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Tussock grass#New Zealand

{{Short description|Informal group of grass species}}

Tussock grasses or bunch grasses are a group of grass species in the family Poaceae. They usually grow as singular plants in clumps, tufts, hummocks, or bunches, rather than forming a sod or lawn, in meadows, grasslands, and prairies. As perennial plants, most species live more than one season. Tussock grasses are often found as forage in pastures and ornamental grasses in gardens.

Many species have long roots that may reach {{convert|2|m|ft|sp=us|spell=in|frac=2|abbr=off}} or more into the soil, which can aid slope stabilization, erosion control, and soil porosity for precipitation absorption. Also, their roots can reach moisture more deeply than other grasses and annual plants during seasonal or climatic droughts. The plants provide habitat and food for insects (including Lepidoptera), birds, small animals and larger herbivores, and support beneficial soil mycorrhiza. The leaves supply material, such as for basket weaving, for indigenous peoples and contemporary artists.

Tussock and bunch grasses occur in almost any habitat where other grasses are found, including: grasslands, savannas and prairies, wetlands and estuaries, riparian zones, shrublands and scrublands, woodlands and forests, montane and alpine zones, tundra and dunes, and deserts.

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|East-Falkland.jpg|Tussock-bunch grasslands, dormant season, in the Falkland Islands in the south Atlantic

|Konza1.jpg|Bunch-tussock grasses in the Konza tallgrass prairie

|Geitoneura klugii3.jpg|Larvae of the Geitoneura klugii feed on grasses like slender tussock grass, kangaroo grass, and false brome.

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Fire resistance

In western North American wildfires, bunch grasses tend to smolder and not ignite into flames, unlike invasive species of annual grasses that contribute to a fire's spreading.

Genera

:Examples:

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Species

=Australia=

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=New Zealand=

{{Further|Tussock grasslands of New Zealand}}

=North America=

:Bunch grasses:

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=South America=

File:Flora near Keetmanshoop, Namibia.jpg near Keetmanshoop in Namibia]]

=Africa=

=Europe=

See also

=Non-Poaceae tussocks=

References

{{Reflist|1|refs=

Crampton, Beecher. "Grasses in California. University of California Press. Berkeley. 1974. {{ISBN|0-520-02507-5}}. p. 7 Walker, T.W. 1955 "The Ecology of Tussock Grasslands: Discussion" Proc. NZ Ecol. Soc 3:7 "One fifth of New Zealand carries tussock or bunch grass vegetation, more than other steppes, prairies, or grasslands of the world"

{{cite web |url=http://www.cnga.org/index.html |title=California Native Grasslands Association; access date: 6/9/2010 |publisher=Cnga.org |date=2012-07-20 |access-date=2012-12-23 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120308031035/http://www.cnga.org/index.html |archive-date=2012-03-08 }}

R.H. Groves, R.D.B. Whalley "Grass and Grassland Ecology in Australia" in Flora of Australia Volume 43 Poaceae 1: Introduction and Atlas, CSIRO Publishing, Canberra. "Tussock" grass implies a vertical orientation of the grass clump. In North American usage "Bunch grass" is more specific and defines a clumping, non-rhizomatous or non-stoloniferous growth form, vertical to splayed, and usually perennial with a deeper rooting system than other Poacea.

Walker, T.W. 1955 "The Ecology of Tussock Grasslands: Discussion" Proc. NZ Ecol. Soc 3:7 "One fifth of New Zealand carries tussock or bunch grass vegetation, more than other steppes, prairies, or grasslands of the world"

Ellsworth and Kauffman, 2010, Native Bunchgrasses Response to Prescribed fire in Ungrazed Grasslands

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External links

  • [http://www.cnga.org/ California Native Grasslands Association]: Bunchgrass species & habitats: preservation & restoration
  • http://www.landcareresearch.co.nz/resources/identification/plants/grass-key {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131012030314/http://www.landcareresearch.co.nz/resources/identification/plants/grass-key |date=2013-10-12 }}

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Category:Grasses

Category:Biogeography

Category:Poaceae

Category:Grasslands