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Wikipedia:Vital articles/Level/4/Technology#Optical technology (25 articles)

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{{shortcut|WP:VAT|WP:VA/T|WP:VATECHNOLOGY}}

{{Wikipedia:Vital articles/Level/Nav bar/4}}

{{center|{{Clickable button 2|Improve a random level 4 vital article in Technology|class=mw-ui-progressive|url=https://randomincategory.toolforge.org/?category=Wikipedia%20level-4%20vital%20articles%20in%20Technology&server=en.wikipedia.org&cmnamespace=&cmtype=&returntype=subject}}}}

Vital articles is a list of subjects for which Wikipedia should have corresponding high-quality articles. It serves as a centralized watchlist to track the status of Wikipedia's most essential articles. This is one of eleven Level 4 sub-lists of ten thousand articles and is currently under construction.

{{Wikipedia:Vital articles/Labels}}

This list is tailored to the English-language Wikipedia. There is also a list of ten thousand articles considered vital to Wikipedias of all languages.

For more information on this list and the process for adding articles, please see the Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) page.

Total 725 articles.

class="wikitable sortable"
Class#Articles
{{Icon|FA}} FA8
{{Icon|GA}} GA16
{{Icon|A}} A1
{{Icon|B}} B206
{{Icon|C}} C415
{{Icon|FFA}} FFA25
{{Icon|DGA}} DGA33
{{Icon|Start}} Start80

=Technology=

{{Vital article count|725}}

Technology: General

{{Vital article count|2}}

  1. {{Icon|B}} Technology (Level 1)
  2. {{Icon|C}} Invention

Agriculture

{{Vital article count|32}}

{{Col-begin}}

{{Col-break|width=30%}}

=Basics =

{{Vital article count|2}}

  1. {{Icon|B}} Agricultural science
  2. {{Icon|Start}} Crop

=Forms =

{{Vital article count|9}}

  1. {{Icon|B}} Aquaculture
  2. {{Icon|C}} Beekeeping
  3. {{Icon|C}} Dairy
  4. {{Icon|C}} Gardening
  5. {{Icon|C}} Intensive farming
  6. {{Icon|Start}} Orchard
  7. {{Icon|B}} Organic farming
  8. {{Icon|C}} Sustainable agriculture
  9. {{Icon|C}} Subsistence agriculture

{{Col-break|width=38%}}

=Buildings and infrastructure =

{{Vital article count|6}}

  1. {{Icon|C}} Garden (Level 3)
  2. {{Icon|C}} Farm
  3. {{Icon|C}} Barn
  4. {{Icon|Start}} Stable
  5. {{Icon|Start}} Silo
  6. {{Icon|Start}} Granary

=Animal husbandry =

{{Vital article count|6}}

  1. {{Icon|GA}} Animal husbandry (Level 3)
  2. {{Icon|GA}} Domestication (Level 3)
  3. {{Icon|C}} Selective breeding
  4. {{Icon|Start}} Breed
  5. {{Icon|C}} Livestock
  6. {{Icon|C}} Hay

{{Col-break|width=32%}}

=Agronomy and horticulture =

{{Vital article count|9}}

==Basics ==

{{Vital article count|4}}

  1. {{Icon|C}} Agronomy
  2. {{Icon|C}} Horticulture
  3. {{Icon|C}} Plant breeding
  4. {{Icon|C}} {{Icon|DGA}} Cultivar

==Horticultural techniques ==

{{Vital article count|5}}

  1. {{Icon|B}} Fertilizer (Level 3)
  2. {{Icon|Start}} Harvest
  3. {{Icon|C}} Irrigation
  4. {{Icon|B}} Pesticide
  5. {{Icon|C}} Tillage

{{Col-end}}

Biotechnology

{{Vital article count|7}}

{{Div col|colwidth=30em}}

  1. {{Icon|C}} Biotechnology (Level 3)
  2. {{Icon|GA}} Genetic engineering (Level 3)
  3. {{Icon|GA}} Genetically modified organism
  4. {{Icon|C}} Cybernetics
  5. {{Icon|B}} Cloning
  6. {{Icon|B}} Gel electrophoresis
  7. {{Icon|B}} Polymerase chain reaction

{{Div col end}}

Computing and information technology

{{Vital article count|82}}

:For topics in theoretical computer science, see Mathematics: Discrete mathematics.

{{Col-begin}}

{{Col-break|width=34%}}

=Basics =

{{Vital article count|8}}

  1. {{Icon|B}} Computing
  2. {{Icon|C}} Information technology
  3. {{Icon|B}} Abacus
  4. {{Icon|C}} Calculator
  5. {{Icon|C}} {{Icon|FFA}} Computer security
  6. {{Icon|C}} Malware
  7. {{Icon|C}} Data
  8. {{Icon|C}} Data communication

=Computer science =

{{Vital article count|7}}

  1. {{Icon|B}} Computer science (Level 3)
  2. {{Icon|B}} Artificial intelligence (Level 3)
  3. {{Icon|B}} Large language model
  4. {{Icon|C}} Computer architecture
  5. {{Icon|C}} Computer simulation
  6. {{Icon|FA}} Parallel computing
  7. {{Icon|B}} Pixel

=Computer hardware =

{{Vital article count|10}}

  1. {{Icon|C}} Computer hardware
  2. {{Icon|B}} Computer (Level 2)
  3. {{Icon|Start}} Mobile device
  4. {{Icon|B}} Smartphone
  5. {{Icon|B}} iPhone
  6. {{Icon|C}} Personal computer
  7. {{Icon|GA}} {{Icon|FFA}} Mac (computer)
  8. {{Icon|C}} Supercomputer
  9. {{Icon|B}} {{Icon|FFA}} Central processing unit
  10. {{Icon|B}} ENIAC

=Computer software =

{{Vital article count|7}}

  1. {{Icon|C}} {{Icon|DGA}} Computer program
  2. {{Icon|C}} Database
  3. {{Icon|C}} Open-source software
  4. {{Icon|C}} Software
  5. {{Icon|C}} Spreadsheet
  6. {{Icon|C}} Web browser
  7. {{Icon|C}} Word processor

{{Col-break|width=33%}}

=Operating systems =

{{Vital article count|6}}

  1. {{Icon|C}} Operating system
  2. {{Icon|B}} Android
  3. {{Icon|B}} {{Icon|DGA}} Linux
  4. {{Icon|B}} {{Icon|DGA}} Microsoft Windows
  5. {{Icon|B}} MS-DOS
  6. {{Icon|B}} Unix

=User interface =

{{Vital article count|5}}

  1. {{Icon|C}} User interface
  2. {{Icon|B}} Computer keyboard
  3. {{Icon|C}} Computer monitor
  4. {{Icon|B}} Mouse (computing)
  5. {{Icon|C}} Touchscreen

=Cryptography =

{{Vital article count|3}}

  1. {{Icon|C}} {{Icon|FFA}} Cryptography (Level 3)
  2. {{Icon|C}} Authentication
  3. {{Icon|C}} Encryption

=Data storage =

{{Vital article count|11}}

  1. {{Icon|C}} Computer file
  2. {{Icon|C}} File system
  3. {{Icon|B}} Barcode
  4. {{Icon|C}} Data storage
  5. {{Icon|B}} Hard disk drive
  6. {{Icon|C}} Magnetic tape
  7. {{Icon|Start}} Memory card
  8. {{Icon|C}} Optical disc
  9. {{Icon|B}} Punched card
  10. {{Icon|C}} Random-access memory
  11. {{Icon|C}} Read-only memory

{{Col-break|width=33%}}

=Networks =

{{Vital article count|5}}

  1. {{Icon|C}} Computer network
  2. {{Icon|C}} Email
  3. {{Icon|B}} Ethernet
  4. {{Icon|B}} Router
  5. {{Icon|B}} Wi-Fi

=Internet =

{{Vital article count|7}}

  1. {{Icon|B}} Internet (Level 3)
  2. {{Icon|B}} HTTP
  3. {{Icon|C}} Internet protocol suite
  4. {{Icon|C}} Search engine
  5. {{Icon|C}} Social media
  6. {{Icon|C}} Website
  7. {{Icon|C}} {{Icon|FFA}} World Wide Web

=Programming =

{{Vital article count|13}}

  1. {{Icon|C}} Computer programming
  2. {{Icon|C}} Character encoding
  3. {{Icon|C}} Compiler
  4. {{Icon|C}} {{Icon|DGA}} Programming language
  5. {{Icon|B}} Assembly language
  6. {{Icon|C}} {{Icon|FFA}} C
  7. {{Icon|B}} HTML
  8. {{Icon|C}} {{Icon|FFA}} Java (programming language)
  9. {{Icon|B}} JavaScript
  10. {{Icon|C}} Programming paradigm
  11. {{Icon|B}} {{Icon|DGA}} Functional programming
  12. {{Icon|C}} Structured programming
  13. {{Icon|B}} Object-oriented programming

{{Col-end}}

Electronics

{{Vital article count|32}}

{{Div col|colwidth=15em}}

=Basics =

{{Vital article count|8}}

  1. {{Icon|C}} Electronics (Level 3)
  2. {{Icon|B}} Consumer electronics
  3. {{Icon|C}} Sensor
  4. {{Icon|C}} Signal processing
  5. {{Icon|C}} Signal-to-noise ratio
  6. {{Icon|Start}} Circuit design
  7. {{Icon|B}} Oscilloscope
  8. {{Icon|C}} Remote control

=Components =

{{Vital article count|24}}

  1. {{Icon|C}} Semiconductor device (Level 3)
  2. {{Icon|C}} Transistor
  3. {{Icon|B}} Diode
  4. {{Icon|B}} Light-emitting diode
  5. {{Icon|B}} Integrated circuit (Level 3)
  6. {{Icon|C}} Battery (Level 3)
  7. {{Icon|B}} {{Icon|FFA}} Amplifier
  8. {{Icon|C}} Antenna
  9. {{Icon|B}} Capacitor
  10. {{Icon|B}} Cavity magnetron
  11. {{Icon|B}} Electrical connector
  12. {{Icon|C}} Filter
  13. {{Icon|C}} Inductor
  14. {{Icon|C}} Power supply
  15. {{Icon|B}} Printed circuit board
  16. {{Icon|B}} Resistor
  17. {{Icon|C}} Switch
  18. {{Icon|C}} Circuit breaker
  19. {{Icon|B}} Fuse
  20. {{Icon|C}} Relay
  21. {{Icon|C}} {{Icon|DGA}} Transformer
  22. {{Icon|B}} Vacuum tube
  23. {{Icon|C}} Waveguide
  24. {{Icon|Start}} Wire

{{Div col end}}

Engineering

{{Vital article count|14}}

{{Div col|colwidth=20em}}

=Basics =

{{Vital article count|4}}

  1. {{Icon|C}} Engineering (Level 2)
  2. {{Icon|B}} Nanotechnology
  3. {{Icon|C}} Nuclear technology
  4. {{Icon|C}} Technical drawing

=Disciplines =

{{Vital article count|10}}

  1. {{Icon|C}} Civil engineering (Level 3)
  2. {{Icon|Start}} Architectural engineering
  3. {{Icon|B}} Mechanical engineering (Level 3)
  4. {{Icon|C}} Aerospace engineering
  5. {{Icon|B}} Biomedical engineering
  6. {{Icon|C}} Chemical engineering
  7. {{Icon|B}} {{Icon|FFA}} Electrical engineering
  8. {{Icon|Start}} Industrial engineering
  9. {{Icon|C}} Military engineering
  10. {{Icon|C}} Software engineering

{{Div col end}}

Industry

{{Vital article count|98}}

See also: "Industry" in Business and economics

{{Col-begin}}

{{Col-break|width=32%}}

=Basics =

{{Vital article count|12}}

  1. {{Icon|C}} Factory
  2. {{Icon|C}} Assembly line
  3. {{Icon|B}} Automation
  4. {{Icon|B}} Industrial robot
  5. {{Icon|C}} Interchangeable parts
  6. {{Icon|C}} Mass production
  7. {{Icon|C}} Mechanization
  8. {{Icon|C}} Standardization
  9. {{Icon|C}} Waste
  10. {{Icon|C}} Landfill
  11. {{Icon|B}} Recycling
  12. {{Icon|B}} Waste management

=Energy and fuel =

{{Vital article count|36}}

  1. {{Icon|C}} Fuel
  2. {{Icon|C}} Candle
  3. {{Icon|C}} Biofuel
  4. {{Icon|C}} Charcoal
  5. {{Icon|C}} Fossil fuel (Level 3)
  6. {{Icon|C}} Coal (Level 3)
  7. {{Icon|C}} Natural gas (Level 3)
  8. {{Icon|C}} Petroleum (Level 3)
  9. {{Icon|B}} Gasoline
  10. {{Icon|B}} Kerosene
  11. {{Icon|B}} Oil refinery
  12. {{Icon|C}} Oil well
  13. {{Icon|GA}} Nuclear power (Level 3)
  14. {{Icon|B}} Renewable energy (Level 3)
  15. {{Icon|C}} Geothermal power
  16. {{Icon|C}} Hydropower (Level 3)
  17. {{Icon|C}} Hydroelectricity
  18. {{Icon|C}} Watermill
  19. {{Icon|B}} {{Icon|DGA}} Solar energy (Level 3)
  20. {{Icon|B}} {{Icon|DGA}} Solar power
  21. {{Icon|B}} {{Icon|DGA}} Solar cell
  22. {{Icon|B}} {{Icon|DGA}} Wind power (Level 3)
  23. {{Icon|B}} {{Icon|DGA}} Windmill

{{Col-break|width=36%}}

==Electricity generation and distribution ==

{{Vital article count|13}}

See also: Electromagnetism and Electromagnetism

  1. {{Icon|C}} Electric light (Level 3)
  2. {{Icon|B}} Incandescent light bulb
  3. {{Icon|C}} Electric power transmission
  4. {{Icon|C}} Electric power distribution
  5. {{Icon|C}} Electrical grid
  6. {{Icon|C}} Electric generator
  7. {{Icon|C}} Electricity generation
  8. {{Icon|C}} Power station
  9. {{Icon|C}} Turbine
  10. {{Icon|B}} Gas turbine
  11. {{Icon|C}} Steam turbine
  12. {{Icon|GA}} Wind turbine
  13. {{Icon|B}} Cooling tower

=Food, water and health =

{{Vital article count|18}}

  1. {{Icon|C}} Bleach
  2. {{Icon|B}} Desalination
  3. {{Icon|C}} Detergent
  4. {{Icon|C}} Laundry
  5. {{Icon|B}} Pasteurization
  6. {{Icon|B}} Refrigeration (Level 3)
  7. {{Icon|B}} Sanitation (Level 3)
  8. {{Icon|C}} Sanitary sewer
  9. {{Icon|B}} Sewage treatment
  10. {{Icon|B}} Water purification
  11. {{Icon|B}} Soap
  12. {{Icon|C}} Water supply network
  13. {{Icon|C}} Aqueduct
  14. {{Icon|C}} Plumbing
  15. {{Icon|C}} Qanat
  16. {{Icon|C}} Pumping station
  17. {{Icon|C}} Water tower
  18. {{Icon|C}} Well

{{Col-break|width=32%}}

=Material and chemical =

{{Vital article count|20}}

  1. {{Icon|C}} Abrasive
  2. {{Icon|C}} Adhesive
  3. {{Icon|B}} Ceramic
  4. {{Icon|C}} Chemical plant
  5. {{Icon|C}} Composite material
  6. {{Icon|C}} Explosive (Level 3)
  7. {{Icon|C}} Dynamite
  8. {{Icon|C}} Fireworks
  9. {{Icon|GA}} {{Icon|FFA}} Glass (Level 3)
  10. {{Icon|B}} Natural rubber (Level 3)
  11. {{Icon|B}} Paper (Level 3)
  12. {{Icon|B}} Parchment
  13. {{Icon|C}} Papyrus
  14. {{Icon|Start}} Petrochemical
  15. {{Icon|B}} Plastic (Level 3)
  16. {{Icon|C}} Pottery (Level 3)
  17. {{Icon|B}} Porcelain
  18. {{Icon|C}} {{Icon|DGA}} Wood (Level 3)
  19. {{Icon|B}} Woodworking
  20. {{Icon|C}} Carpentry

=Metallurgy =

{{Vital article count|12}}

  1. {{Icon|C}} Metallurgy (Level 3)
  2. {{Icon|C}} Smelting
  3. {{Icon|B}} Metalworking
  4. {{Icon|C}} {{Icon|DGA}} Die casting
  5. {{Icon|B}} Extrusion
  6. {{Icon|B}} Forging
  7. {{Icon|C}} Heat treating
  8. {{Icon|C}} Laser cutting
  9. {{Icon|C}} Rolling
  10. {{Icon|C}} Soldering
  11. {{Icon|C}} Steelmaking
  12. {{Icon|FA}} Welding

{{Col-end}}

Infrastructure

{{Vital article count|57}}

See also Arts: Architecture

{{Col-begin}}

{{Col-break|width=32%}}

=Basics =

{{Vital article count|2}}

  1. {{Icon|C}} Infrastructure (Level 3)
  2. {{Icon|C}} Building (Level 3)

=Building materials =

{{Vital article count|7}}

  1. {{Icon|C}} Concrete (Level 3)
  2. {{Icon|C}} Masonry (Level 3)
  3. {{Icon|C}} Brick
  4. {{Icon|Start}} Quarry
  5. {{Icon|B}} Cement
  6. {{Icon|C}} Lumber
  7. {{Icon|C}} Scaffolding

=Infrastructure by type =

{{Vital article count|48}}

==Architectural elements ==

{{Vital article count|16}}

  1. {{Icon|C}} Arch
  2. {{Icon|Start}} Ceiling
  3. {{Icon|Start}} Column
  4. {{Icon|B}} Dome
  5. {{Icon|B}} Door
  6. {{Icon|C}} Elevator
  7. {{Icon|Start}} Façade
  8. {{Icon|Start}} Floor
  9. {{Icon|C}} Foundation
  10. {{Icon|C}} Ladder
  11. {{Icon|C}} Lighting
  12. {{Icon|Start}} Roof
  13. {{Icon|Start}} Room
  14. {{Icon|C}} Stairs
  15. {{Icon|C}} Wall
  16. {{Icon|C}} Window

{{Col-break|width=36%}}

==Coastal infrastructure ==

{{Vital article count|5}}

  1. {{Icon|Start}} Dock
  2. {{Icon|Start}} Harbor
  3. {{Icon|B}} Lighthouse
  4. {{Icon|Start}} Pier
  5. {{Icon|C}} Port

==Ceremonial buildings ==

{{Vital article count|2}}

  1. {{Icon|C}} Pagoda
  2. {{Icon|B}} Pyramid

==Commercial buildings ==

{{Vital article count|2}}

  1. {{Icon|C}} Office
  2. {{Icon|C}} Warehouse

==Mixed-use buildings ==

{{Vital article count|3}}

  1. {{Icon|C}} Tower
  2. {{Icon|C}} Tower block
  3. {{Icon|B}} Skyscraper

==Other components ==

{{Vital article count|3}}

  1. {{Icon|C}} Electrical wiring
  2. {{Icon|C}} Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning
  3. {{Icon|C}} Fireplace

==Hydraulic infrastructure ==

{{Vital article count|10}}

  1. {{Icon|C}} Dam (Level 3)
  2. {{Icon|C}} Aswan Dam
  3. {{Icon|FA}} Hoover Dam
  4. {{Icon|C}} Itaipu Dam
  5. {{Icon|GA}} Three Gorges Dam
  6. {{Icon|C}} Drainage
  7. {{Icon|C}} Flood management
  8. {{Icon|C}} Flood control in the Netherlands
  9. {{Icon|Start}} Levee
  10. {{Icon|C}} Reservoir

==Transport infrastructure ==

{{Vital article count|7}}

  1. {{Icon|C}} Bridge (Level 3)
  2. {{Icon|B}} Akashi Kaikyo Bridge
  3. {{Icon|GA}} Brooklyn Bridge
  4. {{Icon|B}} Golden Gate Bridge
  5. {{Icon|C}} Tower Bridge
  6. {{Icon|B}} Tunnel
  7. {{Icon|B}} Channel Tunnel

{{Col-end}}

<span id="Tools and machinery"></span>Machinery and tools

{{Vital article count|97}}

{{Col-begin}}

{{Col-break|width=40%}}

=Basics =

{{Vital article count|21}}

  1. {{Icon|C}} Machine
  2. {{Icon|B}} Crane (machine)
  3. {{Icon|C}} Engine (Level 3)
  4. {{Icon|C}} Electric motor (Level 3)
  5. {{Icon|C}} Internal combustion engine (Level 3)
  6. {{Icon|C}} Diesel engine
  7. {{Icon|C}} Four-stroke engine
  8. {{Icon|C}} {{Icon|FFA}} Jet engine
  9. {{Icon|C}} Steam engine (Level 3)
  10. {{Icon|B}} Robotics (Level 3)
  11. {{Icon|B}} {{Icon|DGA}} Robot
  12. {{Icon|C}} Simple machine (Level 3)
  13. {{Icon|C}} Inclined plane
  14. {{Icon|B}} Lever
  15. {{Icon|C}} Pulley
  16. {{Icon|C}} Screw mechanism
  17. {{Icon|C}} Wedge
  18. {{Icon|B}} Wheel (Level 3)
  19. {{Icon|Start}} Wheel and axle
  20. {{Icon|C}} Siphon
  21. {{Icon|C}} {{Icon|DGA}} System

=Components =

{{Vital article count|16}}

  1. {{Icon|C}} Axle
  2. {{Icon|C}} Bearing
  3. {{Icon|C}} Clutch
  4. {{Icon|B}} Gear
  5. {{Icon|Start}} Electrical cable
  6. {{Icon|Start}} Chain
  7. {{Icon|C}} Rope
  8. {{Icon|Start}} Fastener
  9. {{Icon|C}} Knot
  10. {{Icon|C}} Nail (fastener)
  11. {{Icon|C}} Nut (hardware)
  12. {{Icon|C}} Rivet
  13. {{Icon|C}} Lock and key
  14. {{Icon|C}} Pipe
  15. {{Icon|Start}} Valve
  16. {{Icon|Start}} Spring (device)

{{Col-break|width=30%}}

=Tools =

{{Vital article count|34}}

==Tools: General==

{{Vital article count|2}}

  1. {{Icon|B}} Tool (Level 2)
  2. {{Icon|C}} Container

==Measuring instruments ==

{{Vital article count|7}}

  1. {{Icon|C}} Instrumentation
  2. {{Icon|B}} Barometer
  3. {{Icon|C}} Calipers
  4. {{Icon|C}} Photometer
  5. {{Icon|Start}} Ruler
  6. {{Icon|Start}} Spectrometer
  7. {{Icon|C}} Thermometer

==Artist's tools ==

{{Vital article count|8}}

  1. {{Icon|C}} Ink
  2. {{Icon|Start}} Modelling clay
  3. {{Icon|C}} Paint
  4. {{Icon|Start}} Brush
  5. {{Icon|Start}} Pastel
  6. {{Icon|C}} Pencil
  7. {{Icon|B}} {{Icon|DGA}} Pigment
  8. {{Icon|Start}} Pen

==Hand tools ==

{{Vital article count|8}}

  1. {{Icon|B}} Axe
  2. {{Icon|C}} Chisel
  3. {{Icon|Start}} Clamp
  4. {{Icon|C}} Drilling
  5. {{Icon|C}} Hammer
  6. {{Icon|B}} Plane (tool)
  7. {{Icon|C}} Saw
  8. {{Icon|Start}} Scissors

==Agricultural tools ==

{{Vital article count|9}}

  1. {{Icon|C}} Archimedes' screw
  2. {{Icon|Start}} Harrow (tool)
  3. {{Icon|Start}} Hoe (tool)
  4. {{Icon|Start}} Machete
  5. {{Icon|B}} Plough
  6. {{Icon|Start}} Rake (tool)
  7. {{Icon|Start}} Sickle
  8. {{Icon|C}} Shovel
  9. {{Icon|B}} Wheelbarrow

{{Col-break|width=30%}}

=Machinery =

{{Vital article count|26}}

==Farm and garden machinery ==

{{Vital article count|6}}

  1. {{Icon|C}} Chainsaw
  2. {{Icon|C}} Combine harvester
  3. {{Icon|Start}} Cotton gin
  4. {{Icon|Start}} Cultivator
  5. {{Icon|C}} Irrigation sprinkler
  6. {{Icon|C}} Lawn mower

==Household appliances ==

{{Vital article count|15}}

  1. {{Icon|C}} Home appliance
  2. {{Icon|C}} Air conditioning
  3. {{Icon|C}} Clothes dryer
  4. {{Icon|C}} Dishwasher
  5. {{Icon|Start}} Furnace (central heating)
  6. {{Icon|C}} Ironing
  7. {{Icon|B}} Microwave oven
  8. {{Icon|C}} Oven (Level 3)
  9. {{Icon|C}} Refrigerator
  10. {{Icon|C}} Sewing machine
  11. {{Icon|C}} Sink
  12. {{Icon|B}} Stove
  13. {{Icon|C}} Toilet
  14. {{Icon|C}} Vacuum cleaner
  15. {{Icon|C}} Washing machine

==Industrial machinery ==

{{Vital article count|5}}

  1. {{Icon|C}} Centrifuge
  2. {{Icon|C}} Lathe
  3. {{Icon|C}} Loom
  4. {{Icon|C}} Machine press
  5. {{Icon|Start}} Potter's wheel

{{Col-end}}

Media and communication

{{Vital article count|36}}

See also Arts: Literature; Society: Mass media; and Technology: Computing and information technology

{{Div col|colwidth=20em}}

  1. {{Icon|Start}} Means of communication
  2. {{Icon|C}} Broadcasting (Level 3)
  3. {{Icon|C}} Cathode-ray tube
  4. {{Icon|C}} Communications satellite
  5. {{Icon|Start}} Flat-panel display
  6. {{Icon|B}} Liquid-crystal display
  7. {{Icon|C}} Image
  8. {{Icon|C}} Image scanner
  9. {{Icon|B}} {{Icon|FFA}} Mail (Level 3)
  10. {{Icon|B}} Postage stamp
  11. {{Icon|C}} Mobile phone (Level 3)
  12. {{Icon|B}} {{Icon|DGA}} Podcast
  13. {{Icon|C}} Printing (Level 3)
  14. {{Icon|C}} Book (Level 3)
  15. {{Icon|Start}} Scroll
  16. {{Icon|C}} Photocopier
  17. {{Icon|C}} Printer
  18. {{Icon|B}} Printing press
  19. {{Icon|C}} Radio (Level 3)
  20. {{Icon|B}} Amateur radio
  21. {{Icon|B}} Radio broadcasting
  22. {{Icon|C}} Sound recording and reproduction
  23. {{Icon|C}} Loudspeaker
  24. {{Icon|C}} Microphone
  25. {{Icon|C}} {{Icon|FFA}} Speech synthesis
  26. {{Icon|C}} {{Icon|DGA}} Telecommunications (Level 3)
  27. {{Icon|C}} Signal modulation
  28. {{Icon|B}} Telegraphy
  29. {{Icon|C}} Telephone (Level 3)
  30. {{Icon|B}} {{Icon|DGA}} Television (Level 3)
  31. {{Icon|C}} Cable television
  32. {{Icon|C}} Satellite television
  33. {{Icon|C}} Text messaging
  34. {{Icon|C}} {{Icon|FFA}} Typewriter
  35. {{Icon|C}} Video
  36. {{Icon|Start}} Video camera

{{Div col end}}

Medical technology

{{Vital article count|16}}

{{Col-begin}}

{{Col-break}}

=Devices =

{{Vital article count|5}}

  1. {{Icon|C}} Artificial organ
  2. {{Icon|B}} Dentures
  3. {{Icon|C}} Prosthesis
  4. {{Icon|B}} Stethoscope
  5. {{Icon|C}} Wheelchair

=Equipment =

{{Vital article count|2}}

  1. {{Icon|Start}} Bandage
  2. {{Icon|C}} Syringe

=Techniques =

{{Vital article count|1}}

  1. {{Icon|B}} Cardiopulmonary bypass

{{Col-break}}

=Diagnostic technologies =

{{Vital article count|3}}

  1. {{Icon|B}} DNA profiling
  2. {{Icon|B}} Electrocardiography
  3. {{Icon|C}} Endoscopy

=Transport =

{{Vital article count|1}}

  1. {{Icon|B}} {{Icon|DGA}} Ambulance

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=Imaging =

{{Vital article count|4}}

  1. {{Icon|B}} Medical imaging (Level 3)
  2. {{Icon|GA}} Magnetic resonance imaging
  3. {{Icon|C}} Medical ultrasonography
  4. {{Icon|C}} Radiography

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Military technology

{{Vital article count|69}}

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=Military technology: General=

{{Vital article count|7}}

  1. {{Icon|C}} Weapon (Level 3)
  2. {{Icon|C}} {{Icon|FFA}} Tank
  3. {{Icon|C}} Military technology
  4. {{Icon|GA}} {{Icon|A}} Horses in warfare
  5. {{Icon|C}} Chariot
  6. {{Icon|C}} Stealth technology
  7. {{Icon|C}} {{Icon|FFA}} War elephant

=Ammunition =

{{Vital article count|2}}

  1. {{Icon|C}} Ammunition
  2. {{Icon|C}} Gunpowder (Level 3)

=Armour =

{{Vital article count|6}}

  1. {{Icon|C}} Armour (Level 3)
  2. {{Icon|C}} Bulletproof vest
  3. {{Icon|Start}} Helmet
  4. {{Icon|C}} Chain mail
  5. {{Icon|C}} Plate armour
  6. {{Icon|C}} Shield

=Explosive weapons =

{{Vital article count|6}}

  1. {{Icon|C}} Bomb (Level 3)
  2. {{Icon|C}} Cluster munition
  3. {{Icon|C}} Improvised explosive device
  4. {{Icon|C}} Grenade
  5. {{Icon|B}} Land mine
  6. {{Icon|B}} Missile

=Fortification =

{{Vital article count|3}}

  1. {{Icon|C}} Fortification (Level 3)
  2. {{Icon|FA}} Castle
  3. {{Icon|C}} Defensive wall

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=Incendiary weapons =

{{Vital article count|1}}

  1. {{Icon|Start}} Napalm

=Melee weapons =

{{Vital article count|9}}

  1. {{Icon|C}} Knife (Level 3)
  2. {{Icon|B}} Dagger
  3. {{Icon|B}} Sword
  4. {{Icon|B}} Katana
  5. {{Icon|C}} Rapier
  6. {{Icon|Start}} Battle axe
  7. {{Icon|Start}} Bayonet
  8. {{Icon|B}} Club (weapon)
  9. {{Icon|C}} Spear

=Military aviation =

{{Vital article count|4}}

  1. {{Icon|Start}} Military aircraft
  2. {{Icon|C}} Attack aircraft
  3. {{Icon|Start}} Bomber
  4. {{Icon|C}} Fighter aircraft

=Naval warfare =

{{Vital article count|8}}

  1. {{Icon|C}} {{Icon|DGA}} Aircraft carrier
  2. {{Icon|FA}} Battleship
  3. {{Icon|B}} Galley
  4. {{Icon|C}} Naval mine
  5. {{Icon|Start}} Ship of the line
  6. {{Icon|C}} {{Icon|FFA}} Submarine
  7. {{Icon|C}} Torpedo
  8. {{Icon|C}} Warship

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=Projectile weapons =

{{Vital article count|12}}

  1. {{Icon|C}} Boomerang
  2. {{Icon|C}} Bow and arrow
  3. {{Icon|C}} {{Icon|DGA}} Crossbow
  4. {{Icon|C}} Firearm (Level 3)
  5. {{Icon|B}} Rifle
  6. {{Icon|Start}} Assault rifle
  7. {{Icon|C}} Handgun
  8. {{Icon|C}} Machine gun
  9. {{Icon|Start}} Musket
  10. {{Icon|B}} Shotgun
  11. {{Icon|C}} Gun
  12. {{Icon|B}} Sling

=Artillery and siege =

{{Vital article count|6}}

  1. {{Icon|C}} Artillery
  2. {{Icon|Start}} Ballista
  3. {{Icon|Start}} Battering ram
  4. {{Icon|FA}} Cannon
  5. {{Icon|C}} Catapult
  6. {{Icon|C}} Mortar

=Weapons of mass destruction =

{{Vital article count|5}}

  1. {{Icon|C}} Weapon of mass destruction
  2. {{Icon|B}} Biological warfare
  3. {{Icon|C}} Chemical weapon
  4. {{Icon|C}} {{Icon|FFA}} Nuclear weapon
  5. {{Icon|C}} Thermonuclear weapon

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Navigation and timekeeping

{{Vital article count|24}}

For units of time (hour, day, etc.), see Physical sciences – Measurement.

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=Timekeeping =

{{Vital article count|14}}

  1. {{Icon|C}} Calendar (Level 3)
  2. {{Icon|C}} Chinese calendar
  3. {{Icon|B}} Gregorian calendar
  4. {{Icon|B}} Islamic calendar
  5. {{Icon|B}} Julian calendar
  6. {{Icon|C}} Leap year
  7. {{Icon|B}} Coordinated Universal Time
  8. {{Icon|C}} Clock (Level 3)
  9. {{Icon|B}} Watch
  10. {{Icon|B}} Atomic clock
  11. {{Icon|B}} Pendulum
  12. {{Icon|B}} Sundial
  13. {{Icon|B}} Time zone
  14. {{Icon|B}} {{Icon|FFA}} Daylight saving time

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=Navigation =

{{Vital article count|10}}

See the Cartography section under Geography for Map.

  1. {{Icon|B}} Navigation (Level 3)
  2. {{Icon|C}} Compass (Level 3)
  3. {{Icon|C}} Celestial navigation
  4. {{Icon|C}} Sextant
  5. {{Icon|C}} Dead reckoning
  6. {{Icon|B}} Gyroscope
  7. {{Icon|C}} Satellite navigation
  8. {{Icon|C}} Global Positioning System
  9. {{Icon|B}} {{Icon|FFA}} Radar (Level 3)
  10. {{Icon|B}} Sonar

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Optical technology

{{Vital article count|25}}

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=Basics =

{{Vital article count|3}}

  1. {{Icon|C}} Laser (Level 3)
  2. {{Icon|C}} Holography
  3. {{Icon|C}} {{Icon|DGA}} Optical fiber

=Optics =

{{Vital article count|6}}

  1. {{Icon|B}} Lens (Level 3)
  2. {{Icon|B}} Anti-reflective coating
  3. {{Icon|C}} Diffraction grating
  4. {{Icon|B}} Mirror
  5. {{Icon|B}} Polarizer
  6. {{Icon|Start}} Prism (optics)

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=Optical instruments =

{{Vital article count|16}}

  1. {{Icon|C}} Microscope (Level 3)
  2. {{Icon|B}} Electron microscope
  3. {{Icon|B}} Optical microscope
  4. {{Icon|C}} Telescope (Level 3)
  5. {{Icon|C}} Optical telescope
  6. {{Icon|B}} Radio telescope
  7. {{Icon|C}} Theodolite
  8. {{Icon|C}} Camera (Level 3)
  9. {{Icon|B}} Photography (Level 3)
  10. {{Icon|C}} Digital photography
  11. {{Icon|Start}} Fine-art photography
  12. {{Icon|C}} Photographic film
  13. {{Icon|B}} {{Icon|DGA}} Glasses
  14. {{Icon|C}} Binoculars
  15. {{Icon|C}} Charge-coupled device
  16. {{Icon|GA}} Interferometry

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Space

{{Vital article count|28}}

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=Basics =

{{Vital article count|10}}

  1. {{Icon|B}} Space exploration (Level 3)
  2. {{Icon|C}} Exploration of Mars
  3. {{Icon|C}} Spaceflight (Level 3)
  4. {{Icon|C}} Spacecraft
  5. {{Icon|B}} Rocket (Level 3)
  6. {{Icon|C}} Launch vehicle
  7. {{Icon|C}} Rocket engine
  8. {{Icon|C}} Satellite (Level 3)
  9. {{Icon|B}} Space station (Level 3)
  10. {{Icon|C}} Astronaut

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=Programs and launch sites =

{{Vital article count|9}}

  1. {{Icon|B}} {{Icon|DGA}} NASA
  2. {{Icon|GA}} Apollo program
  3. {{Icon|C}} Kennedy Space Center
  4. {{Icon|B}} Voyager program
  5. {{Icon|C}} Soviet space program
  6. {{Icon|C}} Baikonur Cosmodrome
  7. {{Icon|C}} Roscosmos
  8. {{Icon|C}} European Space Agency
  9. {{Icon|Start}} China National Space Administration

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=Crewed spacecraft =

{{Vital article count|5}}

  1. {{Icon|B}} {{Icon|FFA}} International Space Station
  2. {{Icon|B}} {{Icon|DGA}} Mir
  3. {{Icon|FA}} Space Shuttle
  4. {{Icon|B}} {{Icon|FFA}} Saturn V
  5. {{Icon|C}} Soyuz (spacecraft)

=Uncrewed spacecraft =

{{Vital article count|2}}

  1. {{Icon|FA}} Hubble Space Telescope
  2. {{Icon|GA}} Sputnik 1

=Ground-based observatories =

{{Vital article count|2}}

  1. {{Icon|C}} Atacama Large Millimeter Array
  2. {{Icon|C}} Mauna Kea Observatories

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Textiles

{{Vital article count|22}}

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=Fabrics and fibers =

{{Vital article count|12}}

  1. {{Icon|B}} Textile (Level 3)
  2. {{Icon|Start}} Canvas
  3. {{Icon|B}} Cotton (Level 3)
  4. {{Icon|Start}} Felt
  5. {{Icon|C}} Fiber
  6. {{Icon|Start}} Lace
  7. {{Icon|C}} Leather
  8. {{Icon|C}} Linen
  9. {{Icon|B}} Silk
  10. {{Icon|Start}} Thread
  11. {{Icon|C}} Wool
  12. {{Icon|Start}} Yarn

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=Techniques =

{{Vital article count|10}}

  1. {{Icon|C}} Basket weaving
  2. {{Icon|B}} Crochet
  3. {{Icon|C}} Dye
  4. {{Icon|C}} Embroidery
  5. {{Icon|B}} Hand spinning
  6. {{Icon|B}} Knitting
  7. {{Icon|B}} Quilting
  8. {{Icon|C}} Sewing
  9. {{Icon|B}} Tapestry
  10. {{Icon|B}} Weaving

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Transportation

{{Vital article count|84}}

{{Col-begin}}

{{Col-break|width=35%}}

=Basics =

{{Vital article count|7}}

  1. {{Icon|C}} Transport (Level 2)
  2. {{Icon|B}} Public transport
  3. {{Icon|C}} Travel
  4. {{Icon|Start}} Freight transport
  5. {{Icon|C}} Cargo
  6. {{Icon|Start}} Passport
  7. {{Icon|C}} Vehicle

=Road transport =

{{Vital article count|19}}

  1. {{Icon|C}} {{Icon|FFA}} Road transport
  2. {{Icon|B}} Road (Level 3)
  3. {{Icon|C}} Highway
  4. {{Icon|B}} Controlled-access highway
  5. {{Icon|B}} Trail
  6. {{Icon|B}} Car (Level 3)
  7. {{Icon|C}} {{Icon|FFA}} Bicycle (Level 3)
  8. {{Icon|C}} Cycling
  9. {{Icon|C}} Bus
  10. {{Icon|B}} Motorcycle
  11. {{Icon|B}} Rickshaw
  12. {{Icon|C}} Truck
  13. {{Icon|C}} Taxi
  14. {{Icon|Start}} Van
  15. {{Icon|Start}} Driving
  16. {{Icon|B}} Parking
  17. {{Icon|C}} Tire
  18. {{Icon|B}} {{Icon|DGA}} Filling station
  19. {{Icon|B}} Traffic collision

=Animal-powered transport =

{{Vital article count|3}}

  1. {{Icon|Start}} Carriage
  2. {{Icon|C}} Cart
  3. {{Icon|C}} Saddle

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=Trains =

{{Vital article count|14}}

  1. {{Icon|C}} {{Icon|DGA}} Train (Level 3)
  2. {{Icon|C}} Locomotive
  3. {{Icon|C}} Steam locomotive
  4. {{Icon|B}} Train station
  5. {{Icon|C}} Rail transport
  6. {{Icon|B}} Railway track
  7. {{Icon|C}} {{Icon|DGA}} Rapid transit
  8. {{Icon|B}} {{Icon|FFA}} London Underground
  9. {{Icon|GA}} New York City Subway
  10. {{Icon|C}} High-speed rail
  11. {{Icon|B}} Shinkansen
  12. {{Icon|B}} Monorail
  13. {{Icon|C}} Tram
  14. {{Icon|B}} {{Icon|DGA}} Trans-Siberian Railway

=Aviation =

{{Vital article count|17}}

  1. {{Icon|C}} Aircraft (Level 3)
  2. {{Icon|C}} Aviation
  3. {{Icon|Start}} Air traffic control
  4. {{Icon|C}} Aircraft engine
  5. {{Icon|C}} Airline
  6. {{Icon|C}} Airplane
  7. {{Icon|C}} Airport
  8. {{Icon|C}} {{Icon|DGA}} Airship
  9. {{Icon|C}} Balloon (aeronautics)
  10. {{Icon|C}} {{Icon|DGA}} Hot air balloon
  11. {{Icon|C}} Fixed-wing aircraft
  12. {{Icon|B}} Glider
  13. {{Icon|C}} Helicopter
  14. {{Icon|C}} Jet aircraft
  15. {{Icon|C}} Parachute
  16. {{Icon|C}} Unmanned aerial vehicle
  17. {{Icon|C}} Wing

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=Maritime transport =

{{Vital article count|20}}

  1. {{Icon|C}} Maritime transport
  2. {{Icon|B}} Ship (Level 3)
  3. {{Icon|C}} Canal (Level 3)
  4. {{Icon|B}} Lock (water navigation)
  5. {{Icon|C}} Barge
  6. {{Icon|C}} Boat
  7. {{Icon|C}} Canoe
  8. {{Icon|Start}} Cargo ship
  9. {{Icon|C}} Ferry
  10. {{Icon|B}} Fishing vessel
  11. {{Icon|C}} Hovercraft
  12. {{Icon|C}} Merchant ship
  13. {{Icon|C}} Passenger ship
  14. {{Icon|C}} Riverboat
  15. {{Icon|C}} Sailing
  16. {{Icon|B}} Sail
  17. {{Icon|B}} Sailing ship
  18. {{Icon|C}} Shipbuilding
  19. {{Icon|B}} Steamship
  20. {{Icon|Start}} Tanker

=Other =

{{Vital article count|4}}

  1. {{Icon|C}} Cable transport
  2. {{Icon|C}} Baby transport
  3. {{Icon|B}} Pipeline
  4. {{Icon|C}} Tractor

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{{Core topics}}

All languages should have

Vital articles