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List of Poaceae genera

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File:Brome_stérile003.jpg, showing typical grass morphology with blade-like leaves and inflorescence as spikelets organised in a panicle]]

Poaceae, also known as the true grasses, is the fourth largest plant family in the world with around 12,000 species and roughly 800 genera.{{Cite web |last=Sánchez |first=Mónica |date=2020-01-22 |title=What are the largest plant families? |url=https://www.jardineriaon.com/en/larger-plant-families.html |access-date=2023-12-14 |website=Jardineria On |language=en}} They contain, among others, the cereal crop species and other plants of economic importance, such as the bamboos, and several important weeds.

Grasses probably originated in the understory of tropical rainforests in the Late Cretaceous, but have since come to occupy a wide range of different habitats.{{cite journal|last1=Edwards|first1=E. J.|last2=Smith|first2=S. A.|title=Phylogenetic analyses reveal the shady history of C4 grasses|journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences|volume=107|issue=6|year=2010|pages=2532–2537|issn=0027-8424|doi=10.1073/pnas.0909672107|pmid=20142480|pmc=2823882|bibcode=2010PNAS..107.2532E|doi-access=free}} {{open access}}{{cite journal|last1=Christin|first1=P.-A.|last2=Spriggs|first2=E.|last3=Osborne|first3=C. P.|last4=Stromberg|first4=C. A. E.|last5=Salamin|first5=N.|last6=Edwards|first6=E. J.|title=Molecular Dating, Evolutionary Rates, and the Age of the Grasses|journal=Systematic Biology|volume=63|issue=2|year=2013|pages=153–165|issn=1063-5157|doi=10.1093/sysbio/syt072|pmid=24287097|doi-access=free}} {{open access}} Notably, they are the dominant species in grasslands, open habitats that cover around one fifth of the earth's terrestrial surface. The C4 photosynthetic pathway has evolved at least 22 times independently in the grasses; C4 species are more competitive than C3 plants in open habitats with high light intensity and warm temperatures.

The deeper relationships in the family have been resolved by recent molecular phylogenetic work.{{cite journal |author=Grass Phylogeny Working Group II| title=New grass phylogeny resolves deep evolutionary relationships and discovers C4 origins | journal=New Phytologist |volume=193 |issue=2 |year=2012 |pages=304–312 |issn=0028-646X |doi=10.1111/j.1469-8137.2011.03972.x |pmid=22115274| hdl=2262/73271 |hdl-access=free }} {{open access}} This has been translated into a modern classification which divides the grasses into twelve subfamilies and a number of tribes, with large tribes further divided into subtribes.{{cite journal |last1=Soreng |first1=Robert J. |last2=Peterson |first2=Paul M. |last3=Romschenko |first3=Konstantin |last4=Davidse |first4=Gerrit |last5=Zuloaga |first5=Fernando O. |last6=Judziewicz |first6=Emmet J. |last7=Filgueiras |first7=Tarciso S. |last8=Davis |first8=Jerrold I. |last9=Morrone |first9=Osvaldo |title=A worldwide phylogenetic classification of the Poaceae (Gramineae) |journal=Journal of Systematics and Evolution |volume=53 |issue=2 |year=2015 |pages=117–137 |issn=1674-4918 |doi=10.1111/jse.12150|s2cid=84052108 |hdl=11336/25248 |hdl-access=free }} {{open access}}

Anomochlooideae, Pharoideae and Puelioideae are early diverging lineages containing only a few species. Most of the diversity falls into the two big BOP and PACMAD clades, which each contain roughly half of the family's species. C4 lineages have only evolved in the PACMAD clade, whereas many lineages in the BOP clade have evolved adaptations to cold climate.

While the higher-level classification of the grasses is now relatively well understood, taxonomic efforts continue at the species and genera level, and with continuing phylogenetic research, a number of names is likely to change.{{cite journal |last1=Vorontsova|first1=Maria S. |last2=Simon |first2=Bryan K. |title=Updating classifications to reflect monophyly: 10 to 20 percent of species names change in Poaceae |journal=Taxon |volume=61 |issue=4 |year=2012 |pages=735–746|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/260285689|doi=10.1002/tax.614003 }} The list of genera below is therefore likely to evolve with further study.

Genera

793 genera are currently accepted:[https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:30000032-2 Poaceae Barnhart]. Plants of the World Online. Retrieved 4 July 2023.

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File:Arundinaria_gigantea.jpg, a temperate woody bamboo (Bambusoideae: Arundinarieae)]]

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File:Briza media - keskmine värihein.jpg, Pooideae: Poeae)]]

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File:Cenchrus longisetus (Poaceae).jpg

File:Cortaderia_selloana_-_El_rio_San_Pedro_lleva_mucha_agua_by_tomasero_-_001.jpg, Danthonioideae) marking the landscape in Atacama Desert, Chile]]

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File:Rice_02.jpg (Oryzoideae: Oryzeae), in Cambodia]]

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File:Pharus_parvifolius_Nash_ssp._parvifolius_Judz._(14730968949).jpg, an early-diverging grass in the subfamily Pharoideae, growing in the understory of tropical rainforest]]

File:Phragmites_australis_Schilfrohr.jpg (Arundinoideae: Arundineae), growing on a lakeshore]]

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File:Kolbenhirse.jpg, Panicoideae: Paniceae)]]

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File:Tragus roxburghii W IMG 1725.jpg, a C4 grass in subfamily Chloridoideae]]

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File:Corncobs_edit1.jpg, Panicoideae: Andropogoneae)]]

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References

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Poaceae

Poaceae

Poaceae genera

Poaceae