Tromsø

{{see also|Names of Tromsø in different languages}}

The city of Tromsø is named after the island of Tromsøya, on which it stands. The last element of the city's name comes from "island" ({{langx|no|øy}}, {{langx|da|ø}}), but the etymology of the first element is uncertain. Several theories exist. One theory holds "Troms-" is derived from the old (uncompounded) name of the island (Old Norse: Trums). Several islands and rivers in Norway have the name Tromsa, and the names of these are probably derived from the word straumr, which means "(strong) current". (The original form must then have been Strums, for the missing s, see Indo-European s-mobile.) Another theory holds that Tromsøya was originally called Lille Tromsøya (Little Tromsøya) because of its proximity to the much bigger island today called Kvaløya, that according to this theory, was earlier called "Store Tromsøya" due to a characteristic mountain known as Tromma (the Drum).{{Cite web |last=Emma |date=2020-04-06 |title=The History of Tromsø |url=https://thehiddennorth.com/the-history-of-tromso/ |access-date=2024-06-15 |website=The Hidden North |language=en-US |archive-date=7 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230507215518/https://thehiddennorth.com/the-history-of-tromso/ |url-status=live }}{{Self-published inline|date=June 2024|certain=y}} The mountain's name in Sámi, Rumbbučohkka, is identical in meaning, and it is said to have been a sacred mountain for the Sámi in pre-Christian times.{{Cite encyclopedia |title=Tromsø |encyclopedia=Store norske leksikon |publisher=Kunnskapsforlaget |url=https://snl.no/Troms%C3%B8#-Navn_og_kommunev%C3%A5pen |date=2022-09-27 |editor-last=Thorsnæs |editor-first=Geir |language=no |accessdate=2023-02-26 |archive-date=26 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230226205955/https://snl.no/Troms%C3%B8#-Navn_og_kommunev%C3%A5pen |url-status=live }}

The Sámi name of the island, Romsa,{{Cite web |title=The Sámi side of Tromsø, Norway |url=https://canadiangeographic.ca/articles/the-sami-side-of-tromso-norway/ |access-date=2024-06-15 |website=canadiangeographic.ca |language=en-US}} is assumed to be a loan from Norse, but according to the phonetical rules of the Sami language, the frontal t has disappeared from the name.{{Citation needed|date=May 2008}} However, an alternative form - Tromsa - is in informal use. A theory holds that the Norwegian name of Tromsø derives from the Sámi name, though this theory lacks an explanation for the meaning of Romsa. A common misunderstanding is that Tromsø's Sámi name is Romssa with a double "s". This, however, is the accusative and genitive form of the noun used when, for example, writing "Tromsø Municipality" (Romssa suohkan). In Finnish, however, the word is written with a double "s": Tromssa.

{{see also|Tromsø (city)#History}}

The area has been inhabited since the end of the last ice age. Archeological excavations in Tønsvika, have turned up artefacts and remains of buildings estimated to be 9,000 to 10,000 years old.{{Cite web |date=2011-07-27 |title=Unike steinalderfunn |url=http://www.nrk.no/nordnytt/unike-steinalderfunn-1.7729694 |access-date=2013-08-21 |publisher=nrk.no |language=nb |archive-date=16 April 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140416115604/http://www.nrk.no/nordnytt/unike-steinalderfunn-1.7729694 |url-status=live }}{{Cite book |last=Nikel |first=David |title=Norway |publisher=Hachette Book Group |isbn=978-1-64049-051-2 |edition=2nd |location=Norway |publication-date=April 2019 |page=326 |language=en |chapter=Tromsø and the high north |quote=Archaeological excavations show the area around Tromsø has been inhabited since the Stone Age, with evidence of buildings up to 10,000 years old found.}}{{Cite book |last1=Grydeland |first1=Sven Erik |url=https://munin.uit.no/handle/10037/6159 |title=Bergli på Tromsøya: Bosetting fra eldre steinalder og tidlig metalltid |last2=Arntzen |first2=Johan Eilertsen |publisher=University of Tromsø |year=2014 |isbn=978-82-7142-058-1 |series=TROMURA, Fellesserie nr. 41 |location=Tromsø |trans-title=Bergli on Tromsøya: Settlement from the Stone Age and Early Metal Age |type=Research report}}

File:Tromso burial.JPG of Viking jewellery found in Tromsø dating from 7–8th Centuries AD now in the British Museum.{{Cite web |title=British Museum - Collection online - Search: Tromso |url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/research/collection_online/search.aspx?place=31638&plaA=31638-3-1 |access-date=9 June 2014 |website=British Museum |archive-date=16 November 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181116060522/https://www.britishmuseum.org/research/collection_online/search.aspx?place=31638&plaA=31638-3-1 |url-status=live }}]]

The area's rich Norse and Sámi heritage is well documented. The Norse chieftain Ohthere, who lived during the 890s, is assumed to have inhabited the southernmost reaches of today's Tromsø municipality. He described himself as living "furthest to the North of all Norwegians" with areas north of this being populated by Sámi.{{Cite web |date=2009-08-18 |title=Ottar fortalte om det ukjente "Norge" - Magasinet |url=http://www.dagbladet.no/magasinet/2007/12/04/520192.html |access-date=2012-02-16 |publisher=Dagbladet.no |archive-date=5 August 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110805080837/http://www.dagbladet.no/magasinet/2007/12/04/520192.html |url-status=live }} An Icelandic source (Rimbegla) from the 12th century also describes the fjord Malangen in the south of today's Tromsø municipality as a border between Norse and Sámi coastal settlements during that part of the Middle Ages, however, Archaeological finds show that the Vikings have been present on the main island itself. In a burial/settlement near today's airport, a sword and other combat tools have been found, as well as household tools typical for the Norwegians {{Cite web |title=Langnes Søndre, Gravminne |url=https://www.kulturminnesok.no/kart/?q=&am-county=&lokenk=location&am-lok=&am-lokdating=&am-lokconservation=&am-enk=&am-enkdating=&am-enkconservation=&bm-county=&cp=1&bounds=69.66907403972955,18.90995442867279,69.66743753984545,18.914889693260193&zoom=18&id=59900 |publisher=Riksantikvaren |language=no |access-date=20 February 2023 |archive-date=26 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230226205957/https://www.kulturminnesok.no/kart/?q=&am-county=&lokenk=location&am-lok=&am-lokdating=&am-lokconservation=&am-enk=&am-enkdating=&am-enkconservation=&bm-county=&cp=1&bounds=69.66907403972955,18.90995442867279,69.66743753984545,18.914889693260193&zoom=18&id=59900 |url-status=live }} In addition, one of Northern Norway's largest Viking treasures is found on the island itself.{{Cite web |title=Klimaveien 55, Funnsted |url=https://www.kulturminnesok.no/kart/?q=&am-county=&lokenk=location&am-lok=&am-lokdating=&am-lokconservation=&am-enk=&am-enkdating=&am-enkconservation=&bm-county=&cp=1&bounds=69.67475234962642,18.938568234443665,69.6731162874666,18.943503499031067&zoom=18&id=108560 |publisher=Riksantikvaren |language=no |access-date=20 February 2023 |archive-date=26 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230226205957/https://www.kulturminnesok.no/kart/?q=&am-county=&lokenk=location&am-lok=&am-lokdating=&am-lokconservation=&am-enk=&am-enkdating=&am-enkconservation=&bm-county=&cp=1&bounds=69.67475234962642,18.938568234443665,69.6731162874666,18.943503499031067&zoom=18&id=108560 |url-status=live }} There has also been extensive Sámi settlement on the coast south of this 'border' as well as scattered Norse settlements north of Malangen—for example, both Sámi and Norse Iron Age (0–1050 AD) remains have been found on southern Kvaløya.{{Cite web |date=3 December 2007 |title=2 Samisk tilstedeværelse... |url=http://www.regjeringen.no/nb/dep/jd/dok/nouer/2007/nou-2007-14/67.html?id=584636 |access-date=2012-02-16 |publisher=regjeringen.no |archive-date=9 October 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141009180750/http://www.regjeringen.no/nb/dep/jd/dok/nouer/2007/nou-2007-14/67.html?id=584636 |url-status=live }}{{Cite web |title=Sør-Kvaløya - fornminner — Kulturminneaaret 2009 |url=http://loype.kulturminneaaret2009.no/kulturminneloyper/soer-kvaloeya-fornminner |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120501010953/http://loype.kulturminneaaret2009.no/kulturminneloyper/soer-kvaloeya-fornminner |archive-date=1 May 2012 |access-date=2012-02-16 |publisher=Loype.kulturminneaaret2009.no |language=no}}

The first church on the island of Tromsøya was erected in 1252. Ecclesia Sanctae Mariae de Trums juxta paganos ("The Church of Saint Mary in Troms near the Heathens"—the nominal "heathens" being the Sámi), was built during the reign of King Hákon Hákonarson.{{Cite web |title=Diplomatarium Norvegicum b.1 nr.112, the Papal letter (in Latin) first referring to Troms |url=http://www.dokpro.uio.no/perl/middelalder/diplom_vise_tekst.prl?b=114&s=100&str=sancte%20Marie%20de%20Trums%20%20iuxta%20paganos |access-date=2012-11-22 |publisher=Dokpro.uio.no |archive-date=17 October 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151017011840/http://www.dokpro.uio.no/perl/middelalder/diplom_vise_tekst.prl?b=114&s=100&str=sancte%20Marie%20de%20Trums%20%20iuxta%20paganos |url-status=live }} At the time, it was the northernmost church in the world. Around the same time a turf rampart was built to protect the area against raids from Karelia and Russia.

Tromsø was not just a Norwegian outpost in an area mainly populated by the Sámi, but also a frontier city towards Russia; the Novgorod state had the right to tax the Sámi along the coast to Lyngstuva and inland to the Skibotn River or possibly the Målselv River, whereas Norway was allowed to tax areas east to - and including - the Kola Peninsula. During the next five hundred years Norway's border with Russia and the limits of Norwegian settlement would be pushed eastwards to Sør-Varanger Municipality, making Tromsø lose its character as a "frontier town".{{Cite web |last=Emma |date=2020-04-06 |title=The History of Tromsø |url=https://thehiddennorth.com/the-history-of-tromso/ |access-date=2024-04-30 |website=The Hidden North |language=en-US |archive-date=7 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230507215518/https://thehiddennorth.com/the-history-of-tromso/ |url-status=live }}{{Self-published inline|date=April 2024|certain=y}}

During the 17th century, while Denmark–Norway was solidifying its claim to the northern coast of Scandinavia, the redoubt Skansen was built. Despite only being home to around 80 people, Tromsø was issued its city charter on 20 June 1794 by King Christian VII.{{Cite web |title=Tromsø tollsteddistrikt |url=https://www.arkivportalen.no/contributor/no-a1450-09000000108675 |access-date=20 February 2021 |publisher=Tromsø City Archive |language=Norwegian |archive-date=14 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210514215246/https://www.arkivportalen.no/contributor/no-a1450-09000000108675 |url-status=live }}{{Cite web |title=Historie |url=http://www.gamlebyenskansen.no/historie/ |access-date=20 February 2021 |publisher=Gamlebyen Skansen |language=Norwegian}} This coincided with, and was a direct consequence of, the abolition of the city of Bergen's centuries-old monopoly on the trade in cod. Tromsø quickly rose in importance. The Diocese of Hålogaland was created in 1804, with the first bishop being Mathias Bonsak Krogh.{{Cite web |title=Biskoper i Hålogaland bispedømme 1804-1952 |url=http://www.kirken.no/nord-haalogaland/tekstsider.cfm?id=110781 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071009035803/http://www.kirken.no/nord-haalogaland/tekstsider.cfm?id=110781 |archive-date=9 October 2007 |access-date=3 November 2011 |website=Den Norske Kirke}} The city was established as a municipality 1 January 1838 (see formannskapsdistrikt law).

Arctic hunting, from Novaya Zemlya to Canada, started up around 1820. By 1850, Tromsø was the major centre of Arctic hunting, overtaking the former centre of Hammerfest.{{Cite web |date=12 February 2024 |title=Russian and Norwegian hunting and trapping |url=https://www.unis.no/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/summary04.pdf |access-date=7 March 2024 |website=The University Centre in Svalbard |archive-date=8 February 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240208072227/https://www.unis.no/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/summary04.pdf |url-status=live }} Tromsø had trading contacts with both Central Europe and Russia (specifically Arkhangelsk) during this time, the latter of which resulted in the development of the pidgin language Russenorsk.{{Cite journal |last1=Minaeva |first1=Tatiana S. |last2=Karelin |first2=Vladimir A. |date=2020-03-21 |title=Языковые контакты поморов с норвежцами в ходе экспедиций на Шпицберген во второй половине XVIII — первой половине XIX вв. |trans-title=Language contacts between Pomors and Norwegians during expeditions to Svalbard in the second half of the 18th — first half of the 19th centuries |url=http://arcticandnorth.ru/article_index_years.php?ELEMENT_ID=343736 |language=ru |journal=Arctic and North |volume=38 |pages=120–121 |doi=10.37482/issn2221-2698.2020.38.140 |doi-access=free |access-date=15 June 2024 |archive-date=15 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240615185533/https://arcticandnorth.ru/article_index_years.php?ELEMENT_ID=343736 |url-status=live }}{{Cite book |last=Denzel |first=Markus A. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=E7tqEAAAQBAJ&dq=Chapter+5+From+Arkhangelsk+to+C%C3%A1diz+%E2%80%93+Marine+Insurance+Rates+for+Destinations+in+the+Atlantic'&pg=PA119 |title=The Hamburg Marine Insurance, 1736–1859 |date=2022-04-11 |publisher=BRILL |isbn=978-90-04-51026-5 |pages=131–132 |language=en}}

In 1848, the teacher training college was also moved from Trondenes Municipality (near current-day Harstad) to Tromsø, with part of its mission being to educate Sámi scholars - there was a quota ensuring that Sámi gained access.Statsarkivet i Tromsø 1992: Arkivkatalog TROMSØ OFFENTLIGE LÆRERSKOLE, page 6. The teacher college was followed by the Tromsø Museum in 1872,{{Cite web |title=Om museet |url=http://uit.no/tmu/152/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071103085936/http://uit.no/tmu/152 |archive-date=3 November 2007 |access-date=2007-11-03 |publisher=Universitet i Tromsø |language=no}} and the Mack Brewery in 1877.{{Cite web |title=Fra ølvogn til mikrobryggeri |url=http://www.mack.no/index.php?cat=16535 |access-date=2007-11-03 |publisher=Macks Ølbryggeri AS |archive-date=15 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180815055355/http://www.mack.no/index.php?cat=16535 |url-status=live }}

In the 19th century, Tromsø became known as the "Paris of the North". How this nickname came into being is uncertain, but the reason is generally assumed to be that people in Tromsø appeared far more sophisticated than visitors from the south typically expected.{{Cite web |title=Destinasjon Tromsø - Facts about Tromsø |url=http://www.destinasjontromso.no/english/useful_info.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111009002440/http://www.destinasjontromso.no/english/useful_info.html |archive-date=9 October 2011 |access-date=2012-11-22 |publisher=Destinasjontromso.no}}{{Cite web |last=Oseid |first=John |title=Tromsø: Norway's Gorgeous Gateway To The North |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/johnoseid/2019/04/09/tromso-norways-gorgeous-gateway-to-the-north/ |access-date=2024-06-16 |website=Forbes |language=en |archive-date=16 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240616120217/https://www.forbes.com/sites/johnoseid/2019/04/09/tromso-norways-gorgeous-gateway-to-the-north/ |url-status=live }}

File:Tromsø 1900.jpg

By the end of the 19th century, Tromsø had become a major Arctic trade centre from which many Arctic expeditions originated. Explorers like Roald Amundsen, Umberto Nobile and Fridtjof Nansen made use of the know-how in Tromsø on the conditions in the Arctic, and often recruited their crews in the city.{{Cite web |title=Tromsø, Norway - Lindblad Expeditions |url=https://www.expeditions.com/daily-expedition-reports/174193/ |access-date=2019-09-28 |website=www.expeditions.com |language=en |archive-date=28 September 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190928234635/https://www.expeditions.com/daily-expedition-reports/174193/ |url-status=live }}{{Cite book |last=Bomann-Larsen |first=Tor |title=Roald Amundsen |date=2006 |publisher=Sutton |isbn=0750943432 |location=Stroud |oclc=69022308}} The Northern lights observatory was founded in 1927.

When Germany invaded Norway in 1940, Tromsø served briefly as the seat of the Norwegian government. General Carl Gustav Fleischer arrived in Tromsø on 10 April 1940 after flying in terrible conditions from Vadsø. From Tromsø he issued orders for total civilian and military mobilisation and declared Northern Norway a theatre of war. Fleischer's strategic plan was to first wipe out the German forces at Narvik and then transfer his division to Nordland to meet a German advance from Trøndelag. The Germans eventually captured all of Norway, after allied support had been withdrawn, although they encountered fierce resistance from the Finnmark-based Alta Battalion at Narvik. Tromsø escaped the war unscathed, although the German battleship Tirpitz was sunk by RAF bombers{{Cite web |date=17 February 2011 |title=Lost heroes of the 'Tirpitz' |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/history/worldwars/wwtwo/tirpitz_heroes_01.shtml#eight |access-date=21 August 2018 |website=BBC History |publisher=BBC |archive-date=10 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220410201757/https://www.bbc.co.uk/history/worldwars/wwtwo/tirpitz_heroes_01.shtml#eight |url-status=live }} during Operation Catechism off the Tromsøy island on 12 November 1944, killing close to 1,000 German sailors.{{Cite web |title=World War II Database |url=https://ww2db.com/ship_spec.php?ship_id=95 |access-date=21 August 2018 |archive-date=21 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180821223406/https://ww2db.com/ship_spec.php?ship_id=95 |url-status=live }}617 Squadron - The Operational Record Book 1943 - 1945 {{Cite web |title=617 Squadron - The Operational Record Book 1943 – 1945 |url=http://www.dambusters.org.uk/docs/recordbook.pdf|url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101206073909/http://www.dambusters.org.uk/docs/recordbook.pdf |archive-date=2010-12-06 |access-date=2008-08-04}} http://www.dambusters.org with additional information by Tobin Jones; Binx Publishing, Pevensey House, Sheep Street, Bicester. OX26 6JF. Acknowledgement is given to HMSO as holders of the copyright on the Operational Record Book

File:Tirpitz altafjord 2.jpg was bombed and sunk by the RAF off Tromsø island in 1944.]]

At the end of the war, the city received thousands of refugees from Finnmark county and the northern areas of Troms - areas which had been devastated by German forces using scorched earth tactics in expectation of a Red Army offensive.{{Cite book |last=Derry, T.K. |title=A History of Modern Norway: 1814—1972 |publisher=Clarendon Press, Oxford |year=1972 |isbn=0-19-822503-2}}

Expansion after World War II has been rapid. The rural Tromsøysund Municipality and Ullsfjord Municipality, and most of Hillesøy Municipality, were merged with Tromsø on 1 January 1964, creating today's Tromsø municipality and almost tripling Tromsø's population - from 12,430 to 32,664.{{Cite web |year=2007 |title=1902 Tromsø. Population 1 January and population changes during the year. 1951- |url=http://www.ssb.no/english/subjects/02/02/folkendrhist_en/tables/tab/1902.html |access-date=2007-11-03 |publisher=Statistics Norway |archive-date=7 November 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071107101824/http://www.ssb.no/english/subjects/02/02/folkendrhist_en/tables/tab/1902.html |url-status=live }} In addition, the population growth has been strong, with at times more than 1,000 new Tromsøværinger (residents of Tromsø) annually. The population of Tromsø municipality today is 68,239, and the urban area, Norway's ninth most populous, is home to 58,486 people.{{Cite web |last=Statistics Norway |date=1 January 2011 |title=Urban settlements. Population and area, by municipality. |url=http://www.ssb.no/emner/02/01/10/beftett/tab-2011-06-17-02.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111125213911/http://www.ssb.no/emner/02/01/10/beftett/tab-2011-06-17-02.html |archive-date=25 November 2011}} This excludes most of the city's students, however, who often do not change their address when moving to Tromsø.

A major development was the opening of Tromsø Airport in 1964, situated on the main island, and in 1972 the University of Tromsø was opened, at the time one of four universities in Norway and the only one serving the northern half of the country. A local teacher's college and museum were eventually incorporated into the university. The Norwegian Polar Institute was moved to Tromsø from Oslo in 1998. More recently, the university has expanded further through two mergers, first with University College Tromsø in 2009 and then with University College Finnmark in 2013.{{Cite web |title=The story of UiT |url=https://en.uit.no/om/historie#dok539223 |access-date=15 July 2023 |archive-date=15 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230715190800/https://en.uit.no/om/historie#dok539223 |url-status=live }}

Tromsø is the 12th largest municipality in Norway with a population of 78,745.{{r|ssb}} The city is home to the world's northernmost university and also houses the northernmost botanical garden{{Cite web |title=Tromsø Arctic-Alpine Botanical Garden |trans-title=Botanical Garden in Tromsø |url=https://en.uit.no/tmu/botanisk |access-date=2017-02-25 |website=UiT Norges arktiske universitetsmuseum |language=en}} and planetarium.{{Cite web |title=Nordlysplanetariet |trans-title=Northern Lights planetarium |url=http://nordnorsk.vitensenter.no/himmel/planetarium.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051228070236/http://nordnorsk.vitensenter.no/himmel/planetarium.htm |archive-date=December 28, 2005 |access-date=May 2, 2023 |website=Nordnorsk Vitensenter |language=no}}

The city centre is located on the east side of the Tromsøya island — over {{convert|300|km}} north of the Arctic Circle at {{Coord|69|40|33|N|18|55|10|E|}}. Suburban areas include Kroken, Tromsdalen (on the mainland, east of Tromsøya), the rest of the Tromsøya island, and the eastern part of the large Kvaløya, west of the Tromsøya island. The Tromsø Bridge and Tromsøysund Tunnel both cross the Tromsøysundet strait connecting the mainland with Tromsøya by road. On the western side of the city, the Sandnessund Bridge connects Tromsøya island with Kvaløya island.

The highest point in the municipality is the {{convert|1830.7|m|adj=on}} tall mountain Jiehkkevárri.{{Cite web |date=2024-01-16 |title=Høgaste fjelltopp i kvar kommune |url=https://www.kartverket.no/til-lands/fakta-om-norge/hoyeste-fjelltopp-i-kommunen |publisher=Kartverket |language=no}} There are also many other tall mountains within the municipality including Hamperokken, Store Blåmannen, Store Fornestinden, and Tromsdalstinden. The Lyngen Alps mountain range lies along the Tromsø-Lyngen municipal border. There are many islands within the municipality of Tromsø including Hillesøya, Kvaløya, Rebbenesøya, Ringvassøya, Store Sommarøya, and Tromsøya. There are also several fjords that are located in Tromsø including the Balsfjorden, Kaldfjorden, Malangen, and Ullsfjorden.

{{ panorama | image = File:Panorama Tromsø from Fjellheisen.jpg | caption = {{center|Panoramic view of Tromsø from Fløya. The Tromsø Bridge and the Arctic Cathedral can be seen in the lower-right corner.}} | fullwidth = 7631 | fullheight = 1245 | height = 275 }}

File:Fjellheisen, Tromsø 2019.jpg]]

File:Rensdyr på øen Kvaløya. Tromsø Kommune. Norge.jpg

File:Southwest from Gråtinden, Kvaløya (2011-08) - panoramio.jpg]]

Tromsø experiences a subarctic climate (Köppen climate classification Dfc, Trewartha Eolo) as winter temperatures are just cold enough to qualify and the summer season is short. However, precipitation amount and pattern, with maximum precipitation in autumn and winter, as well as lack of permafrost, are atypical for subarctic areas and more typical for oceanic climates. Owing to the ice-free Norwegian Sea and the westerlies bringing the mild air ashore, winter temperatures in Tromsø are moderate and extremely mild for the latitude.

Summers are rather cool, sometimes cloudy and rainy, and sometimes sunny, often with large variations from year to year and from month to month, giving a completely different experience, all depending on the weather pattern. This variability is also visible in sunhours, which has been recorded since 1961: In July 1980 Tromsø recorded 430 sunhours, which is still the national record for sunniest month ever. However, July 1989 only recorded 91 sunhours. June has ranged from just 58 sunhours in June 2018 to 395 sunhours in June 1971 and also June 2002. Tromsø has also recorded the sunniest spring month in Norway with 381 sunhours in May 2013. The highest temperature recorded at the met office 100 m amsl is {{convert|30.2|C|F|1}} in July 1972. Tromsø recorded its first "tropical night" with overnight low {{convert|20.8|C|F|1}} July 30, 2018.

Tromsø has reputation of accumulating a lot of snow in winter, but on the streets of the city ice often prevails, especially in the first half of the winter. Tromsø's snowfall pattern is quite erratic and varies substantially between different winters.[http://www.vg.no/nyheter/innenriks/artikkel.php?artid=165076 "Bli rik på grønn jul"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120204060234/http://www.vg.no/nyheter/innenriks/artikkel.php?artid=165076 |date=4 February 2012 }}, [https://www.dagbladet.no/nyheter/1997/12/23/47941.html "Våt jul i snøbyen!"] Thaws with rain in the polar night mid-winter are not uncommon, which melts or wets existing snow, often followed by chilly windy Arctic blasts, creating dangerous ice driving and walking conditions. It is common to see Tromsø inhabitants walking with spikes in their shoes and almost all cars use studded tires.{{Cite web |title=Driving conditions in Tromsø |url=https://www.visittromso.no/travel/getting-around/road-conditions |website=visittromso.no |access-date=16 July 2023 |archive-date=16 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230716185016/https://www.visittromso.no/travel/getting-around/road-conditions |url-status=live }} The all-time record for snow depth was set on 29 April 1997, when the meteorological station on top of Tromsøya recorded {{convert|240|cm|in|1}} of snow on the ground.{{Cite web |title=Norwegian Meteorological Institute's eklima site |url=http://sharki.oslo.dnmi.no/portal/page?_pageid=73,39035,73_39049&_dad=portal&_schema=PORTAL |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161130111955/http://sharki.oslo.dnmi.no/portal/page?_pageid=73,39035,73_39049&_dad=portal&_schema=PORTAL |archive-date=30 November 2016 |access-date=5 August 2011}} In an average winter, Tromsø sees 160 days with at least {{convert|25|cm|in|0}} of snow on the ground (1970–2000 average, 100 meters above sea level).{{Cite web |title=Tromsø (Troms) |url=http://met.no/Klima/Klimastatistikk/Vanlig_var/Trondelag_og_Nord-Norge/Tromso_Troms/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304082654/http://met.no/Klima/Klimastatistikk/Vanlig_var/Trondelag_og_Nord-Norge/Tromso_Troms/ |archive-date=4 March 2016 |access-date=2017-02-25 |publisher=met.no}}

The lowest temperature ever recorded is {{convert|-18.4|C|F}} in February 1966. That is extremely mild for a location this far north, as it is about the same as the record cold for the U.S. state of Florida — about 40 degrees latitude further south. At the airport the all-time low is {{convert|-20.1|C|F}} in February 1985.{{Cite web |date=13 February 2009 |title=Coldest temperature in February |url=http://www.yr.no/nyheter/1.6479678 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140407070453/http://www.yr.no/nyheter/1.6479678 |archive-date=7 April 2014 |access-date=22 November 2012 |website=Yr.no}} The average date for the last overnight freeze (low below {{convert|0|°C|1|abbr=on}}) in spring is 17 May{{Cite web |date=4 May 2012 |title=Siste frostnatt om våren |url=https://www.yr.no/artikkel/siste-frostnatt-om-varen-1.8119060 |access-date=24 December 2022 |archive-date=6 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230306095039/https://www.yr.no/artikkel/siste-frostnatt-om-varen-1.8119060 |url-status=live }} and average date for first freeze in autumn is 3 October (1981-2010 average){{Cite web |date=25 September 2013 |title=Første frostnatt |url=https://www.yr.no/artikkel/forste-frostnatt-1.11261900 |access-date=8 August 2021 |archive-date=7 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210807222743/https://www.yr.no/artikkel/forste-frostnatt-1.11261900 |url-status=live }} giving a frost-free season of 138 days.

The "midnight sun" is above the horizon from 19 May to 27 July (71 days), and the period with continuous night lasts a bit shorter, polar night from 28 November to 14 January (48 days). The sunniest January (1985) recorded just 9 sunhours, while the sunniest February saw 97 sunhours (2018).

Despite mild winters, snowfall can happen almost any time of the year except from July to mid-September; in 2019, snowfall was registered on 29 June.{{Cite web |date=29 June 2019 |title=Lørdagen bød på snø i Tromsø og varme i sør |url=https://www.abcnyheter.no/nyheter/norge/2019/06/29/195590311/lordagen-bod-pa-sno-i-tromso-og-varme-i-sor |access-date=11 December 2023 |publisher=ABC Nyheter |language=nb |archive-date=11 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231211103430/https://www.abcnyheter.no/nyheter/norge/2019/06/29/195590311/lordagen-bod-pa-sno-i-tromso-og-varme-i-sor |url-status=live }}

Outside the city, large areas in the municipality are at some altitude and above the treeline with an alpine tundra climate (ET or ETh). The islands to the west at the outer seaboard are milder in winter like Måsvik, making this part of the municipality a (if the {{Convert|-3.0|C|F}} isotherm is used) subpolar oceanic climate (Cfc) zone.

Recent years have seen warming. The recent normal period 1991-2020 shows that the part of the city at low altitude has winters so mild that melting of snow is more likely also in mid-winter; Tromsø-Holt (20 m) coldest month (February) mean is {{convert|-2.4|C|F}}; subpolar oceanic if the {{Convert|-3.0|C|F}} isotherm is used.

{{Weather box

| metric first = 1

| single line = 1

| width = 95%

| location = Tromsø, 1991–2020 normals, (100 m, extremes 1920–present)

| Jan record high C = 8.4

| Feb record high C = 8.5

| Mar record high C = 9.7

| Apr record high C = 17.0

| May record high C = 26.6

| Jun record high C = 29.9

| Jul record high C = 30.2

| Aug record high C = 28.4

| Sep record high C = 23.4

| Oct record high C = 18.6

| Nov record high C = 11.9

| Dec record high C = 9.7

| year record high C = 30.2

| Jan high C = -1.0

| Feb high C = -1.2

| Mar high C = 0.6

| Apr high C = 4.1

| May high C = 8.8

| Jun high C = 13.0

| Jul high C = 16.3

| Aug high C = 15.0

| Sep high C = 10.9

| Oct high C = 5.2

| Nov high C = 2.1

| Dec high C = 0.3

| year high C =

| Jan mean C = -3.0

| Feb mean C = -3.3

| Mar mean C = -1.9

| Apr mean C = 1.2

| May mean C = 5.5

| Jun mean C = 9.4

| Jul mean C = 12.3

| Aug mean C = 11.3

| Sep mean C = 7.8

| Oct mean C = 3.1

| Nov mean C = 0.2

| Dec mean C = -1.7

| year mean C =

| Jan low C = -5.3

| Feb low C = -5.6

| Mar low C = -4.4

| Apr low C = -1.6

| May low C = 2.4

| Jun low C = 6.2

| Jul low C = 9.0

| Aug low C = 8.3

| Sep low C = 5.3

| Oct low C = 0.9

| Nov low C = -1.9

| Dec low C = -3.9

| year low C =

| Jan record low C = -18.3

| Feb record low C = -18.4

| Mar record low C = -17.0

| Apr record low C = -14.3

| May record low C = -6.6

| Jun record low C = -2.5

| Jul record low C = 0.7

| Aug record low C = 1.1

| Sep record low C = -4.3

| Oct record low C = -9.6

| Nov record low C = -14.2

| Dec record low C = -16.8

| year record low C =

| precipitation colour = green

| Jan precipitation mm = 108.3

| Feb precipitation mm = 96.7

| Mar precipitation mm = 96.7

| Apr precipitation mm = 71.1

| May precipitation mm = 56.5

| Jun precipitation mm = 58

| Jul precipitation mm = 72.5

| Aug precipitation mm = 88

| Sep precipitation mm = 111.3

| Oct precipitation mm = 127.4

| Nov precipitation mm = 94.4

| Dec precipitation mm = 109.7

| year precipitation mm =

| unit precipitation days = 1 mm

| Jan precipitation days = 15.4

| Feb precipitation days = 12.9

| Mar precipitation days = 11.4

| Apr precipitation days = 11.6

| May precipitation days = 11.1

| Jun precipitation days = 10.3

| Jul precipitation days = 12.8

| Aug precipitation days = 12.6

| Sep precipitation days = 14.9

| Oct precipitation days = 17.7

| Nov precipitation days = 13.5

| Dec precipitation days = 15.6

| year precipitation days = 160.1

| Jan sun = 3

| Feb sun = 36

| Mar sun = 111

| Apr sun = 171

| May sun = 215

| Jun sun = 239

| Jul sun = 226

| Aug sun = 164

| Sep sun = 96

| Oct sun = 55

| Nov sun = 8

| Dec sun = 0

| year sun =

| Jan light = 1.8

| Feb light = 7.4

| Mar light = 11.8

| Apr light = 16.3

| May light = 22.1

| Jun light = 24

| Jul light = 23.6

| Aug light = 18

| Sep light = 13.3

| Oct light = 8.9

| Nov light = 3.6

| Dec light = 0

| year light =

| Jan uv = 0

| Feb uv = 0

| Mar uv = 1

| Apr uv = 2

| May uv = 3

| Jun uv = 3

| Jul uv = 3

| Aug uv = 2

| Sep uv = 1

| Oct uv = 0

| Nov uv = 0

| Dec uv = 0

| source 1 = Met Norway,{{Cite web |date=June 2013 |title=Tromsø (Troms) |url=http://www.yr.no/place/Norway/Troms/Troms%C3%B8/Troms%C3%B8_observation_site/statistics.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181214124022/http://www.yr.no/place/Norway/Troms/Troms%C3%B8/Troms%C3%B8_observation_site/statistics.html |archive-date=14 December 2018 |access-date=1 June 2013}} The Weather Network,{{Cite web |date=November 2011 |title=Climate Statistics for Tromsø, Norway (1991-2020) |url=http://www.theweathernetwork.com/statistics/c00008 }}{{Dead link|date=September 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} Meteostat.net{{Cite web |title=Climate data |url=https://meteostat.net/en/station/01026/climate |access-date=6 February 2022 |language=en |archive-date=6 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220206115151/https://meteostat.net/en/station/01026/climate |url-status=live }}

| source 2 = Weather Atlas{{Cite web |title=Tromsø, Norway - Monthly weather forecast and Climate data |url=https://www.weather-atlas.com/en/norway/tromso-climate |access-date=9 May 2023 |publisher=Weather Atlas |archive-date=24 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201124092146/https://www.weather-atlas.com/en/norway/tromso-climate |url-status=live }} (UV index and daylight hours)

| source =

}}

The western part of the municipality has islands facing the Norwegian sea, like Rebbenesøya with the Måsvik station.

{{Weather box|collapsed=yes

|metric first = yes

|single line = yes

|width = 95%

|location = Måsvik, Rebbenesøya, Tromsø 1991–2020 (precipitation from Lyfjord, Kvaløya)

|Jan mean C=-0.2

|Feb mean C=-0.7

|Mar mean C=-0.1

|Apr mean C=2.3

|May mean C=5.7

|Jun mean C=8.9

|Jul mean C=11.8

|Aug mean C=11.6

|Sep mean C=9.3

|Oct mean C=5.3

|Nov mean C=2.6

|Dec mean C=0.9

|year mean C=

|precipitation colour=green

|Jan precipitation mm=104

|Feb precipitation mm=78

|Mar precipitation mm=76

|Apr precipitation mm=76

|May precipitation mm=47

|Jun precipitation mm=58

|Jul precipitation mm=69

|Aug precipitation mm=91

|Sep precipitation mm=114

|Oct precipitation mm=121

|Nov precipitation mm=93

|Dec precipitation mm=89

|year precipitation mm=

|source 1= Norwegian Meteorological Institute{{Cite web |title=Norwegian Meteorological Institute |url=http://sharki.oslo.dnmi.no/portal/page?_pageid=73,39035,73_39080&_dad=portal&_schema=PORTAL |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210128080558/http://sharki.oslo.dnmi.no/portal/page?_pageid=73,39035,73_39080&_dad=portal&_schema=PORTAL |archive-date=28 January 2021 |access-date=30 January 2021}}

}}

{{Weather box

|metric first = 1

|collapsed = yes

|single line = 1

|width = 95%

|location= Tromsø, 2002–2020 averages & extremes

|Jan record high C = 7.2

|Feb record high C = 6.9

|Mar record high C = 8.9

|Apr record high C = 17.0

|May record high C = 26.6

|Jun record high C = 28.3

|Jul record high C = 29.7

|Aug record high C = 26.3

|Sep record high C = 21.7

|Oct record high C = 18.6

|Nov record high C = 11.7

|Dec record high C = 9.5

|year record high C = 29.7

|Jan avg record high C = 5.0

|Feb avg record high C = 5.2

|Mar avg record high C = 5.6

|Apr avg record high C = 11.3

|May avg record high C = 18.4

|Jun avg record high C = 21.3

|Jul avg record high C = 24.8

|Aug avg record high C = 22.9

|Sep avg record high C = 17.7

|Oct avg record high C = 12.0

|Nov avg record high C = 7.8

|Dec avg record high C = 6.4

|year avg record high C = 25.3

|Jan high C = -1.8

|Feb high C = -1.3

|Mar high C = 0.5

|Apr high C = 4.7

|May high C = 9.5

|Jun high C = 12.6

|Jul high C = 16.5

|Aug high C = 15.0

|Sep high C = 11.0

|Oct high C = 5.4

|Nov high C = 1.9

|Dec high C = 0.2

|year high C =

|Jan mean C = -3.4

|Feb mean C = -3.1

|Mar mean C = -1.8

|Apr mean C = 1.9

|May mean C = 6.3

|Jun mean C = 9.5

|Jul mean C = 13.0

|Aug mean C = 11.9

|Sep mean C = 8.4

|Oct mean C = 3.5

|Nov mean C = 0.5

|Dec mean C = -1.4

|year mean C =

|Jan low C = -4.9

|Feb low C = -4.9

|Mar low C = -4.0

|Apr low C = -0.9

|May low C = 3.1

|Jun low C = 6.3

|Jul low C = 9.4

|Aug low C = 8.7

|Sep low C = 5.8

|Oct low C = 1.6

|Nov low C = -0.9

|Dec low C = -2.9

|year low C =

|Jan avg record low C = -11.7

|Feb avg record low C = -12.0

|Mar avg record low C = -10.2

|Apr avg record low C = -7.3

|May avg record low C = -1.7

|Jun avg record low C = 1.8

|Jul avg record low C = 5.6

|Aug avg record low C = 3.8

|Sep avg record low C = 0.5

|Oct avg record low C = -4.4

|Nov avg record low C = -7.0

|Dec avg record low C = -8.9

|year avg record low C = -13.6

|Jan record low C = -15.2

|Feb record low C = -18.3

|Mar record low C = -13.1

|Apr record low C = -11.4

|May record low C = -4.1

|Jun record low C = 0.1

|Jul record low C = 3.2

|Aug record low C = 1.1

|Sep record low C = -1.6

|Oct record low C = -8.0

|Nov record low C = -11.4

|Dec record low C = -13.5

|year record low C =

|precipitation colour = green

|Jan precipitation mm = 89.0

|Feb precipitation mm = 95.6

|Mar precipitation mm = 108.2

|Apr precipitation mm = 73.2

|May precipitation mm = 56.1

|Jun precipitation mm = 63.8

|Jul precipitation mm = 74.3

|Aug precipitation mm = 82.9

|Sep precipitation mm = 114.3

|Oct precipitation mm = 113.2

|Nov precipitation mm = 88.4

|Dec precipitation mm = 109.1

|year precipitation mm =

|Jan snow depth cm = 68

|Feb snow depth cm = 89

|Mar snow depth cm = 104

|Apr snow depth cm = 100

|May snow depth cm = 37

|Jun snow depth cm = 0

|Jul snow depth cm = 0

|Aug snow depth cm = 0

|Sep snow depth cm = 0

|Oct snow depth cm = 18

|Nov snow depth cm = 35

|Dec snow depth cm = 47

|year snow depth cm = 114

|source 1= Météo climat stats{{Cite web |title=Moyennes 1981-2010 Norvége |url=http://meteo-climat-bzh.dyndns.org/listenormale-1981-2010-2-p159.php |access-date=21 January 2021 |language=fr |archive-date=9 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200809133123/http://meteo-climat-bzh.dyndns.org/listenormale-1981-2010-2-p159.php |url-status=live }}

}}

File:Citycamp Guesthouse Hostel.jpg

File:Tromssa and mountains in midnight sun.jpg

The midnight sun occurs from about 18 May to 26 July, but mountains block the view of it for a few days, meaning that one can see the midnight sun from about 21 May to 21 July. Owing to Tromsø's high latitude, twilight is long, meaning there is no true night between March 27 and September 17.

The sun remains below the horizon during the polar night from about 26 November to 15 January, but due to the mountains, the sun is not visible from 21 November to 21 January. The return of the sun is an occasion for celebration. However, because of the twilight, there is some daylight for a couple of hours even around midwinter, often with bluish light, allowing for normal day/night cycles during the winter. The nights shorten quickly. By 21 February, the sun is above the horizon from 7:45 am to 4:10 pm and, by 1 April, is above the horizon from 5:50 am to 7:50 pm (daylight saving time). However, if one were to include astronomical twilight as "not night", then Tromsø only has 13 hours and 32 minutes of night on the winter solstice.

The combination of snow cover and sunshine often creates intense light conditions from late February until the snow melts in the lowland (usually late April), and sunglasses are essential when skiing. Because of these diametrically different light conditions in winter, Norwegians often divide it into two seasons: Mørketid (polar night) and Seinvinter (late winter).

It is possible to observe the aurora borealis (northern lights) from Tromsø, as northern Norway is located in the auroral zone. As it is always light in the summer, no aurora is visible between late April and mid August. Additionally, due to the coastal location, Tromsø is often subject to cloudy conditions, which prevent aurorae being seen, even if they are present.

The Tromsø municipality includes these villages:

File:Tromsø sentrum (5835702754).jpg

File:Storgata, Tromsø, Norway - panoramio (12).jpg

File:Telegrafbukta tromso.jpg

The compact city centre has the biggest concentration of historic wooden houses north of Trondheim, and they co-exist with modern architecture. The houses date from 1789 to 1904, when building wooden houses was banned in the city centre, as in several other Norwegian cities. The oldest house in Tromsø is Skansen, built in 1789 on the remains of a 13th-century turf rampart.{{Cite web |date=2008-08-21 |title=Tromsø er "djevelsk stygg" - VG Nett om Reiselivsnyheter |url=http://www.vg.no/reise/artikkel.php?artid=525004 |access-date=2010-05-29 |publisher=Vg.no |language=no |archive-date=24 August 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130824084338/http://www.vg.no/reise/artikkel.php?artid=525004 |url-status=live }}{{Cite web |last=Carina Hansen |title=Forfall i hele byen - iTromsø |url=http://www.itromso.no/nyheter/article360981.ece |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110719220253/http://www.itromso.no/nyheter/article360981.ece |archive-date=19 July 2011 |access-date=2010-05-29 |publisher=Itromso.no |language=no}}

The Polar Museum, Polarmuseet, situated in a wharf house from 1837, presents Tromsø's past as a centre for Arctic hunting and starting point for Arctic expeditions. Tromsø Cathedral, Norway's only wooden cathedral, built in 1861, is located in the middle of the city, and so is the small Catholic church Vår Frue ("Our Lady"). Northern Europe's oldest cinema still in use, Verdensteatret, was built in 1915–16. The cinema has large wall paintings, made by the local artist Sverre Mack in 1921, which picture scenes from Norwegian folk lore and fairy tales.{{Cite web |date=29 March 2017 |title=Kunstnerens skjulte skatt |url=https://www.itromso.no/nyheter/i/V1nxp1/kunstnerens-skjulte-skatt |publisher=itromso.no |language=no |access-date=15 July 2023 |archive-date=15 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230715192333/https://www.itromso.no/nyheter/i/V1nxp1/kunstnerens-skjulte-skatt |url-status=live }}

The Arctic Cathedral, a modern church built in 1965,{{Cite web |title=THE ARCTIC CATHEDRAL |url=https://www.visitnorway.no/listings/ishavskatedralen/139647/ |publisher=visitnorway.no |language=en}} is situated on the mainland, facing the sound and city centre. The church, in reality a parish church and not a cathedral, was drawn by Jan Inge Hovig. The Polaria aquarium and experience centre from 1998 is a short walk south from the city centre. The Tromsø Museum is a university museum, presenting culture and nature of North Norway. The museum also displays the Arctic-alpine botanic garden, the world's northernmost botanical garden. A cable car goes up to mount Storsteinen, {{convert|420|m|ft|abbr=off}} above sea level, with a panoramic view over Tromsø. The mountain Tromsdalstinden, {{convert|1238|m|ft|0}}, on the mainland, which is easily spotted from the city centre, is also a major landmark. At the top of Tromsøya is a lake called Prestvannet.

File:Tromsø domkirke 2022-09-06 04.jpg]]

The Church of Norway has eight parishes ({{lang|no|sokn}}) within Tromsø Municipality. It is part of the Tromsø domprosti (arch-deanery) in the Diocese of Nord-Hålogaland.

Tromsø Municipality is responsible for primary education (through 10th grade), outpatient health services, senior citizen services, welfare and other social services, zoning, economic development, and municipal roads and utilities. The municipality is governed by a municipal council of directly elected representatives. The mayor is indirectly elected by a vote of the municipal council.{{Cite encyclopedia |title=kommunestyre |encyclopedia=Store norske leksikon |publisher=Kunnskapsforlaget |url=https://snl.no/kommunestyre |date=2022-09-20 |editor-last=Hansen |editor-first=Tore |language=Norwegian |editor2-last=Vabo |editor2-first=Signy Irene |accessdate=2022-10-14 |archive-date=27 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190327085706/https://snl.no/kommunestyre |url-status=live }} The municipality is under the jurisdiction of the Nord-Troms og Senja District Court and the Hålogaland Court of Appeal.

The city of Tromsø was established as an independent municipality on 1 January 1838 (see formannskapsdistrikt law). The city was completely surrounded by the Tromsøe landdistrikt (the rural municipality of Tromsø / later renamed Tromsøysund Municipality), but they were governed separately. As the city grew in size, areas were added to the city from the rural district.{{Cite web |last=Jukvam |first=Dag |year=1999 |title=Historisk oversikt over endringer i kommune- og fylkesinndelingen |url=http://www.ssb.no/emner/00/90/rapp_9913/rapp_9913.pdf |publisher=Statistisk sentralbyrå |language=no |access-date=15 December 2012 |archive-date=1 September 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120901160307/http://www.ssb.no/emner/00/90/rapp_9913/rapp_9913.pdf |url-status=live }}

File:Puerto, Tromsø, Noruega, 2019-09-04, DD 48.jpg

Tromsø is one of the largest fishing ports in Norway. Secondary to fishing, the University of Tromsø is a center for Arctic research. Tourism has exploded as an alternative economic resource in recent decades. There are now direct flights from many European countries.

In 2021, the US Navy opened facilities to service American submarines at the port, after undergoing a significant expansion in 2020.{{Cite news |last=McLeary |first=Paul |date=21 April 2021 |title=Norway, US Bolster Russian Sub Watching With New Bases |url=https://breakingdefense.com/2021/04/norway-us-bolster-russian-sub-watching-with-new-bases/ |access-date=8 February 2023 |work=Breaking Defense |archive-date=8 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230208130108/https://breakingdefense.com/2021/04/norway-us-bolster-russian-sub-watching-with-new-bases/ |url-status=live }}

{{Historical populations

|align = none

|direction = horizontal

|percentages = pagr

|footnote = Note: The municipal borders were changed in 1964, causing a significant change in the population.

|source = Statistics Norway{{Cite web |last=Statistisk sentralbyrå |author-link=Statistics Norway |title=Table: 06913: Population 1 January and population changes during the calendar year (M) |url=https://www.ssb.no/en/statbank/table/06913/ |language=Norwegian |access-date=11 December 2018 |archive-date=26 May 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200526133944/https://www.ssb.no/en/statbank/table/06913/ |url-status=live }}{{Cite web |last=Statistisk sentralbyrå |author-link=Statistics Norway |title=Folketelling 1960 |url=https://www.ssb.no/a/folketellinger/kommunehefter/1960/kh_1960_1902.pdf |language=Norwegian |access-date=12 July 2024 |archive-date=12 July 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240712194310/https://www.ssb.no/a/folketellinger/kommunehefter/1960/kh_1960_1902.pdf |url-status=live }} and Norwegian Historical Data Centre{{Cite web |last=Universitetet i Tromsø – Norges arktiske universitet |author-link=University of Tromsø |title=Censuses in the Norwegian Historical Data Archive (NHDC) |url=https://rhd.uit.no/folketellinger/reg_komm_e.html |access-date=12 July 2024 |archive-date=31 July 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240731023146/https://rhd.uit.no/folketellinger/reg_komm_e.html |url-status=live }}

|1845|2011

|1855|2958

|1865|4073

|1875|5443

|1891|6000

|1900|6996

|1910|7633

|1920|10071

|1930|10336

|1946|10990

|1951|10940

|1960|12283

|1970|38094

|1980|45833

|1990|50548

|2000|59145

|2010|67305

|2020|76974

|2024|78745

}}

More than 100 nationalities are represented in the population. Among the more prominent minorities are the Sami, Russians, and Finns, both the local Kvens (descendants of 19th-century Finnish immigrants) and recent immigrants from Finland proper.{{Cite web |year=2006 |title=Befolkningen i Tromsø kommune etter statsborgerskap 1.1. 2005 og 1.1. 2006 |trans-title=Population of the municipality of Tromsø by nationality from 1 January 2005 to 1 January 2006 |url=http://www.tromsointerinfo.no/?page_id=10 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071030040725/http://www.tromsointerinfo.no/?page_id=10 |archive-date=30 October 2007 |access-date=6 July 2007 |website=InterInfo Tromsø municipality |language=no}} The world's northernmost mosque is to be found in Tromsø. Our Lady Catholic church is the seat of the world's northernmost Catholic Bishop, who leads the Roman Catholic Territorial Prelature of Tromsø. Although the local Catholic population is only 350 strong, Pope John Paul II visited this small church and stayed as a guest of the bishop in 1989.{{Cite news |date=2004 |title=Broen 2004 no.3 |url=https://issuu.com/stolavforlag/docs/broen-2004-3?mode=embed |access-date=6 July 2007 |work=Broen |publisher=Norwegian Catholic Church |via=issuu |archive-date=26 February 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170226130840/https://issuu.com/stolavforlag/docs/broen-2004-3?mode=embed |url-status=live }}

As noted in the history section, the Tromsø area has long been home to Sámi culture. The assimilation of the Coastal Sámi, however, led to the local Sámi culture becoming increasingly invisible in the Tromsø area during the 20th century. Today there is a Sami kindergarten and Sami language classes in certain schools of Tromsø. There have been attempts at countering the decline of the Sámi language through the establishment of a Sami language centre in Lakselvbukt in the Ullsfjorden area.{{Cite web |title=About the centre |url=https://lohkanguovddas.no/en/about-centre |access-date=2023-07-16 |archive-date=16 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230716185300/https://lohkanguovddas.no/en/about-centre |url-status=live }} Tromsø Municipality has generally displayed a positive attitude to the indigenous minority culture. For example, the municipality has arranged the Sámi People's Day;{{Cite web |last=Informasjonstjenesten |date=2 February 2006 |title=Samefolkets dag i Tromsø |trans-title=Sámi People's Day in Tromsø |url=http://www.tromso.kommune.no/samefolkets-dag-i-tromsac.4544150-121021.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120514014400/http://www.tromso.kommune.no/samefolkets-dag-i-tromsac.4544150-121021.html |archive-date=14 May 2012 |access-date=2012-02-16 |website=Tromsø Kommune |language=no}} signs at the university are bilingual; and when the city made its bid for the Winter Olympics the Sámi name of Tromsø, Romsa, was included in the proposed logo for the event along with a traditional Sámi symbol as its main visual element.{{Cite web |date=7 October 2008 |title=Tromsø 2018 (2006-2008) - i-Tromsø |url=http://itromso.canalblog.com/archives/2008/10/07/10863664.html |access-date=2012-02-16 |publisher=Itromso.canalblog.com |archive-date=25 April 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120425231954/http://itromso.canalblog.com/archives/2008/10/07/10863664.html |url-status=live }}

In 2011, the role of Sámi culture in Tromsø became controversial. The Municipal Board had applied for Tromsø to join the Sámi Language Administrative Area. This would have entailed giving equal space to selected Sámi toponyms on signposts, allowing Sámi-speakers to communicate in their language with local authorities, and making means available from the Sámi Parliament for officials to learn Sámi. Political parties, such as the FrP, Venstre and Høyre, opposed the decision and made it a part of their election campaign to reverse it, claiming that, as "a Norwegian city", Tromsø was not required to display Sámi toponyms along with Norwegian ones or make Sámi an official language along with Norwegian.{{Cite web |date=16 June 2011 |title=Nå blir Tromsø samisk område |url=http://politisk.tv2.no/nyheter/na-blir-troms%C3%B8-samisk-omrade/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120405034104/http://politisk.tv2.no/nyheter/na-blir-troms%C3%B8-samisk-omrade/ |archive-date=5 April 2012 |access-date=2012-02-16 |publisher=Politisk.tv2.no}} The parties opposing a larger role for Sámi culture in Tromsø won the election and reversed the application. It has been claimed that the issue has "divided" Tromsø's inhabitants between those who see Sámi culture as naturally belonging there and those who see it as alien to the area.{{Cite web |date=2011-11-05 |title=Vrenger kofta i protest mot same-snuoperasjon {{pipe}} TV 2 Play |url=http://www.tv2.no/play/nyheter/innenriks/vrenger-kofta-i-protest-mot-same-snuoperasjon-567016.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111106202004/http://www.tv2.no/play/nyheter/innenriks/vrenger-kofta-i-protest-mot-same-snuoperasjon-567016.html |archive-date=6 November 2011 |access-date=2012-02-16 |publisher=Tv2.no}}{{Cite web |date=5 November 2011 |title=Vrenger kofta i protest mot samisk-nei - TV 2 Nyhetene |url=http://www.tv2.no/nyheter/innenriks/politikk/vrenger-kofta-i-protest-mot-samisknei-3630355.html |access-date=2012-02-16 |publisher=Tv2.no |archive-date=7 November 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111107214253/http://www.tv2.no/nyheter/innenriks/politikk/vrenger-kofta-i-protest-mot-samisknei-3630355.html |url-status=live }} During and after the election campaign, pro-Sámi politicians received threats and people wearing traditional Sámi garb claim to have been subjected to verbal abuse.{{Cite web |last=Fjellheim |first=Skjalg |date=2011-02-09 |title=Tromsø er ingen sameby - NRK |url=http://m.nrk.no/m/artikkel.jsp?art_id=17498871 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120509012848/http://m.nrk.no/m/artikkel.jsp?art_id=17498871 |archive-date=9 May 2012 |access-date=2012-02-16 |publisher=NRK}}{{Cite web |date=2011-11-17 |title=Lar seg ikke knekke - NRK Sápmi - NRK |url=http://www.nrk.no/kanal/nrk_sapmi/1.7880332 |access-date=2012-02-16 |publisher=Nrk.no |archive-date=18 November 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111118175651/http://www.nrk.no/kanal/nrk_sapmi/1.7880332 |url-status=live }} In June 2013 the municipality nonetheless entered into a cooperation agreement with the Sámi Parliament which is intended to strengthen Sami language education and Sami culture in Tromsø.{{cite report |url=https://rm.coe.int/16806c8e53 |title=THE EUROPEAN CHARTER FOR REGIONAL OR MINORITY LANGUAGES - NORWAY |author=Norwegian Ministry of Local Government and Modernisation |date=2014 |publisher=COUNCIL OF EUROPE |page=25 |access-date=16 June 2024 |archive-date=16 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240616110455/https://rm.coe.int/16806c8e53 |url-status=live }}

File:Perspektivet Museum Tromsø.jpg

File:Hålogaland_Teater_2.jpg

Being the largest city in Northern Norway, the city of Tromsø is a cultural centre for the municipality and its surrounding region. It gained some international attention when on 11 June 2005 hosted one of six 46664 concerts, designed to put work concerning HIV/AIDS on the international agenda. Torbjørn Brundtland and Svein Berge of the electronica duo Röyksopp and Lene Marlin grew up and started their careers in Tromsø.

Many cultural activities take place in the Cultural Centre ({{Langx|no|Kulturhuset}}), including concerts by the Norwegian Arctic Philharmonic Orchestra. Tromsø also has a professional theatre troupe performing at the new theatre building opened in 2005 Hålogaland Teater. The city contains several museums including the Northern Norwegian Art Gallery ({{Langx|no|Nordnorsk Kunstmuseum}}), the Tromsø Gallery of Contemporary Art ({{Langx|no|Tromsø Kunstforening}}), the first and only [https://trollmuseum.no/ Troll museum] in Norway and the Perspektivet Museum, which is devoted to Cora Sandel and documentary photography.

The Tromsø techno scene is the origin of many of Norway's most important artists in electronic music, and Tromsø was a leading city at the early stages of the house and techno scene in Norway in the late 1980s.{{Cite news |date=26 November 2004 |title=20 år med techno |url=http://www.aftenposten.no/kul_und/musikk/article919873.ece |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110629112948/http://www.aftenposten.no/kul_und/musikk/article919873.ece |archive-date=29 June 2011 |access-date=6 July 2007 |work=Aftenposten}} Röyksopp and the ambient electronic musician Geir Jennsen, known as Biosphere, are both from the town.

The local newspapers are iTromsø and Nordlys.

The Arctic Council has its headquarters in Tromsø.{{Cite web |title=Hvor mye innflytelse har urfolk i Arktis – egentlig? {{pipe}} UiT |url=https://uit.no/nyheter/artikkel?p_document_id=502332 |access-date=2022-03-16 |publisher=Uit.no |archive-date=21 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220521113805/https://uit.no/nyheter/artikkel?p_document_id=502332 |url-status=live }}

File:Buktafestivalen.jpg

Both the Tromsø International Film Festival and Nordlysfestivalen (lit. 'the Aurora Borealis Festival'), a classical music festival, are arranged in January. The end of that month is marked by the 'Day of the Sun' (Soldagen), when the sun finally appears above the horizon after the Polar Night, which is celebrated, mainly by children. The International Day of the Sami People is celebrated at the University of Tromsø and the city hall on 6 February every year. Tromsø's Latin American Festival, No Siesta Fiesta, is held at the end of February. It started in 2007 and showcases "the best of Latin America" in Northern Norway with film, dance, music, art, seminars, debates, markets, and a street Samba parade. Every autumn the Insomnia Festival for electronic music is hosted. It is one of the largest and most important festivals for electronic music and techno culture in Norway.

The Bukta Tromsø Open Air Festival, held in June and July, is a popular music festival. The Bukta festival is mainly a rock festival, but also features other kinds of modern music. The festival takes place in Telegrafbukta, a park on the south-western part of the Tromsøya island. Other popular cultural summer events among the population of Tromsø is the Karlsøy festival and the Riddu Riddu festival, both held in the region surrounding the city.

File:Estadio Alfheim, Tromsø, Noruega, 2019-09-04, DD 32.jpg]]

Tromsø is the home of many football clubs, of which the three most prominent are Tromsø IL, which plays in the Norwegian Premier League and is the world's northernmost Premier League football team, I.F. Fløya in the Norwegian First Division (women), and Tromsdalen U.I.L., playing in the Adeccoliga. Tromsø Midnight Sun Marathon is arranged every year in June and recently also a Polar Night Halfmarathon in January. The city is home to many clubs in the top division in various sports. Most notably basketball-outfit Tromsø Storm in the BLNO, BK Tromsø in the top volleyball league for men,{{Cite web |title=Mizunoliga menn 22/23 |url=https://nvbf-web.dataproject.com/CompetitionHome.aspx?ID=56 |access-date=15 July 2023 |archive-date=14 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230814123017/https://nvbf-web.dataproject.com/CompetitionHome.aspx?ID=56 |url-status=live }} and Tromsø Volley in the top volleyball league for women.{{Cite web |title=Mizunoliga kvinner 22/23 |url=https://nvbf-web.dataproject.com/CompetitionHome.aspx?ID=57}} The oldest sports club in Tromsø is Tromsø Turnforening, a gymnastics club founded in 1862, that also was the cradle of the before mentioned football club Tromsø IL.

Tromsø was selected by the Norwegian National Olympic Committee as Norway's candidate for the 2018 Winter Olympics. This would have made Tromsø the first city north of the Arctic Circle to host the games. There were plans to use ships as the media village. In October 2008 the NOC suspended Tromsø's bid, citing excessive costs.{{Cite web |title=Tromsø's Application Withdrawn - Aftenposten.no |url=http://www.aftenposten.no/english/sports/article2695284.ece |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081007140950/http://www.aftenposten.no/english/sports/article2695284.ece |archive-date=7 October 2008}} From the southern to the northern tip of the island Tromsøya, there is a floodlit cross-country ski track. A ski jump is also situated on the island, close to the university. As of the spring of 2010, the city's first ice hockey arena has been open and is home to Tromsø Hockey, which plays in the Swedish Ice Hockey Association's League 3. Tromsø is also home to the most northern tennis club in Norway.

{{Main category|People from Tromsø}}

File:Johannes Steen.jpg

File:Daniel Carleton Gajdusek 2bw.jpg

• Johannes Steen (1827–1906), educator, politician, Mayor of Tromsø from 1856-1862, and Prime Minister of Norway from 1891-1893
• Oscar Nissen (1843–1911) , physician, newspaper editor, and politician
• Paul Steenstrup Koht (1844–1892), educator, politician, city mayor, and member of the Storting
• Hans Jacob Horst (1848–1931), politician who was a member of the International Court of Arbitration (1906-1929) and a member of the Norwegian Nobel Committee (1903-1931)
• Just Knud Qvigstad (1853–1957), philologist, linguist, ethnographer, cultural historian, headmaster, politician, and Mayor of Tromsø
• Dorothea Schjoldager (1853–1938), feminist proponent for women's rights, school teacher, and social worker
• James Trane (1857–1936), Norwegian-American inventor and industrialist who co-founded Trane
• Einar Hoidale (1870–1952), lawyer, newspaper editor, and politician from Minnesota
• Arnold Holmboe (1873–1956), politician for the Liberal Party and Mayor of Tromsø
• Halvdan Koht (1873–1965), historian, politician, and former head of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs
• Kirsten Sand (1895–1996), first fully technically qualified female Norwegian architect
• Einar Johansen (1915–1996), engineer and decorated resistance member during WWII
• Martin Siem (1915–1996), businessperson and WWII resistance member
• Daniel Carleton Gajdusek (1923–2008), American physician, medical researcher, and co-recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for work on prion disease
• Hermod Skånland (1925–2011), economist and Governor of the Central Bank of Norway 1985 to 1993
• Gerd Fleischer (born 1942), human rights activist
• Svein Ludvigsen (born 1946), former politician and a convicted sex offender
• Mads Gilbert (born 1947), physician, humanitarian, activist, and politician
• Herman Kristoffersen (born 1947), former long-serving Mayor of Tromsø who was known as Red Hermann
• Hans-Tore Bjerkaas (born 1951), former Director-General of the Norwegian Broadcasting Corporation

File:Arthur arntzen.jpg

File:Lene Marlin-cropped.jpg

• Jorgen Dreyer (1877–1948), American sculptor of monuments who emigrated in 1903
• Cora Sandel (1880–1974), writer and painter
• Peter Wessel Zapffe (1899–1990), metaphysician, author, lawyer, and mountaineer
• Lars Berg (1901–1969), teacher, novelist, short story writer, and playwright
• Egil Rasmussen (1903–1964), author, literature critic, and pianist who grew up in Tromsø
• Kristian Kristiansen (1909–1980), novelist, playwright, and writer of short stories
• Rønnaug Alten (1910–2001), actress and stage instructor{{IMDb name|0022708|Rønnaug Alten}}. Retrieved 21 August 2020.
• Yngvar Ustvedt (1928–2007), writer, biographer, critic, and radio personality
• Per Bronken (1935–2002), poet, novelist, actor, film director, and stage producer{{IMDb name|0111450|Per Bronken}}. Retrieved 21 August 2020.
• Arthur Arntzen (born 1937), journalist, humorist, actor, and writer
• Kirsti Sparboe (born 1946), musical performer and an actress{{IMDb name|0816919|Kirsti Sparboe}}. Retrieved 21 August 2020.
• Jorun Thørring (born 1955), specialist in gynaecology and author
• Geir Jenssen (born 1962), electronic musician whose stage name is Biosphere
• The Pussycats (band 1964), pop-rock band
• Erik Skjoldbjærg (born 1964), writer and film director{{IMDb name|0804408|Erik Skjoldbjærg}}. Retrieved 19 August 2020.
• Helge Andreas Norbakken (born 1965), drummer
• Anneli Drecker (born 1969), singer, actress, and frontwoman for Bel Canto{{IMDb name|0237360|Anneli Drecker}}. Retrieved 21 August 2020.
• Dag-Are Haugan (born 1970), musician with the group Alog
• Espen Lind (born 1971), record producer, songwriter, singer, and multi-instrumentalist{{IMDb name|0511185|Espen Lind}}. Retrieved 21 August 2020.
• Espen Sommer Eide (born 1972), composer and musician with Alog
• Thomas Thormodsæter Haugen (born 1974) stage name Samoth, multi-instrumentalist in the black metal band Emperor
• Lisa Stokke (born 1975), actor and singer{{IMDb name|1528546|Lisa Stokke}}. Retrieved 21 August 2020
• Svein Berge (born 1976) and Torbjørn Brundtland (born 1975), musicians in the duo Röyksopp
• Ewa Da Cruz (born 1976), Norwegian-American television, soap opera, and film actress{{IMDb name|1851772|Ewa Da Cruz}}. Retrieved 21 August 2020.
• Lene Marlin (born 1980), singer-songwriter and musician{{IMDb name|0549165|Lene Marlin}}. Retrieved 21 August 2020.
• Dagny Norvoll Sandvik (born 1990), singer, pop musician, and songwriter

File:Ruben-jenssen.jpg

• Per-Mathias Høgmo (born 1959), football manager, former manager of both the men and women's national football teams
• Bjørn Johansen (born 1969), former Norwegian footballer with over 400 club caps
• Roger Nilsen (born 1969), football coach and former player with 329 club caps and 32 for Norway
• Bjarte Engen Vik (born 1971), former Norwegian Nordic combined athlete who was a multiple medallist at the 1994 and 1998 Winter Olympics
• Ole Martin Årst (born 1974), retired footballer who grew up in Tromsø and earned 414 club caps, 22 for Norway
• Ailo Gaup (born 1979), former Freestyle Motocross rider who invented the Underflip
• Morten Giæver (born 1982), football midfielder with over 430 club caps who was brought up in Tromsø
• Ruben Yttergård Jenssen (born 1988), footballer with over 350 club caps and 39 for Norway
• Guro Pettersen (born 1991), football goalkeeper for the Norway national team
• Vilde Nilsen (born 2001), paralympic cross-country skier and biathlete who was a team silver medallist at the 2018 Winter Paralympics
• Elling Carlsen (1819–1900), skipper, seal hunter, and explorer
• Richard With (1846–1930), ship's captain, businessman, and politician
• Henry Rudi (1889–1970), trapper and polar bear hunter

{{See also|List of twin towns and sister cities in Norway}}

Tromsø is twinned with:{{Cite web |title=Fakta om Tromsø: Tromsøs vennskapsbyer |url=https://tromso.kommune.no/fakta-om-tromso |access-date=2022-05-27 |website=tromso.kommune.no |publisher=Tromsø Kommune |language=no}}

{{div col|colwidth=20em}}

• {{flagicon|USA}} Anchorage, United States (1969)
• {{flagicon|PSE}} Gaza City, The Palestinian Authorities (2001)
• {{flagicon|FIN}} Kemi, Finland (1940)
• {{flagicon|SWE}} Luleå, Sweden (1950)
• {{flagicon|GTM}} Quetzaltenango, Guatemala (1999)
• {{flagicon|CRO}} Zagreb, Croatia (1971)

{{div col end}}

Tromsø signed a sister city agreement with Murmansk on 10 July 1972 and terminated it on 22 October 2022, after the Russian invasion of Ukraine in February 2022.{{Cite web |date=25 October 2022 |title=Stopp denne krigen! |url=https://www.nordnorskdebatt.no/stopp-denne-krigen/o/5-124-205563 |access-date=2023-05-23 |website=nordnorskdebatt.no |language=no |archive-date=30 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230530180422/https://www.nordnorskdebatt.no/stopp-denne-krigen/o/5-124-205563 |url-status=live }}

Since January 2024, Tromsø has the northernmost McDonald's in the world, taking the title from Rovaniemi, Finland.{{cite web | url=https://www.mcdonalds.com/no/nb-no/om-oss/presserom/artikler/na-kommer-vi-til-nord-norge.html | title=McDonald's satser stort i Norge. – Nå kommer vi til Nord-Norge! | access-date=12 March 2024 | archive-date=8 November 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231108213009/https://www.mcdonalds.com/no/nb-no/om-oss/presserom/artikler/na-kommer-vi-til-nord-norge.html | url-status=live }} It is also home to the northernmost location of many chains, such as Burger King and 7-Eleven.

{{notelist}}

{{reflist}}

• [https://ssb.no/kommunefakta/tromso Municipal fact sheet] from Statistics Norway {{in lang|no}}

{{Commons category}}

{{EB1911 poster|Tromsö}}

• {{cite EB1911|wstitle=Tromsö |volume= 27 | page = 305 |short=x}}
• {{Wikivoyage inline}}
• [http://www.tromso.kommune.no/ Tromsø Municipal Council]

{{Troms}}

{{Most populous urban areas of Norway|collapsed=yes}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Tromso}}

Category:Cities and towns in Norway

Category:Tromsø

Category:1794 establishments in Norway

Category:Populated places established in 1794

Category:Populated coastal places in Norway

Category:Populated places of Arctic Norway

Category:Port cities and towns in Norway