Voiced dental and alveolar implosives

{{redirect|Alveolar implosive|the voiceless consonant|Voiceless alveolar implosive}}

{{Infobox IPA

|ipa symbol=ɗ

|ipa number=162

|decimal=599

|x-sampa=d_<

|imagefile=IPA Unicode 0x0257.svg

|imagesize=150px

|braille=236

|braille2=d

}}

The voiced alveolar implosive is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is {{angbr IPA|ɗ }}. The IPA symbol is lowercase letter d with a rightward hook protruding from the upper right of the letter.

The voiced dental implosive may be found in the Jhangvi dialect of Punjabi and has the symbol {{Angbr IPA|ɗ̪}}.{{sfn|Shackle|1976|p=23}}{{sfn|Bahl|1936|p=28}}

Features

Features of the voiced alveolar implosive:

Occurrence

= Alveolar =

class="wikitable" ! Language !! Word !! IPA !! Meaning !! Notes
Cia-Cia \|adi/아디 \|[aɗi] \|'Adi' \|Adi is a name.
Ega{{Harvcoltxt\|Connell\|Ahoua\|Gibbon\|2002\|p=100}}	colspan=2 align=center\| {{IPA\|[ɗá]}}	'hide'
Fula	{{lang\|ff-Latn\|ɗiɗi}}/{{lang\|ff-Adlm\|𞤯𞤭𞤯𞤭}}/{{lang\|ff-Arab\|طِطِ}}	{{IPA\|[ɗiɗi]}}	'two'
Goemai	{{lang\|ank\|ḍal}}	{{IPA\|[ɗal]}}	'to swallow'
Hausa	{{lang\|ha\|ɗaiɗai}}/{{lang\|ha-Arab\|rtl=yes\|طَـیْـطَـیْ}}	{{IPA\|[ɗei̯ɗei̯]}}	'one at a time'
Jamaican Patois{{Harvcoltxt\|Devonish\|Harry\|2004\|p=456}}	{{lang\|jam\|dem}}	{{IPA\|[ɗem]}}	'them'	Allophone of {{IPA\|/d/}} in the onset of prominent syllables
Kalabari{{Harvcoltxt\|Harry\|2003\|p=113}}	{{lang\|ijn\|ḍa}}	{{IPA\|[ɗà]}}	'father'
Karajá	{{lang\|kpj-Latn\|ti}}	{{IPA\|[ɗi]}}	'bone'
Khmer	{{lang\|km\|ដប់}}/{{Transliteration\|km\|dáb}}	{{IPA\|[ɗɑp]}}	'ten'
Konso{{Cite book \|last=Orkaydo \|first=Ongaye Oda \|title=A Grammar of Konso \|year=2013 \|pages=11}}	{{lang\|kxc\|bad}}	{{IPA\|[ɓaɗ]}}	'to hide'
Kwaza{{Citation \|last=Voort \|first=Hein van der \|title=A Grammar of Kwaza \|date=2008-08-22 \|url=https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/9783110197280/html?lang=en \|access-date=2024-03-13 \|publisher=De Gruyter Mouton \|language=en \|doi=10.1515/9783110197280 \|isbn=978-3-11-019728-0}} \|{{lang\|xwa\|deda}} \|{{IPA\|[ɗe'ɗa]}} \|'snake' \|Analyzed as /d/
Mono{{Harvcoltxt\|Olson\|2004\|p=233}}	{{lang\|mnh\|ku‘da}}	{{IPA\|[kūɗā]}}	'debt'
Ongota	colspan=2 align=center\| {{IPA\|[ɡaːɗa]}}	'dull'
Parkari Koli	{{lang\|kvx-Arab\|rtl=yes\|واۮۯون}}	{{IPA\|[vaːɗaɭuːn]}}	' clouds
Paumarí{{Harvcoltxt\|Everett\|2003\|p=23}}	{{lang\|pad\|'bo{{`}}da}}	{{IPA\|[ɓoɗa]}}	'old' \|
Serer{{Harvcoltxt\|Mc Laughlin\|2005\|p=100}} \| {{lang\|srr\|biɗ}}/{{lang\|srr-Arab\|rtl=yes\|بِـطْ}} \| {{IPA\|[biɗ]}} \| 'flower' \| Contrasts /ɓ̥, ɗ̥, ʄ̊, ɓ, ɗ, ʄ/.
Sindhi	{{lang\|sd-Arab\|rtl=yes\|ڏر}}	{{IPA\|[ɗarʊ]}}	'crevice'
Shona	{{lang\|sn\|kudada}}	{{IPA\|[kuɗaɗa]}}	'prideful and pompous'
Tera{{Harvcoltxt\|Tench\|2007\|p=228}}	{{lang\|ttr\|ɗana}}	{{IPA\|[ɗàna]}}	'to talk'
Tukang Besi	colspan=2 align=center\| {{IPA\|[piɗi]}}	'rubbish'
Vietnamese{{Harvcoltxt\|Thompson\|1959\|pp=458–461}}	{{lang\|vi\|đuôi}}	{{IPA\|[ɗuəj]}}	'tail'	See Vietnamese phonology.
Wadiyara Koli \| colspan=3 align=center \| {{example needed\|date=November 2022}} \| Contrasts {{IPA\|/ɓ ɗ ᶑ ʄ ɠ/}}.
Wambule	{{lang\|wme\|डि॒}}	{{IPA\|[ɗi]}}	'name'
Standard Zhuang \|{{lang\|za\|nda}} \|{{IPA\|[ɗa]}} \|'set' \|

= Dental =

class="wikitable"

! Language !! Word !! IPA !! Meaning !! Notes

Jhangvi dialect{{sfn|Shackle|1976|p=23}}{{sfn|Bahl|1936|p=28}}

colspan="3" align="center" | {{Example needed|date=September 2024}}

Notes

References

{{citation

|last1=Connell

|first1=Bruce

|last2=Ahoua

|first2=Firmin

|last3=Gibbon

|first3=Dafydd

|year=2002

|title=Ega

|journal=Journal of the International Phonetic Association

|volume=32

|issue=1

|pages=99–104

|doi=10.1017/S002510030200018X

|doi-access=free

}}

{{citation

|last1=Devonish

|first1=H

|last2=Harry

|first2=Otelamate G.

|year= 2004

|editor=Kortman, B

|editor2=Shneider E. W.

|chapter=Jamaican phonology

|title=A Handbook of Varieties of English

|volume=1

|series=phonology

|pages=441–471

|place=Berlin

|publisher=Mouton De Gruyter

}}

{{Citation

|last=Everett

|first=Daniel L.

|date=2003

|title=Iambic Feet in Paumari and the Theory of Foot Structure

|journal=Linguistic Discovery|volume=2

|issue=1

|doi=10.1349/ps1.1537-0852.a.263

|issn=1537-0852|doi-access=free

}}

{{citation

|last=Harry

|first=Otelemate

|year=2003

|title=Kalaḅarị-Ịjo

|journal=Journal of the International Phonetic Association

|volume=33

|issue=1

|pages=113–120

|doi=10.1017/S002510030300121X

|doi-access=free

}}

{{citation

|last=Keer

|first=Edward

|year=1999

|title=Geminates, The OCP and The Nature of CON

|publisher=Rutgers University

}}

{{citation

|last=Mc Laughlin

|first=Fiona

|year=2005

|title=Voiceless implosives in Seereer-Siin

|journal=Journal of the International Phonetic Association

|volume=35

|issue=2

|pages=201–214

|doi=10.1017/S0025100305002215

|s2cid=145717014

}}

{{citation

|last=Olson

|first=Kenneth S.

|year=2004

|title=Mono

|journal=Journal of the International Phonetic Association

|volume=34

|issue=2

|pages=233–238

|doi=10.1017/S0025100304001744

|url=http://www.sil.org/system/files/reapdata/11/37/52/113752932904084361138922206226269471614/Olson2004.pdf

|doi-access=free

}}

{{citation

|last=Tench

|first=Paul

|year=2007

|title=Tera

|journal=Journal of the International Phonetic Association

|volume=37

|issue=1

|pages=228–234

|doi=10.1017/s0025100307002952

|doi-access=free

}}

{{citation

|last=Thompson

|first=Laurence

|year=1959

|title=Saigon phonemics

|journal=Language

|volume=35

|issue=3

|pages=454–476

|doi=10.2307/411232

|jstor=411232

}}

External links

{{phoible|ɗ}}

Category:Alveolar consonants

Category:Implosives

Category:Central consonants

Category:Voiced oral consonants

class="wikitable" ! Language !! Word !! IPA !! Meaning !! Notes
Cia-Cia \|adi/아디 \|[aɗi] \|'Adi' \|Adi is a name.
Ega{{Harvcoltxt\|Connell\|Ahoua\|Gibbon\|2002\|p=100}}	colspan=2 align=center\| {{IPA\|[ɗá]}}	'hide'
Fula	{{lang\|ff-Latn\|ɗiɗi}}/{{lang\|ff-Adlm\|𞤯𞤭𞤯𞤭}}/{{lang\|ff-Arab\|طِطِ}}	{{IPA\|[ɗiɗi]}}	'two'
Goemai	{{lang\|ank\|ḍal}}	{{IPA\|[ɗal]}}	'to swallow'
Hausa	{{lang\|ha\|ɗaiɗai}}/{{lang\|ha-Arab\|rtl=yes\|طَـیْـطَـیْ}}	{{IPA\|[ɗei̯ɗei̯]}}	'one at a time'
Jamaican Patois{{Harvcoltxt\|Devonish\|Harry\|2004\|p=456}}	{{lang\|jam\|dem}}	{{IPA\|[ɗem]}}	'them'	Allophone of {{IPA\|/d/}} in the onset of prominent syllables
Kalabari{{Harvcoltxt\|Harry\|2003\|p=113}}	{{lang\|ijn\|ḍa}}	{{IPA\|[ɗà]}}	'father'
Karajá	{{lang\|kpj-Latn\|ti}}	{{IPA\|[ɗi]}}	'bone'
Khmer	{{lang\|km\|ដប់}}/{{Transliteration\|km\|dáb}}	{{IPA\|[ɗɑp]}}	'ten'
Konso{{Cite book \|last=Orkaydo \|first=Ongaye Oda \|title=A Grammar of Konso \|year=2013 \|pages=11}}	{{lang\|kxc\|bad}}	{{IPA\|[ɓaɗ]}}	'to hide'
Kwaza{{Citation \|last=Voort \|first=Hein van der \|title=A Grammar of Kwaza \|date=2008-08-22 \|url=https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/9783110197280/html?lang=en \|access-date=2024-03-13 \|publisher=De Gruyter Mouton \|language=en \|doi=10.1515/9783110197280 \|isbn=978-3-11-019728-0}} \|{{lang\|xwa\|deda}} \|{{IPA\|[ɗe'ɗa]}} \|'snake' \|Analyzed as /d/
Mono{{Harvcoltxt\|Olson\|2004\|p=233}}	{{lang\|mnh\|ku‘da}}	{{IPA\|[kūɗā]}}	'debt'
Ongota	colspan=2 align=center\| {{IPA\|[ɡaːɗa]}}	'dull'
Parkari Koli	{{lang\|kvx-Arab\|rtl=yes\|واۮۯون}}	{{IPA\|[vaːɗaɭuːn]}}	' clouds
Paumarí{{Harvcoltxt\|Everett\|2003\|p=23}}	{{lang\|pad\|'bo{{`}}da}}	{{IPA\|[ɓoɗa]}}	'old' \|
Serer{{Harvcoltxt\|Mc Laughlin\|2005\|p=100}} \| {{lang\|srr\|biɗ}}/{{lang\|srr-Arab\|rtl=yes\|بِـطْ}} \| {{IPA\|[biɗ]}} \| 'flower' \| Contrasts /ɓ̥, ɗ̥, ʄ̊, ɓ, ɗ, ʄ/.
Sindhi	{{lang\|sd-Arab\|rtl=yes\|ڏر}}	{{IPA\|[ɗarʊ]}}	'crevice'
Shona	{{lang\|sn\|kudada}}	{{IPA\|[kuɗaɗa]}}	'prideful and pompous'
Tera{{Harvcoltxt\|Tench\|2007\|p=228}}	{{lang\|ttr\|ɗana}}	{{IPA\|[ɗàna]}}	'to talk'
Tukang Besi	colspan=2 align=center\| {{IPA\|[piɗi]}}	'rubbish'
Vietnamese{{Harvcoltxt\|Thompson\|1959\|pp=458–461}}	{{lang\|vi\|đuôi}}	{{IPA\|[ɗuəj]}}	'tail'	See Vietnamese phonology.
Wadiyara Koli \| colspan=3 align=center \| {{example needed\|date=November 2022}} \| Contrasts {{IPA\|/ɓ ɗ ᶑ ʄ ɠ/}}.
Wambule	{{lang\|wme\|डि॒}}	{{IPA\|[ɗi]}}	'name'
Standard Zhuang \|{{lang\|za\|nda}} \|{{IPA\|[ɗa]}} \|'set' \|

Voiced dental and alveolar implosives

Features

Occurrence

= Alveolar =

= Dental =

See also

Notes

References

External links