Turkish Naval Forces#History

{{Main|Ottoman Navy}}

Following the demise of the Ottoman Empire in the aftermath of World War I, on 3 November 1918, the fleet commander of the Ottoman Navy, rear admiral Arif Pasha, ordered all flags to be struck on all warships lying in the Golden Horn, and the Ottoman Navy ceased to exist.Bernd Langensiepen, Ahmet Güleryüz, The Ottoman Steam Navy, 1828–1923, Naval Institute Press, Annapolis, Maryland, 1995, {{ISBN|1-55750-659-0}}, p. 57. The major surface combatants of the former Ottoman fleet (totalling 62,000 tons) were rendered inactive by the Allies and in accordance with the terms of the Armistice of Mudros, the warships were disarmed during the last week of 1918. The battleship {{ship|Ottoman battleship|Turgut Reis||2}} and the cruisers {{ship|Ottoman cruiser|Hamidiye||2}} and {{ship|Ottoman cruiser|Mecidiye||2}} were substantially limited and kept inactive inside the Golden Horn by the occupying forces.{{cite web|url=http://www.dzkk.tsk.tr/english/TARIHIMIRAS.php|title=Hata Sayfası|access-date=14 December 2014}} Due to its larger size, the battlecruiser {{ship|Ottoman battlecruiser|Yavuz Sultan Selim||2}} was transferred to the Gulf of İzmit on the grounds that she could adversely affect the sea traffic inside the Golden Horn; while her ammunition and guns were removed. During this period, only a small number of Ottoman Navy vessels were allowed by the Allies to remain on active coast guard duties and were released from internment on 26 February 1919; such as the torpedo boats Akhisar and Dıraç which patrolled the Sea of Marmara, the gunboat Hızır Reis which patrolled the Gulf of İzmir, and the minelayers {{ship|Ottoman minelayer|Nusret||2}} and Tir-i Müjgan which conducted mine cleaning operations in the Gulf of Saros.

Before the Turkish War of Independence began, the Bahriye Nazırlığı (Naval Ministry) sent the gunboat Preveze to Sinop and the gunboat Aydın Reis to Trabzon in February 1919 for surveillance, reconnaissance and patrol duties. However, a lack of coal to fuel their propulsion systems caused the Preveze and Aydın Reis to remain in harbour until the end of 1919. During the early stages of the Turkish War of Independence, these two gunboats did not return to Istanbul, despite heavy pressure from the Ottoman government and the Allies. Instead, they were placed under the command of the Turkish liberation forces led by Mustafa Kemal Atatürk and headquartered in Ankara.

A large number of the naval officers and students of the Naval Academy went to Anatolia for participating in the Turkish War of Independence. On 10 July 1920, the Directorate of Naval Affairs (Umur-u Bahriye Müdürlüğü) was founded in Ankara under the Ministry of National Defense and was given the duty of organizing and maintaining strategic logistical shipping through the Black Sea in order to provide the Turkish liberation forces in Anatolia with weapons and other supplies. All existing naval institutions in the parts of Anatolia that were administered by the Ankara government were assigned to this Directorate. The Directorate of Naval Affairs was extremely successful in organizing local surface units and volunteers and in forming an intelligence network to discover the movements of the enemy ships. As a result, logistic transportation was carried out effectively. The Turkish Grand National Assembly in Ankara made an agreement with the Soviet Union to procure supplies for the Turkish liberation forces. Aydın Reis left from Samsun (on 16 September 1920) and Preveze left from Trabzon (on 30 September 1920) for Novorossiysk in order to transport weapons, other supplies and financial aid to the Turkish liberation forces. The Trabzon Shipping Detachment, which was founded on 21 September 1920, was renamed as the Trabzon Naval Shipping Command with the directive issued by the Ministry of National Defense on 26 October 1920. On 1 January 1921, the Samsun Naval Command was formed. In the subsequent stages of the Turkish War of Independence, due to the growing need for maritime shipping and the increase in the quantity and quality of the units and small ships, the organizational structure of the Directorate of Naval Affairs was gradually extended.

In the same period, a number of Turkish civilian seamen formed a group under the name of the Naval Aid Organization (Muavenet-i Bahriye).Cevat Ülkekul, [https://web.archive.org/web/20071025035857/http://www.shodb.gov.tr/pirireis/oturumlar/kurtulus_savasi_turk_denizci.htm "Kurtuluş Savaşı'nda Türk Denizcileri ve Cumhuriyet Bahriyesinin Kuruluşu"] ("Turkish Seamen during the War of Independence and Establishment of the Republican Navy"), Uluslararası Piri Reis Sempozyumu, 27–29 Eylül 2004 (Bildiri), Office of Navigation of Hydrography and Oceanography. {{in lang|tr}} This group secretly obtained cannons, light weapons, ammunition, landmines and ordnance from the former Ottoman military warehouses in Istanbul that were under the control of the occupying Allies and sent them to the Turkish liberation forces in Anatolia with civil water transportation crafts.

On 1 March 1921, the Directorate of Naval Affairs was transformed into the Presidency of the Naval Department (Bahriye Dairesi Reisliği) and had control over the Naval Commands in Samsun, Amasra and İzmit (formed on 28 June 1921); the Naval Transport Detachment in Trabzon; the Naval Transport Command in Ereğli; the Naval Detachment in Lake Eğirdir; and the Naval Liaison Group in Fethiye (formed on 16 March 1921.) During the War of Independence, Turkish naval forces transported 220,000 tons of weapons, ammunition and equipment to the land forces in Anatolia.

Following the Armistice of Mudanya on 11 October 1922, the former Ottoman Ministry of the Navy (Bahriye Nazırlığı) building in the Kasımpaşa quarter of Istanbul, on the Golden Horn, became the headquarters of the Istanbul Naval Command on 14 November 1922. The establishment of the Ministry of the Navy (Bahriye Vekâleti) of the Republic of Turkey, headquartered in Ankara, was decided by the Grand National Assembly on 29 December 1924, and Topçu İhsan Bey (İhsan Eryavuz) was appointed the first (and only) Naval Minister of Turkey.Ümit Özdağ, Atatürk ve İnönü dönemlerinde Ordu-Siyaset İlişkisi, Bilgeoğuz, 2006, [https://books.google.com/books?id=TE5pAAAAMAAJ&q=%22Bahriye+Vekaleti%22 p. 97.] {{in lang|tr}}Türkiye Diyanet Vakfı İslâm ansiklopedisi, Vol 12, Türkiye Diyanet Vakfı, İslâm Ansiklopedisi Genel Müdürlüğü, 1988, {{page needed|date=December 2010}} {{in lang|tr}} When the Republic of Turkey was established on 29 October 1923, the former Ottoman vessels that remained under Turkish control were as follows:Bernd Langensiepen, Ahmet Güleryüz, The Ottoman Steam Navy, 1828–1923, Naval Institute Press, Annapolis, Maryland, 1995, {{ISBN|1-55750-659-0}}, p. 59.

In active service: 2 cruisers ({{ship|Ottoman cruiser|Hamidiye||2}}, Peyk-i Şevket), 2 yachts (Ertuğrul, Söğütlü), 1 destroyer (Taşoz), 4 gunboats (Burak Reis, Hızır Reis, Kemal Reis, İsa Reis), 1 minelayer ({{ship|Ottoman minelayer|Nusret||2}}), 1 aviso (Galata), 4 tugs and 7 motorboats.

Out of service (needing repair): 2 battleships ({{ship|Ottoman battlecruiser|Yavuz Sultan Selim||2}}, {{ship|Ottoman battleship|Turgut Reis||2}}), 2 cruisers (Berk-i Satvet, {{ship|Ottoman cruiser|Mecidiye||2}}), 4 destroyers ({{ship|Ottoman destroyer|Muâvenet-i Millîye||2}}, Nümune-i Hamiyet, Basra, Samsun), 6 torpedo boats ({{ship|Ottoman torpedo boat|Sultanhisar||2}}, Yunus, Akhisar, Dıraç, Musul, Berk Efşan), 1 gunboat (Sakız).

Preparations were made to carry out the maintenance and overhaul of small-tonnage warships (the three Taşoz-class destroyers and the gunboats Burak Reis, Sakız, İsa Reis and Kemal Reis) and to make them combat-ready. Thus, the cruiser Hamidiye, which was planned to be employed as a Cadet Training Ship, was overhauled.

During the 1920s, a commitment to refurbish the battlecruiser {{TCG|Yavuz}} (which remained in active service until 1950) as the centerpiece of the republic's fleet was the only constant element of the various naval policies which were put forward.Güvenç and Barlas, p. 7 The battlecruiser remained in İzmit until 1926, in a neglected state:Gardiner and Gray, p. 391Whitley, p. 241Worth, p. 271 only two of her boilers worked, she could not steer or steam, and she still had two unrepaired scars from the mine damage in 1918. Enough money was raised to allow the purchase of a new {{convert|26000|t|LT|adj=on|sp=us}} floating dock from the German company Flender, as Yavuz could not be towed anywhere without risk of her sinking in rough seas.Brice, p. 277 The French company Atelier et Chantiers de St. Nazaire-Penhöet was contracted in December 1926 to oversee the subsequent refit, which was carried out by the Gölcük Naval Shipyard. Since the Treaty of Lausanne in 1923 required the disarmament of the Turkish Straits, the infrastructures belonging to the Turkish Naval Forces on the Bosphorus (in Istinye) and on the Golden Horn were transferred to Gölcük. In this period, Gölcük was designated as the main Turkish naval base.

The overhaul works of TCG Yavuz proceeded over three years (1927–1930); they were delayed when several compartments of the dock collapsed while being pumped out. Yavuz was slightly damaged before she could be refloated and the dock had to be repaired before the overhaul works could be resumed. The Minister of the Navy, İhsan Eryavuz, was convicted of embezzlement in the resulting investigation which became known as the Yavuz-Havuz case (havuz meaning "dock" in Turkish naval engineering terminology.) The investigation revealed that Ihsan Eryavuz had reduced the insurance obligation of the French company (Atelier et Chantiers de St. Nazaire-Penhöet) from 5 million to 1.5 million Turkish liras, and was convicted guilty of fraud,{{cite web|url=http://www.belgenet.com/dava/yucedivan_02.html|title=The Yavuz-Havuz Case (Turkish)|access-date=27 October 2015}} which resulted in the abolition of the Ministry of the Navy on 27 December 1927.[http://www.dzkk.tsk.tr/turkce/TarihiMiras/geneltarihce.php Genel Tarihçe], Turkish Navy official site.

Following the dissolution of the Ministry of the Navy, the naval forces were reorganized under the Ministry of National Defense and on 16 January 1928 the Undersecretariat of the Sea (Deniz Müsteşarlığı) was established in order to undertake the duties of the former Ministry of the Navy. With this new reorganization, the Turkish Fleet Command was put under the command of the Turkish General Staff in terms of administration and logistics. On 2 November 1930, the Naval War College (Deniz Harp Akademisi) commenced training and education of Staff Officers at its facilities in the Yıldız Palace. During World War II, the naval schools were temporarily relocated from Istanbul to Mersin for security reasons and conducted education and training activities in this city.

In 1933, with the approval of the Turkish Grand National Assembly, Gölcük was designated as the main base of the Turkish Navy. In the same year, the first new ship built at the Gölcük Naval Shipyard, the tanker TCG Gölcük, was laid down; and launched the following year. With the signing of the Montreux Convention in 1936, Turkey's sovereignty over the Turkish Straits was internationally recognized, and Fortified Area Commands were founded on the Bosphorus and Dardanelles straits, with Naval Detachments assigned to these Commands.

The Turkish Naval Forces were represented under the title of the Naval Undersecreteriat at the Turkish General Staff Headquarters in Ankara from 1928 to 1949. The historic decree of the Higher Military Council on 15 August 1949 led to the foundation of the Turkish Naval Forces Command (Deniz Kuvvetleri Komutanlığı.) After Turkey joined NATO on 18 February 1952, the Turkish Naval Forces were integrated into the organizational branches of the alliance.

File:USS Gerald R. Ford (CVN-78) and TCG Anadolu (L-400) in the Mediterranean Sea 21 August 2023.jpg on August 21, 2023. The Turkish Navy started the construction of the first MUGEM-class aircraft carrier at the Istanbul Naval Shipyard on January 2, 2025.]]

In 1961, the Turkish Naval Forces Command was organized into four main subordinate commands: The Turkish Fleet Command, the Turkish Northern Sea Area Command, the Turkish Southern Sea Area Command and the Turkish Naval Training Command. In 1995, the Turkish Naval Training Command was renamed as the Turkish Naval Training and Education Command.

• Fleet Command, Gölcük Naval Base, Kocaeli
• Surface Action Group Command, Gölcük Naval Base, Kocaeli
• Northern Task Group Command, Gölcük Naval Base, Kocaeli
• Western Task Group Command, Foça, İzmir
• Southern Task Group Command, Aksaz, Muğla
• Submarine Group Command, Gölcük Naval Base, Kocaeli
• Fast Patrol Boat Group Command, İstanbul
• Mine Warfare Group Command, Erdek Naval Base, Balıkesir
• Logistic Support Group Command, Gölcük Naval Base, Kocaeli
• Naval Aviation Group Command, Cengiz Topel Naval Air Station, Kocaeli
• Gölcük Naval Base Command, Kocaeli
• Gölcük Naval Shipyard Command, Kocaeli
• Inventory Control Center Command, Kocaeli
• Marine Supply Center Command, Kocaeli
• Yıldızlar Surface Training Center, Gölcük, Kocaeli
• Northern Sea Area Command, İstanbul
• Istanbul Strait Command, Anadolukavağı, İstanbul
• Çanakkale Strait Command, Nara, Çanakkale
• Black Sea Area Command, Karadeniz Ereğli, Zonguldak
• Underwater Search and Rescue Group Command, Beykoz, İstanbul
• Rescue Group Command
• Underwater Defence Group Command
• Naval Hydrography and Oceanography Division Command, Çubuklu, İstanbul
• Bartın Naval Base Command, Bartın
• Naval Museum Command, Beşiktaş, İstanbul
• Istanbul Naval Shipyard Command, Pendik
• Southern Sea Area Command, İzmir
• Amphibious Task Group Command, Foça, İzmir
• Amphibious Marine Brigade Command, Foça, İzmir
• Amphibious Ships Command, Foça, İzmir
• Aksaz Naval Base Command, Aksaz Naval Base, Marmaris
• Mediterranean Area Command, Mersin
• İskenderun Naval Base Command, İskenderun, Hatay
• Aegean Sea Area Command, İzmir
• Foça Naval Base Command, Foça, İzmir
• Maintenance, Repair and Engineering Command, İzmir
• Naval Training and Education Command, İstanbul
• Training Flotilla Commodore, Tuzla, İstanbul
• Karamürselbey Training Center Command, Karamürsel, Kocaeli
• Derince Training Center Command, Derince, Kocaeli

File:USS Wasp (LHD 1), USS Oak Hill (LSD 51), TCG Gokova (F496) and TCG Anadolu (L400) at Mediterranean Sea (3).jpg which included the Marines and amphibious forces of the two NATO allies, on August 14, 2024.]]

The Turkish Navy maintains marine, explosive ordnance disposal and special operations units such as:

• Amphibious Marine Brigade Command – ({{langx|tr|Amfibi Deniz Piyade Tugayı Komutanlığı, AMFİBİ}}), (Subordinate to Amphibious Task Group Command)
• Underwater Defence Group Command – ({{langx|tr|Sualtı Savunma Grup Komutanlığı, SAS}}), (Subordinate to Rescue and Underwater Command)
• Underwater Offence Group Command – ({{langx|tr|Sualtı Taarruz Grup Komutanlığı, SAT}}), (Directly Subordinate to Naval Forces Operations Department)

{{Further|List of active ships of the Turkish Naval Forces|List of equipment of the Turkish Naval Forces|Lists of ships of the Turkish Navy|List of miscellaneous ships of the Turkish Navy}}

File:Deniz Hava Komutanlığı.jpg

The Turkish Navy is currently undergoing several modernisation programmes to replace its ageing equipment. As of 2023, the major modernisation projects are as follows:

{{main|MUGEM-class aircraft carrier}}

On 3 January 2024, the Turkish government approved the plan for the design and construction of a large aircraft carrier,{{cite web |url=https://www.janes.com/defence-news/news-detail/turkey-approves-plans-for-aircraft-carrier-additional-istanbul-class-frigates|title=Turkey approves plans for aircraft carrier, additional Istanbul-class frigates|author=Kate Tringham |website=Janes.com|publisher=Janes|date=5 January 2024}} named the MUGEM-class aircraft carrier.{{cite web|url=https://www.navalnews.com/naval-news/2024/10/turkish-navy-unveils-mugem-a-fully-indigenous-aircraft-carrier/|title=Turkish Navy Unveils MUGEM: A Fully Indigenous Aircraft Carrier|author=Tayfun Ozberk|website=navalnews.com|publisher=Naval News|date=28 October 2024}}

On 15 February 2024, the Design and Projects Office of the Turkish Navy announced that it will be a STOBAR aircraft carrier with an overall length of {{convert|285|m|ft}}, beam of {{convert|72|m|ft}}, draught of {{convert|10.1|m|ft}}, and displacement of 60,000 tons. It is to have a COGAG propulsion system and a maximum speed of more than {{convert|25|kn|mph kph}}.

The construction of the first MUGEM-class aircraft carrier began on 2 January 2025.{{Cite web |date=2025-01-02 |title=Turkiye Begins MILDEN, TF-2000, and MUGEM Constructions {{!}} TURDEF |url=https://turdef.com/article/turkiye-begins-milden-tf-2000-and-mugem-constructions |access-date=2025-01-02 |website=turdef.com |language=en}} The first MUGEM-class aircraft carrier is being built at the Istanbul Naval Shipyard.

{{Main|TCG Anadolu}}

File:TCG Anadolu (L-400) on the Bosphorus (cropped).jpg at the Bosporus strait in Istanbul during the naval parade for celebrating the centenary of the Turkish Republic on October 29, 2023. TCG Anadolu was commissioned on April 10, 2023.{{cite web|url=https://www.twz.com/turkeys-drone-carrier-amphibious-assault-ship-enters-service|title=Turkey's 'Drone Carrier' Amphibious Assault Ship Enters Service|author=Emma Helfrich|website=thedrive.com|date=11 April 2023}}{{cite web|url=https://www.trtworld.com/video/strait-talk/turkish-navy-officially-welcomes-its-new-flagship-tcg-anadolu/64356f5e9d32a80017b0933d|title=Turkish Navy Officially Welcomes Its New Flagship, TCG Anadolu|publisher=TRT World|date=11 April 2023}}{{cite web|url=https://trthaberstatic.cdn.wp.trt.com.tr/resimler/2038000/tcg-anadolu-2038539.jpg|title=TCG Anadolu (L-400) at the Bosporus strait in Istanbul|publisher=TRT Haber|date=23 April 2023}} Bayraktar TB3 and the jet-powered, low-observable Bayraktar Kızılelma are two UCAVs specifically designed to operate on TCG Anadolu.{{cite web|url=https://baykartech.com/en/press/baykars-unmanned-fighter-aircraft-completes-first-flight/|title=Baykar's unmanned fighter aircraft completes first flight|website=baykartech.com|date=15 December 2022}} When configured as a V/STOL aircraft carrier, the ship's design allows it to internally carry up to 10 F-35B STOVL fighter jets and 12 medium-sized helicopters, and to host 6 more helicopters on its flight deck.]]

{{ship|TCG|Anadolu}} is a 27,079-tonne amphibious assault ship (LHD) and drone carrier of the Turkish Naval Forces that can also be configured as a 24,660-tonne V/STOL aircraft carrier.{{cite web|url=https://www.enkucuk.com/ucak-gemisi-olan-ulkeleri-ogrenelim/|title=Uçak Gemisi Olan Ülkeleri Öğrenelim|date=23 November 2017|website=Enkucuk.com|access-date=24 April 2020|archive-date=29 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200129120057/http://www.enkucuk.com/ucak-gemisi-olan-ulkeleri-ogrenelim/|url-status=live}} Construction began on 30 April 2016 by Sedef Shipbuilding Inc. at their Istanbul shipyard.{{Citation|publisher=Anadolu Agency|url=https://www.aa.com.tr/en/science-technology/turkish-navys-flagship-to-enter-service-in-2020/1652082|title=Turkish Navy's flagship to enter service in 2020|access-date=21 November 2019|archive-date=30 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191130114509/https://www.aa.com.tr/en/science-technology/turkish-navys-flagship-to-enter-service-in-2020/1652082}}{{cite web|url=https://www.turkishminute.com/2022/12/10/ysis-tcg-anadolu-the-most-powerful-warship-and-the-flagship-of-the-turkish-navy/|title=[ANALYSIS] TCG Anadolu: the most powerful warship and the flagship of the Turkish Navy|publisher=turkishminute.com|date=10 December 2022|access-date=31 December 2022}} TCG Anadolu was commissioned with a ceremony on 10 April 2023.{{cite web|url=https://www.cnnturk.com/video/turkiye/son-dakika-dunyanin-ilk-siha-gemisi-tcg-anadolu-teslim-toreninde-cumhurbaskani-erdogan-konusuyor|title=Dünyanın ilk SİHA gemisi TCG Anadolu! Cumhurbaşkanı Erdoğan: Nihai hedefimiz tam bağımsız savunma sanayiidir|publisher=CNN Türk|date=10 April 2023}}{{cite web|url=https://www.twz.com/turkeys-drone-carrier-amphibious-assault-ship-enters-service|title=Turkey's 'Drone Carrier' Amphibious Assault Ship Enters Service|author=Emma Helfrich|website=thedrive.com|date=11 April 2023}} The construction of a sister ship, to be named TCG Trakya, is currently being planned by the Turkish Navy.{{cite web|url=https://www.savunmasanayist.com/deniz-kuvvetlerinden-tcg-trakya-aciklamasi/|title=Deniz Kuvvetlerinden TCG Trakya açıklaması|author=Anıl Şahin|website=SavunmaSanayiST.com|date=14 February 2019|access-date=4 April 2020|archive-date=12 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200212204851/https://www.savunmasanayist.com/deniz-kuvvetlerinden-tcg-trakya-aciklamasi/|url-status=live}}{{cite web|url=https://www.denizhaber.com/guncel/tcg-trakya-ne-zaman-bitecek-h81915.html|title=TCG Trakya ne zaman bitecek?|author=Ahmet Doğan|publisher=DenizHaber.com|date=9 November 2019|access-date=4 April 2020|archive-date=12 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200212204853/https://www.denizhaber.com/guncel/tcg-trakya-ne-zaman-bitecek-h81915.html|url-status=live}}

The Sikorsky S-70B Seahawk and the Bell AH-1 SuperCobra are the two main types of helicopters used on TCG Anadolu, with the occasional use of CH-47F Chinook helicopters of the Turkish Army during military exercises and operations.{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QfLyjvOoSmE|title=TCG Anadolu eğitim gerçekleştirdi|publisher=TRT Haber|date=8 June 2023}} The AH-1W Super Cobras will eventually be complemented and replaced by the TAI T929 ATAK 2.{{cite web|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/pauliddon/2022/11/24/tcg-anadolu-turkeys-new-flagship-will-carry-unique-aircraft/?sh=14028ead6ccf|title=TCG Anadolu: Turkey's New Flagship Will Carry Unique Aircraft|author=Paul Iddon|work=Forbes|date=24 November 2022}}

The jet-powered, low-observable drone Bayraktar MIUS Kızılelma{{cite web |url=https://baykartech.com/en/press/baykars-unmanned-fighter-aircraft-completes-first-flight/|title=Baykar's unmanned fighter aircraft completes first flight|website=baykartech.com |publisher=Baykar Technologies|date=15 December 2022}}{{cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IxVpXGf8e8I |title=Bayraktar Kızılelma's Formation Flights – A First in Aviation History |publisher=Baykar Technologies|date=5 June 2023}} and the MALE UAV Bayraktar TB3{{cite web |url=https://baykartech.com/en/bayraktar-tb3/ |title=Bayraktar TB3|website=baykartech.com |publisher=Baykar Technologies}}{{cite web |url=https://baykartech.com/en/uav/bayraktar-tb3/ |title=Bayraktar TB3 UCAV: General Information |website=baykartech.com |publisher=Baykar Technologies}}{{cite web |url=https://baykartech.com/en/press/turkiyes-new-combat-drone-completes-endurance-flight-test/ |title=Türkiye's new combat drone completes endurance flight test|website=baykartech.com |publisher=Baykar Technologies|date=22 December 2023}} are two UCAVs that are specifically designed and manufactured by Baykar Technologies to be used on TCG Anadolu.{{cite web |url=https://www.navalnews.com/naval-news/2022/05/here-is-how-uavs-will-be-recovered-aboard-tcg-anadolu/|title=Here Is How UAVs Will Be Recovered Aboard TCG Anadolu|website=navalnews.com |publisher=Naval News|author=Tayfun Özberk|date=1 May 2022}} The maiden flight of TAI Anka-3 (also part of Project MIUS), a jet-powered, flying wing type UCAV with stealth technology, was successfully completed on 28 December 2023.{{cite web |url=https://www.thedrive.com/the-war-zone/turkeys-anka-3-flying-wing-unmanned-combat-air-vehicle-flies |title=Turkey's ANKA-3 Flying Wing Unmanned Combat Air Vehicle Flies|author=Thomas Newdick|website=thedrive.com|date=28 December 2023}}{{cite web |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2023-12-29/turkey-s-stealth-drone-anka-3-makes-debut-flight-with-ukraine-engine|title=Turkish Stealth Drone Makes Debut Flight After Years of Secrecy|publisher=Bloomberg News|date=29 December 2023}}{{cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fAnxwJk0h10|title=Turkey's ANKA III Fighter Drone Makes Debut Flight|publisher=Bloomberg Television|date=29 December 2023}}

On 19 November 2024, a Baykar Bayraktar TB3 UCAV successfully took-off from the flight deck of TCG Anadolu and landed on the ship.{{Cite web |last=Trevithick |first=Joseph |date=2024-11-19 |title=TB3 Operates From Turkey's 'Drone Carrier' Amphibious Assault Ship For The First Time |url=https://www.twz.com/air/tb3-drone-lands-takes-off-from-turkeys-drone-carrier-amphibious-assault-ship |access-date=2024-11-19 |website=The War Zone |language=en-US}}{{cite web|url=https://baykartech.com/en/press/bayraktar-tb3-uav-successfully-continues-ship-tests/|title=Bayraktar TB3 UAV successfully continues ship tests|website=baykartech.com|publisher=Baykar Technology|date=26 November 2024}}{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cPS5Mv8tvXQ|title=Bayraktar TB3 PT-2 59th Test|publisher=Baykar Technology|date=26 November 2024}} It was the first time a fixed-wing unmanned aircraft of this size and class had successfully landed on a short-runway landing helicopter dock, without the use of an arresting gear.{{Cite web |last=Ozberk |first=Tayfun |date=2024-11-19 |title=Bayraktar TB3 Takes off and land aboard Turkish carrier |url=https://www.navalnews.com/naval-news/2024/11/bayraktar-tb3-takesoff-and-land-aboard-turkish-carrier/ |access-date=2024-11-20 |website=Naval News |language=en-US}}

TCG Anadolu has a {{convert|1,880|m2|abbr=on}} light cargo garage for TEU containers and 27 Amphibious Assault Vehicles (AAV);[http://blogs.plymouth.ac.uk/dcss/2015/05/11/turkey-signs-contract-with-navantia-sedef-for-the-construction-of-a-light-aircraft-carrier/ "Turkey signs contract with Navantia-Sedef for the construction of a light aircraft carrier"], Dartmouth Centre for Seapower and Strategy, Plymouth University, 11 May 2015. a {{convert|1,165|m2|abbr=on}} dock which can host four Landing Craft Mechanized (LCM) or two Landing Craft Air Cushion (LCAC), or two Landing Craft Vehicle Personnel (LCVP); and a {{convert|1,410|m2|abbr=on}} garage for heavy loads, which can host 29 main battle tanks (MBT), Amphibious Assault Vehicles, and TEU containers. The ship is protected by the ARAS-2023 diver detection sonar (DDS). She has a crew of 261 personnel: 30 officers, 49 NCOs, 59 leading seamen, and 123 ratings.{{Cite web|url=https://www.star.com.tr/savunma/tcg-anadoluyu-yerli-aras-2023-koruyacak-haber-1529877/|title=TCG Anadolu'yu yerli ARAS-2023 koruyacak {{!}} STAR|website=Star.com.tr|access-date=2020-04-23}}

The ship has a {{convert|5,440|m2|abbr=on}} flight deck and a {{convert|990|m2|abbr=on}} aviation hangar which can accommodate either 12 medium-sized helicopters or 8 Boeing CH-47F Chinook heavy-lift helicopters. When the aviation hangar and the light cargo garage are unified, the ship can carry up to 25 medium-sized helicopters. Alternatively, the ship can internally carry up to 10 F-35B STOVL fighter jets and 12 medium-sized helicopters, with the possibility of hosting 6 more helicopters on the flight deck of the ship.

{{Main|TF-2000-class destroyer}}

The TF-2000-class destroyer is a projected anti-air warfare guided-missile destroyer currently undergoing development by the Turkish Naval Institute.{{cite web|url=https://www.navalnews.com/naval-news/2021/08/idef-2021-turkey-full-steam-ahead-with-tf-2000-air-defense-destroyer-project/|title=IDEF 2021: Turkey Full Steam Ahead with TF-2000 Air Defense Destroyer Project|author=Tayfun Özberk|website=navalnews.com|date=25 August 2021}} The class will provide survivability in the presence of aerial threat and also support mission functions such as command, control, and communications, reconnaissance, early warning, surface warfare, anti-submarine warfare and electronic warfare. Moreover, once in service, the TF-2000s are slated to be an integral part of Türkiye's expeditionary strike groups centered around the TCG Anadolu LHD and the country's future MUGEM-class aircraft carriers.

The construction of the first TF-2000-class destroyer, the first MUGEM-class aircraft carrier, and the first MILDEN-class submarine began in the same day, on January 2, 2025.{{cite web|url=https://www.navalnews.com/naval-news/2025/01/turkish-navy-starts-construction-of-3-major-projects-mugem-aircraft-carrier-tf-2000-destroyer-and-milden/|title=Turkish Navy starts construction of 3 major projects: MUGEM Aircraft Carrier, TF-2000 Destroyer, MILDEN Submarine|author=Tayfun Ozberk|publisher=Naval News|website=navalnews.com|date=2 January 2025}}{{Cite web |date=2025-01-02 |title=Turkiye Begins MILDEN, TF-2000, and MUGEM Constructions {{!}} TURDEF |url=https://turdef.com/article/turkiye-begins-milden-tf-2000-and-mugem-constructions |access-date=2025-01-02 |website=turdef.com |language=en}}{{cite web|url=https://armyrecognition.com/news/navy-news/2025/turkish-naval-ambitions-realized-construction-of-milden-submarine-and-carrier-starts|title=Turkish Naval Ambitions Realized: Construction of MİLDEN Submarine and Carrier Starts|website=armyrecognition.com|publisher=Army Recognition Group - Global Defense News|date=3 January 2025}} The first TF-2000-class destroyer and the first MUGEM-class aircraft carrier are being built at the Istanbul Naval Shipyard, while the first MILDEN-class submarine is being built at the Gölcük Naval Shipyard. Large capital vessels like the TCG Anadolu and the MUGEM-class aircraft carriers require destroyer escorts to defend them against enemy aircraft, ships and submarines, a duty that will be undertaken by the TF-2000-class destroyers.

On 5 December 2007, the Defence Industry Executive Committee approved plans to build six ships of this class (4 fixed, 2 optional).{{cite web|url=http://www.ssm.gov.tr/home/projects/naval/Warship/Sayfalar/TF2000Project.aspx |title=TF-2000 Project |publisher=Undersecretariat for Defence Industries, Turkey |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110511002955/http://www.ssm.gov.tr/home/projects/naval/Warship/Sayfalar/TF2000Project.aspx |archivedate=May 11, 2011 }} In January 2013, it was announced that Türkiye was planning to acquire a total of 8 TF-2000 destroyers, which was confirmed at the International Defence Industry Fair (IDEF) 2021.{{Cite tweet |author= Yusuf Akbaba |user= ssysfakb |number=1428254935330828290|title= Official technical specifications of the TF-2000 class destroyer according to the Turkish Navy |date = 19 August 2021 | access-date= 19 August 2021}} With the realization of the project, it is intended to improve the anti-air warfare (AAW) capabilities of the Turkish Navy.{{cite web|url=http://www.dzkk.tsk.tr/english/MODERNIZASYON.php?strAnaFrame=modernizasyon&strIFrame=firkateyn_projeleri |title=Frigate Projects |publisher=Turkish Navy |accessdate=2011-01-02 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101008064456/http://www.dzkk.tsk.tr/english/MODERNIZASYON.php?strAnaFrame=modernizasyon&strIFrame=firkateyn_projeleri |archivedate=October 8, 2010 }}

{{Main|İstif-class frigate}}

File:TCG İstanbul (F-515) (cropped).jpg, the lead ship of the İstif-class frigates, at the Bosporus strait during the naval parade for celebrating the centenary of the Turkish Republic in 2023. Built as part of the MILGEM project, the İstif-class frigates use Turkish systems such as the Aselsan CENK 3D multi-beam AESA radar,{{cite web|url=https://www.aselsan.com/en/defence/product/1904/cenk|title=CENK Long Range AESA Air & Surveillance Radar|website=aselsan.com|publisher=Aselsan}}

Roketsan MİDLAS VLS,{{cite web|url=https://www.defensenews.com/industry/2024/01/24/turkey-inks-deal-to-replace-four-foreign-made-weapons-with-local-types/|title=Turkey inks deal to replace four foreign-made weapons with local types|author=Tayfun Ozberk|website=defensenews.com|date=24 January 2024}} Sapan SAM, SİPER SAM, and Atmaca SSM.]]

The İstif-class frigate programme was launched to construct four frigates to replace the aging Yavuz-class frigates in the mid-2020s. Developed under the MILGEM indigenous warship program, the İstif-class is an enlarged variant of the Ada-class anti-submarine warfare corvette. The İstif-class frigates will have around 50% increased fuel capacity and operational range capability compared to the Ada-class corvettes.{{Cite web|url=https://www.navalnews.com/naval-news/2021/01/turkey-launches-the-lead-ship-of-i-class-frigates-istanbul/|title=Turkey launches the lead ship of I-class frigates "Istanbul"|first=Tayfun|last=Ozberk|website=navalnews.com|date=23 January 2021}}

The first İstif-class frigate, {{TCG|Istanbul|F-515}} was launched on 23 January 2021.{{Cite news |url= https://www.aa.com.tr/tr/turkiye/milli-firkateyn-istanbul-denize-indiriliyor/2114800 |title= Milli fırkateyn 'İstanbul' denize indiriliyor |website= aa.com.tr |publisher= Anadolu Agency |date= 17 January 2021 |language= turkish |first= Göksel |last= Yıldırım}}{{Cite news |url= https://www.aa.com.tr/tr/turkiye/cumhurbaskani-erdogan-kendi-savas-gemisini-tasarlayan-10-ulke-icinde-yer-aliyoruz/2120374 |title= Cumhurbaşkanı Erdoğan: Kendi savaş gemisini tasarlayan 10 ülke içinde yer alıyoruz |website= aa.com.tr |publisher= Anadolu Agency |date= 23 January 2021 |language= turkish }}{{Cite news |url= https://www.aa.com.tr/tr/pg/foto-galeri/milgem-projesinin-5inci-gemisi-istanbul-f-515-firkateyninin-denize-inis-toreni |title= MİLGEM Projesi'nin 5'inci gemisi İstanbul (F-515) Fırkateyni'nin denize iniş töreni |website= aa.com.tr |publisher= Anadolu Agency |date= 23 January 2021 |language= turkish }} TCG Istanbul (F-515) was commissioned on 19 January 2024.{{Cite web|title=Mavi Vatan yerli ve milli sistemlerle korunacak|url=https://www.trthaber.com/haber/gundem/mavi-vatan-yerli-ve-milli-sistemlerle-korunacak-462027.html/amp|access-date=2021-03-12|website=www.trthaber.com|language=tr}}{{cite web | last=Sabah | first=Daily | title=Türkiye delivers new ships, sea drone in fresh bolster for navy | website=Daily Sabah | date=2024-01-19 | url=https://www.dailysabah.com/business/defense/turkiye-delivers-new-ships-sea-drone-in-fresh-bolster-for-navy | access-date=2024-01-21}}

The İstif-class frigates use Turkish systems such as the Aselsan CENK 3D multi-beam AESA radar,{{cite web|url=https://www.aselsan.com/en/defence/product/1904/cenk|title=CENK Long Range AESA Air & Surveillance Radar|website=aselsan.com|publisher=Aselsan}} Roketsan MİDLAS VLS, Sapan SAM, SİPER SAM, and Atmaca SSM.

{{Main|Barbaros-class frigate}}

File:TCG Salihreis (F-246) (cropped).jpg strait during the centenary of the Gallipoli campaign in 2015. The upgraded Barbaros-class frigates are equipped with the SMART-S Mk2 3D radar and have two Mk. 41 Mod 8 VLS for 64 × RIM-162 ESSM and two Mk-141 launchers for 8 × RGM-84 Harpoon.]]

On 3 April 2018, a contract was signed between the Aselsan–HAVELSAN joint venture and the Undersecretariat for Defense Industries (SSM) regarding the mid-life upgrade project of the Barbaros-class frigates.{{Cite web |url=http://www.milscint.com/tr/aselsan-ve-havelsan-is-ortakligi-barbaros-sinifi-firkateynlerin-modernizasyonunda-yer-alacak/ |title=Modernization of the Barbaros Class Frigates, MSI Turkish Defense Review (in Turkish) |access-date=2018-05-04 |archive-date=2019-12-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191229202851/http://www.milscint.com/tr/aselsan-ve-havelsan-is-ortakligi-barbaros-sinifi-firkateynlerin-modernizasyonunda-yer-alacak/ |url-status=dead }}[https://turkishnavy.net/2017/07/05/mid-life-modernisation-for-barbaros-class-frigates/ Mid-Life Modernisation For Barbaros Class Frigates, article in the website turkishnavy.net] The project includes the integration of new weapons systems, a new combat management system, and new radars and sensors; together with the replacement of the original mast with an integrated mast and various upgrades. All four ships in the class are included in this project. The project is scheduled to be completed by 2025.{{Cite web|last=ŞAHİN|first=ANIL|date=2020-01-11|title=Barbaros Sınıfı Fırkateyn Yarı Ömür Modernizasyonu Projesi|url=https://www.savunmasanayist.com/barbaros-sinifi-firkateyn-yari-omur-modernizasyon-projesi/|access-date=2020-08-20|website=SavunmaSanayiST|language=Turkish}}

The first two Barbaros-class vessels (F-244, F-245) have received an 8-cell Mk41 vertical launcher system (VLS) module, which replaced the obsolete Mk.29 Sea Sparrow launcher, while the slightly longer Salihreis-subclass vessels (F-246, F-247) have received a second 8-cell Mk 41 VLS module which brought the total number of cells to 16 (they can store a total of 64 RIM-162 ESSM missiles). Additionally, the old AWS-9 3D air search radars in all four vessels have been replaced by the SMART-S Mk2 3D radars.

The mid-life modernisation program also projects to enhance EW capabilities, double the number of anti-ship missiles that the vessels are equipped with, while also replacing the Harpoon missiles by the locally designed and produced Atmaca anti-ship missiles. The project also includes the substitution of the Oerlikon Sea Zenith CIWS systems with one Phalanx CIWS and one Aselsan Gökdeniz CIWS; the replacement of the existing TACTICOS combat management system with the Havelsan "B-SYS Combat Management System", and the installation of a 127mm main gun to the frigates. Finally, against asymmetric threats that the vessels may face, 2x2 L/UMTAS launchers will be integrated to the frigates.{{Cite web|title=Mid-Life Modernization for Turkish Navy's MEKO 200 Frigate|url=https://www.navyrecognition.com/index.php/news/defence-news/2020/january/7916-mid-life-modernization-for-turkish-navy-s-meko-200-frigate.html|url-status=live|access-date=2021-04-12|website=www.navyrecognition.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200812025928/http://www.navyrecognition.com/index.php/news/defence-news/2020/january/7916-mid-life-modernization-for-turkish-navy-s-meko-200-frigate.html |archive-date=2020-08-12 }}{{Cite web|last=Ozberk|first=Tayfun|date=2021-01-11|title=MLU of Turkish Navy's Barbaros-class frigates Passes Critical Design Phase|url=https://www.navalnews.com/naval-news/2021/01/mlu-of-turkish-navys-barbaros-class-frigates-passes-critical-design-phase/|access-date=2021-04-12|website=Naval News|language=en-US}}

{{Main|G-class frigate}}

File:TCG Goksu (F-497) in the Mediterranean Sea 21 August 2023.jpg on August 21, 2023. The G-class frigates are equipped with the GENESIS combat management system, SMART-S Mk2 3D radar and Mk. 41 VLS, which has been installed in front of the Mk. 13 GMLS.]]

The G-class frigates of the Turkish Navy have undergone a major modernisation program which included the retrofitting of a Turkish digital combat management system named GENESIS (Gemi Entegre Savaş İdare Sistemi).[http://www.ssm.gov.tr/home/projects/Sayfalar/proje.aspx?projeID=48 Ship Integrated Combat Management System (GENESIS)], Undersecretariat for Defence Industries, Turkey The system was designed and implemented jointly by the Turkish Navy and HAVELSAN, a Turkish electronic hardware systems and software company.[http://www.raytheon.com/businesses/rtnwcm/groups/public/documents/content/rtn09_bus_genesis_pdf.pdf] {{dead link|date=October 2017|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}} The GENESIS upgraded ships were delivered between 2007 and 2011.{{Cite web |url=http://www.dzkk.tsk.tr/turkce/MODERNIZASYON.php?strAnaFrame=modernizasyon&strIFrame=genesis_projesi |title=Archived copy |access-date=2010-11-16 |archive-date=2013-09-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130921151924/http://www.dzkk.tsk.tr/turkce/MODERNIZASYON.php?strAnaFrame=modernizasyon&strIFrame=genesis_projesi |url-status=dead }}{{Cite news|url=https://www.afcea.org/content/turkeys-defense-industry-matures|title=Turkey's Defense Industry Matures|date=24 August 2010|newspaper=Afcea International|access-date=23 November 2021}}

The GENESIS advanced combat management system has the capacity of tracking more than 1,000 tactical targets, thanks to its digital sensor data fusion, automatic threat evaluation, weapon engagement opportunities and Link-16/22 system integration.{{Cite web |url=http://www.dzkk.tsk.tr/tdgg/genesys.php |title=Turkish Maritime Task Group |access-date=2010-11-16 |archive-date=2012-03-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120304223000/http://www.dzkk.tsk.tr/tdgg/genesys.php |url-status=dead }}

The modernisation program also includes the addition of an 8-cell Mk.41 VLS for RIM-162 ESSM, together with the upgrade of the Mk-92 fire control system by Lockheed Martin;{{cite web|url=http://www.bizjournals.com/albuquerque/stories/2009/02/16/daily15.html|title=Lockheed Martin to upgrade weapons systems on Turkish frigates|website=Bizjournals.com|access-date=23 November 2021}} the retrofitting of the SMART-S Mk2 3D air search radar which replaced the AN/SPS-49;{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rwJ7fyvexGc|title=Bayraktar Kızılelma: Maiden Flight|publisher=Baykar Technologies|date=14 December 2022}} and the addition of a new long range sonar.{{Cite web|url=http://www.defenseindustrydaily.com/mk-41-naval-vertical-missile-launch-systems-delivered-supported-updated-02139/|title=MK 41 Naval Vertical Missile Launch Systems Delivered|website=Defenseindustrydaily.com|access-date=23 November 2021}}{{Cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/usa-turkey-lockheed-idUKN0938198620080409|title=US approves $227 mln Lockheed arms sale to Turkey|date=9 April 2008|access-date=23 November 2021|website=Reuters.com}}

The Mk.41 vertical launching system (VLS) has been fitted in front of the Mk.13 launcher. TCG Gediz was the first ship in the class to receive the Mk.41 VLS installation.{{Cite web |last=Alemdar |first=Ahmet |date=2022-01-01 |title=VURAN zırhlı aracı Amfibi Deniz Piyadelerinin hizmetine girdi |url=https://www.defenceturk.net/vuran-zirhli-araci-amfibi-deniz-piyadelerinin-hizmetine-girdi |access-date=2023-01-24 |website=DefenceTurk |language=tr}}

The G-class frigates of the Turkish Navy were also modified with the ASIST landing platform system at the Istanbul Naval Shipyard, so that they can accommodate the S-70B Seahawk helicopter in all types of weather conditions.

{{Main|Ada-class corvette}}

File:TCG Burgazada (F-513).jpg, August 26, 2020]]

The Ada-class corvettes of the Turkish Navy were developed during the first stage of the MILGEM project for the purpose of building a national corvette with anti-submarine warfare and high-seas patrol capabilities, while using the principles of low observability in its materials and design.[http://www.ssm.gov.tr/home/projects/naval/Warship/Sayfalar/MILGEMPro.aspx Patrol and Anti-Submarine Warfare Ship (MILGEM- Milli Gemi – National Ship) Project], SSM, Turkey The design concept and mission profile of the Ada-class corvette bears similarities to the {{sclass|Freedom|littoral combat ship}} of the U.S. Navy. The Ada-class corvettes are more heavily armed and are equipped with more capable radar and sonar systems, while the Freedom-class has a higher speed and variable mission modules.[http://www.naval-technology.com/projects/Milgem_Class_Corvett/ Milgem Class Multimission Corvettes, Turkey], Naval Technology, Retrieved 6 December 2010

All four ships of the series, {{TCG|Heybeliada|F-511|6}}, {{TCG|Büyükada|F-512|6}}, {{TCG|Burgazada|F-513|6}} and {{TCG|Kınalıada|F-514|6}} were built by the Istanbul Naval Shipyard. The construction works of the lead ship, TCG Heybeliada, commenced on 26 July 2005. TCG Heybeliada was launched on 27 September 2008. On 2 November 2010, Heybeliada initiated sea acceptance trials in the Sea of Marmara.{{in lang|tr}} [http://www.dzkk.tsk.tr/turkce/guncelduyurular/2010/101112_heybilada_bn.php Newsletter about TCG Heybeliada] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120304222949/http://www.dzkk.tsk.tr/turkce/guncelduyurular/2010/101112_heybilada_bn.php |date=4 March 2012 }}, Turkish Navy, 12 November 2010[http://www.janes.com/news/defence/jni/jni101122_1_n.shtml First Turkish MILGEM begins sea trials], Richard Scott, IHS Jane's, 22 November 2010 Heybeliada entered service on 27 September 2011.{{in lang|tr}} [http://www.dzkk.tsk.tr/turkce/basinduyurulari/2011/110921_milgem_denize_indirme_preveze.php Newsletter about TCG Heybeliada] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120128201657/http://www.dzkk.tsk.tr/turkce/basinduyurulari/2011/110921_milgem_denize_indirme_preveze.php |date=28 January 2012 }}, Turkish Navy, 27 September 2011 The cost of constructing TCG Heybeliada was reportedly around US$260 million.[http://www.hurriyet.com.tr/gundem/16281229.asp?gid=373 Turkiyenin urettigi ilk savas gemisi Heybeliada seyirde], Umit Kozan, 12 November 2010 The production of the second ship of the class, {{TCG|Büyükada|F-512|6}}, commenced on 27 September 2008. Büyükada was expected to incorporate weapon systems with notable performance, such as the ASELSAN air-search radar. Büyükada was launched on 27 September 2011 and underwent sea acceptance trials before it was officially commissioned on 27 September 2013. The construction of {{TCG|Burgazada|F-513|6}} commenced on 17 December 2014. The ship was launched in June 2016 and commissioned on 4 November 2018.[https://navaltoday.com/2018/11/05/turkish-navy-commissions-third-milgem-corvette-tcg-burgazada/ Turkish Navy commissions third Milgem corvette TCG Burgazada], Naval Today, 5 November 2018 Turkish Naval Forces Command (TNFC) received its fourth and last Ada-class corvette, TCG Kınalıada (F-514) on 29 September 2019, in the commissioning ceremony held at the Istanbul Naval Shipyard.[https://www.janes.com/defence-news/news-detail/turkish-navy-receives-fourth-and-last-milgem-corvette Turkish Navy receives fourth and last Milgem corvette], Janes Group UK, 1 October 2019 On 4 November 2019, the Defense Industries Administration (SSB) of Turkey announced that TCG Kınalıada successfully test-fired the Atmaca anti-ship cruise missile.{{Cite web|url=https://quwa.org/2019/11/12/turkey-test-fires-atmaca-anti-ship-missile-from-milgem-corvette/|title=Turkey Test Fires Atmaca Anti-Ship Missile from MILGEM Corvette|date=12 November 2019|website=Quwa|language=en-US|access-date=13 November 2019}}

GENESIS (Gemi Entegre Savaş İdare Sistemi, i.e., Ship Integrated Combat Management System), a network-centric warfare management system developed by HAVELSAN and initially used in the upgraded G-class frigates of the Turkish Navy, was contracted for the first two corvettes on 23 May 2007.[http://www.havelsan.com.tr/SisCoz/ENProjeler.aspx MILGEM Project, GENESIS Combat Management System] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090424072057/http://www.havelsan.com.tr/SisCoz/ENProjeler.aspx |date=24 April 2009 }}, Havelsan, Retrieved 6 December 2010[http://www.janes.com/events/exhibitions/idex2011/sections/daily/day2/havelsan-advances-milgem-.shtml Havelsan advances MILGEM integration], Jane's IDEX 2011 exhibition news, Retrieved 25 February 2011 In the last Ada-class corvette, TCG Kınalıada, the ADVENT combat management system (an upgraded version of GENESIS) was installed. TCG Burgazada will also be retrofitted with the ADVENT combat management system.{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=ADVENT COMBAT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM|url=https://www.defenceturkey.com/en/content/advent-combat-management-system-3742|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210203034523/https://www.defenceturkey.com/en/content/advent-combat-management-system-3742 |archive-date=3 February 2021 |access-date=|website=Defence Turkey}} Ada-class corvettes have a national hull-mounted sonar developed by the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey.[http://www.ssm.gov.tr/home/projects/ReDev/NISS/Sayfalar/IndigeneousSonarWetEndSystem.aspx Indigenous Sonar Wet-End System Production and Integration Project], SSM, Turkey The sonar dome has been developed by STM's subcontractor ONUK-BG Defence Systems, extensively employing nano-enhanced fibre-reinforced polymer.[http://www.onuk-bg.com/EN/MILGEM-Sonar-Domu.htm MİLGEM Corvette Sonar Dome] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120117031808/http://www.onuk-bg.com/EN/MILGEM-Sonar-Domu.htm |date=17 January 2012 }}, Onuk-BG Defence Systems, Turkey The Ada-class also features the Electronic Chart Precise Integrated Navigation System (ECPINS), supplied by OSI Geospatial.[http://www.osigeospatial.com/news/news_releases/2009/0604.htm OSI Geospatial Selected by the Turkish Navy to Provide W-ECPINS for the MILGEM Corvette New Build Program] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120315214223/http://www.osigeospatial.com/news/news_releases/2009/0604.htm |date=15 March 2012 }}, OSI Geospatial News Release, 4 June 2009 The Integrated Platform Management System (IPMS) for controlling machinery, auxiliary systems, power generation and distribution was delivered by STM's subcontractor Yaltes JV. The main systems integrated to IPMS are the power management system, fire detection system, fire fighting system, damage control system, CCTV system and stability control system.[http://www.yaltes.com/eng/projeler/milgemepkis.html YALTES MILGEM IPMS Project] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191212031729/http://www.yaltes.com/eng/projeler/milgemepkis.html |date=12 December 2019 }}, Yaltes JV, Retrieved 6 December 2010

TCG Ufuk (A-591) SIGINT ship and Hisar-class OPVs are variants of the Ada-class corvette that use the same hull and superstructure design but feature different types of systems, armament and equipment.

{{Main|Preveze-class submarine}}

File:US Navy 050624-N-1464F-025 The Turkish submarine Preveze surfaces following the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) submarine escape and rescue exercise Sorbet Royal 2005.jpg surfaces at the Gulf of Taranto during the NATO exercise Sorbet Royal 2005]]

The Half-life Modernisation Project of the Preveze-class submarines covered the modernisation of TCG Preveze (S-353), TCG Sakarya (S-354), TCG 18 Mart (S-355) and TCG Anafartalar (S-356) in the inventory of the Turkish Naval Forces Command. The modernisation activities were carried out by the STM-ASELSAN-HAVELSAN-ASFAT partnership.

The Inertial Navigation System, Salinity-Depth-Density Measurement System, Floating Antenna, Satellite Communication Mast, Assault and Navigation Periscope System, Emergency Underwater Communication System, Cooled Water System, Static Converter and Air Freshening System of the Preveze-class submarines were modernised by STM.{{Cite web|url=https://www.stm.com.tr/our-solutions/naval-engineering/turkish-navy-type-209-1400-preveze-class-submarine|title=STM – Turkish Navy Type 209-1400 PREVEZE Class Submarine|website=STM}}

{{Main|Reis-class submarine}}

File:Tcg-pirireis.jpg during the Mavi Vatan 2025 exercise of the Turkish Naval Forces, January 8, 2025]]

The Reis-class submarines are the first submarines in the Turkish Naval Forces with air-independent propulsion (AIP), which is made possible by fuel cell technology. The submarines can also deploy heavyweight torpedoes and anti-ship missiles, and lay mines against targets, both at sea and on land.

Apart from Piri Reis, five more submarines of the project are expected to be commissioned by 2027. The sea trials of the first submarine of the class, Piri Reis, began on 6 December 2022.{{cite web|url=https://www.savunmatr.com/piri-reis-denizaltisinin-deniz-testleri-basladi|title=Piri Reis denizaltısının deniz testleri başladı|website=savunmatr.com|date=9 December 2022}} TCG Piri Reis (S-330) was commissioned on 24 August 2024.{{Cite news|date=24 August 2024|title=Pirireis denizaltısı bugün hizmete giriyor! Donanmaya güç katacak |url=https://www.trhaber.com/savunma/pirireis-denizaltisi-bugun-hizmete-giriyor-donanmaya-guc-katacak-h864350.html }} The outfitting of the project's second submarine Hızır Reis and the hull production phases of two other vessels are ongoing.

In 2015, Gölcük Naval Shipyard commenced a 10-year programme to build six Type 214 submarines, locally known as the Reis-class submarines, with technology from Thyssen-Krupp Marine Systems of Germany.{{Cite web|url=https://www.defenseworld.net/news/26051/Turkey_Launches_Submarine_with_Air_independent_Propulsion#.YDqs1VX7TIV|title=Turkey Launches Submarine with Air-independent Propulsion|website=www.defenseworld.net}}

{{Main|MILDEN project}}

The MILDEN project (Turkish: Milli Denizaltı Projesi; English: "National Submarine Project") is a multi-year military design and procurement project to develop indigenous air-independent power attack submarines, intended to be commissioned into the Turkish Naval Forces in the 2030s. The first MILDEN class submarine is being designed and built at the Gölcük Naval Shipyard, where the concept design was completed in 2022, and the preliminary design phase, in which the main and auxiliary systems will be elaborated in detail, began in September 2022.

MILDEN is a diesel-electric submarine of approximately 2,700 tonnes displacement, and over {{convert|80|m}} in length.{{cite news |title=First Details On Turkiye's Future MILDEN Submarine |url=https://www.navalnews.com/naval-news/2022/08/first-details-on-turkiyes-future-milden-submarine/ |work=Naval News|last=Ozberk |first=Tayfun |date=30 August 2022 |access-date=30 August 2022}}

The construction of the first MILDEN-class submarine started on January 2, 2025.{{cite web|url=https://www.navalnews.com/naval-news/2025/01/turkish-navy-starts-construction-of-3-major-projects-mugem-aircraft-carrier-tf-2000-destroyer-and-milden/|title=Turkish Navy starts construction of 3 major projects: MUGEM Aircraft Carrier, TF-2000 Destroyer, MILDEN Submarine|author=Tayfun Ozberk|publisher=Naval News|website=navalnews.com|date=2 January 2025}}{{Cite web |date=2025-01-02 |title=Turkiye Begins MILDEN, TF-2000, and MUGEM Constructions {{!}} TURDEF |url=https://turdef.com/article/turkiye-begins-milden-tf-2000-and-mugem-constructions |access-date=2025-01-02 |website=turdef.com |language=en}}{{cite web|url=https://armyrecognition.com/news/navy-news/2025/turkish-naval-ambitions-realized-construction-of-milden-submarine-and-carrier-starts|title=Turkish Naval Ambitions Realized: Construction of MİLDEN Submarine and Carrier Starts|website=armyrecognition.com|publisher=Army Recognition Group - Global Defense News|date=3 January 2025}}

{{Main|Baykar Bayraktar TB3}}

File:Bayraktar TB3 on the runway of TCG Anadolu - 2.jpg UCAV on the flight deck of TCG Anadolu (L-400) in Istanbul, April 17, 2023.]]

In February 2021, chairman of the Presidency of Defense Industries (SSB) Ismail Demir made public a new type of UAV being developed by Baykar that is planned to be stationed to Turkey's first drone-carrying amphibious assault ship, TCG Anadolu.{{Cite web|last=SABAH|first=DAILY|date=2021-03-25|title=Turkey's TCG Anadolu to allow drones to land, takeoff in global 1st|url=https://www.dailysabah.com/business/defense/turkeys-tcg-anadolu-to-allow-drones-to-land-takeoff-in-global-1st|access-date=2021-05-11|website=Daily Sabah|language=en-US}} The new aircraft being developed is a naval version of the Bayraktar TB2 equipped with a local engine developed by TEI.{{Cite web|last=AA|first=DAILY SABAH WITH|date=2020-10-30|title=Local engines to power Turkey's cutting-edge combat drones|url=https://www.dailysabah.com/business/defense/local-engines-to-power-turkeys-cutting-edge-combat-drones|access-date=2021-05-11|website=Daily Sabah|language=en-US}} According to the initial plans the ship was expected to be equipped with F-35B fighter jets but following the removal of Turkey from the procurement program, the vessel got into a modification process to be able to accommodate UAVs. Mr. Demir stated that between 30 and 50 folding-winged Bayraktar TB3 UAVs will be able to land and take off using the deck of Anadolu.{{cite web|url=https://baykartech.com/en/bayraktar-tb3/|title=Bayraktar TB3|website=baykartech.com|accessdate=9 August 2022}}{{Cite web|last=Axe|first=David|title=Behold The Turkish Navy's Drone Aircraft Carrier|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/davidaxe/2021/05/10/behold-the-turkish-navys-drone-aircraft-carrier/|access-date=2021-05-11|website=Forbes|language=en}}{{Cite web |date=25 March 2021|title=Turkey's TCG Anadolu to allow drones to land, takeoff in global 1st|url=https://www.dailysabah.com/business/defense/turkeys-tcg-anadolu-to-allow-drones-to-land-takeoff-in-global-1st|access-date=10 May 2021|website=Daily Sabah|language=en-US}}{{Cite web |date=30 October 2020|title=Local engines to power Turkey's cutting-edge combat drones |url=https://www.dailysabah.com/business/defense/local-engines-to-power-turkeys-cutting-edge-combat-drones|access-date=10 May 2021|website=Daily Sabah|language=en-US}}

On November 19, 2024, a Baykar Bayraktar TB3 UCAV successfully took-off from the flight deck of TCG Anadolu and landed on the ship. It was the first time a fixed-wing unmanned aircraft of this size and class had successfully landed on a short-runway landing helicopter dock, without the use of an arresting gear.

{{Main|Bayraktar Kızılelma}}

File:Baykar Bayraktar Kızılelma 2.png is a jet-powered, low-observable,{{Cite web|last=Azman|first=Kaan|date=2021-08-04|title=Selçuk Bayraktar'dan Muharip İnsansız Uçak Sistemi üzerine açıklamalar |url=https://www.defenceturk.net/selcuk-bayraktardan-muharip-insansiz-ucak-sistemi-uzerine-aciklamalar |access-date=2021-08-09 |website=DefenceTurk |language=tr}} supersonic,{{Cite web |title=Ascendant and assertive Turkey creates tough choices for US |url=https://asia.nikkei.com/Politics/International-relations/Ascendant-and-assertive-Turkey-creates-tough-choices-for-US |access-date=2021-08-09 |website=Nikkei Asia |language=en-GB}} carrier-capable{{Cite web |last=Ozberk |first=Tayfun |date=2021-07-22 |title=Turkey to deploy MIUS unmanned combat aircraft from LHD Anadolu |url=https://www.navalnews.com/naval-news/2021/07/turkey-to-deploy-mius-unmanned-combat-aircraft-from-lhd-anadolu/|access-date=2021-08-09 |website=Naval News |language=en-US}} UCAV designed to operate on TCG Anadolu.]]

Developed for the Turkish Navy and Turkish Air Force as part of Project MIUS, the jet-powered Bayraktar Kızılelma UCAV is designed to operate on TCG Anadolu.{{cite web|url=https://www.navalnews.com/naval-news/2022/05/here-is-how-uavs-will-be-recovered-aboard-tcg-anadolu/|title=Here Is How UAVs Will Be Recovered Aboard TCG Anadolu|website=navalnews.com|publisher=Naval News|author=Tayfun Özberk|date=1 May 2022}} Its maiden flight took place on 14 December 2022.{{Cite web |last=Herk |first=Hans van |title=Kızılelma takes to the sky! |url=https://www.scramble.nl/military-news/k-z-lelma-takes-to-the-sky |date=14 December 2022 |website=www.scramble.nl |language=en-GB}}{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IxVpXGf8e8I|title=Bayraktar Kızılelma's Formation Flights — A First in Aviation History|publisher=Baykar Technologies|date=5 June 2023}}

{{Main|ULAQ}}

ULAQ is the first indigenous and locally developed Armed Unmanned Surface Vehicle (AUSV). The vehicle is being developed by a joint venture between Ares Shipyard and METEKSAN. The vessel is planned to be equipped with four Cirit and two L-UMTAS anti-tank missile systems provided by Roketsan. Moreover, ULAQ is projected to have a 400-kilometer-long cruising range with 65 km per hour maximum speed. The vessel is planned to be operated in missions such as reconnaissance, surveillance and intelligence, surface warfare, asymmetric warfare, armed escort and force protection, and strategic facility security.{{Cite web|date=3 May 2021|title=Meteksan unveils a new version of ULAQ vessel|url=https://www.navyrecognition.com/index.php/naval-news/naval-news-archive/2021/may/10090-meteksan-unveils-a-new-version-of-ulaq-asw-vessel.html|access-date=2021-05-11|website=www.navyrecognition.com}} Currently, the project is undergoing sea trials and will start to fire tests through the third quarter of 2021.{{Cite web|last=SABAH|first=DAILY|date=2021-02-12|title=Turkey's 1st unmanned marine craft begins trial trips|url=https://www.dailysabah.com/business/defense/turkeys-1st-unmanned-marine-craft-begins-trial-trips|access-date=2021-05-11|website=Daily Sabah|language=en-US}}{{Cite web|title=Turkey launches its first armed unmanned marine vehicle prototype|url=https://www.trtworld.com/magazine/turkey-launches-its-first-armed-unmanned-marine-vehicle-prototype-42415|access-date=2021-05-11|website=Turkey launches its first armed unmanned marine vehicle prototype|language=en}} The first firing test of the vessel was completed on 26 May 2021 by destroying a designated target with the Roketsan Cirit missile.{{Cite web|date=2021-05-27|title=Armed Unmanned Marine Vehicle ULAQ Accurately Hit|url=https://raillynews.com/2021/05/armed-unmanned-naval-vessel-ulaq-hit-with-full-hit/|access-date=2021-05-27|website=RayHaber {{!}} RaillyNews|language=en}}

{{Main|TCB Marlin SİDA}}

With a ceremony held on 9 January 2024, she entered service in the Turkish Naval Forces as the first UCSV (unmanned combat surface vessel) with the hull number TCB-1101 and name Marlin SİDA.{{cite web|url=https://www.janes.com/osint-insights/defence-news/sea/marlin-usv-deploys-with-surface-warships-for-first-time-during-turkish-naval-exercise|title=Marlin USV deploys with surface warships for first time during Turkish naval exercise|author=Kate Tringham|website=janes.com|date=4 June 2024}}

{{Main|Istanbul Naval Museum}}

File:IstanbulNavalMuseum38.JPG galley known as Tarihi Kadırga at the Istanbul Naval Museum, built in the period between the reigns of Sultan Murad III (1574–1595) and Sultan Mehmed IV (1648–1687), as evidenced by AMS radiocarbon dating and dendrochronological research. She is the only surviving original galley in the world,{{Cite web |title=Cornucopia Magazine |url=https://www.cornucopia.net/guide/listings/museums/naval-museum/ |access-date=2022-03-16 |website=www.cornucopia.net}} with the oldest continuously maintained wooden hull.]]

The Istanbul Naval Museum is located in the Beşiktaş district of Istanbul, Turkey. It was established in 1897 by the Ottoman Minister of the Navy (Bahriye Nazırı) Bozcaadalı Hasan Hüsnü Pasha.{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jVURdQhlYp8C&pg=PA1670|title=The World of Learning 2004|first=Europa Europa|last=Publications|date=28 January 2003|publisher=Taylor & Francis Group|isbn=9781857431827 |via=Google Books}}{{Cite web |url=http://www.turkishairlines.com/en-INT/skylife/2006/july/articles/besiktas-maritime-museum.aspx |title=Archived copy |access-date=2011-08-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120930081312/http://www.turkishairlines.com/en-INT/skylife/2006/july/articles/besiktas-maritime-museum.aspx |archive-date=2012-09-30 |url-status=dead }}

The museum contains an important collection of military artifacts pertaining to the Ottoman Navy. In the maritime field, it is Turkey's largest museum, with a great variety of collections. Around 20,000 pieces are present in its collection, including the late 16th or early 17th century Ottoman Navy galley known as Tarihi Kadırga, built in the period between the reigns of Sultan Murad III (1574–1595) and Sultan Mehmed IV (1648–1687),{{Cite web |date=2021-11-24 |title=The Historical Galley |url=https://denizmuzesi.dzkk.tsk.tr/index.php/en/content/2 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211008120739/https://denizmuzesi.dzkk.tsk.tr/index.php/en/content/2 |archive-date=8 October 2021 |website=denizmuzesi.dzkk.tsk.tr}}{{Cite web|title=Liphschitz, N., 2014. The Kadirga galley in Istanbul – The Turkish Sultan's Caique: A dendrohistorical research. In: Environment and Ecology in the Mediterranean Region II (eds. R. Efe and M. Ozturk). Cambridge Scholars Pub. Pp.39–48. Cambridge.|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/304623376}} as evidenced by AMS radiocarbon dating and dendrochronological research. She is the only surviving original galley in the world, and has the world's oldest continuously maintained wooden hull.{{Cite web|title=Center for Maritime Archaeology and Conservation – Texas A&M University|url=https://nautarch.tamu.edu/cmac/report1.shtml|access-date=2021-11-24|website=nautarch.tamu.edu}}

Being connected to the Turkish Naval Forces Command, it is also the country's first military museum.

In the early 21st century a new exhibition building was constructed. The construction began in 2008, and the building was reopened on 4 October 2013. It has two floors above ground level and one basement floor, all covering {{convert|20000|m2|sqft|abbr=on}}.

The basement consists of diverse items like figureheads, ornaments of naval ships, ship models, and pieces of the Byzantine chain that was used for blocking the entrance of the Golden Horn during the Ottoman conquest of Constantinople (Istanbul) in 1453. In the first and second floors, a large number of imperial and other caïques are exhibited.{{cite web|url=https://www.turkishmuseums.com/museum/detail/22321-istanbul-naval-museum/22321/4|title=Istanbul Naval Museum|website=turkishmuseums.com|access-date=8 March 2025}}

Many exhibition items underwent special restoration and conservation works due to deformation of the raw materials caused by heat, light, humidity, atmospheric conditions, vandalism and other factors.{{cite web |url=http://www.denizmuzeleri.tsk.tr/en/idmk/default.asp |publisher=Deniz Müzeleri |title=Main Page |access-date=2014-11-11 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141111121021/http://www.denizmuzeleri.tsk.tr/en/idmk/default.asp |archive-date=2014-11-11 }}

{{main|Ranks of the Turkish Navy}}

• Non-Turkish speakers might like to know that OF3, OF2, and OR2 literally translates as "Head of 1000", "Head of 100", and "Head of 10", respectively.

File:ONI JAN 1 Uniforms and Insignia Page 123 Turkish Navy WW2 Commissioned officers August 1943 Field recognition. US public doc. No known copyright.jpg|Uniforms and Insignia of the Turkish Navy during the Second World War - CO.

File:ONI JAN 1 Uniforms and Insignia Page 125 Turkish Navy WW2 Petty officers and seamen August 1943 Field recognition. US public doc. No known copyright.jpg|Uniforms and Insignia of the Turkish Navy during the Second World War - NCO.

File:Turkish Navy soldiers.jpg|Officers and seamen of the Turkish Navy on April 10, 2002.

File:John Reith Turkish Cpt.JPG|British Gen. Sir John Reith and German Gen. Ranier Shuwirth receiving an operations brief by Turkish Naval Capt. Cengiz Ekin on May 3, 2007.

File:Tag des Sieges 2.JPG|Navy Honor Guard during the Victory Day celebrations on August 30, 2007.

File:Turkish sailors in Phoenix Express 2009.jpg|Turkish SAT commandos perform fast-rope exercises from a U.S. Navy MH-60S Sea Hawk helicopter during exercise Phoenix Express 2009.

File:Turkish boarding teams practice tactical movements aboard the frigate TCG Gokceada (F-494), exercise Phoenix Express 2017, Cartagena, Spain, May 11, 2017.jpg|Turkish boarding teams practice tactical movements aboard TCG Gökçeada (F-494) during exercise Phoenix Express 2017.

File:Sea Breeze 24-2 Fleet Commanders' Conference (8637479).jpg|Turkish Navy and U.S. Navy officers during exercise Sea Breeze 2024.

File:Senior leaders of the USS Wasp Amphibious Ready Group are given a tour by senior leaders of TCG Anadolu (3).jpg|Senior officers of the USS Wasp (LHD-1) Amphibious Ready Group are hosted by the senior officers of TCG Anadolu (L-400) on August 15, 2024.

File:Turkish sailors simulate refueling an MV-22B Osprey on TCG Anadolu’s flight deck.jpg|Turkish Navy sailors assigned to TCG Anadolu (L-400) simulate refueling an MV-22B Osprey of the U.S. Navy on Anadolu’s flight deck, August 15, 2024.

• Turkish Armed Forces
• Turkish Land Forces
• Turkish Air Force
• Lists of ships of the Turkish Navy
• Ottoman Navy
• List of commanders of the Turkish Naval Forces

{{notelist}}

{{reflist}}

{{Commons category|Navies of Turkey}}

• [http://www.dzkk.tsk.tr/denizweb/english/homepage.php Turkish Navy] – Official website
• [http://www.denizmuzeleri.tsk.tr/en/idmk/ Turkish Naval Museum] – Official website
• [https://web.archive.org/web/20101225070935/http://ijnhonline.org/volume1_number1_Apr02/article_guvenc_turkey_navy.doc.htm Serhat Guvenc, "Building a Republican Navy in Turkey: 1924–1939", International Journal of Naval History]
• [http://www.ssm.gov.tr/home/projects/naval/Sayfalar/default.aspx Undersecretariat for Defence Industries]

{{Military of Turkey}}

{{Allied Maritime Command}}

{{Asia topic|Navy of|title=Navies of Asia}}

{{Navies in Europe}}

{{Black Sea Naval Co-operation Task Group (BLACKSEAFOR)}}

Category:Military units and formations established in 1920

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