Voiceless dental and alveolar plosives

{{Infobox IPA

|above=Voiceless alveolar plosive

|ipa symbol=t

|ipa number=103

|decimal=116

|xsampa=t

|braille=t

|imagefile=IPA Unicode 0x0074.svg

}}

{{infobox IPA

|ipa number=103 408

|ipa symbol=t̪

|decimal1=116

|decimal2=810

|x-sampa=t_d

|braille=t

|braille2=6

|braille3=1456

}}

The voiceless alveolar, dental and postalveolar plosives (or stops) are types of consonantal sounds used in almost all spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents voiceless dental, alveolar, and postalveolar plosives is {{angbr IPA|t}}, and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is t. The voiceless dental plosive can be distinguished with the underbridge diacritic, {{angbr IPA|t̪}} and the postalveolar with a retraction line, {{angbr IPA|t̠}}, and the extIPA has a double underline diacritic which can be used to explicitly specify an alveolar pronunciation, {{angbr IPA|t͇}}.

The {{IPA|[t]}} sound is a very common sound cross-linguistically.{{sfnp|Liberman|Cooper|Shankweiler|Studdert-Kennedy|1967|p=?}} Most languages have at least a plain {{IPA|[t]}}, and some distinguish more than one variety. Some languages without a {{IPA|[t]}} are colloquial Samoan (which also lacks an {{IPA|[n]}}), Abau, and Nǁng of South Africa.{{Citation needed|date=September 2007}}

There are only a few languages which distinguish dental and alveolar stops, Kota, Toda, Venda and many Australian Aboriginal languages being a few of them; certain varieties of Hiberno-English also distinguish them (with [t̪] being the local realisation of the Standard English phoneme /θ/, represented by ⟨th⟩).

Features

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Here are features of the voiceless alveolar stop:

There are three specific variants of {{IPA|[t]}}:
Dental, which means it is articulated with either the tip or the blade of the tongue at the upper teeth, termed respectively apical and laminal.
Denti-alveolar, which means it is articulated with the blade of the tongue at the alveolar ridge, and the tip of the tongue behind upper teeth.
Alveolar, which means it is articulated with either the tip or the blade of the tongue at the alveolar ridge, termed respectively apical and laminal.

Varieties

class="wikitable"
IPA	Description
style="font-size:24px" \| {{IPA\|t}} \| plain t
style="font-size:24px" \| {{IPA\|t̪}} \| dental t
style="font-size:24px" \| {{IPA\|t̠}} \| postalveolar t
style="font-size:24px" \| {{IPA\|tʰ}} \| aspirated t
style="font-size:24px" \| {{IPA\|tʲ}} \| palatalized t
style="font-size:24px" \| {{IPA\|tʷ}} \| labialized t
style="font-size:24px" \| {{IPA\|t̚}} \| t with no audible release
style="font-size:24px" \| {{IPA\|t̬}} \| voiced t
style="font-size:24px" \| {{IPA\|t͈}} \| tense t
style="font-size:24px" \| {{IPA\|tʼ}} \| ejective t
style="font-size:24px" \| tˤ \|pharyngealized t

class="wikitable"

IPA

Description

style="font-size:24px" | {{IPA|t}}

| plain t

style="font-size:24px" | {{IPA|t̪}}

| dental t

style="font-size:24px" | {{IPA|t̠}}

| postalveolar t

style="font-size:24px" | {{IPA|tʰ}}

| aspirated t

style="font-size:24px" | {{IPA|tʲ}}

| palatalized t

style="font-size:24px" | {{IPA|tʷ}}

| labialized t

style="font-size:24px" | {{IPA|t̚}}

| t with no audible release

style="font-size:24px" | {{IPA|t̬}}

| voiced t

style="font-size:24px" | {{IPA|t͈}}

| tense t

style="font-size:24px" | {{IPA|tʼ}}

| ejective t

style="font-size:24px" | tˤ

|pharyngealized t

Occurrence

=Dental or denti-alveolar=

class="wikitable" \|+ Occurrence of {{IPA\|[t̪]}} in various languages ! colspan="2"\|Language !! Word !! IPA!! Meaning !! colspan="3"\| Notes
colspan="2" \| Aleut{{sfnp\|Ladefoged\|2005\|p=165}}	{{lang\|ale-Latn\|tiistax̂}}	{{IPA\|[t̪iːstaχ]}}	'dough'	colspan="3"\| Laminal denti-alveolar.
Armenian	Eastern{{sfnp\|Dum-Tragut\|2009\|p=17}}	{{lang\|hy\|տուն}}	{{Audio-IPA\|tun.ogg \|[t̪un]}}	'house'	colspan="3"\| Laminal denti-alveolar.
colspan="2" \|Assyrian Neo-Aramaic \| {{lang\|syr\|ܬܠܬ̱ܐ}}/{{transliteration\|syr\|ţlo}} \| {{IPA\|[t̪lɑ]}} \| 'three' \|colspan="3"\|
colspan="2" \| Bashkir \| {{lang\|gah-Cyrl\|дүрт/dürt}} \| {{Audio-IPA\|Ba-дүрт.ogg\|[dʏʷrt]}} \| 'four' \|colspan="3"\| Laminal denti-alveolar
colspan="2" \| Belarusian{{sfnp\|Padluzhny\|1989\|p=47}}	{{lang\|be\|стагоддзе}}	{{IPA\|[s̪t̪äˈɣod̪d̪͡z̪ʲe]}}	'century'	colspan="3"\| Laminal denti-alveolar. See Belarusian phonology
colspan="2" \| Basque	{{lang\|bas\|toki}}	{{IPA\|[t̪oki]}}	'place'	colspan="3"\| Laminal denti-alveolar. See Basque phonology
colspan="2" \| Bengali	তুমি	{{IPA\|[t̪umi]}}	'you'	colspan="3"\| Laminal denti-alveolar, contrasts with aspirated form. See Bengali phonology
colspan="2" \| Catalan{{sfnp\|Carbonell\|Llisterri\|1992\|p=53}}	{{lang\|ca\|terra}}	{{IPA\|[ˈt̪ɛrə]}}	'land'	colspan="3"\| Laminal denti-alveolar. See Catalan phonology
colspan="2" \|Chuvash \|ут \|[ut] \|'horse' \|colspan="3"\|
colspan="2" \| Czech	{{lang\|cs\|toto}}	{{IPA\|[ˈt̪ot̪o]}}	'this'	colspan="3"\| Laminal denti-alveolar.{{cite web \|last1=Skarnitzl \|first1=Radek \|title=Asymmetry in the Czech Alveolar Stops: An EPG Study \|url=https://www.academia.edu/10434068 \|access-date=30 March 2022 \|archive-date=22 March 2023 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230322051046/https://www.academia.edu/10434068 \|url-status=live }} See Czech phonology
colspan="2" \| Dinka{{sfnp\|Remijsen\|Manyang\|2009\|pp=115 and 121}}	mɛth	{{IPA\|[mɛ̀t̪]}}	'child'	colspan="3"\| Laminal denti-alveolar, contrasts with alveolar {{IPA\|/t/}}.
Dutch	Belgian	{{lang\|nl\|taal}}	{{IPA\|[t̪aːl̪]}}	'language'	colspan="3"\| Laminal denti-alveolar.
rowspan="4" \| English	Dublin{{sfnp\|Collins\|Mees\|2003\|p=302}}	rowspan="3" \| thin	rowspan="3" \| {{IPA\|[t̪ʰɪn]}}	rowspan="3" \| 'thin'	rowspan="4"\| Laminal denti-alveolar.	In Dublin, it may be {{IPAblink\|t͡θ}} instead.	rowspan="4"\| See English phonology.
Indian	rowspan="2"\| Corresponds to {{IPAblink\|θ}}.{{sfnp\|Collins\|Mees\|2003\|p=302}}
Southern Irish{{sfnp\|Roca\|Johnson\|1999\|p=24}}
Ulster{{cite web\|title=Week 18 (ii). Northern Ireland\|url=http://www.phon.ucl.ac.uk/home/wells/x202-18a-ni.pdf\|access-date=2015-04-26\|archive-date=2021-01-12\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210112070733/https://www.phon.ucl.ac.uk/home/wells/x202-18a-ni.pdf\|url-status=live}}	train	{{IPA\|[t̪ɹeːn]}}	'train'	Allophone of {{IPA\|/t/}} before {{IPA\|/r/}}, in free variation with an alveolar stop.
colspan="2" \| Finnish	{{lang\|fi\|tutti}}	{{IPA\|[ˈt̪ut̪ːi]}}	'pacifier'	colspan="3"\| Laminal denti-alveolar. See Finnish phonology
colspan="2" \| French{{sfnp\|Fougeron\|Smith\|1993\|p=73}}	{{lang\|fr\|tordu}}	{{IPA\|[t̪ɔʁd̪y]}}	'crooked'	colspan="3"\| Laminal denti-alveolar. See French phonology
colspan="2" \|Hakka{{sfnp\|Lee\|Zee\|2009\|p=109}} \|{{lang\|hak\|他}}/{{lang\|hak\|ta3}} \|{{IPA\|[t̪ʰa˧]}} \|'he/she' \| colspan="3" \|Laminal denti-alveolar, contrasts with an unaspirated form.
rowspan="2" \| Hindustani{{sfnp\|Ladefoged\|2005\|p=141}} \| Hindi \| {{lang\|hi\|तीन}}/tīn \| rowspan="2" \| {{IPA\|[t̪iːn]}} \| rowspan="2" \| 'three' \| rowspan="2" \| Laminal denti-alveolar. \| Contrasts with aspirated form <थ>. \| rowspan="2" \| See Hindustani phonology
Urdu \| {{lang\|ur\|{{nq\|تین}}\|rtl=yes}}/tīn \| Contrasts with aspirated form <تھ>.
Hmong \| White Hmong	{{script\|Hmng\|𖬆𖬰𖬧𖬵}} / {{lang\|hmv-Latn\|tub}}	{{IPA\|[tu˦]}}	'son', 'boy' or 'male name'
colspan="2" \| Indonesian{{sfnp\|Soderberg\|Olson\|2008\|p=210}}	{{lang\|id\|tabir}}	{{IPA\|[t̪abir]}}	'curtain'	colspan="3"\| Laminal denti-alveolar.
colspan="2" \| Italian{{sfnp\|Rogers\|d'Arcangeli\|2004\|p=117}}	{{lang\|it\|tale}}	{{IPA\|[ˈt̪ale]}}	'such'	colspan="3"\| Laminal denti-alveolar. See Italian phonology
colspan="2" \| Japanese{{sfnp\|Okada\|1999\|p=117}}	{{lang\|ja-Hani\|特別}}/ {{lang\|ja-Latn\|tokubetsu}}	{{IPA\|[t̪o̞kɯ̟ᵝbe̞t͡sɨᵝ]}}	'special'	colspan="3"\|Laminal denti-alveolar. See Japanese phonology
colspan="2" \| Kashubian{{cite web\|title=Fonetyka i fonologia\|author=Jerzy Treder\|url=http://www.rastko.net/rastko-ka/index2.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=227&pop=1&page=0&Itemid=26\|url-status=dead\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304000614/http://www.rastko.net/rastko-ka/index2.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=227&pop=1&page=0&Itemid=26\|archive-date=2016-03-04}}	ptôch \|{{IPA\|[ptɞx]}} \|'bird'	colspan="3" \|Laminal denti-alveolar.
colspan="2" \| Kazakh	{{lang\|kk\|тұз}}	{{IPA\|[t̪us̪]}}	'salt'	colspan="3"\| Laminal denti-alveolar.
colspan="2" \| Kyrgyz{{sfnp\|Kara\|2003\|p=11}}	{{lang\|ky\|туз}}	{{IPA\|[t̪us̪]}}	'salt'	colspan="3"\| Laminal denti-alveolar.
colspan="2" \| Latvian{{sfnp\|Nau\|1998\|p=6}}	{{lang\|lv\|tabula}}	{{IPA\|[ˈt̪äbulä]}}	'table'	colspan="3"\| Laminal denti-alveolar. See Latvian phonology
colspan="2" \| Malayalam	{{lang\|ml\|കാത്ത്}}	{{IPA\|[kaːt̪ːɨ̆]}}	'waiting'	colspan="3"\| Contrasts /t̪ t ʈ d̪ ɖ/.
colspan="2" \| Mapudungun{{sfnp\|Sadowsky\|Painequeo\|Salamanca\|Avelino\|2013\|pp=88–89}}	{{lang\|arn\|füṯa}}	{{IPA\|[ˈfɘt̪ɜ]}}	'husband'	colspan="3"\| Interdental.{{sfnp\|Sadowsky\|Painequeo\|Salamanca\|Avelino\|2013\|pp=88–89}}
colspan="2" \| Marathi	{{lang\|mr\|तबला}}	{{IPA\|[t̪əbˈlaː]}}	'tabla'	colspan="3"\|Laminal denti-alveolar, contrasts with aspirated form. See Marathi phonology
colspan="2" \| Nepali	{{lang\|Ne\|ताली}}	{{IPA\|[t̪äli]}}	'clappinɡ'	colspan="3"\|Contrasts with aspirated form. See Nepali phonology
colspan="2" \| Nunggubuyu{{sfnp\|Ladefoged\|2005\|p=158}}	darag	{{IPA\|[t̪aɾaɡ]}}	'whiskers'	colspan="3"\| Laminal denti-alveolar.
colspan="2" \| Odia	ତାରା/tara	{{IPA\|[t̪ärä]}}	'star'	colspan="3"\|Laminal denti-alveolar, contrasts with aspirated form.
colspan="2" \| Pazeh{{sfnp\|Blust\|1999\|p=330}}	colspan="2" align="center" \| {{IPA\|[mut̪apɛt̪aˈpɛh]}}	'keep clapping'	colspan="3"\|Dental.
colspan="2" \| Polish{{sfnp\|Jassem\|2003\|p=103}}	{{lang\|pl\|tom}}	{{Audio-IPA\|Pl-tom.ogg\|[t̪ɔm]}}	'volume'	colspan="3"\| Laminal denti-alveolar. See Polish phonology
Portuguese{{sfnp\|Cruz-Ferreira\|1995\|p=91}}	Many dialects	{{lang\|pt\|montanha}}	{{IPA\|[mõˈt̪ɐɲɐ]}}	'mountain'	colspan="3"\| Laminal denti-alveolar. Likely to have allophones among native speakers, as it may affricate to {{IPAblink\|tʃ}}, {{IPAblink\|tɕ}} and/or {{IPAblink\|ts}} in certain environments. See Portuguese phonology
colspan="2" \|Punjabi	ਤੇਲ/{{lang\|ur\|{{nq\|تیل}}\|rtl=yes}}	{{IPA\|[t̪eːl]}}	'oil'	colspan="3"\|Laminal denti-alveolar.
colspan="2" \| Russian{{sfnp\|Jones\|Ward\|1969\|p=99}}	{{lang\|ru\|толстый}}	{{IPA\|[ˈt̪ʷo̞ɫ̪s̪t̪ɨ̞j]}}	'fat'	colspan="3"\|Laminal denti-alveolar. See Russian phonology
colspan="2" \| Scottish GaelicBauer, Michael. Blas na Gàidhlig: The Practical Guide to Gaelic Pronunciation. Glasgow: Akerbeltz, 2011.	{{lang\|gd\|taigh}}	{{IPA\|[t̪ʰɤj]}}	'house'	colspan="3"\| Apical dental. Contrasts between aspirated and unaspirated forms.
colspan="2" \| Serbo-Croatian{{sfnp\|Landau\|Lončarića\|Horga\|Škarić\|1999\|p=66}}	{{lang\|sh-Cyrl\|туга}}/{{lang\|sh-Latn\|tuga}}	{{IPA\|[t̪ǔːgä]}}	'sorrow'	colspan="3"\| Laminal denti-alveolar. See Serbo-Croatian phonology
colspan="2" \|Sinhala \|{{Lang\|si\|අත}} \|{{IPA\|[at̪ə]}} \|'hand' \| \| \|
colspan="2" \| Slovene{{sfnp\|Pretnar\|Tokarz\|1980\|p=21}}	{{lang\|sl\|tip}}	{{IPA\|[ˈt̪îːp]}}	'type'	colspan="3"\| Laminal denti-alveolar. See Slovene phonology
colspan="2" \|Slovak \|toto \|{{IPA\|[ˈt̪ot̪o]}} \|'this' \| colspan="3" \|Laminal denti-alveolar. See Slovak phonology
colspan="2" \| Somali	matag	[mat̪ag]	'vomit'	colspan="3" \|Dentalization of alveolar plosive.
colspan="2" \| Spanish{{sfnp\|Martínez-Celdrán\|Fernández-Planas\|Carrera-Sabaté\|2003\|p=255}}	{{lang\|es\|tango}}	{{IPA\|[ˈt̪ãŋɡo̞]}}	'tango'	colspan="3"\| Laminal denti-alveolar. See Spanish phonology
colspan="2" \| Swedish{{sfnp\|Engstrand\|1999\|p=141}}	{{lang\|sv\|tåg}}	{{IPA\|[ˈt̪ʰoːɡ]}}	'train'	colspan="3"\| Laminal denti-alveolar. See Swedish phonology
colspan="2" \| Telugu	{{lang\|te\|తప్పు}}	{{IPA\|[t̪apːu]}}	'wrong'	colspan="3"\| Contrasts between aspirated and unaspirated forms.
colspan="2" \| Turkish	{{lang\|tr\|at}}	{{IPA\|[ät̪]}}	'horse'	colspan="3"\|Laminal denti-alveolar. See Turkish phonology
colspan="2" \| Ukrainian{{cite journal\|author1=S. Buk \|author2=J. Mačutek \|author3=A. Rovenchak \|year=2008\|title=Some properties of the Ukrainian writing system\|journal=Glottometrics \|volume=16 \|pages=63–79 \|arxiv=0802.4198}}{{sfnp\|Danyenko\|Vakulenko\|1995\|p=4}}	{{lang\|uk\|брат}}	{{IPA\|[brɑt̪]}}	'brother'	colspan="3"\| Laminal denti-alveolar. See Ukrainian phonology
colspan="2" \| Uzbek{{sfnp\|Sjoberg\|1963\|p=10}}	{{example needed\|date=November 2013}}	–		colspan="3"\| Laminal denti-alveolar. Slightly aspirated before vowels.{{sfnp\|Sjoberg\|1963\|p=10}}
colspan="2" \| Vietnamese{{sfnp\|Thompson\|1959\|pp=458–461}}	{{lang\|vi\|tuần}}	{{IPA\|[t̪wən˨˩]}}	'week'	colspan="3"\|Laminal denti-alveolar, contrasts with aspirated form. See Vietnamese phonology
Zapotec	Tilquiapan{{sfnp\|Merrill\|2008\|p=108}}	tant	{{IPA\|[t̪ant̪]}}	'so much'	colspan="3"\|Laminal denti-alveolar.

=Alveolar=

class="wikitable" \|+ Occurrence of {{IPA\|[t]}} in various languages ! colspan="2"\|Language !! Word !! IPA!! Meaning !! Notes
colspan="2" \| Abkhaz	иҭабуп	{{Audio-IPA\|Abk-иҭабуп.ogg\|[jtʰabwpʼ]}}	'thank you'	See Abkhaz phonology
colspan="2" \| Adyghe	{{lang\|kbd-Cyrl\|тфы}}	{{Audio-IPA\|Tfa.ogg\|[tfə]}}	'five'
Arabic	Egyptian	{{lang\|arz\|توكة\|rtl=yes}}/{{transliteration\|arz\|tōka}}	{{IPA\|[ˈtoːkæ]}}	'barrette'	See Egyptian Arabic phonology
colspan="2" \| Assyrian	{{lang\|syr\|ܒܝܬܐ}}/{{transliteration\|syr\|bèta}}	{{IPA\|[beːta]}}	'house'	Most speakers. In the Tyari, Barwari and Southern dialects θ is used.
colspan="2" rowspan="2" \|Cantonese \|跌/dit \|[ti:t̚˧] \|'fall' (v.) \| rowspan="2" \|See Cantonese Phonology
鐵/鉄/tit \|[tʰi:t̚˧] \|'iron'
colspan="2" \| Chechen	{{lang\|ce-Cyrl\|тарсал}}/{{lang\|ce-Latn\|tarsal}}	{{IPA\|[tɑːrsəl]}}	'squirrel'
Danish	Standard{{sfnp\|Basbøll\|2005\|p=61}}	{{lang\|da\|dåse}}	{{IPA\|[ˈtɔ̽ːsə]}}	'can' (n.)	Usually transcribed in IPA with {{angbr IPA\|d̥}} or {{angbr IPA\|d}}. Contrasts with the affricate {{IPAblink\|t͡s}} or aspirated stop {{IPA\|[tʰ]}} (depending on the dialect), which are usually transcribed in IPA with {{angbr IPA\|tˢ}} or {{angbr IPA\|t}}.{{sfnp\|Grønnum\|2005\|p=120}} See Danish phonology
colspan="2" \| Dutch{{sfnp\|Gussenhoven\|1992\|p=45}}	{{lang\|nl\|taal}}	{{IPA\|[taːɫ]}}	'language'	See Dutch phonology
rowspan="2" \| English	Most speakers	rowspan="2" \| tick	rowspan="2" \| {{Audio-IPA\|tick-pronunciation-audio.ogg\|[tʰɪk]\|help=no}}	rowspan="2" \| 'tick'	See English phonology
New York{{sfnp\|Wells\|1982\|p=515}}	Varies between apical and laminal, with the latter being predominant.{{sfnp\|Wells\|1982\|p=515}}
colspan="2" \| Hebrew	{{lang\|he\|תמונה\|rtl=yes}}	{{IPA\|[tmuˈna]}}	'image'	see Modern Hebrew phonology
colspan="2" \| Hungarian{{sfnp\|Szende\|1994\|p=91}}	{{lang\|hu\|tutaj}}	{{IPA\|[ˈtutɒj]}}	'raft'	See Hungarian phonology
colspan="2" \| Kabardian	{{lang\|kbd-Cyrl\|тхуы}}	{{Audio-IPA\|Kbd-txho.oga\|[txʷə]}}	'five'
colspan="2" \| Khmer	{{lang\|km\|តែ}}/{{transliteration\|km\|tê}}	{{IPA\|[tae]}}	'tea'	See Khmer phonology
colspan="2" \| Korean	{{lang\|ko-Hang\|대숲}}/{{lang\|ko-Latn\|daesup}}	{{IPA\|[tɛsup̚]}}	'bamboo forest'	See Korean phonology
rowspan="3" \|Kurdish \|Northern \|{{lang\|ku\|tu}} \|{{IPA\|[tʰʊ]}} \|'you' \| rowspan="3" \|See Kurdish phonology
Central \|{{lang\|ku\|تەوێڵ}} \|{{IPA\|[tʰəweːɫ]}} \| rowspan="2" \|'forehead'
Southern \|{{lang\|ku\|تێوڵ}} \|{{IPA\|[tʰeːwɨɫ]}}
colspan="2" \| Luxembourgish{{sfnp\|Gilles\|Trouvain\|2013\|pp=67–68}}	{{lang\|lb\|dënn}}	{{IPA\|[tən]}}	'thin'	Less often voiced {{IPAblink\|d}}. It is usually transcribed {{IPA\|/d/}}, and it contrasts with voiceless aspirated form, which is usually transcribed {{IPA\|/t/}}.{{sfnp\|Gilles\|Trouvain\|2013\|pp=67–68}} See Luxembourgish phonology
colspan="2" \| Malayalam	{{lang\|ml\|കാറ്റ്}}	{{IPA\|[kaːtːɨ̆]}}	'wind'	colspan="3"\| Contrasts /t̪ t ʈ d̪ ɖ/.
colspan="2" \| Maltese	{{lang\|no\|tassew}}	{{IPA\|[tasˈsew]}}	'true'
colspan="2" rowspan="2" \|Mandarin \|地/dì \|[ti˥˩] \|'ground' \| rowspan="2" \|See Mandarin Phonology
梯/tī \|[tʰi˥˥] \|'ladder/stairs'
colspan="2" \| Mapudungun{{sfnp\|Sadowsky\|Painequeo\|Salamanca\|Avelino\|2013\|pp=88–89}}	{{lang\|arn\|füta}}	{{IPA\|[ˈfɘtɜ]}}	'elderly'
colspan="2" \| Nunggubuyu{{sfnp\|Ladefoged\|2005\|p=158}}	darawa	{{IPA\|[taɾawa]}}	'greedy'
colspan=2\| Nuosu{{Which\|date=April 2015}}	{{lang\|ii\|ꄉ}}/{{lang\|ii-Latn\|da}}	{{IPA\|[ta˧]}}	'place'	Contrasts aspirated and unaspirated forms
Portuguese[http://www.periodicos.letras.ufmg.br/index.php/relin/article/viewFile/2744/2699 Palatalization in Brazilian Portuguese revisited] {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140407132811/http://www.periodicos.letras.ufmg.br/index.php/relin/article/viewFile/2744/2699 \|date=2014-04-07 }} {{in lang\|pt}}	Some dialects	{{lang\|pt\|troço}}	{{IPA\|[ˈtɾɔsu]}}	'thing' (pejorative)	Allophone before alveolar {{IPAslink\|ɾ}}. In other dialects {{IPA\|/ɾ/}} takes a denti-alveolar allophone instead. See Portuguese phonology
colspan="2" \| Tagalog	{{lang\|tl\|matamis}}	{{IPA\|[mɐtɐˈmis]}}	'sweet'	colspan="3" \| See Tagalog phonology
colspan="2" \| Thai	{{lang\|th\|ตา}}/ta	{{IPA\|[taː˧]}}	'eye'	Contrasts with an aspirated form.
colspan="2" \| West Frisian	{{lang\|fy\|tosk}}	{{IPA\|[ˈtosk]}}	'tooth'	See West Frisian phonology

=Postalveolar=

class="wikitable"

|+ Occurrence of {{IPA|[t̠]}}

! |Language !! Word !! IPA!! Meaning !! Notes

Yele

'tongue'

Contrasts /t̪ t̪͡p t̪ʲ t̠ t̠͡p t̠ʲ/.

=Variable=

class="wikitable" \|+ Occurrence of a voiceless plosive variable between alveolar and dental positions ! colspan="2"\|Language !! Word !! IPA!! Meaning !! Notes
Arabic	Modern Standard	{{lang\|ar\|{{Script\|Arab\|تين}}\|rtl=yes}}/{{transliteration\|ar\|tīn}}	{{IPA\|[tiːn]}}	'fig'	Laminal denti-alveolar or alveolar, depending on the speaker's native dialect. See Arabic phonology
rowspan="3" \| English	Broad South African{{sfnp\|Lass\|2002\|p=120}}	rowspan="3" \| talk	{{IPA\|[toːk]}}	rowspan="3" \| 'talk'	rowspan="3" \| Laminal denti-alveolar for some speakers, alveolar for other speakers.{{sfnp\|Lass\|2002\|p=120}}{{sfnp\|Scobbie\|Gordeeva\|Matthews\|2006\|p=4}}{{sfnp\|Wells\|1982\|p=388}}
Scottish{{sfnp\|Scobbie\|Gordeeva\|Matthews\|2006\|p=4}}	{{IPA\|[tʰɔk]}}
Welsh{{sfnp\|Wells\|1982\|p=388}}	{{IPA\|[tʰɒːk]}}
German	Standard{{sfnp\|Mangold\|2005\|p=47}}	{{lang\|de\|Tochter}}	{{IPA\|[ˈtɔxtɐ]}}	'daughter'	Varies between laminal denti-alveolar, laminal alveolar and apical alveolar.{{sfnp\|Mangold\|2005\|p=47}} See Standard German phonology
colspan="2" \| Greek{{sfnp\|Arvaniti\|2007\|p=10}}	{{lang\|el\|τρία tria}}	{{IPA\|[ˈtɾiä]}}	'three'	Varies between dental, laminal denti-alveolar and alveolar, depending on the environment.{{sfnp\|Arvaniti\|2007\|p=10}} See Modern Greek phonology
colspan="2" \|Malay \|تڠکڤ/tangkap \|{{IPA\|[t̪äŋ.käp̚]}} \|'catch' \|More commonly dental. Often unreleased in syllable codas. See Malay phonology
Norwegian	Urban East{{sfnp\|Kristoffersen\|2000\|p=22}}	{{lang\|no\|dans}}	{{IPA\|[t̻ɑns]}}	'dance'	Varies between laminal denti-alveolar and laminal alveolar. It is usually transcribed {{IPA\|/d/}}. It may be partially voiced {{IPAblink\|d\|d̥}}, and it contrasts with voiceless aspirated form, which is usually transcribed {{IPA\|/t/}}.{{sfnp\|Kristoffersen\|2000\|p=22}} See Norwegian phonology
colspan="2" \| Persian{{Harvcoltxt\|Mahootian\|2002\|pp=287–289}}	{{lang\|fa\|{{nq\|توت}}\|rtl=yes}}	{{IPA\|[t̪ʰuːt̪ʰ]}}	'berry'	Varies between laminal denti-alveolar and apical alveolar. See Persian phonology
colspan="2" \| Slovak{{sfnp\|Kráľ\|1988\|p=72}}{{sfnp\|Pavlík\|2004\|pp=98–99}}	{{lang\|sk\|to}}	{{IPA\|[t̻ɔ̝]}}	'that'	Varies between laminal denti-alveolar and laminal alveolar.{{sfnp\|Kráľ\|1988\|p=72}}{{sfnp\|Pavlík\|2004\|pp=98–99}} See Slovak phonology

Notes

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{{Accents of English|hide1=y}}

External links

{{phoible|t}}

Category:Alveolar consonants

Category:Pulmonic consonants

Category:Voiceless oral consonants

Category:Central consonants

class="wikitable" \|+ Occurrence of {{IPA\|[t̪]}} in various languages ! colspan="2"\|Language !! Word !! IPA!! Meaning !! colspan="3"\| Notes
colspan="2" \| Aleut{{sfnp\|Ladefoged\|2005\|p=165}}	{{lang\|ale-Latn\|tiistax̂}}	{{IPA\|[t̪iːstaχ]}}	'dough'	colspan="3"\| Laminal denti-alveolar.
Armenian	Eastern{{sfnp\|Dum-Tragut\|2009\|p=17}}	{{lang\|hy\|տուն}}	{{Audio-IPA\|tun.ogg \|[t̪un]}}	'house'	colspan="3"\| Laminal denti-alveolar.
colspan="2" \|Assyrian Neo-Aramaic \| {{lang\|syr\|ܬܠܬ̱ܐ}}/{{transliteration\|syr\|ţlo}} \| {{IPA\|[t̪lɑ]}} \| 'three' \|colspan="3"\|
colspan="2" \| Bashkir \| {{lang\|gah-Cyrl\|дүрт/dürt}} \| {{Audio-IPA\|Ba-дүрт.ogg\|[dʏʷrt]}} \| 'four' \|colspan="3"\| Laminal denti-alveolar
colspan="2" \| Belarusian{{sfnp\|Padluzhny\|1989\|p=47}}	{{lang\|be\|стагоддзе}}	{{IPA\|[s̪t̪äˈɣod̪d̪͡z̪ʲe]}}	'century'	colspan="3"\| Laminal denti-alveolar. See Belarusian phonology
colspan="2" \| Basque	{{lang\|bas\|toki}}	{{IPA\|[t̪oki]}}	'place'	colspan="3"\| Laminal denti-alveolar. See Basque phonology
colspan="2" \| Bengali	তুমি	{{IPA\|[t̪umi]}}	'you'	colspan="3"\| Laminal denti-alveolar, contrasts with aspirated form. See Bengali phonology
colspan="2" \| Catalan{{sfnp\|Carbonell\|Llisterri\|1992\|p=53}}	{{lang\|ca\|terra}}	{{IPA\|[ˈt̪ɛrə]}}	'land'	colspan="3"\| Laminal denti-alveolar. See Catalan phonology
colspan="2" \|Chuvash \|ут \|[ut] \|'horse' \|colspan="3"\|
colspan="2" \| Czech	{{lang\|cs\|toto}}	{{IPA\|[ˈt̪ot̪o]}}	'this'	colspan="3"\| Laminal denti-alveolar.{{cite web \|last1=Skarnitzl \|first1=Radek \|title=Asymmetry in the Czech Alveolar Stops: An EPG Study \|url=https://www.academia.edu/10434068 \|access-date=30 March 2022 \|archive-date=22 March 2023 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230322051046/https://www.academia.edu/10434068 \|url-status=live }} See Czech phonology
colspan="2" \| Dinka{{sfnp\|Remijsen\|Manyang\|2009\|pp=115 and 121}}	mɛth	{{IPA\|[mɛ̀t̪]}}	'child'	colspan="3"\| Laminal denti-alveolar, contrasts with alveolar {{IPA\|/t/}}.
Dutch	Belgian	{{lang\|nl\|taal}}	{{IPA\|[t̪aːl̪]}}	'language'	colspan="3"\| Laminal denti-alveolar.
rowspan="4" \| English	Dublin{{sfnp\|Collins\|Mees\|2003\|p=302}}	rowspan="3" \| thin	rowspan="3" \| {{IPA\|[t̪ʰɪn]}}	rowspan="3" \| 'thin'	rowspan="4"\| Laminal denti-alveolar.	In Dublin, it may be {{IPAblink\|t͡θ}} instead.	rowspan="4"\| See English phonology.
Indian	rowspan="2"\| Corresponds to {{IPAblink\|θ}}.{{sfnp\|Collins\|Mees\|2003\|p=302}}
Southern Irish{{sfnp\|Roca\|Johnson\|1999\|p=24}}
Ulster{{cite web\|title=Week 18 (ii). Northern Ireland\|url=http://www.phon.ucl.ac.uk/home/wells/x202-18a-ni.pdf\|access-date=2015-04-26\|archive-date=2021-01-12\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210112070733/https://www.phon.ucl.ac.uk/home/wells/x202-18a-ni.pdf\|url-status=live}}	train	{{IPA\|[t̪ɹeːn]}}	'train'	Allophone of {{IPA\|/t/}} before {{IPA\|/r/}}, in free variation with an alveolar stop.
colspan="2" \| Finnish	{{lang\|fi\|tutti}}	{{IPA\|[ˈt̪ut̪ːi]}}	'pacifier'	colspan="3"\| Laminal denti-alveolar. See Finnish phonology
colspan="2" \| French{{sfnp\|Fougeron\|Smith\|1993\|p=73}}	{{lang\|fr\|tordu}}	{{IPA\|[t̪ɔʁd̪y]}}	'crooked'	colspan="3"\| Laminal denti-alveolar. See French phonology
colspan="2" \|Hakka{{sfnp\|Lee\|Zee\|2009\|p=109}} \|{{lang\|hak\|他}}/{{lang\|hak\|ta3}} \|{{IPA\|[t̪ʰa˧]}} \|'he/she' \| colspan="3" \|Laminal denti-alveolar, contrasts with an unaspirated form.
rowspan="2" \| Hindustani{{sfnp\|Ladefoged\|2005\|p=141}} \| Hindi \| {{lang\|hi\|तीन}}/tīn \| rowspan="2" \| {{IPA\|[t̪iːn]}} \| rowspan="2" \| 'three' \| rowspan="2" \| Laminal denti-alveolar. \| Contrasts with aspirated form <थ>. \| rowspan="2" \| See Hindustani phonology
Urdu \| {{lang\|ur\|{{nq\|تین}}\|rtl=yes}}/tīn \| Contrasts with aspirated form <تھ>.
Hmong \| White Hmong	{{script\|Hmng\|𖬆𖬰𖬧𖬵}} / {{lang\|hmv-Latn\|tub}}	{{IPA\|[tu˦]}}	'son', 'boy' or 'male name'
colspan="2" \| Indonesian{{sfnp\|Soderberg\|Olson\|2008\|p=210}}	{{lang\|id\|tabir}}	{{IPA\|[t̪abir]}}	'curtain'	colspan="3"\| Laminal denti-alveolar.
colspan="2" \| Italian{{sfnp\|Rogers\|d'Arcangeli\|2004\|p=117}}	{{lang\|it\|tale}}	{{IPA\|[ˈt̪ale]}}	'such'	colspan="3"\| Laminal denti-alveolar. See Italian phonology
colspan="2" \| Japanese{{sfnp\|Okada\|1999\|p=117}}	{{lang\|ja-Hani\|特別}}/ {{lang\|ja-Latn\|tokubetsu}}	{{IPA\|[t̪o̞kɯ̟ᵝbe̞t͡sɨᵝ]}}	'special'	colspan="3"\|Laminal denti-alveolar. See Japanese phonology
colspan="2" \| Kashubian{{cite web\|title=Fonetyka i fonologia\|author=Jerzy Treder\|url=http://www.rastko.net/rastko-ka/index2.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=227&pop=1&page=0&Itemid=26\|url-status=dead\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304000614/http://www.rastko.net/rastko-ka/index2.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=227&pop=1&page=0&Itemid=26\|archive-date=2016-03-04}}	ptôch \|{{IPA\|[ptɞx]}} \|'bird'	colspan="3" \|Laminal denti-alveolar.
colspan="2" \| Kazakh	{{lang\|kk\|тұз}}	{{IPA\|[t̪us̪]}}	'salt'	colspan="3"\| Laminal denti-alveolar.
colspan="2" \| Kyrgyz{{sfnp\|Kara\|2003\|p=11}}	{{lang\|ky\|туз}}	{{IPA\|[t̪us̪]}}	'salt'	colspan="3"\| Laminal denti-alveolar.
colspan="2" \| Latvian{{sfnp\|Nau\|1998\|p=6}}	{{lang\|lv\|tabula}}	{{IPA\|[ˈt̪äbulä]}}	'table'	colspan="3"\| Laminal denti-alveolar. See Latvian phonology
colspan="2" \| Malayalam	{{lang\|ml\|കാത്ത്}}	{{IPA\|[kaːt̪ːɨ̆]}}	'waiting'	colspan="3"\| Contrasts /t̪ t ʈ d̪ ɖ/.
colspan="2" \| Mapudungun{{sfnp\|Sadowsky\|Painequeo\|Salamanca\|Avelino\|2013\|pp=88–89}}	{{lang\|arn\|füṯa}}	{{IPA\|[ˈfɘt̪ɜ]}}	'husband'	colspan="3"\| Interdental.{{sfnp\|Sadowsky\|Painequeo\|Salamanca\|Avelino\|2013\|pp=88–89}}
colspan="2" \| Marathi	{{lang\|mr\|तबला}}	{{IPA\|[t̪əbˈlaː]}}	'tabla'	colspan="3"\|Laminal denti-alveolar, contrasts with aspirated form. See Marathi phonology
colspan="2" \| Nepali	{{lang\|Ne\|ताली}}	{{IPA\|[t̪äli]}}	'clappinɡ'	colspan="3"\|Contrasts with aspirated form. See Nepali phonology
colspan="2" \| Nunggubuyu{{sfnp\|Ladefoged\|2005\|p=158}}	darag	{{IPA\|[t̪aɾaɡ]}}	'whiskers'	colspan="3"\| Laminal denti-alveolar.
colspan="2" \| Odia	ତାରା/tara	{{IPA\|[t̪ärä]}}	'star'	colspan="3"\|Laminal denti-alveolar, contrasts with aspirated form.
colspan="2" \| Pazeh{{sfnp\|Blust\|1999\|p=330}}	colspan="2" align="center" \| {{IPA\|[mut̪apɛt̪aˈpɛh]}}	'keep clapping'	colspan="3"\|Dental.
colspan="2" \| Polish{{sfnp\|Jassem\|2003\|p=103}}	{{lang\|pl\|tom}}	{{Audio-IPA\|Pl-tom.ogg\|[t̪ɔm]}}	'volume'	colspan="3"\| Laminal denti-alveolar. See Polish phonology
Portuguese{{sfnp\|Cruz-Ferreira\|1995\|p=91}}	Many dialects	{{lang\|pt\|montanha}}	{{IPA\|[mõˈt̪ɐɲɐ]}}	'mountain'	colspan="3"\| Laminal denti-alveolar. Likely to have allophones among native speakers, as it may affricate to {{IPAblink\|tʃ}}, {{IPAblink\|tɕ}} and/or {{IPAblink\|ts}} in certain environments. See Portuguese phonology
colspan="2" \|Punjabi	ਤੇਲ/{{lang\|ur\|{{nq\|تیل}}\|rtl=yes}}	{{IPA\|[t̪eːl]}}	'oil'	colspan="3"\|Laminal denti-alveolar.
colspan="2" \| Russian{{sfnp\|Jones\|Ward\|1969\|p=99}}	{{lang\|ru\|толстый}}	{{IPA\|[ˈt̪ʷo̞ɫ̪s̪t̪ɨ̞j]}}	'fat'	colspan="3"\|Laminal denti-alveolar. See Russian phonology
colspan="2" \| Scottish GaelicBauer, Michael. Blas na Gàidhlig: The Practical Guide to Gaelic Pronunciation. Glasgow: Akerbeltz, 2011.	{{lang\|gd\|taigh}}	{{IPA\|[t̪ʰɤj]}}	'house'	colspan="3"\| Apical dental. Contrasts between aspirated and unaspirated forms.
colspan="2" \| Serbo-Croatian{{sfnp\|Landau\|Lončarića\|Horga\|Škarić\|1999\|p=66}}	{{lang\|sh-Cyrl\|туга}}/{{lang\|sh-Latn\|tuga}}	{{IPA\|[t̪ǔːgä]}}	'sorrow'	colspan="3"\| Laminal denti-alveolar. See Serbo-Croatian phonology
colspan="2" \|Sinhala \|{{Lang\|si\|අත}} \|{{IPA\|[at̪ə]}} \|'hand' \| \| \|
colspan="2" \| Slovene{{sfnp\|Pretnar\|Tokarz\|1980\|p=21}}	{{lang\|sl\|tip}}	{{IPA\|[ˈt̪îːp]}}	'type'	colspan="3"\| Laminal denti-alveolar. See Slovene phonology
colspan="2" \|Slovak \|toto \|{{IPA\|[ˈt̪ot̪o]}} \|'this' \| colspan="3" \|Laminal denti-alveolar. See Slovak phonology
colspan="2" \| Somali	matag	[mat̪ag]	'vomit'	colspan="3" \|Dentalization of alveolar plosive.
colspan="2" \| Spanish{{sfnp\|Martínez-Celdrán\|Fernández-Planas\|Carrera-Sabaté\|2003\|p=255}}	{{lang\|es\|tango}}	{{IPA\|[ˈt̪ãŋɡo̞]}}	'tango'	colspan="3"\| Laminal denti-alveolar. See Spanish phonology
colspan="2" \| Swedish{{sfnp\|Engstrand\|1999\|p=141}}	{{lang\|sv\|tåg}}	{{IPA\|[ˈt̪ʰoːɡ]}}	'train'	colspan="3"\| Laminal denti-alveolar. See Swedish phonology
colspan="2" \| Telugu	{{lang\|te\|తప్పు}}	{{IPA\|[t̪apːu]}}	'wrong'	colspan="3"\| Contrasts between aspirated and unaspirated forms.
colspan="2" \| Turkish	{{lang\|tr\|at}}	{{IPA\|[ät̪]}}	'horse'	colspan="3"\|Laminal denti-alveolar. See Turkish phonology
colspan="2" \| Ukrainian{{cite journal\|author1=S. Buk \|author2=J. Mačutek \|author3=A. Rovenchak \|year=2008\|title=Some properties of the Ukrainian writing system\|journal=Glottometrics \|volume=16 \|pages=63–79 \|arxiv=0802.4198}}{{sfnp\|Danyenko\|Vakulenko\|1995\|p=4}}	{{lang\|uk\|брат}}	{{IPA\|[brɑt̪]}}	'brother'	colspan="3"\| Laminal denti-alveolar. See Ukrainian phonology
colspan="2" \| Uzbek{{sfnp\|Sjoberg\|1963\|p=10}}	{{example needed\|date=November 2013}}	–		colspan="3"\| Laminal denti-alveolar. Slightly aspirated before vowels.{{sfnp\|Sjoberg\|1963\|p=10}}
colspan="2" \| Vietnamese{{sfnp\|Thompson\|1959\|pp=458–461}}	{{lang\|vi\|tuần}}	{{IPA\|[t̪wən˨˩]}}	'week'	colspan="3"\|Laminal denti-alveolar, contrasts with aspirated form. See Vietnamese phonology
Zapotec	Tilquiapan{{sfnp\|Merrill\|2008\|p=108}}	tant	{{IPA\|[t̪ant̪]}}	'so much'	colspan="3"\|Laminal denti-alveolar.

class="wikitable" \|+ Occurrence of {{IPA\|[t]}} in various languages ! colspan="2"\|Language !! Word !! IPA!! Meaning !! Notes
colspan="2" \| Abkhaz	иҭабуп	{{Audio-IPA\|Abk-иҭабуп.ogg\|[jtʰabwpʼ]}}	'thank you'	See Abkhaz phonology
colspan="2" \| Adyghe	{{lang\|kbd-Cyrl\|тфы}}	{{Audio-IPA\|Tfa.ogg\|[tfə]}}	'five'
Arabic	Egyptian	{{lang\|arz\|توكة\|rtl=yes}}/{{transliteration\|arz\|tōka}}	{{IPA\|[ˈtoːkæ]}}	'barrette'	See Egyptian Arabic phonology
colspan="2" \| Assyrian	{{lang\|syr\|ܒܝܬܐ}}/{{transliteration\|syr\|bèta}}	{{IPA\|[beːta]}}	'house'	Most speakers. In the Tyari, Barwari and Southern dialects θ is used.
colspan="2" rowspan="2" \|Cantonese \|跌/dit \|[ti:t̚˧] \|'fall' (v.) \| rowspan="2" \|See Cantonese Phonology
鐵/鉄/tit \|[tʰi:t̚˧] \|'iron'
colspan="2" \| Chechen	{{lang\|ce-Cyrl\|тарсал}}/{{lang\|ce-Latn\|tarsal}}	{{IPA\|[tɑːrsəl]}}	'squirrel'
Danish	Standard{{sfnp\|Basbøll\|2005\|p=61}}	{{lang\|da\|dåse}}	{{IPA\|[ˈtɔ̽ːsə]}}	'can' (n.)	Usually transcribed in IPA with {{angbr IPA\|d̥}} or {{angbr IPA\|d}}. Contrasts with the affricate {{IPAblink\|t͡s}} or aspirated stop {{IPA\|[tʰ]}} (depending on the dialect), which are usually transcribed in IPA with {{angbr IPA\|tˢ}} or {{angbr IPA\|t}}.{{sfnp\|Grønnum\|2005\|p=120}} See Danish phonology
colspan="2" \| Dutch{{sfnp\|Gussenhoven\|1992\|p=45}}	{{lang\|nl\|taal}}	{{IPA\|[taːɫ]}}	'language'	See Dutch phonology
rowspan="2" \| English	Most speakers	rowspan="2" \| tick	rowspan="2" \| {{Audio-IPA\|tick-pronunciation-audio.ogg\|[tʰɪk]\|help=no}}	rowspan="2" \| 'tick'	See English phonology
New York{{sfnp\|Wells\|1982\|p=515}}	Varies between apical and laminal, with the latter being predominant.{{sfnp\|Wells\|1982\|p=515}}
colspan="2" \| Hebrew	{{lang\|he\|תמונה\|rtl=yes}}	{{IPA\|[tmuˈna]}}	'image'	see Modern Hebrew phonology
colspan="2" \| Hungarian{{sfnp\|Szende\|1994\|p=91}}	{{lang\|hu\|tutaj}}	{{IPA\|[ˈtutɒj]}}	'raft'	See Hungarian phonology
colspan="2" \| Kabardian	{{lang\|kbd-Cyrl\|тхуы}}	{{Audio-IPA\|Kbd-txho.oga\|[txʷə]}}	'five'
colspan="2" \| Khmer	{{lang\|km\|តែ}}/{{transliteration\|km\|tê}}	{{IPA\|[tae]}}	'tea'	See Khmer phonology
colspan="2" \| Korean	{{lang\|ko-Hang\|대숲}}/{{lang\|ko-Latn\|daesup}}	{{IPA\|[tɛsup̚]}}	'bamboo forest'	See Korean phonology
rowspan="3" \|Kurdish \|Northern \|{{lang\|ku\|tu}} \|{{IPA\|[tʰʊ]}} \|'you' \| rowspan="3" \|See Kurdish phonology
Central \|{{lang\|ku\|تەوێڵ}} \|{{IPA\|[tʰəweːɫ]}} \| rowspan="2" \|'forehead'
Southern \|{{lang\|ku\|تێوڵ}} \|{{IPA\|[tʰeːwɨɫ]}}
colspan="2" \| Luxembourgish{{sfnp\|Gilles\|Trouvain\|2013\|pp=67–68}}	{{lang\|lb\|dënn}}	{{IPA\|[tən]}}	'thin'	Less often voiced {{IPAblink\|d}}. It is usually transcribed {{IPA\|/d/}}, and it contrasts with voiceless aspirated form, which is usually transcribed {{IPA\|/t/}}.{{sfnp\|Gilles\|Trouvain\|2013\|pp=67–68}} See Luxembourgish phonology
colspan="2" \| Malayalam	{{lang\|ml\|കാറ്റ്}}	{{IPA\|[kaːtːɨ̆]}}	'wind'	colspan="3"\| Contrasts /t̪ t ʈ d̪ ɖ/.
colspan="2" \| Maltese	{{lang\|no\|tassew}}	{{IPA\|[tasˈsew]}}	'true'
colspan="2" rowspan="2" \|Mandarin \|地/dì \|[ti˥˩] \|'ground' \| rowspan="2" \|See Mandarin Phonology
梯/tī \|[tʰi˥˥] \|'ladder/stairs'
colspan="2" \| Mapudungun{{sfnp\|Sadowsky\|Painequeo\|Salamanca\|Avelino\|2013\|pp=88–89}}	{{lang\|arn\|füta}}	{{IPA\|[ˈfɘtɜ]}}	'elderly'
colspan="2" \| Nunggubuyu{{sfnp\|Ladefoged\|2005\|p=158}}	darawa	{{IPA\|[taɾawa]}}	'greedy'
colspan=2\| Nuosu{{Which\|date=April 2015}}	{{lang\|ii\|ꄉ}}/{{lang\|ii-Latn\|da}}	{{IPA\|[ta˧]}}	'place'	Contrasts aspirated and unaspirated forms
Portuguese[http://www.periodicos.letras.ufmg.br/index.php/relin/article/viewFile/2744/2699 Palatalization in Brazilian Portuguese revisited] {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140407132811/http://www.periodicos.letras.ufmg.br/index.php/relin/article/viewFile/2744/2699 \|date=2014-04-07 }} {{in lang\|pt}}	Some dialects	{{lang\|pt\|troço}}	{{IPA\|[ˈtɾɔsu]}}	'thing' (pejorative)	Allophone before alveolar {{IPAslink\|ɾ}}. In other dialects {{IPA\|/ɾ/}} takes a denti-alveolar allophone instead. See Portuguese phonology
colspan="2" \| Tagalog	{{lang\|tl\|matamis}}	{{IPA\|[mɐtɐˈmis]}}	'sweet'	colspan="3" \| See Tagalog phonology
colspan="2" \| Thai	{{lang\|th\|ตา}}/ta	{{IPA\|[taː˧]}}	'eye'	Contrasts with an aspirated form.
colspan="2" \| West Frisian	{{lang\|fy\|tosk}}	{{IPA\|[ˈtosk]}}	'tooth'	See West Frisian phonology

class="wikitable" \|+ Occurrence of a voiceless plosive variable between alveolar and dental positions ! colspan="2"\|Language !! Word !! IPA!! Meaning !! Notes
Arabic	Modern Standard	{{lang\|ar\|{{Script\|Arab\|تين}}\|rtl=yes}}/{{transliteration\|ar\|tīn}}	{{IPA\|[tiːn]}}	'fig'	Laminal denti-alveolar or alveolar, depending on the speaker's native dialect. See Arabic phonology
rowspan="3" \| English	Broad South African{{sfnp\|Lass\|2002\|p=120}}	rowspan="3" \| talk	{{IPA\|[toːk]}}	rowspan="3" \| 'talk'	rowspan="3" \| Laminal denti-alveolar for some speakers, alveolar for other speakers.{{sfnp\|Lass\|2002\|p=120}}{{sfnp\|Scobbie\|Gordeeva\|Matthews\|2006\|p=4}}{{sfnp\|Wells\|1982\|p=388}}
Scottish{{sfnp\|Scobbie\|Gordeeva\|Matthews\|2006\|p=4}}	{{IPA\|[tʰɔk]}}
Welsh{{sfnp\|Wells\|1982\|p=388}}	{{IPA\|[tʰɒːk]}}
German	Standard{{sfnp\|Mangold\|2005\|p=47}}	{{lang\|de\|Tochter}}	{{IPA\|[ˈtɔxtɐ]}}	'daughter'	Varies between laminal denti-alveolar, laminal alveolar and apical alveolar.{{sfnp\|Mangold\|2005\|p=47}} See Standard German phonology
colspan="2" \| Greek{{sfnp\|Arvaniti\|2007\|p=10}}	{{lang\|el\|τρία tria}}	{{IPA\|[ˈtɾiä]}}	'three'	Varies between dental, laminal denti-alveolar and alveolar, depending on the environment.{{sfnp\|Arvaniti\|2007\|p=10}} See Modern Greek phonology
colspan="2" \|Malay \|تڠکڤ/tangkap \|{{IPA\|[t̪äŋ.käp̚]}} \|'catch' \|More commonly dental. Often unreleased in syllable codas. See Malay phonology
Norwegian	Urban East{{sfnp\|Kristoffersen\|2000\|p=22}}	{{lang\|no\|dans}}	{{IPA\|[t̻ɑns]}}	'dance'	Varies between laminal denti-alveolar and laminal alveolar. It is usually transcribed {{IPA\|/d/}}. It may be partially voiced {{IPAblink\|d\|d̥}}, and it contrasts with voiceless aspirated form, which is usually transcribed {{IPA\|/t/}}.{{sfnp\|Kristoffersen\|2000\|p=22}} See Norwegian phonology
colspan="2" \| Persian{{Harvcoltxt\|Mahootian\|2002\|pp=287–289}}	{{lang\|fa\|{{nq\|توت}}\|rtl=yes}}	{{IPA\|[t̪ʰuːt̪ʰ]}}	'berry'	Varies between laminal denti-alveolar and apical alveolar. See Persian phonology
colspan="2" \| Slovak{{sfnp\|Kráľ\|1988\|p=72}}{{sfnp\|Pavlík\|2004\|pp=98–99}}	{{lang\|sk\|to}}	{{IPA\|[t̻ɔ̝]}}	'that'	Varies between laminal denti-alveolar and laminal alveolar.{{sfnp\|Kráľ\|1988\|p=72}}{{sfnp\|Pavlík\|2004\|pp=98–99}} See Slovak phonology

Voiceless dental and alveolar plosives

Features

Varieties

Occurrence

=Dental or denti-alveolar=

=Alveolar=

=Postalveolar=

=Variable=

See also

Notes

References

External links