Timeline of Nice

The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Nice, France.

Prior to 19th century

262 CE - Nice taken by Goth forces.{{sfn|Overall|1870}}
859 - Nice sacked by Saracens.{{sfn|Britannica|1910}}
880 - Nice sacked by Saracens again.{{sfn|Britannica|1910}}
1388 - {{Interlanguage link multi|Dedication of Nice to Savoy|fr|3=Dédition de Nice à la Savoie}} effected.{{sfn|Britannica|1910}}
1538 - {{Interlanguage link multi|Paix de Nice|fr|3=Paix de Nice|lt=Peace treaty}} signed in Nice.
1543 - Siege of Nice by Turkish forces.{{sfn|Overall|1870}}
1545 - {{Interlanguage link multi|Pont-Vieux, Nice|fr|3=Pont-Vieux}} (bridge) rebuilt.
1561 - Italian replaces Latin as official language of Nice.
1564 - Major earthquake.Moroni, Andrea, and Massimiliano Stucchi. "Materials for the investigation of the 1564, Maritime Alps earthquake." (1989). [http://emidius.mi.ingv.it/RHISE/i_8mor/i_8mor.html online]
1650/85 - Nice Cathedral constructed.{{sfn|Britannica|1910}}
1706 - Castle of Nice demolished by Duke of Berwick by command of Louis XIV.{{sfn|Britannica|1910}}
1720
Nice becomes part of the Kingdom of Sardinia.
Medical school established.{{Citation needed|date=December 2015}}
1722 - Hôtel de Ville built.{{cite web|url= https://www.pss-archi.eu/immeubles/FR-06088-40634.html |title= Hôtel de Ville de Nice|publisher=PSS Architecture|access-date=15 October 2024}}
1724 - {{Interlanguage link multi|Abbaye Saint-Pons de Nice|fr}} church built.{{Base Mérimée|PA00080774|Ancienne abbaye de Saint-Pons, actuellement hôpital Pasteur}}
1770 - Quai des Ponchettes built.{{sfn|Britannica|1910}}
1772 - {{Interlanguage link multi|Gazette de Nice|fr}} newspaper begins publication.
1780 - {{Interlanguage link multi|Route Royale Nice-Turin|fr}} paved.
1783 - Cimetière du Château (cemetery) established.
1784 - {{Interlanguage link multi|Chapelle du Saint-Sépulcre de Nice|fr}} built.
1790 - Public library founded.{{Cite EB1911|wstitle= Libraries |volume= 16 |last1= Tedder |first1= Henry Richard |author1-link= Henry Richard Tedder |last2= Brown |first2= James Duff |author2-link= James Duff Brown | pages = 545–577 |quote= see page 565-France.}}
1792 - Conquered by French Revolutionary troops in September, annexed in November.
1793
Nice becomes part of the Alpes-Maritimes department of France.{{Cassini-Ehess|24984 |Nice}}
Population: 24,117.
1800 - May: Nice occupied briefly by Austrian forces.^(fr){{sfn|Haydn|1910}}

19th century

1812 - {{Interlanguage link multi|Lycée Masséna|fr}} (school) opens.
1814 - Nice is returned to and thus becomes part of the Kingdom of Sardinia per Congress of Vienna.{{Citation |publisher = Funk & Wagnalls |location = New York |title = Cyclopedia of Classified Dates |author = Charles E. Little |date = 1900 |chapter-url=https://archive.org/stream/cyclopediaofclas00littuoft#page/661/mode/1up/search/nice |chapter= France }}
1822 - Promenade des Anglais construction begins.{{sfn|Britannica|1910}}
1832 - 25 April: Religious {{Interlanguage link multi|Vow of Nice|fr|3=Vœu de Nice}} taken in response to cholera epidemic.
1846 - Muséum d'histoire naturelle de Nice founded.
1852
{{Interlanguage link multi|Église Notre-Dame-des-Grâces|fr}} (church) built.
English circulating library active.{{cite web |url= http://www.nice-english-library.org/history.html |title=History |publisher=English American Library Nice |access-date=30 January 2015 }}
1854 - {{Interlanguage link multi|Jardin Albert 1er|fr}} (park) opens.
1855 - Maritime trade flourishes.Colonel Sykes, "Statistics of Nice Maritime." Journal of the Statistical Society of London 18.1 (1855): 34-73. [https://www.jstor.org/stable/2338123 online]
1856 - Population: 44,091.
1860 - {{Interlanguage link multi|Annexation of the County of Nice to France|fr|3=Annexion du comté de Nice à la France}}.{{cite book|author=Gino Raymond|title=Historical Dictionary of France |year= 2008|publisher=Scarecrow Press|isbn=978-0-8108-6256-2 |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=JVIRzOWyqUAC&pg=PR36 }}
1861 - Francization begins.
1863 - Phare du Littoral newspaper begins publication.{{cite book|author=A. de Chambure|title= A travers la presse |url=https://archive.org/details/traverslapress00chamuoft|year= 1914|publisher=Fert, Albouy & cie. |location=Paris |language = fr }}
1864
Avenue Jean Médecin laid out.
Nice-Ville station opened.
1867 - Russian Orthodox Cemetery, Nice, established.
1870 - Swiss and Nice Times newspaper begins publication.{{cite book|title=Die Schweizer Presse |url=https://archive.org/details/dieschweizerpre01presgoog|year=1896|publisher=Jent & Co. |language=de |location=Bern }}
1871 - Niçard Vespers, three days of popular uprising in support of the union of the County of Nice with the Kingdom of Italy.[https://books.google.com/books?id=24ouAAAAYAAJ&dq=%C2%ABI+vespri+nizzardi%C2%BB&pg=PA11 Vespri Nizzardi, di Giuseppe Andre']
1879
Horsecar tramway begins operating.
{{Interlanguage link multi|Le Petit Niçois|fr}} newspaper begins publication.
1881 - 23 March: Opéra de Nice burns down.{{sfn|Haydn|1910}}
1882
{{Interlanguage link multi|Promenade of Nice|fr|3=Jetée-Promenade de Nice}} built.
{{Interlanguage link multi|Pont-Neuf (Nice)|fr}} (bridge) demolished.
1883 - L'Éclaireur newspaper begins publication.
1884 - {{Interlanguage link multi|Casino municipal de Nice|fr}} built.
1885 - Opéra de Nice rebuilt.
1886 - {{Interlanguage link multi|Synagogue de Nice|fr}} built.{{Base Mérimée|PA06000030|Synagogue ou temple israélite}}
1887 - Nice Observatory inaugurated.{{Base Mérimée|IA06000862|Observatoire de Nice, puis observatoire de la Côte d'Azur}}
1890 - Nice Lawn Tennis Club established.
1891
4 October: {{Interlanguage link multi|Garibaldi monument, Nice|fr|3=Monument à Garibaldi (Nice)}} unveiled in {{Interlanguage link multi|Place Garibaldi|fr}}.{{cite web |url= http://www2.nice.fr/patrimoine/fontaines/ |title=Liste des Fontaines et des Statues |access-date= 30 December 2015 |language=fr |publisher=Ville de Nice }}
Population: 88,273.
1892
Gare du Sud built.
Grasse-Nice Chemins de Fer de Provence (railway) begins operating.
1896 - {{Interlanguage link multi|Monument du Centenaire|fr}} erected in the Jardin Albert 1er.
1900 - Electric tramway begins operating.

20th century

=1901-1944=

1901 - Population: 105,109.
1903 - A la mieu bella Nissa popular song written.
1904
Gymnaste Club de Nice formed.
Promenade des Anglais extended to the river Var.{{sfn|Britannica|1910}}
1911 - Population: 142,940.{{cite book |title=Statesman's Year-Book |year=1921 |location=London |publisher= Macmillan and Co.|chapter= France: Area and Population: Principal Towns |chapter-url= http://hdl.handle.net/2027/njp.32101072368440?urlappend=%3Bseq=896 |title-link=Statesman's Year-Book |hdl=2027/njp.32101072368440?urlappend=%3Bseq=896 }}
1912 - Russian Orthodox Cathedral opens, funded by Tsar Nicholas II of Russia.
1913 - Hotel Negresco in business.
1916 - Conservatory of Nice founded.
1919
Canton of Nice-1, 2, 3, and 4 created.
Victorine Studios of film established.{{citation |work=New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/05/13/movies/13kenn.html |title=At a French Studio, Great Ghosts and Big Plans |date= 13 May 2007 }}
1927 - Stade du Ray (stadium) opens.
1928 - Palais des Arts opens.{{cite web |url= http://www.culture.gouv.fr/documentation/museo/index.htm |title= (Nice) |work={{Interlanguage link multi|Muséofile|fr}}: Répertoire des musées français |language=fr |publisher=Ministre de la Culture et de la Communication |access-date= 30 December 2015 }}
1929 - Palais de la Méditerranée casino opens.{{Base Mérimée|PA00080807|Palais de la Méditerranée}}
1931 - Population: 219,549.
1933 - {{Interlanguage link multi|Église Notre-Dame-Auxiliatrice de Nice|fr}} (church) built.{{Base Mérimée|PA06000013|Eglise Notre-Dame-Auxiliatrice}}
1942 - 11 November: Italian occupation begins.{{citation needed|date=January 2015}}
1943 - 8 September: Italian occupation ends.{{citation needed|date=January 2015}}
1944
26 May: Bombing by Allied forces.^(fr)
28 August: {{Interlanguage link multi|Battle of Nice|fr|3=Bataille de Nice}}.

=1945-1990s=

1945 - Nice-matin newspaper begins publication.{{cite web |url= http://catalog.crl.edu/search~S35?/dNice+%28France%29+--+Newspapers |title= Nice (France) -- Newspapers |publisher=Center for Research Libraries |location=Chicago, USA |work= Global Resources Network |access-date= 30 January 2015 }}
1948 - Nice Jazz Festival begins.
1954
Centre International de Formation Européenne headquartered in Nice.{{citation needed|date=January 2015}}
Population: 244,360.
1955 - Canton of Nice-5 and 6 created.
1956 - Fountain installed in the Place Masséna.
1963 - Musée Matisse opens.
1968 - Population: 322,442.
1970 - Palais Lascaris (musical instrument museum) opened.
1973
{{Interlanguage link multi|Nice University Hospital|fr|3=Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nice}} established.
Canton of Nice-7, 8, 9, {{Interlanguage link multi|Canton of Nice-10|fr|3=Canton de Nice-10|lt=10}}, and {{Interlanguage link multi|Canton of Nice-11|fr|3=Canton de Nice-11|lt=11}} created.
1979 - 16 October: Weather-related 1979 Nice events occur.
1981 - June: 1981 Tour de France cycling race departs from Nice.^(fr)
1982
{{Interlanguage link multi|Canton of Nice-12|fr|3=Canton de Nice-12}}, {{Interlanguage link multi|Canton of Nice-13|fr|3=Canton de Nice-13|lt=13}}, and {{Interlanguage link multi|Canton of Nice-14|fr|3=Canton de Nice-14|lt=14}} created.
Nice becomes part of the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region.
1984 - Palais des Congrès Acropolis built.
1988 - {{Interlanguage link multi|Le Standard de Nice|fr}} newspaper begins publication.
1991 - Gare de Nice CP opens.
1995 - Jacques Peyrat becomes mayor.
1999
{{Interlanguage link multi|Forum d'urbanisme et d'architecture|fr}} established.
Population: 342,738.

21st century .

=2000s=

2001 - 26 February: European Treaty of Nice signed in city.
2002 - Urban community of Nice Côte d'Azur created.
2003 - Bombing.
2007 - Nice tramway opens.
2008 - Christian Estrosi becomes mayor.

=2010s=

2011
Metropolis Nice Côte d'Azur created.
Population: 344,064.
2013
Allianz Riviera stadium opens.
2013 Jeux de la Francophonie held in Nice.
2014 - March: {{Interlanguage link multi|Nice municipal election, 2014|fr|3=Élection municipale de 2014 à Nice}} held.
2015
February: Stabbing.
October: {{Interlanguage link multi|2015 Alpes-Maritimes flood|fr|3=Inondations d'octobre 2015 dans les Alpes-Maritimes}} occurs.{{citation |work=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/oct/04/heavy-flooding-in-french-riviera-leaves-more-than-a-dozen-people-dead |date=4 October 2015 |title=French floods: 19 feared dead after storms sweep French Riviera }}
December: 2015 Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur regional election held.{{citation |work=Le Monde |language=fr |title=Résultats élections: Nice |url= https://www.lemonde.fr/resultats-elections/nice-06088/ |access-date= 11 April 2022 }}
2016 - July: Terrorist attack kills 86 and injures 434.

=2020s=

2020 - October: Terrorist attack kills three, with one victim being beheaded.
2024 - July: Arson attack kills 7 and injures 33

References

This article incorporates information from the French Wikipedia.

Bibliography

=in English=

{{cite book

|chapter=Nice |chapter-url=http://hdl.handle.net/2027/uc2.ark:/13960/t2x352b0z?urlappend=%3Bseq=499 |title-link= Edinburgh Encyclopaedia |hdl= 2027/uc2.ark:/13960/t2x352b0z?urlappend=%3Bseq=499 }}

{{Citation

|year=1839

|chapter-url=https://archive.org/stream/travelsineuropef00star#page/n118/mode/1up |chapter= Nice

|author-link = Mariana Starke }}

{{Cite book

|publisher = John Murray |location = London |title = Hand-book for Travellers in Northern Italy |edition=10th

|date = 1866

|chapter-url=https://archive.org/stream/handbookfortrav07firgoog#page/n123/mode/2up |chapter=Nice

}}

{{Cite book

|publisher = Karl Baedeker |location = Coblenz |title = Italy |edition=2nd

|date = 1870

|chapter-url=https://archive.org/stream/italyhandbookfor04karl#page/100/mode/2up |chapter=Nice}}

{{cite book

|editor= William Henry Overall

|editor-link= William Henry Overall

|title= Dictionary of Chronology

|year=1870

|publisher=William Tegg |location=London |chapter=Nice |hdl= 2027/uc2.ark:/13960/t9m32q949?urlappend=%3Bseq=618

|chapter-url=http://hdl.handle.net/2027/uc2.ark:/13960/t9m32q949?urlappend=%3Bseq=618

| ref = {{harvid|Overall|1870}}

}}

{{Cite book

|title = The Riviera

|date = 1896

}}

{{Cite book

|publisher = J. Pott |location = New York |author = T. G. Bonney|title = The Mediterranean, its Storied Cities and Venerable Ruins

|date = 1904

|chapter-url= https://archive.org/stream/mediterraneanits00bonnrich#page/124/mode/2up |chapter=Nice |display-authors=etal

}}

{{cite book

|title= Nice, Beaulieu and Monaco

|series =Guides Joanne

|year =1906

|url= http://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/006797657

|publisher =Hachette

}}

{{citation

|year= 1907

|chapter-url=https://archive.org/stream/jewishencycloped09sing#page/297/mode/1up

|title-link=Jewish Encyclopedia |publisher=[s.l.] : Ktav Publishing House }}

{{cite book

|title=Practical Guide to Nice

|location=Lyon |url=http://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/100499755

|series=Guides Pol

|publisher=Société des guides Pol }} circa 1907

{{Cite EB1911|wstitle= Nice (France) |volume= 19 | pages = 646–647 |date=1910 |ref= {{harvid|Britannica|1910}} |short= 1}}
{{Citation

|publisher = Ward, Lock & Co.

|location = London

|title = Haydn's Dictionary of Dates

|author = Benjamin Vincent

|edition = 25th

|date = 1910

|chapter= Nice

|chapter-url = http://hdl.handle.net/2027/loc.ark:/13960/t89g6g776?urlappend=%3Bseq=996

| ref = {{harvid|Haydn|1910}}

|title-link = Haydn's Dictionary of Dates

|hdl = 2027/loc.ark:/13960/t89g6g776?urlappend=%3Bseq=996

}}

{{cite book

|title=Catholic Encyclopedia

|chapter=Nice |author= Georges Goyau |chapter-url= https://archive.org/stream/catholicencyclop11herbuoft#page/48/mode/1up

|location=New York

|year=1911

|title-link=Catholic Encyclopedia |author-link=Georges Goyau |publisher=New York, The Encyclopedia Press }}

{{Cite book

|publisher = Baedeker |location = Leipzig |title = Southern France |date = 1914

|edition=6th |chapter-url=https://archive.org/stream/southernfrancein00karl#page/n781/mode/2up |chapter=Nice

}}

{{citation

|work=Bulletin of the New York Public Library |title= Provencal literature and language, including the local history of southern France |quote= Local history: Nice |editor=Daniel C. Haskell |url= http://hdl.handle.net/2027/mdp.39015035117657?urlappend=%3Bseq=921 |volume=26

|year= 1922

|hdl= 2027/mdp.39015035117657?urlappend=%3Bseq=921 }}

{{citation

|work=New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1984/03/17/world/the-talk-of-nice-on-the-riviera-high-beauty-and-more-low-marks.html |title=Talk of Nice

|date= 17 March 1984

}}

=in French=

{{cite book

|title= Dictionnaire Bouillet

|language=fr

|year=1914

|edition= 34th

|chapter= Nice

|chapter-url = http://hdl.handle.net/2027/mdp.39015074817142?urlappend=%3Bseq=1378

| ref = {{harvid|Bouillet|1914}}

|title-link=Dictionnaire Bouillet

|publisher=Paris

|hdl=2027/mdp.39015074817142?urlappend=%3Bseq=1378

}}

External links

[https://www.europeana.eu/portal/search.html?query=Nice+France&rows=96 Items related to Nice], various dates (via Europeana).
[http://dp.la/search?utf8=✓&page_size=100&q=Nice+France Items related to Nice], various dates (via Digital Public Library of America).

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