There are also more than twenty private schools in the city.{{cite web|url=http://london.ca/d.aspx?s=/Education/default.htm |title=Education |year=2009 |publisher=City of London |access-date=28 September 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130806084408/http://london.ca/d.aspx?s=%2FEducation%2Fdefault.htm |archive-date=6 August 2013 |url-status=dead }}

The city is home to two post-secondary institutions: the University of Western Ontario (UWO) and Fanshawe College, a college of applied arts and technology. UWO, founded in 1878, has about 3,500 full-time faculty and staff members and almost 30,000 undergraduate and graduate students.{{cite web| url=http://communications.uwo.ca/about/waywewere.htm| title=About Western| publisher=University of Western Ontario| access-date=28 September 2009| url-status=dead| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100209040802/http://communications.uwo.ca/about/waywewere.htm| archive-date=9 February 2010}} The Richard Ivey School of Business, part of UWO, was formed in 1922.{{cite web| url=http://rankings.ft.com/businessschoolrankings/global-mba-rankings| title=Global MBA Rankings 2009| year=2009| work=Financial Times| access-date=24 September 2009| url-status=live| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110504135153/http://rankings.ft.com/businessschoolrankings/global-mba-rankings| archive-date=4 May 2011}} UWO has two affiliated colleges: Huron University College, founded in 1863 (also the founding college of UWO) and King's University College, founded in 1954.{{cite web |url=http://www.huronuc.on.ca/about_huron/more_about_huron/historical_information/ |title=Historical Information |publisher=Huron University College |access-date=28 September 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080618074047/http://www.huronuc.on.ca/about_huron/more_about_huron/historical_information/ |archive-date=18 June 2008}}{{cite web| url=http://www.kings.uwo.ca/about/quick_facts/| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100811074319/http://www.kings.uwo.ca/about/quick_facts/| archive-date=11 August 2010| title=Quick Facts| publisher=King's University College| access-date=5 April 2012}} As well as one former affiliated college; Brescia University College, founded in 1919 (Canada's only university-level women's college).{{cite web |title=About |url=http://brescia.uwo.ca/about/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190827122345/http://brescia.uwo.ca/about/ |archive-date=27 August 2019 |access-date=27 August 2019 |publisher=Brescia University College}}{{Cite web |date=2023-09-27 |title='Felt like we had been lied to': Hundreds rally against Brescia-Western merger |url=https://london.ctvnews.ca/felt-like-we-had-been-lied-to-hundreds-rally-against-brescia-western-merger-1.6580295 |access-date=2023-09-28 |website=London |language=en}} All three are liberal arts colleges with religious affiliations: Huron with the Anglican Church of Canada and King's and Brescia with the Roman Catholic Church.{{cite web| url=http://www.ipb.uwo.ca/facts.php| title=Western Facts| year=2008| publisher=University of Western Ontario| access-date=24 September 2009| url-status=live| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090612210617/http://www.ipb.uwo.ca/facts.php| archive-date=12 June 2009}}

File:Dundas St mosbo6.jpg's downtown campus in sight]]

Fanshawe College has an enrollment of approximately 15,000 students, including 3,500 apprentices and over 500 international students from more than 30 countries.{{cite web|url=http://www.fanshawec.ca/EN/counsellors/teachers/why.html|title=Why Fanshawe?|publisher=Fanshawe College|access-date=28 September 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091011102418/http://www.fanshawec.ca/EN/counsellors/teachers/why.html |archive-date=11 October 2009}} It also has almost 40,000 students in part-time continuing education courses.

The Ontario Institute of Audio Recording Technology (OIART), founded in 1983, offers recording studio experience for audio engineering students.{{cite web| url=http://www.oiart.org/school/| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110722023053/http://www.oiart.org/school/| url-status=dead| archive-date=22 July 2011| title=Practical Studio Experience| publisher=OIART| access-date=28 September 2009}}

Westervelt College is also in London. This private career college was founded in 1885 and offers several diploma programs.{{cite web| url=http://www.westervelt.ca/default.aspx| title=Westervelt College| publisher=Westervelt College| access-date=28 August 2013| url-status=dead| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130906131450/http://www.westervelt.ca/Default.aspx| archive-date=6 September 2013}}

{{Portal|Ontario}}

• CFB London
• List of people from London, Ontario
• List of royal visits to London, Ontario
• List of tallest buildings in London, Ontario
• Asteroid 12310 Londontario, named for the city

{{Reflist|refs=

{{cite news

|url = http://skyrisecities.com/news/2016/05/once-upon-tram-london-street-railway-companys-60-year-run-ontario

|title = Once Upon a Tram: The London Street Railway Company's 60-year Run in Ontario

|author = Adrian Gamble

|date = 2016-05-16

|access-date = 2017-03-16

|url-status = live

|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170317054816/http://skyrisecities.com/news/2016/05/once-upon-tram-london-street-railway-companys-60-year-run-ontario

|archive-date = 17 March 2017

}}

{{cite news

|url = https://lfpress.com/2015/12/06/its-back-to-the-transit-future

|title = It's back to the transit future

|author = Patrick Maloney

|newspaper = The London Free Press

|date = 2015-12-06

|access-date = 2017-03-16

|quote = But O'Neil, a local-history buff, has unearthed a document that suggests the proposed rail lines for London's rapid-transit proposal are perfectly placed. He found a map outlining London's streetcar lines in 1914, and notes the two lines earmarked today for light rail are where the old trolleys ran a century ago.

|url-status = live

|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170316205548/http://www.lfpress.com/2015/12/06/its-back-to-the-transit-future

|archive-date = 16 March 2017

}}

}}

{{notelist}}

• {{cite book| last1=Armstrong| first1=Frederick H| last2=Lutman| first2=John| title=The Forest City: An Illustrated History of London, Canada| publisher=Windsor Publications| year=1986| isbn=978-0897811804| url-access=registration| url=https://archive.org/details/forestcityillust0000arms}}

• {{Official website}}

{{Sister bar|London (Ontario)|auto=y}}

{{London, Ontario}}

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South=Southwold, Central Elgin|

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