Kashubian alphabet

The Kashubian or Cassubian alphabet (kaszëbsczi alfabét, kaszëbsczé abecadło) is the script of the Kashubian language, based on the Latin alphabet. The Kashubian alphabet consists of 34 letters:

A, Ą, Ã, B, C, D, E, É, Ë, F, G, H, I, J, K, L, Ł, M, N, Ń, O, Ò, Ó, Ô, P, R, S, T, U, Ù, W, Y, Z, Ż

The Kashubian language also uses some digraphs: ch, cz, dz, dż, rz and sz. The digraphs cz, dż, sz, ż are pronounced in a different manner from their Polish counterparts – they are palato-alveolar, not retroflex – but rz is pronounced the same as in Polish.

Pronunciation

class="wikitable" width="60%" ! Upper case !! Lower case !! Name of letters [http://www.skarbnicakaszubska.pl/component/joomdoc/biuletyn/biuletyn_2010.pdf/detail] {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151006034616/http://www.skarbnicakaszubska.pl/component/joomdoc/biuletyn/biuletyn_2010.pdf/detail \|date=2015-10-06 }} !! Pronunciation
A \| a \| a \|{{IPA\|[a]}}
Ą \| ą \| ą \| {{IPA\|[õ]}} {{IPA\|[ũ]}} in southern dialects
Ã \| ã \| ã \| {{IPA\|[ã]}} {{IPA\|[ɛ̃]}} (Puck County, Wejherowo County)
B \| b \| bé \| {{IPA\|[b]}}
C \| c \| cé \| {{IPA\|[t͡s]}}
D \| d \| dé \| {{IPA\|[d]}}
E \| e \| e \| {{IPA\|[ɛ]}}
É \| é \| é \| {{IPA\|[e]}}, {{IPA\|[ɨ]}} at the end of a word {{IPA\|[ɨj]}} in some dialects {{IPA\|[i]/[ɨ]}} from Puck to Kartuzy
Ë \| ë \| szwa \| {{IPA\|[ə]}}
F \| f \| éf \| {{IPA\|[f]}}
G \| g \| gé \| {{IPA\|[ɡ]}}
H \| h \| ha \| {{IPA\|[x]}}
I \| I \| i \| {{IPA\|[i]}}
J \| j \| jot \| {{IPA\|[j]}}
K \| k \| ka \| {{IPA\|[k]}}
L \| l \| él \| {{IPA\|[l]}}
Ł \| ł \| éł \| {{IPA\|[w]}} {{IPA\|[l]}} in some northern dialects
M \| m \| ém \| {{IPA\|[m]}}
N \| n \| én \| {{IPA\|[n]}}
Ń \| ń \| éń \| {{IPA\|[ɲ]}} {{IPA\|[jn]}}{{cite web \|url= https://kaszebi.rastko.net/?p=227\|title= Fonetyka i fonologia\|last= Treder\|first= Jerzy\|date= 2005-09-28\|website= \|publisher= Rastko Kaszuby\|access-date= 2024-07-14\|language = pl}} {{IPA\|[n]}}
O \| o \| o \| {{IPA\|[ɔ]}}
Ò \| ò \| ò \| {{IPA\|[wɛ]}} {{IPA\|[wɔ]}} in loanwords (among some speakers)
Ó \| ó \| ó \| {{IPA\|[o]}} {{IPA\|[u]}} (southern dialects)
Ô \| ô \| ô \| {{IPA\|[ɞ]}} {{IPA\|[ɛ]}} (western dialects) {{IPA\|[ɔ]}} (Wejherowo County) {{IPA\|[o]/[u]}} (southern dialects)
P \| p \| pé \| {{IPA\|[p]}}
R \| r \| ér \| {{IPA\|[r]}}
S \| s \| és \| {{IPA\|[s]}}
T \| t \| té \| {{IPA\|[t]}}
U \| u \| u \| {{IPA\|[u]}}
Ù \| ù \| ù \|{{IPA\|[wʉ]}}
W \| w \| wé \| {{IPA\|[v]}}
Y \| y \| igrek \| {{IPA\|[i]}} {{IPA\|[y]}} in loanwords (among some speakers)
Z \| z \| zet \| {{IPA\|[z]}}
Ż \| ż \| żet \|{{IPA\|[ʒ]}}

class="wikitable" width="60%"

! Upper case !! Lower case !! Name of letters [http://www.skarbnicakaszubska.pl/component/joomdoc/biuletyn/biuletyn_2010.pdf/detail] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151006034616/http://www.skarbnicakaszubska.pl/component/joomdoc/biuletyn/biuletyn_2010.pdf/detail |date=2015-10-06 }} !! Pronunciation

A

| a

|{{IPA|[a]}}

Ą

| ą

|

{{IPA|[õ]}}
{{IPA|[ũ]}} in southern dialects

Ã

| ã

|

{{IPA|[ã]}}
{{IPA|[ɛ̃]}} (Puck County, Wejherowo County)

B

| b

| bé

| {{IPA|[b]}}

C

| c

| cé

| {{IPA|[t͡s]}}

D

| d

| dé

| {{IPA|[d]}}

E

| e

| {{IPA|[ɛ]}}

É

| é

|

{{IPA|[e]}}, {{IPA|[ɨ]}} at the end of a word
{{IPA|[ɨj]}} in some dialects
{{IPA|[i]/[ɨ]}} from Puck to Kartuzy

Ë

| ë

| szwa

| {{IPA|[ə]}}

F

| f

| éf

| {{IPA|[f]}}

G

| g

| gé

| {{IPA|[ɡ]}}

H

| h

| ha

| {{IPA|[x]}}

I

| I

| i

| {{IPA|[i]}}

J

| j

| jot

| {{IPA|[j]}}

K

| k

| ka

| {{IPA|[k]}}

L

| l

| él

| {{IPA|[l]}}

Ł

| ł

| éł

|

{{IPA|[w]}}
{{IPA|[l]}} in some northern dialects

M

| m

| ém

| {{IPA|[m]}}

N

| n

| én

| {{IPA|[n]}}

Ń

| ń

| éń

|

{{IPA|[ɲ]}}
{{IPA|[jn]}}{{cite web |url= https://kaszebi.rastko.net/?p=227|title= Fonetyka i fonologia|last= Treder|first= Jerzy|date= 2005-09-28|website= |publisher= Rastko Kaszuby|access-date= 2024-07-14|language = pl}}
{{IPA|[n]}}

O

| o

| {{IPA|[ɔ]}}

Ò

| ò

|

{{IPA|[wɛ]}}
{{IPA|[wɔ]}} in loanwords (among some speakers)

Ó

| ó

|

{{IPA|[o]}}
{{IPA|[u]}} (southern dialects)

Ô

| ô

|

{{IPA|[ɞ]}}
{{IPA|[ɛ]}} (western dialects)
{{IPA|[ɔ]}} (Wejherowo County)
{{IPA|[o]/[u]}} (southern dialects)

P

| p

| pé

| {{IPA|[p]}}

R

| r

| ér

| {{IPA|[r]}}

S

| s

| és

| {{IPA|[s]}}

T

| t

| té

| {{IPA|[t]}}

U

| u

| {{IPA|[u]}}

Ù

| ù

|{{IPA|[wʉ]}}

W

| w

| wé

| {{IPA|[v]}}

Y

| y

| igrek

|

{{IPA|[i]}}
{{IPA|[y]}} in loanwords (among some speakers)

Z

| z

| zet

| {{IPA|[z]}}

Ż

| ż

| żet

|{{IPA|[ʒ]}}

=Consonants combination=

class="wikitable" ! Upper case !! Lower case !! Pronunciation
Ch \| ch \| {{IPA\|[x]}}
Cz \| cz \| {{IPA\|[t͡ʃ]}}
Dz \| dz \| {{IPA\|[d͡z]}}
Dż \| dż \| {{IPA\|[d͡ʒ]}}
Rz \| rz \| {{IPA\|[ʐ]}} {{IPA\|[r̝]}}
Sz \| sz \| {{IPA\|[ʃ]}}

class="wikitable"

! Upper case !! Lower case !! Pronunciation

Ch

| ch

| {{IPA|[x]}}

Cz

| cz

| {{IPA|[t͡ʃ]}}

Dz

| dz

| {{IPA|[d͡z]}}

Dż

| dż

| {{IPA|[d͡ʒ]}}

Rz

| rz

|

{{IPA|[ʐ]}}
{{IPA|[r̝]}}

Sz

| sz

| {{IPA|[ʃ]}}

Literature

Eugeniusz Gòłąbk: Wkôzë kaszëbsczégò pisënkù. Oficyna Czec, Gduńsk 1997, p. 25 {{ISBN|83-87408-02-6}}.

References

External links

[http://www.omniglot.com/writing/kashubian.htm Omniglot]
[https://culture.pl/en/article/kaszebsko-mowa-freeing-the-kashubian-language Kaszëbskô Mowa: Freeing the Kashubian Language]

Alphabet

Category:Latin alphabets