Virtual console

{{Short description|Software emulation of a computer terminal}}

{{for|Nintendo's game download service|Virtual Console}}

{{also|Virtual terminal}}

{{ref improve|date=May 2014}}

Image:KNOPPIX booting.png boot messages]]

A virtual console (VC) – also known as a virtual terminal (VT) – is a conceptual combination of the keyboard and display for a computer user interface. It is a feature of some Unix-like operating systems such as Linux, BSD, illumos, UnixWare, and macOS in which the system console of the computer can be used to switch between multiple virtual consoles to access unrelated user interfaces. Virtual consoles date back at least to Xenix{{cite web

| url = http://www.freepatentsonline.com/4945468.html

| title = Trusted path mechanism for virtual terminal environments

| publisher = FreePatentsOnline.com

| access-date = 2008-04-09}}
United States Patent 4945468 lists Xenix as prior art in this area. and Concurrent CP/M in the 1980s.{{cite news

| url = https://archive.org/stream/byte-magazine-1983-11/1983_11_BYTE_08-11_Inside_the_IBM_PC#page/n263/mode/2up

| title = Concurrent CP/M

| work = BYTE

| date = November 1983

| access-date = 19 March 2016

| last = Guzaitis

| first = Joe

| pages = 257–268}}

In the Linux console and other platforms, usually the first six virtual consoles provide a text terminal with a login prompt to a Unix shell. The graphical X Window System traditionally starts in the seventh virtual console (tty7), although this is configuration dependent.

In Linux, the user switches between them by pressing the Alt key combined with a function key – for example {{key press|Alt}} + {{key press|F1}} to access the virtual console number 1. {{key press|Alt}} + {{key press|Left}} changes to the previous virtual console and {{key press|Alt}} + {{key press|Right}} to the next virtual console. To switch from the X Window System or a Wayland compositor, {{key press|Ctrl}} + {{key press|Alt}} + {{key press|F1}} works. (Note that users can redefine these default key combinations.)

If several sessions of the X Window System are required to run in parallel, such as in the case of fast user switching or when debugging X programs on a separate X server, each X session usually runs in a separate virtual console.