Toyota Coaster

The Toyota Coaster was introduced in 1969 as a 17-passenger minibus using the same running gear as the Toyota Dyna of the time. Early models used the 2.0-litre Toyota R engine with a 4-speed manual transmission. With its engine rated at {{convert|98|PS|kW|abbr=on}}, a RU19 Coaster could attain a top speed of {{convert|110|km/h|mph|0|abbr=on}}.{{citation | ref=toy72 | script-title=ja:愛される車づくり。トヨタはあすにいどみます。|trans-title=Lovable car manufacture. Toyota dares to defy tomorrow | language=ja | year=1972 | type=catalog | publisher=Toyota Japan | page=8 }} Subsequent models used a variety of four and six-cylinder diesel and petrol engines, and an option of automatic transmission was later introduced. A smaller alternative was later introduced at Toyopet Store locations, based on the Toyota ToyoAce called the Toyota HiAce which had the ability to carry up to 10 passengers but complied with Japanese Government regulations concerning exterior dimensions and engine displacement.

In August 1997, Toyota "Coaster Hybrid EV" minibus was launched, ahead of the Prius. The Coaster Hybrid, according to Toyota, became its first production hybrid vehicle.{{cite press release |url=http://www2.toyota.co.jp/en/news/10/08/0805.html |title=Sales in Japan of TMC Hybrids Top 1 Million Units |date=5 August 2010 |publisher=Toyota Japan |access-date=14 October 2011 |archive-date=2013-04-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130429091254/http://www2.toyota.co.jp/en/news/10/08/0805.html |url-status=dead }} Production of the Coaster Hybrid continued until 2007.

The LPG Coaster, fueled by liquefied petroleum gas, was developed specifically for the Hong Kong market and its air pollution problems.{{cite web |url=http://www.crown-motors.com/eng/toyota/detail.aspx?id=245 |title=LPG Coaster{{Snd}} The Green Way to Travel |publisher=Toyota Hong Kong |access-date=10 March 2011}}

The Coaster is widely used in Singapore, Japan, Hong Kong, and Australia, but also in the developing world for minibus operators in Africa, the Middle East, South Asia, the Caribbean, Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Bolivia, Panama, and Peru as public transportation. These buses are imported mainly from Asia and have the steering wheel moved to the left and the passenger door to the other side.

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The Coaster was introduced in February 1969 in 22 and 26-seat models using the Dyna's U platform. It had the {{convert|1994|cc|L|1|abbr=on}} 5R petrol engine and the {{convert|2481|cc|L|1|abbr=on}} 2J diesel engine and was sold with the model code of RU18 and JU18. All models had a 4-speed manual gearbox with column shift. Air conditioning was available as an option on the deluxe models.{{cite book |title=Vehicle Identification Manual |publisher=Toyota |year=1984 |id=No.97913-84}}

In February 1972, the 2J engine was replaced by the {{convert|2997|cc|L|1|abbr=on}} diesel B engine, which was only available with a 5-speed manual gearbox with column shift. The updated models were sold with the model codes of RU19 and BU19.

{{stack |File:初代コースター.jpg}}

In August 1977, the Coaster's model platform code was changed to the B series, although the vehicle itself was mostly unchanged. The RB10 had the same 5R petrol engine as before but RB11 a {{convert|2189|cc|L|1|abbr=on}} 20R petrol engine was introduced. The B diesel engine was dropped and the {{convert|3168|cc|L|1|abbr=on}} 2B diesel engine was introduced on the B10. 21 and 25-seat models were available in addition to the previous 22 and 26-seat models. A high–roof model was added.

In November 1979, column shift gearbox selection was dropped. All gearboxes were henceforth floor shifted. The 5R petrol engine was also dropped. The front grill received a mild face lift.

In August 1980, the {{convert|2366|cc|L|1|abbr=on}} 22R petrol engine was introduced on the RB13 model.

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File:Toyota Coaster in Lilongwe.jpg

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In May 1982, the Coaster received a major update to its body. It now had a wraparound front windscreen and thicker rear pillars. For the high-roof models, the 2-piece folding passenger door was replaced with a single piece door. The 20R petrol engine was dropped and the 2B diesel engine was replaced with the {{convert|3431|cc|L|1|abbr=on}} 3B diesel engine for the BB20. The 22R engine continued on the RB20. It was available in 16, 17, 20, 21, 22 and 26-seat models.{{cite web |url=https://www.toyota-global.com/company/history_of_toyota/75years/vehicle_lineage/car/id60006636/index.html |title=75 Years of Toyota {{!}} Vehicle Lineage {{!}} Coaster {{!}} 2nd |year=2012 |access-date=29 September 2019}}

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File:2001-2007 Toyota Coaster bus 01.jpg

File:2001-2007 Toyota Coaster bus 02.jpg

Introduced in January 1993, the new generation body was made more aerodynamic.{{cite web |url=https://www.toyota-global.com/company/history_of_toyota/75years/vehicle_lineage/car/id60006680/index.html |title=75 Years of Toyota {{!}} Vehicle Lineage {{!}} Coaster {{!}} 3rd |year=2012 |access-date=29 September 2019}}

Engines were the 4.2-litre 1HD-T turbocharged diesel, the 4.2-litre 1HZ diesel and the 3.4-litre 3B diesel.

In November 1995, the 4WD BB58 was added. The 4.1-litre 15B-F diesel engine was introduced.

In August 1997, a series hybrid EV model was added using the 1.5-litre 5E engine. It is configured where the engine is generating electricity which is supplied to the motor that drives the vehicle.{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=1997-08-22 |title=Toyota debuts power-hybrid bus |url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/1997/08/22/national/toyota-debuts-power-hybrid-bus/ |access-date=2025-03-09 |website=The Japan Times |language=en}} The engine ran at a set RPM range and in turn led to lower noise, vibration, emissions, and better fuel economy. The engine in this configuration produces {{cvt|95|PS|kW|0}}; it was only suitable for urban environments.{{Cite web |title=Toyota Begins Sales of Coaster Hybrid Electric Vehicle |url=https://global.toyota/en/detail/7901703 | date = 1997-08-22 | access-date=2025-03-09 | publisher = Toyota Motor Corporation}}

The third generation Coaster received a facelift in 2001, and again in 2007.

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The fourth generation Toyota Coaster was unveiled on 22 December 2016{{cite news |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/bertelschmitt/2016/12/22/24-years-later-toyota-launches-a-new-coaster/#5f20d0e24212 |title=24 Years Later, Toyota Launches A New Coaster |first=Betel |last=Schmitt |work=Forbes |location=US |date=22 December 2016 |access-date=30 December 2016}} and was made available for purchase in Japan on 23 January 2017. It is available with the same engine choices as the outgoing model. The Coaster was the first vehicle to undergo a full redesign under Toyota's newly incorporated Commercial Vehicle (CV) company responsible for the design and development of commercial vehicles. The fourth generation Coaster incorporates many safety features as standard including air-bags for the driver and front passenger, Vehicle Stability Control (VSC), a ringed frame body for increased roll-over protection, pre-tensioners for the seat belts and force limiters which reduce the pressure on the passenger's chest in the event of a collision.

The height was increased by {{convert|60|mm|in|1|abbr=on}}, the width was increased by {{convert|40|mm|in|1|abbr=on}} and the window height was increased by {{convert|50|mm|in|1|abbr=on}} over the outgoing model. The door step were also lengthened by {{convert|65|mm|in|1|abbr=on}} for easier entry and exit. The body was designed in a square shape for a more spacious seating space. The windshield was widened for increased outward visibility. The Coaster is available in three configurations; the standard wheelbase configuration can seat 25 passengers (19 passengers if used in Hong Kong as public light buses), the long wheelbase configuration can either seat 24 or 29 passengers while a school bus configuration can seat 3 adults and 49 children. The school bus configuration does not have a front passenger seat.{{cite web|url=https://global.toyota/en/detail/14574035|title=Toyota 'Coaster' Undergoes Model Change After 24 Years|date=22 December 2016|work=Toyota|access-date=14 March 2020}}{{cite web|url=https://www.autodeal.com.ph/articles/car-news-philippines/toyota-launch-all-new-coaster-model-after-24-years|title=Toyota to launch all-new Coaster model after 24 years|date=23 December 2016|first=Jacob|last=Oliva|publisher=Auto Deal|access-date=14 March 2020}}

For Thailand, the Coaster was unveiled on 5 June 2019 with the Hino 4.0-litre common-rail diesel N04C-VL engine.{{cite news |url=https://www.headlightmag.com/official-price-toyota-coaster-thailand/ |title=ราคาอย่างเป็นทางการ Toyota COASTER รถมินิบัส 20 ที่นั่ง : 1,960,000 บาท ดีเซล 4.0 เทอร์โบ MT (นำเข้า CBU) |trans-title=Official price Toyota COASTER minibus 20 seats: 1,960,000 baht diesel 4.0 turbo MT (imported CBU) |first=MoO |last=Cnoe |work=HeadLight Magazine |location=Thailand |language=Thai |date=5 June 2019 |access-date=5 June 2019}}

Production of models with the N04C diesel engine ended in February 2022 and were replaced by the 1GD-FTV diesel engine.{{cite press release |url=https://global.toyota/jp/newsroom/corporate/36966539.html |title=弊社小型バス「コースター」の燃費性能に関するお詫びとお知らせ |trans-title=Apology and announcement regarding the fuel efficiency performance of our small bus "Coaster" |publisher=Toyota |location=Japan |date=2022-03-04 |access-date=2022-12-26}}

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• BB10{{Snd}} 2B engine{{Snd}} First Generation diesel, 22–25 passengers{{cite web |url=http://www.customcoasterconversions.com.au/Toyota-Coaster.html |title=Toyota Coaster Variants |publisher=Custom Coaster |access-date=9 July 2012}}
• RB20{{Snd}} 22R 2.4-litre petrol engine, 26 passengers
• BB21/BB22/BB23{{Snd}} 3B/13B/14B 4-cyl engine, 26 passengers (1981–1993)
• HB30{{Snd}} 2H Engine, 30 passengers
• HB31{{Snd}} 12H-T turbo engine for EX models, sliding door (1981–1990)
• HDB30{{Snd}} 1HD-T turbo engine for EX models (1989–1993)
• HZB30{{Snd}} 1HZ engine, 30 passengers (1990–1993)
• BB40{{Snd}} 3B engine, 26 passenger (1993–2003)
• HZB40{{Snd}} 1HZ engine, 26 passengers
• HZB50{{Snd}} 1HZ engine, 30 passengers (1993–2016)
• HZB51{{Snd}} 1HZ turbo engine, Intercooler 30 passengers (1993–2012)
• HDB50{{Snd}} 1HD turbo engine, non airbag suspension (1993–2003)
• HDB51{{Snd}} 1HD turbo engine, airbag suspension (1993–2003)
• BB50{{Snd}} 15B-FTE 4-cyl turbo intercooled engine, 6-speed manual or auto (2003–2006)
• XZB50/XZB51/XZB56 - Hino N04C 4-cyl turbo intercooled engine (2004–2016)
• BB58{{Snd}} 15B (1997–1999) / 15B-FT (1999–2004) 4x4 factory built, uses Toyota Mega Cruiser's transmission and front portal axle differentials

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The Toyota Coaster is used for motor home conversions. Retired Coasters are converted for home use by removal of most of the passenger seats, and the addition of beds, kitchens, TV, sink, water tanks, annexes and other fixtures.{{cite web |url=http://firstchoicemotorhomes.com.au/toyota-coaster-conversion.html |title=Toyota Coaster Motorhome Conversions Fitout |publisher=First Choice Motorhomes |location=Australia |access-date=4 October 2016}}

The Toyota Coaster has also been used as a road–rail vehicle on the Asato Line with extensive DMV modifications such as an elongated bonnet that houses a mechanism that deploys the front steel wheels and lowers the rear steel wheels which allows the vehicle to run on rails. The original rear axles still move the vehicle in rail mode.{{cn|date=May 2022}}

• List of Toyota vehicles

{{Reflist}}

{{Commons category|Toyota Coaster}}

• [https://toyota.jp/coaster/ Toyota Coaster website] (Japanese) {{in lang|ja}}
• [https://www.toyota.com.hk/en/our-vehicles/coaster Toyota Coaster website] (Hong Kong)
• [https://www.ftms.com.cn/buycar/cartype/detail/coaster Toyota Coaster website] (China)
• [http://www.toyota-global.com/company/history_of_toyota/75years/vehicle_lineage/car/id60006593/index.html 75 years of Toyota - Coaster]

{{Toyota cars}}

Coaster

Category:Buses of Japan

Category:Minibuses

Category:Police vehicles

Category:Single-deck buses

Category:Cab over vehicles

Category:Vehicles introduced in 1969