Wikipedia:Wikipedia as a court source

! Jurisdiction

! Court/
Body

! data-sort-type="isodate" | Date

! Case Name/
Link

! Case Citation

! Cited article

! Remarks/
Quotes

| United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit

| 2024-06-03

| [https://scholar.google.com/scholar_case?case=17854752917985491228 Google Scholar]

| Asymadesign, LLC v. CBL & Assocs. Mgmt., Inc., 103 F. 4th 1257, No. 23-2495, 2024 U.S. App. LEXIS 13345, at *6 (7th Cir. June 3, 2024)

| Bernhard Modern

| Jason R. Epstein, who represents AsymaDesign, did not heed this [font-related] advice. His brief is set in Bernhard Modern, a display face suited to movie posters and used in the title sequence of the Twilight Zone TV show. Wikipedia explains: "A somewhat decorative text typeface, it is distinct for its low x-height, elongated ascenders, and relatively short descenders giving it an appearance of height without requiring excessive leading. Serifs are wide and splayed." Those are not characteristics that conduce to easy reading of long passages. (cleaned up).

| High Court of Justice, Administrative Division

| 2019-01-18

| [https://www.bailii.org/ew/cases/EWHC/Admin/2019/55.html R (on the application of Liverpool Open And Green Spaces Community Interest Company) v Liverpool City Council]

| [2019] EWHC 55 (Admin)

| Ha-ha

| "It emerged during the hearing that a Ha Ha is, according to a definition from Wikipedia:"

"a recessed landscape design element that creates a vertical barrier while preserving an uninterrupted view of the landscape beyond. The design includes a turfed incline which slopes downward to a sharply vertical face, typically a masonry retaining wall".

| Court of Appeal, Criminal Division

| 2018-12-10

| [https://www.bailii.org/ew/cases/EWCA/Crim/2018/2743.html Kurtz v R]

| [2018] EWCA Crim 2743

| Enduring power of attorney

| "The MCA 2005 followed on from work done by the Law Commission, including its 1995 report, Mental Incapacity..."

| United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit

| 2018-10-26

| [https://scholar.google.com/scholar_case?case=17739580567807541936 United States v. Brown]

|

| Naloxone

| Naloxone is sold under the trade name "Narcan." See Definition of Naloxone, Wikipedia [...] (cleaned up).

| Court of Appeals of Washington, Division Three

| 2018-10-25

| [https://scholar.google.com/scholar_case?case=1640372394922469688 State v. Anderson]

|

| Taxicab geometry

| The field of mathematics has names for describing this method for measuring distance. See, e.g., "Taxicab geometry," WIKIPEDIA [....] Notably, among the names for this type of distance measurement are the "taxicab metric," "city block distance," or "Manhattan distance." Id. (cleaned up)

| Supreme Court of Ohio

| 2018-10-23

| [https://scholar.google.com/scholar_case?case=14881869020376204127 State ex rel. Wegman v. Ohio Police & Fire Pension Fund]

| 2018 Ohio 4243

| Psi (letter)#Use as a symbol

| In the "Diagnosis" column, Dr. Jewell wrote "Left-Knee-Quadriceps Rupture," "Cardiac Arrhythmia," "Right Shoulder," and what appears to be the Greek letter "Ψ" or "psi," which can be shorthand for psychology, psychiatry, or psychological. See [link to Wikipedia article] (cleaned up).

| United States District Court for the Eastern District of Wisconsin

| 2018-09-14

| [https://scholar.google.com/scholar_case?case=16394522551651602651 Cree, Inc. v. BHP Energy Mexico S. de R.L. de C.V.]

|

| Recurso de amparo

|"According to Wikipedia—admittedly not a law dictionary—a writ of amparo is a remedy for protection of rights in certain jurisdictions. (cleaned up).

| New York Supreme Court for New York County

| 2018-07-30

| [https://scholar.google.com/scholar_case?case=15339428083965716986 Churches United for Fair Housing, Inc. v. de Blasio]

| 2018 NY Slip Op 31865(U)

| Wealth inequality in the United States, Wealth inequality in the United States#Racial disparities

|"Wealth inequality, and concomitant income inequality, are inexorably, and unfortunately, rising in the United States." (cleaned up).

| United States District Court for the Eastern District of Kentucky

| 2018-07-10

| [https://scholar.google.com/scholar_case?case=14953931768069634119 Philpot v. LM Communications II of South Carolina, Inc.]

|

| 100px

|Copyright infringement case by uploader of a CC-BY-2.0 image to Wikipedia against someone who used photo without attribution (and metadata removed)

| Torture Claims Appeal Board

| 2018-04-20

| [http://www.hklii.org/eng/hk/cases/hkcfi/2018/801.html Md Nazir Ahmed Sarkar v. Torture Claims Appeal Board & Director of Immigration]

|

| Pakistan

|The Torture Claims Appeal Board board had relied on Wikipedia for information about the claimant’s country of origin, wikipedia making up 40 per cent of the sources used in deciding to reject the asylum claim.

| High Court of Justice, Chancery Division

| 2017-10-13

| [https://www.bailii.org/ew/cases/EWHC/Ch/2017/2543.html Oldham Metropolitan Borough Council v Makin]

| [2017] EWHC 2543 (Ch)

| Symphonie fantastique

| The judge includes a quote by Hector Berlioz sourced from the article to describe why it would be inappropriate to play music from the fifth movement of the symphony at the funeral of Ian Brady, one of the Moors murderers, contrary to instructions contained in Brady's will.

| Supreme Court of Texas

| 2017-03-17

| [http://www.txcourts.gov/media/1437551/150790.pdf D Magazine Partners v. Rosenthal]

| No. 15-0790

| Welfare queen

| "We agree with the magazine that the court of appeals’ reliance on Wikipedia led to an unduly narrow interpretation of the article’s title that, in turn, impacted the court’s analysis of the plaintiff’s defamation claim."

| Supreme Court of Pakistan

| 2016-4-20

| Panama Papers case

| [https://www.scribd.com/document/345738238/Supreme-Court-s-judgement-on-Panama-case#from_embed]

| Hamad bin Jassim bin Jaber Al Thani

|

| High Court of Justice, Queen's Bench Division, Election Court

| 2015-04-23

| [http://www.bailii.org/cgi-bin/markup.cgi?doc=/ew/cases/EWHC/QB/2015/1215.html Erlam & Others v Rahman & Another]

| [2015] EWHC 1215 (QB)

| Dog-whistle politics

| Election Commissioner Richard Mawrey: "The wise folk of the Oxford English Dictionary fight shy of defining this term but as good a definition as any may be found in Wikipedia:"

"The advantage of the cliché is that one may take a completely innocent, indeed anodyne, statement of a political opponent and claim that it contains a ‘coded’ message often, as Wikipedia remarks, of a racist nature."

| United States District Court for the Western District of Wisconsin

| 2014-06-06

| [http://sblog.s3.amazonaws.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/Wisconsin-marriage-ruling-DCt-6-6-14.pdf Wolf v. Walker]

| 14-cv-64-bbc

| George Washington

| U.S. District Judge Barbara B. Crabb: "There is also little to no stigma attached to childless married couples. Neither defendants nor amici point to any social opprobrium directed at the many millions of such couples throughout this country’s history, beginning with America’s first family, George and Martha Washington, who had no biological children of their own." (cleaned up).

| U.S. Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit

| 2014-04-14

| [http://media.ca7.uscourts.gov/cgi-bin/rssExec.pl?Submit=Display&Path=Y2014/D04-14/C:13-2899:J:Posner:aut:T:fnOp:N:1326031:S:0 Conrad v. AM Community Credit Union, et al.]

| No. 13-2899

| Dance notation

| Posner, J. writes: "To comply with the requirement of fixity she would have had either to have recorded the performance or to have created a written 'dance notation' of it...'Dance Notation,' Wikipedia. She did neither." (cleaned up)

| Utah Court of Appeals

| 2012-08-16

| [http://www.utcourts.gov/opinions/appopin/fire_insurance081612.pdf Fire Insurance Exchange v. Oltmanns and Blackner]See the Wikipedia Signpost.

| 285 P.3d 802

| Jet ski

| Judge Gregory K Orme, writing for the majority opinion, writes "The subject is well‐illuminated in that great repository of contemporary wisdom, Wikipedia." In addition, Judge J. Frederick Voros authored a concurring opinion, setting out his views on why citing Wikipedia was appropriate.

| U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit

| 2012-04-20

| [http://www.ca4.uscourts.gov/Opinions/Published/104831.P.pdf United States v. Lawson]

| 677 F.3d 629

| Sponsor (commercial)

| Criminal conviction reversed because juror improperly used Wikipedia as a source.

| U.S. Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit

| 2012-03-27

| [http://media.ca7.uscourts.gov/cgi-bin/rssExec.pl?Submit=Display&Path=Y2012/D03-27/C:11-2811:J:Posner:aut:T:fnOp:N:889788:S:0 Prude v. Clark]

| 675 F.3d 732

| Anal fissure

| Access date March 15, 2012; cited in a judicial opinion rebuking a county sheriff for ignoring a Federal lawsuit.

| Supreme Court

| 2011-03-07

| [http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2011/mar2011/gr_191561_2011.html Bank of Commerce v. Goodman Fielder
]

| G.R. No. 168715

| Checkwriter

|

|European Court of Human Rights

|2010-12-07

|[http://cmiskp.echr.coe.int/tkp197/view.asp?action=html&documentId=878023&portal=hbkm&source=externalbydocnumber&table=F69A27FD8FB86142BF01C1166DEA398649 Jakobski v. Poland]

|

|Buddhist cuisine

|Cited by the Polish government.

|U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit

|2010-10-26

|[http://lawprofessors.typepad.com/files/08-17094-arizonavotercitizenship.pdf Gonzales v. Arizona]

| 624 F.3d 1162

|Exclusive or

|In footnote 7 of his dissent, Judge Alex Kozinski cites: "Wikipedia gives the following example to illustrate the difference between the exclusive and the inclusive 'or'..."

| Supreme Court

| 2010-09-15

| [http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2010/sep2010/gr_168715_2010.html Medline Management v. Roslinda
]

| G.R. No. 168715

| Hemodialysis

|

| High Court of England and Wales, Chancery Division

| 2010-07-23

| SAS Institute Inc. v World Programming Ltd
([http://www.bailii.org/ew/cases/EWHC/Ch/2010/1829.html)

| [2010] EWHC 1829

| SAS language

| Justice Arnold wrote (at paragraph 56): In my judgment the SAS Language is a programming language. I am comforted by the fact that this assessment coincides ... also with that of the anonymous author of the entry for "SAS language" in Wikipedia (as last modified on 25 April 2010), which states...

| Supreme Court

| 2010-05-05

| [http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2010/may2010/184800.htm Bonifacio v. RTC-Makati
]

| G.R. No. 184800

| Blog, Yahoo Groups

|

| Criminal Court of the City of New York, New York County

| 2010-04-20

| [https://www.leagle.com/decision/innyco20100421378 People v. Givenni]

| 27 Misc.3d 1135 (2010), 898 N.Y.S.2d 829

| Helium

| Matthew A. Sciarrino, Jr., J.: "Helium is defined as a colorless, odorless, tasteless, nontoxic, inert monatomic gas that heads the noble gas group in the periodic table. (See Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, Helium). ... "Inhaling helium directly from pressurized cylinders is extremely dangerous, as the high flow rate can result in barotrauma, fatally rupturing lung tissue." (Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, Helium)." (cleaned up).

| Supreme Court

| 2010-03-26

| [http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2010/march2010/190779_brion.htm Orceo v. COMELEC
]

| G.R. No. 190779

| Airsoft gun, Air gun

| Separate Opinion of Justice Arturo Brion

| Supreme Court

| 2010-03-03

| [http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2010/march2010/179169.htm Leonis Navigation v. Villamater
]

| G.R. No. 179169

| Colorectal cancer

|

|Milton Keynes County Court

|2009-12-04

|[http://www.bailii.org/ew/cases/Misc/2009/9.html Petrie v The Standard Life Assurance Ltd]

|

|Floating rate note

|Referred to by one of the parties; District Judge Hickman said "it seems to me that while it is inappropriate to use Wikipedia or similar internet resources as a source of quasi-expert evidence, it is perfectly appropriate and proportionate to use such a resource to find an explanation for an unfamiliar expression, just as it is accepted practice to refer to a reputable dictionary."

| U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit

| 2009-08-07

| [http://scholar.google.com/scholar_case?case=17076114823909987988&hl=en&as_sdt=6&as_vis=1&oi=scholarr Brown v. Nucor Corp]

| 576 F.3d 149, 156 n.9

| Standard deviation

| Three standard deviations would equate to a 99.7% confidence level.

| Supreme Court

| 2008-09-12

| [http://elibrary.judiciary.gov.ph/thebookshelf/showdocs/1/46602 Republic v. Cagandahan
]

| G.R. No. 166676

| Intersexuality

|

|Superior Court of New Jersey, Appellate Division.

|2009-08-29

|[http://lawlibrary.rutgers.edu/courts/appellate/a1338-07.opn.html Palisades Collection v. Graubard]

| No. A-1338-07T3 (Unpublished)

|

|See [http://www.law.com/jsp/legaltechnology/pubArticleLT.jsp?id=1202430073269 law.com article]. Additionally, see the opinion of the court, which reverses the trial court. The appellate court held that Wikipedia articles are not admissible as reliable evidence.

|U.S. Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit

|2008-08-29

|[http://www.ca8.uscourts.gov/opndir/08/08/072276P.pdf Badasa v. Mukasey]

| 540 F.3d 909

|

|See [http://blog.wired.com/27bstroke6/2008/09/asylum-seeker-r.html Wired article].

| High Court of Justice, Queen's Bench Division

| 2008-04-09

| [http://www.bailii.org/ew/cases/EWHC/QB/2008/661.html Meisels v. Lichtman]

| [2008] EWHC 661

| Satmar (Hasidic dynasty)

| Cited to explain the cultural background and underlying attitudes of all the parties, who were from this branch of orthodox Judaism.

| Federal Patent Court

| 2007-11-27

| [http://juris.bundespatentgericht.de/cgi-bin/rechtsprechung/document.py?Gericht=bpatg&Art=en&sid=430572370e481d6bf37feb5a3fe45c2e&nr=3093&pos=2&anz=138&Blank=1.pdf 33 W (pat) 99/07]

|

| FTSE All-Share Index

|

| Small claims court, Petah Tikva

| 2007-10-28

| [http://halemo.net/edoar/0099/barziv_vs_peled.htm Bar-Ziv vs. Peled]

|

| :he:דואר זבל

| Used as reference to define spam. First known court citation of a Hebrew Wikipedia article. First known citation in Israeli jurisprudence.

| Federal Court of Malaysia

| 2007-10-23

| [http://www.kehakiman.gov.my/judgment/fc/latest/judgment.pdf PP v. Kok Wah Kuan]

|

| Unclear, probably Lord Chancellor

| Used as an additional reference to support the claim the Lord Chancellor was a member of all 3 branches of government

| Court of Appeal for Ontario

| 2007-10-22

| [http://www.ontariocourts.on.ca/decisions/OntarioCourtsSearch_VOpenFile.cfm?serverFilePath=D%3A%5CUsers%5COntario%20Courts%5Cwww%5Cdecisions%5C2007%5Coctober%5C2007ONCA0722%2Ehtm R. v. Budd]

|

| Trust

| Cited by the trial judge of first instance.

| Supreme Court of Victoria

| 2007-10-17

| Timoney Technology Limited & Anor v ADI Ltd

| {{cite AustLII|VSC|402|2007}}

| Bushmaster IMV

| "This case is not the appropriate vehicle to determine whether or to what extent information appearing on a Wikipedia website may be admissible in evidence."

| Office for Harmonization in the Internal Market, Opposition Decisions

| 2007-10-17

| [http://oami.europa.eu/LegalDocs/Opposition/2007/en/000836249.pdf Formula One Licensing B.V. v. Racing-Live S.A.]

|

|

| "The applicant filed abundant material (listed above) with a view to proving that 'F1', far from being a trade mark, is a descriptive indication identifying a type of motor racing event. A significant part of the evidence comes from Wikipedia."

| Refugee Review Tribunal

| 2007-10-16

| Case no. 071516093

| {{cite AustLII|RRTA|238|2007}}

| Homosexuality in India

| Cited by the applicant.

| Wisconsin Court of Appeals

| 2007-10-16

| [http://www.wicourts.gov/ca/opinion/DisplayDocument.pdf?content=pdf&seqNo=30600 Godoy v. E.I. du Pont de Nemours & Co.]

| 743 N.W.2d 159

| Processing of lead metal from ore

|

| U.S. Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit

| 2007-10-12

| [http://www.ca8.uscourts.gov/opndir/07/10/064094P.pdf U.S. v. Bazaldua]

| 506 F.3d 671

| PIT maneuver
(accessed Sept 20, 2007)

|

| U.S. Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit

| 2007-10-10

| [http://www.ca6.uscourts.gov/opinions.pdf/07a0414p-06.pdf Lennon v. Metro. Life Ins. Co.]

| 504 F.3d 617

| Blood alcohol

|

| Office for Harmonization in the Internal Market, Opposition Decisions

| 2007-10-03

| [http://oami.europa.eu/LegalDocs/Opposition/2007/en/000322620.pdf CBS Worldwide Inc. v. Funkwerk plettac electronic GmbH]

|

| CBS, CBS Evening News, Orbit News, Sky News, :de:Der Preis ist heiß, :de:Columbia Broadcasting System

| Cited by CBS.

| IP Australia

| 2007-10-02

| Sanofi-Aventis

| {{cite AustLII|APO|35|2007}}

| Lydia Pinkham, Lily the Pink (song)

| Cited by the applicant.

| Office for Harmonization in the Internal Market, Board of Appeals

| 2007-09-27

| [http://oami.europa.eu/LegalDocs/BoA/2006/en/R0708_2006-4.pdf Edgar Rice Burroughs, Inc.
(]

| R 708/2006-4

| Spectrogram, Tarzan

| "Again within the ambit of Article 74 (1) CTMR, the Board has considered the references in the 'Wikipedia' article ..."

| Supreme Court of India

| 2007-09-26

| [http://www.judis.nic.in/supremecourt/qrydisp.aspx?filename=29579 Commissioner of Customs, New Delhi v. C-Net Communication (I) Pvt. Ltd]

|

| Decoder

|

| Office for Harmonization in the Internal Market, Opposition Decisions

| 2007-09-25

| [http://oami.europa.eu/LegalDocs/Opposition/2007/en/000926628.pdf Hedge Invest SGR P.A. v. BI Management A/S]

|

| Hedge fund

|

| Refugee Review Tribunal

| 2007-09-24

| Case no. 071637020

| {{Cite AustLII|RRTA|234|2007}}

| Young Communist League, Nepal
(as of May 31, 2007)

|

| IP Australia

| 2007-09-20

| Apple Computer Inc

| {{Cite AustLII|ADO|5|2007}}

| USB

|

| Public Service Labour Relations Board

| 2007-09-20

| [http://www.pslrb-crtfp.gc.ca/decisions/fulltext/2007-100_e.asp Cox v. Vezina]

|

| Mobbing

| Cited by the complainant.

| Office for Harmonization in the Internal Market, Board of Appeals

| 2007-09-18

| [http://oami.europa.eu/LegalDocs/BoA/2006/en/R0920_2006-2.pdf Visual Finder, S.L. v. Lilly Software Associates, Inc]

|

| Visual programming language

| Cited by the applicant.

| Office for Harmonization in the Internal Market, Opposition Decisions

| 2007-09-19

| [http://oami.europa.eu/LegalDocs/Opposition/2007/en/000943326.pdf Axel Springer AG v. Jerome Russell Cosmetics (USA) Inc.]

|

| Bild-Zeitung

| Cited by the opponent.

"(...) a genuine reputation of the sign has not been proved. In particular, the opponent did not file any documents from independent sources, such as for example market surveys carried out by third specialised companies. The Annual Report comes from the opponent itself, and the Wikipedia extract cannot be properly considered as an "independent source", taking into account that it is an online encyclopaedia open for editing to everyone, collaboratively written by many of its readers."

| Office for Harmonization in the Internal Market, Board of Appeals

| 2007-09-16

| [http://oami.europa.eu/LegalDocs/BoA/2007/en/R0390_2007-1.pdf CSFB Holt, LLC]

| R 390/2007-1

| Cash flow return on investment

| Cited by the applicant.

"Most of the internet references are connected to the applicant (firms that use CFROI with the applicant's consent) or of uncertain reliability, such as Wikipedia (an online encyclopedia that any person can edit) ..."

| Office for Harmonization in the Internal Market, Cancellation Division

| 2007-09-11

| [http://oami.europa.eu/LegalDocs/Cancellation/en/C004334769_970.pdf Cervecería Argentina S.A. Isenbeck v. Cervecería y Maltería Quilmas S.A.I.C.A. y G.]

|

| Patagonia, Río Negro (Argentina)

| Cited by the applicant.

| Office for Harmonization in the Internal Market, Opposition Decisions

| 2007-09-10

| [http://oami.europa.eu/LegalDocs/Opposition/2007/en/000849416.pdf Reuters Financial Software, s.a. v. Investors Bank & Trust Co.]

|

| FOREX

|

| Office for Harmonization in the Internal Market, Board of Appeals

| 2007-09-07

| [http://oami.europa.eu/LegalDocs/BoA/2007/en/R0223_2007-2.pdf Montebello, S.R.L. v. Bodegas Montebello, S.A.]

|

| Fino

| Cited by the applicant.

| Office for Harmonization in the Internal Market, Board of Appeals

| 2007-09-06

| [http://oami.europa.eu/LegalDocs/BoA/2007/en/R0527_2007-2.pdf Starbucks Co.]

| R 527/2007-2

| Hear Music

| Cited by the applicant.

| Office for Harmonization in the Internal Market, Opposition Decisions

| 2007-08-31

| [http://oami.europa.eu/LegalDocs/Opposition/2007/en/000501306.pdf Perusahaan Otomobil Nasional Sdn. Bhd. v. Proton Motor Fuel Cell GmbH]

|

| Fuel cell

|

| Federal Court of Australia

| 2007-08-31

| SZIYI v Minister for Immigration and Citizenship

| {{Cite AustLII|FCA|1379|2007}}

|

| "The learned Federal Magistrate also rejected the appellant's complaints in his written submissions that information relied upon by the Tribunal was obtained from the Wikipedia website on the internet and was therefore unreliable. She held the complaint to be misconceived. The Tribunal had identified the independent information to which it had regard and the source of that information. It was not confined to material obtained from Wikipedia but included information from various other human rights sources. There was therefore no failure to comply with the requirements of s 424A(1) of the Act simply because the Tribunal had regard to independent information."

| Court of Appeals of Maryland

| 2007-08-24

| [http://www.courts.state.md.us/opinions/coa/2007/22a06.pdf Atty. Griev. Comm'n v. Siskind]

| 401 Md. 41

| Opposite day

|

| U.S. Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit

| 2007-08-23

| [http://www.ca2.uscourts.gov:8080/isysnative/RDpcT3BpbnNcT1BOXDA2LTE4OTMtY3Zfb3BuLnBkZg==/06-1893-cv_opn.pdf Zeiler v. Deitsch]

| 500 F.3d 157

| Jewish law
(accessed Aug 1, 2007)

|

| Refugee Review Tribunal

| 2007-08-21

| Case no. 071512328

| {{Cite AustLII|RRTA|190|2007}}

| Andijan massacre

|

| Santiago Court of Appeals

| 2007-08-20

| [http://www.areajuridica.cl/jurisprudencia/civil/folder.2004-12-20.0587088779/recurso-de-apelacion-acogido-de-casacion-en-la-forma-rechazado-juicio-civil-indemnizacion-de-perjuicios-ley-19-472-y-dfl-2-de-1959-se-rechaza-en-todas-sus-partes-la-accion-deducida Constructora Salfa S.A. ./. Cruz]

| D-4318/2002

| :es:Decibelio

| First known citation in Chilean jurisprudence.

| Queensland Body Corporate and Community Management Commissioner

| 2007-08-14

| Thornton Tower

| [http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/cases/qld/QBCCMCmr/2007/487.html [2007] QBCCMCmr 487]

| Kiosk

|

| Office for Harmonization in the Internal Market, Opposition Decisions

| 2007-08-10

| [http://oami.europa.eu/LegalDocs/Opposition/2007/en/000970279.pdf Excelentisima Diputacion Provincial de Zaragoza v. Global Plastics Int.]

|

| Side arms

|

| Federal Court of Australia

| 2007-08-09

| Nine Network Australia Pty Ltd v IceTV Pty Ltd

| {{Cite AustLII|FCA|1172|2007}}

| List of Seinfeld episodes

| Cited by one of the parties.

| Alaska Court of Appeals

| 2007-08-08

| [http://www.state.ak.us/courts/ops/am-5253.pdf Denkinger v. State]

| No. A-9632

| Seine (fishing)

|

| Office for Harmonization in the Internal Market, Board of Appeals

| 2007-08-01

| [http://oami.europa.eu/LegalDocs/BoA/2007/en/R0291_2007-2.pdf Sony Co.]

| R 291/2007-2

| Memory stick

|

| Office for Harmonization in the Internal Market, Opposition Decisions

| 2007-08-01

| [http://oami.europa.eu/LegalDocs/Opposition/2007/en/000928665.pdf The Concentrate Manufacturing Company of Ireland v. Gonzalez Byass, S.A.]

|

| Manzanilla

| Cited by the opponent.

| U.S. Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit

| 2007-07-31

| [http://www.ca11.uscourts.gov/opinions/ops/200614706.pdf Boim v. Fulton Co. School Dist.]

| 494 F.3d 978

| School shooting
(accessed July 11, 2007)

|

| Alaska Court of Appeals

| 2007-07-25

| [http://weblinks.westlaw.com/Search/default.wl?RP=%2FWelcome%2FFrameless%2FSearch%2Ewl&n=2&bhcp=1&CFID=0&db=AK%2DCS%2DWEB&method=TNC&query=Wikipedia%0D%0A&querytext=Wikipedia%0D%0A&RLT=CLID%5FQRYRLT826911&RLTDB=CLID%5FDB826911&search=Search&SP=AKCS%2D1000&spolt=Return+to+the+Alaska+Case+Law+Service&sposu=http%3A%2F%2Fgovernment%2Ewestlaw%2Ecom%2Fakcases&spou=http%3A%2F%2Fgovernment%2Ewestlaw%2Ecom%2Fakcases&ssl=n&strRecreate=no&submit=Search&sv=Split&tempinfo=word&RS=WEBL7.10&VR=2.0&SPa=AKCS-1000 Stevens v. Matanuska-Susitna Borough]

| Not Reported in P.3d
2007 WL 2143008

| Chippendales dancers

|

| Ontario Workplace Safety and Insurance Appeals Tribunal

| 2007-07-12

| [http://www.canlii.org/en/on/onwsiat/doc/2007/2007onwsiat1785/2007onwsiat1785.html Decision No. 1344/07]

|

| Orthotics

| "I placed little weight on this evidence since it was unauthenticated by a professional. As I understand it, the content placed on Wikipedia can be edited by any user and thus is not reliable for accurate information, especially with regard to questions of medical causation."

| Supreme Court of Victoria

| 2007-07-03

| DPP v Dupas

| {{Cite AustLII|VSC|251|2007}}

| Peter Dupas

| Cited by the defence.

"The defence has applied for a permanent stay of proceedings on the ground of irremediable prejudice such as would preclude the accused having a fair trial on the charge preferred against him. Essentially the defence admission is that the 'ubiquity and pervasiveness' of the accused's reputation as a serial killer is such that no fair trial can now be had."

| U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit

| 2007-07-02

| [http://www.ca9.uscourts.gov/coa/newopinions.nsf/3C5F3B1F60F563108825730C004C4974/$file/0735000.pdf Lands Council v. McNair]

| 494 F.3d 771

| Derrick Jensen

| "According to Wikipedia, Jensen is often labeled an anarcho-primitivist, who is quoted as saying in his book A Language Older Than Words that '[e]very morning when I awake I ask myself whether I should write or blow up a dam. I tell myself I should keep writing, though I'm not sure that's right.'" (some internal quotes omitted)

| Ohio Seventh District Court of Appeals

| 2007-06-29

| [http://www.sconet.state.oh.us/rod/newpdf/7/2007/2007-ohio-3499.pdf Litva v. Village of Richmond]

| 172 Ohio App.3d 349

| Lost Liberty Hotel (accessed April 19, 2007)

|

| U.S. Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit

| 2007-06-29

| [http://www.ca6.uscourts.gov/opinions.pdf/07a0463n-06.pdf Sedrakyan v. Gonzales]

| 237 Fed. Appx. 76

| Yerevan
(accessed June 20, 2007)

| See footnote 1 of the opinion: "An alternate spelling of the city is Erevan." (internal quotes omitted)

| Queensland Body Corporate and Community Management Commissioner

| 2007-06-26

| Miami Villas

| [http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/cases/qld/QBCCMCmr/2007/386.html [2007] QBCCMCmr 386]

| Latticework

|

| Office for Harmonization in the Internal Market, Opposition Decisions

| 2007-06-25

| [http://oami.europa.eu/LegalDocs/Opposition/2007/en/001013764.pdf Reckitt Benckiser Healthcare (UK) Ltd. v. Microfood Poland Sp. z.o.o.]

|

| Ester

|

| Refugee Review Tribunal

| 2007-06-20

| Case no. 071295385

| {{Cite AustLII|RRTA|109|2007}}

| 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake

|

| Office for Harmonization in the Internal Market, Board of Appeals

| 2007-06-19

| [http://oami.europa.eu/LegalDocs/BoA/2006/en/R1136_2006-2.pdf Primavera Life GmbH v. S.A. Spa Monopole N.V.]

|

| SPA

|

| UK Intellectual Property Office

| 2007-06-14

| [http://www.ipo.gov.uk/tm/t-decisionmaking/t-challenge/t-challenge-decision-results/o16907.pdf Formula One Licensing BV v. Racing-Live]

|

| Formula One (accessed May 16, 2006), Formula One engines (accessed December 19, 2005), Formula A (accessed June 12, 2006), Formula 3000 (accessed June 12, 2006), Category:Racing formulas

| "The evidence from Wikipedia deals essentially with the history and background of F1 racing, nothing particularly controversial. Wikipedia has sometimes suffered from the self-editing that is intrinsic to it, giving rise at times to potentially libelous statements. However, inherently, I cannot see that what is in Wikipedia is any less likely to be true than what is published in a book or on the websites of news organisations. Mr McLeod did not express any concerns about the Wikipedia evidence. I consider that the evidence from Wikipedia can be taken at face value."

| Federal Magistrates Court of Australia

| 2007-06-13

| MZXMM v Minister for Immigration

| {{Cite AustLII|FMCA|975|2007}}

| Armenian Apostolic Church

| Thorough discussion of the reliability of Wikipedia:

"Whilst Wikipedia and the web site which is the subject of the present application which is a branch of Wikipedia may loosely be described as an 'information source', the unreliability of that information for the reasons given renders it an irrelevant source. By relying upon it the Tribunal has committed jurisdictional error."

| U.S. Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit

| 2007-06-12

| [http://www.ca7.uscourts.gov/tmp/821FG1DJ.pdf U.S. v. Calabrese]

| 490 F.3d 575

| Chicago Outfit
(accessed June 1, 2007)

|

| U.S. Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit

| 2007-06-08

| [http://www.ca10.uscourts.gov/opinions/06/06-9565.pdf Tandia v. Gonzales]

| No. 06-9565

| Kaédi
(accessed May 21, 2007)

|

| Court of Quebec

| 2007-06-04

| [http://www.canlii.org/en/qc/qccq/doc/2007/2007qccq6444/2007qccq6444.html Chéné c. Simard]

|

| Document

|

| Office for Harmonization in the Internal Market, Board of Appeals

| 2007-05-31

| [http://oami.europa.eu/LegalDocs/BoA/2007/en/R0108_2007-2.pdf TridonicAtco GmbH & Co. KG]

| R 108/2007-2

| [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special%3ASearch&search=%22Intelligent+Voltage+Guard%22 Fruitless search for "Intelligent Voltage Guard"]

| Cited by the applicant. An appeal (T-0297/07) against the decision before the Court of First Instance is pending.

| Refugee Review Tribunal

| 2007-05-31

| Case no. 071176241

| {{Cite AustLII|RRTA|89|2007}}

| Extradition

|

| United States District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania

| 2007-05-30

| [http://pub.bna.com/eclr/064925_053007.pdf Bragg v. Linden Lab]

| 2:06-cv-04925-ER (2007) Civil Action NO. 06-4925

| Avatar

| Eduardo C. Robreno, J.: "The term “avatar” derives etymologically from the Sanskrit word for crossing down or descent and was used originally to refer to the earthly incarnation of a Hindu deity. Webster’s II New Riverside University Dictionary 141 (1998). Since the advent of computers, however, “avatar” is also used to

refer to an Internet user’s virtual representation of herself in a computer game, in an Internet chat room, or in other Internet fora. See Wikipedia, Definition of Avatar, available at http://en.wikipedia.org."

| United States District Court for the Middle District of Florida, Tampa Division

| 2007-05-24

| [https://www.leagle.com/decision/20071442510fsupp2d93211361 Tilton v. Playboy Entertainment Group, Inc.]

| 510 F.Supp.2d 932 (2007)

| Bass music

| U.S. District Judge James S. Moody Jr.: The DJ began "getting the crowd³ hyped up," and started playing "booty music"⁴ while the contestants began to dance. [Footnote 4. "Booty music" also known as Miami bass, is a type of hip hop music that became popular in the 1980s and 1990s and was largely based in Miami and other places in Florida. The genre, which has a slightly higher dance tempo and occasional sexually explicit lyrical content, includes groups like 2 Live Crew. See [link to Wikipedia article Bass music] (cleaned up).

| Texas Court of Appeals

| 2007-05-24

| Freeman v. State

| No. 11-05-00254-CR

| Demographics of Dallas County, Texas

| See footnote 1: "The State does not concede the accuracy of Freeman's statement, contending that, as of the 2000 census, African-Americans comprised 20.31% of Dallas County's population."

| Office for Harmonization in the Internal Market, Opposition Decisions

| 2007-05-23

| [http://oami.europa.eu/LegalDocs/Opposition/2007/en/000721060.pdf American-Cigarette Company (Overseas) Ltd. v. Philip Morris Products S.A.]

|

| Tobacco

|

| Office for Harmonization in the Internal Market, Board of Appeals

| 2007-05-23

| [http://oami.europa.eu/LegalDocs/BoA/2006/en/R0212_2006-1.pdf Huesker Synthetic GmbH v. DIFEL MÁRMOL, S.L.]

|

| Building material

| The board comments the reliance on Wikipedia in the contested decision in the of 2005-12-19 (see infra):

"After repeating the goods of the conflicting trade marks in issue, the Opposition Division defined the term 'building materials'. It referred to a definition taken from some 'Wikipedia' page which seems to be excessively broad, which nevertheless remained uncontested by the parties."

| Supreme Court of Louisiana

| 2007-05-22

| [http://www.lasc.org/opinions/2007/05KA1981.opn.pdf State v. Kennedy]

| 957 So. 2d 757

| Capital punishment in the United States (accessed Feb 21, 2007)

|

| Federal Magistrates Court of Australia

| 2007-05-17

| SZIYI v Minister for Immigration

| {{Cite AustLII|FMCA|679|2007}}

|

| Unsuccessful complaint by one of the parties about the first court's reliance on Wikipedia:

"The Tribunal identified the independent information to which it had regard and the source of that information. It was not confined to material obtained from Wikipedia. It included information from various other human rights sources..."

| Administrative Appeals Tribunal

| 2007-05-16

| Re Fairhall

| {{Cite AustLII|AATA|1323|2007}}

| Therapeutic jurisprudence

|

| Superior Court of Connecticut, Judicial District of Middlesex

| 2007-05-10

| In re Alex O.

| No. H12-CP03-009053-C

| Hair drug testing

|

| Federal Magistrates Court of Australia

| 2007-05-10

| Thongsuk v Minister for Immigration

| {{Cite AustLII|FMCA|655|2007}}

| Chef

| Cited by one of the parties.

| Federal Magistrates Court of Australia

| 2007-05-09

| SZJTD v Minister for Immigration

| {{Cite AustLII|FMCA|234|2007}}

| Indian National Lok Dal

| Cited by the court of first instance.

| U.S. Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit

| 2007-05-07

| [http://www.ca7.uscourts.gov/tmp/821FG1DR.pdf Courtney v. Halleran]

| 485 F.3d 942

| Savings and Loan crisis
(accessed April 24, 2007)

|

| U.S. Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit

| 2007-05-04

| [http://www.ca6.uscourts.gov/opinions.pdf/07a0156p-06.pdf Matthews v. Ishee]

| 486 F.3d 883

| Sarcasm
(accessed March 23, 2007)

|

| Federal Court

| 2007-05-04

| [http://decisions.fct-cf.gc.ca/en/2007/2007fc489/2007fc489.html Hassaballa v. Minister for Citizenship and Immigration]

|

|

| Cites the reservations against the use of Wikipedia from [http://decisions.fct-cf.gc.ca/en/2006/2006fc1125/2006fc1125.html Fi v. Canada] (see below).

| Swiss Federal Supreme Court

| 2007-05-03

| [http://jumpcgi.bger.ch/cgi-bin/JumpCGI?id=03.05.2007_I_871_06 BGE I 871/06]

|

| :de:Volleyball

| First citation by the Federal Supreme Court of Switzerland.

| Victorian Civil and Administrative Tribunal

| 2007-05-03

| Boeing Australia Holdings Pty Ltd

| {{Cite AustLII|VCAT|532|2007}}

| Elephant in the room

|

| Supreme Court of Michigan

| 2007-05-02

| [http://courtofappeals.mijud.net/DOCUMENTS/OPINIONS/FINAL/SCT/20070502_S130379_63_rowland13oct06-op.pdf Rowland v. Washtenaw County Rd. Comm'n]

| 731 N.W.2d. 41
477 Mich 197

| Ad hominem
(accessed March 9, 2007)

| | Cited in the partly concurring, partly dissenting opinion of Judge Kelly.

| Workers Compensation Commission of New South Wales

| 2007-04-13

| Electrolux Home Products Pty Ltd v. Osborne

| [http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/cases/nsw/NSWWCCPD/2007/95.html [2007] NSWWCCPD 95]

| Carpal tunnel syndrome

|

| U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit

| 2007-04-10

| [http://pdfdownload.04340.com/pdf2html.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ca5.uscourts.gov%2Fopinions%255Cpub%255C06%2F06-60276-CV0.wpd.pdf Exxon Mobil Corp. v. Commissioner]

| 484 F.3d 731

| Accrual
(accessed March 23, 2007)

| See footnote 1 of the opinion: "The word 'accrue' is an accounting term that means to record or calculate an item of income or expense that has not yet been paid."

| U.S. Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit

| 2007-04-05

| [http://www.ca7.uscourts.gov/tmp/821FG1E2.pdf Crawford v. Marion County Election Bd. ]

| 484 F.3d 436

| Washington gubernatorial election, 2004, Florida's 13th congressional district, Jon Tester
(accessed March 22, 2007)

|

| Austrian Supreme Court

| 2007-03-29

| [http://www.ris.bka.gv.at/taweb-cgi/taweb?x=d&o=d&v=jus&d=JUST&i=88874&p=1&q=(JJT/20070329/OGH0002/0030OB00277/06S0000/000)%3ADOKNR 3Ob277/06s]

|

| :de:Neusiedler See

| First citation by the Austrian Supreme Court.

| Office for Harmonization in the Internal Market, Board of Appeals

| 2007-03-29

| [http://oami.europa.eu/LegalDocs/BoA/2006/en/R0252_2006-1.pdf Telesis Entwicklungs- und Management GmbH v. Telesis Communications France SARL]

|

| Telesis
(accessed Apr 10, 2006)

| Cited by the applicant.

| Office for Harmonization in the Internal Market, Opposition Decisions

| 2007-03-28

| [http://oami.europa.eu/LegalDocs/Opposition/2007/en/000796278.pdf E-Plus Mobilfunk GmbH & Co. KG v. Level 3 Communications, Inc.]

|

|

| The article cited by the opponent is not identified; presumably it is :de:E-Plus.

"In the case at hand, to prove the higher degree of distinctiveness, the opponent merely submitted an excerpt from the online encyclopaedia "Wikipedia" to show that the opponent's company is the third largest mobile operator in Germany with more than 8.5 million subscribers as of 2004. The Office points out that this kind of evidence alone is not at all sufficient to prove a higher than normal degree of distinctiveness."

| Office for Harmonization in the Internal Market, Opposition Decisions

| 2007-03-27

| [http://oami.europa.eu/LegalDocs/Opposition/2007/en/000762544.pdf Volkswagen AG v. Suzuki Motor Corp.]

|

|

| The article cited by the applicant is not identified; presumably it is :de:GTI.

| Office for Harmonization in the Internal Market, Board of Appeals

| 2007-03-23

| [http://oami.europa.eu/LegalDocs/BoA/2006/en/R1633_2006-1.pdf BSB Entertainment, Inc.]

| R 1633/2006-1

| Bachelor's degree

|

| Ontario Consent and Capacity Board

| 2007-03-22

| [http://www.canlii.org/en/on/onccb/doc/2007/2007canlii20044/2007canlii20044.html M.L. (Re)]

|

|

| "The self-diagnosis of his symptoms was gleaned from the Wikipedia online encyclopaedia which simplistically enabled Mr. M.L. to determine that he suffers from post traumatic stress syndrome, fictitious syndrome, disassociative syndrome or borderline personality disorder. Regrettably, Mr. M.L.'s belief that his self-diagnosis of his mental condition is to be preferred to the professional opinion of a licensed psychiatrist is compelling evidence that he fails to understand that he is ill. Therefore, the Panel concludes that Mr. M.L. lacks insight and is therefore incapable of considering information relevant to making treatment decisions."

| Office for Harmonization in the Internal Market, Opposition Decisions

| 2007-03-20

| [http://oami.europa.eu/LegalDocs/Opposition/2007/en/000816209.pdf FIAT S.P.A. v. R82 A/S]

|

| Fiat Panda

| "Although the opponent could have submitted more evidence in order to show the reputation of the earlier mark, the Office finds that the abstract from Wikipedia is a strong indication of the reputation acquired by the mark "FIAT PANDA" among the general public in all the territory of the European Union."

| Refugee Review Tribunal

| 2007-03-19

| Case no. 071105908

| {{Cite AustLII|RRTA|52|2007}}

| Hezbollah, Military of Lebanon#Conscription

|

| Administrative Appeals Tribunal

| 2007-03-16

| Re Crook

| {{Cite AustLII|AATA|1253|2007}}

| Therapeutic jurisprudence

|

| U.S. Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit

| 2007-03-13

| [http://www.ca7.uscourts.gov/tmp/1L1FFRUT.pdf Ross v. RJM Acquisitions Funding LLC]

| 480 F.3d 493

| Soundex, Approximate string matching

| Opinion by Posner, J.

| Quebec Superior Court

| 2007-03-13

| [http://www.jugements.qc.ca/php/decision.php?liste=25770043&doc=07025C4609091C04 Boudreau v. Violo]

|

| Hedge

|

| Migration Review Tribunal

| 2007-03-12

| Case no. 060614374

| [http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/cases/cth/MRTA/2007/98.html [2007] MRTA 98]

| Marriage in Pakistan

|

| Office for Harmonization in the Internal Market, Board of Appeals

| 2007-03-07

| [http://oami.europa.eu/LegalDocs/BoA/2006/en/R0502_2006-1.pdf Becker v. Harman International Industries, Inc.]

|

| Becker, Barbara Becker, Family name

| The board is sceptical when considering the first two articles, cited by the applicant:

"However, Wikipedia is an open-source website, where anybody may submit information for publication. It is not reviewed and cannot be considered as a definitive guideline."

"Regarding the fame of the applicant, the scant evidence therefore is a very short extract from the unsubstantiated website Wikipedia, stating that the applicant 'hopes to be active as a fashion designer'. The Office, in accordance with its usual practices, cannot consider this to be adequate evidence that the applicant is 'well-known' as claimed."

As to the third article, cited by the opponent, the board has a more favorable view: "An article from Wikipedia is submitted, concerning family names in countries all over the world. It shows that there are so many differences between linguistic practices that it is obvious that one name can only be very common in one country."

An appeal (T-0212/07) against the decision before the Court of First Instance is pending.

| Office for Harmonization in the Internal Market, Board of Appeals

| 2007-03-05

| [http://oami.europa.eu/LegalDocs/BoA/2006/en/R0533_2006-2.pdf Red Bull GmbH v. Incorporated Beverages (Jersey) Ltd.]

|

| Mixed drink shooters and drink shots

|

| Office for Harmonization in the Internal Market, Board of Appeals

| 2007-02-28

| [http://oami.europa.eu/LegalDocs/BoA/2006/en/R0401_2006-2.pdf Memetrics Holdings Pty Ltd. v. Metrics In Marketing, S.A.]

|

| Metrics

|

| Administrative Appeals Tribunal

| 2007-02-28,
2007-02-20

| Re Collier,
Re Carter

| {{Cite AustLII|AATA|1134|2007}}
{{Cite AustLII|AATA|1101|2007}}

| Therapeutic jurisprudence

|

| U.S. Tax Court

| 2007-02-28

| [http://www.ustaxcourt.gov/InOpHistoric/Ferg.SUM.WPD.pdf Ferguson v. Commissioner of Internal Revenue]

| T.C. Summary Op. 2007-30

| Video poker, Expected value, Progressive jackpot

| "Pursuant to Internal Revenue Code Section 7463(b), this opinion may not be treated as precedent for any other case."

| Nominet UK Dispute Resolution Service

| 2007-02-27

| [http://www.bailii.org/uk/cases/DRS/2007/4261.html Clark Equipment Co. v. Hamlen]

|

| Bobcat

| Cited by one of the parties.

| Superior Court of Connecticut, Judicial District of Middlesex

| 2007-02-23

| In re Melody L.

| 43 Conn. L. Rptr. 140

| Hair drug testing

|

| U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit

| 2007-02-22

| [http://pacer.ca4.uscourts.gov/opinion.pdf/066126.P.pdf Ordinola v. Hackman]

| 478 F.3d 588

| Calcium oxide
(accessed Nov 29 2006)

| See footnote 4 of the opinion: "Lime, or calcium oxide (CaO), is commonly used in the burial of bodies in open graves because the compound suppresses the odor of decomposing bodies. See Wikipedia, Calcium oxide"

| U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York

| 2007-02-21

| [http://www.nylawyer.com/adgifs/decisions/081307francis.pdf Alfa Co. v. OAO Alfa Bank]

| 475 F. Supp. 2d 357

| Transliteration of Russian into English

| Thorough discussion of Wikipedia as judicial source and of relevant precedent.

| Asylum and Immigration Tribunal

| 2007-02-20

| [http://www.bailii.org/uk/cases/UKIAT/2007/00017.html MA v. Secretary of State]

|

| Allenby Bridge
(accessed July 7, 2006)

|

| Refugee Review Tribunal

| 2007-02-19

| Case no. 061020230

| {{Cite AustLII|RRTA|19|2007}}

| Jaffna

|

| Nominet UK Dispute Resolution Service

| 2007-02-16

| [http://www.bailii.org/uk/cases/DRS/2007/4344.html Michael Page International v. Domain Administration]

|

| Typosquatting

|

| Federal Magistrates Court of Australia

| 2007-02-15

| NAGG of 2002 v Minister of Immigration

| {{Cite AustLII|FMCA|84|2007}}

| Politician

| Cited by one of the parties.

| Superior Court of Connecticut

| 2007-02-05

| Bloomdahl v. Wolf

| 13 Conn. Ops. 177

| Helicopter parent
(as of 14:30, January 28, 2007)

|

| Indiana Court of Appeals

| 2007-02-02

| [http://www.binghammchale.com/Content/DocumentDownloads/02020701tac.pdf Cincinnati Ins. Co. v. Davis]

| 860 N.E.2d 915

| Saddle valve
(accessed Dec 28, 2006)

| From footnote 1 of the opinion: "A saddle valve is a valve used to supply liquid where a low volume, low pressure stream is required. The name is derived from the fact that it is mounted in such a way that it 'saddles' the line, mounting it from both sides."

| Washington Supreme Court

| 2007-02-01

| [http://srch.mrsc.org:8080/wacourts/template.htm?view=browse&doc_action=setHitDoc&doc_hit=5 Pub. Util. Dist. No. 2 of Grant County v. N. Am. Foreign Trade Zone Indus., LLC]

| 151 P.3d 176

| Sherlock Holmes
(as of Jan 29, 2007)

| Cited in the dissenting opinion of Judge Chambers.

| Michigan Court of Appeals

| 2007-02-01

| [http://courtofappeals.mijud.net/DOCUMENTS/OPINIONS/FINAL/COA/20070201_C271488_39_271488.OPN.PDF Fergison v. Stonebridge Life Ins. Co. ]

| 2007 WL 286793
App. No. 271488

| Recreational vehicle

|

| Office for Harmonization in the Internal Market, Opposition Decisions

| 2007-02-01

| [http://oami.europa.eu/LegalDocs/Opposition/2007/en/000909541.pdf Allter, S.L. v. Alternova A/S]

|

| Essential oil

|

| Office for Harmonization in the Internal Market, Opposition Decisions

| 2007-01-30

| [http://oami.europa.eu/LegalDocs/Opposition/2007/en/000839557.pdf Invensys Systems, Inc. v. 4Production AG]

|

| Software suite

|

| Washington Supreme Court

| 2007-01-25

| [http://www.courts.wa.gov/opinions/pdf/769508.opn.pdf State v. O'Neal]

| 150 P.3d 1121 (en banc)

| AR-15
(accessed Jan 23, 2007)

|

| Office for Harmonization in the Internal Market, Board of Appeals

| 2007-01-22

| [http://oami.europa.eu/LegalDocs/BoA/2006/en/R1392_2006-2.pdf Lucasfilm Ltd.]

| R 1392/2006-2

| Stormtrooper, Imperial stormtrooper

|

| Ontario Superior Court of Justice

| 2007-01-19

| [http://www.canlii.org/en/on/onsc/doc/2007/2007canlii742/2007canlii742.html R. v. Walkem]

| 2007 742 (ON SC)

|

| "When one Googles the phrase 'sexually transmitted diseases' you generate in excess of a million results (...) There is virtually no limit to the amount of information that can be accessed by a university bound or partially trained person living in Toronto in the 21st Century, even without resorting to the font of all information for 20 and 30 year olds, Wikipedia."

| Superior Court of Delaware, New Castle County

| 2007-01-19

| [http://courts.state.de.us/opinions/(e34bweafrswnjc550hpop4nr)/download.aspx?ID=87280 State v. Cooke]

| 914 A.2d 1078

| CSI effect

| See opinion, id., at 1083: "Widespread media coverage of criminal trials and the popularity of television programs such as C.S.I. Crime Scene Investigation ... have had the effect of developing unrealistic and preconceived notions in juror's minds about the availability and precision of forensic evidence in criminal trials. If not confronted by prosecutors, this so called "C.S.I. Effect" can lead to a misapprehension of the evidence actually introduced or encourage improper speculation by jurors during their deliberations ... See also Wikipedia"

| IP Australia

| 2007-01-18

| Pioneer KK v Pioneer Computers

| {{Cite AustLII|ATMO|24|2007}}

| Peripheral device

|

| Office for Harmonization in the Internal Market, Opposition Decisions

| 2007-01-18

| [http://oami.europa.eu/LegalDocs/Opposition/2007/en/000764706.pdf Font Vella, S.A. v. Mathlouthi]

|

| :es:DEA

|

| Court of Quebec

| 2007-01-17

| [http://www.jugements.qc.ca/php/decision.php?liste=25770121&doc=0757034156591B01 Singh v. Québec Inc.]

|

| Automatic transmission

| "The Court wanting more information to determine whether the torque converter was part of the automatic transmission of a car consulted the Wikipedia free encyclopaedia on the web."

| Refugee Review Tribunal

| 2007-01-11

| Case no. 060562872

| {{Cite AustLII|RRTA|204|2007}}

| Shan

|

| U.S. Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit

| 2007-01-10

| [http://www.ca11.uscourts.gov/unpub/ops/200612276.pdf Gashi v. U.S. AG]

| No. 06-12276 (Unpublished)

| Ibrahim Rugova

| See opinion: "First, Gashi submitted a biography of Ibrahim Rugova from the Wikipedia website, which indicated that Rugova was the president of Kosovo and the LDK and had died on January 21, 2006." (footnote omitted)

| U.S. Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit

| 2007-01-09

| [http://www.ca7.uscourts.gov/tmp/8A1FFXML.pdf U.S. v. Radomski]

| 473 F.3d 728

| Andrew Golota

| See opinion by Posner, J., id. at 731: "Radomski is a former trainer of the Polish boxer Andrew Golota—the world's most colorful boxer. See [link to article]."

| Refugee Review Tribunal

| 2007-01-09

| Case no. 060837625

| {{Cite AustLII|RRTA|7|2007}}

| Elie Hobeika

|

| Refugee Review Tribunal

| 2006-12-14

| Case no. 060748603

| {{Cite AustLII|RRTA|231|2006}}

| Tibetan Buddhism

| "As a starting point, the Tribunal referred to Wikipedia..."

| Board of Appeal of the European Patent Office

| 2006-12-13

| [https://www.epo.org/law-practice/case-law-appeals/recent/t040630eu1.html Rhein Chemie Rheinau v. Bridgestone Co.]

| T 0630/04

| Carbon black

| Cited by one of the parties.

| Court of Queen's Bench of Alberta

| 2006-12-05

| [http://www.canlii.org/ab/cas/abqb/2006/2006abqb869.html Build-A-Vest Structures Inc. v. Red Deer (City)]

| 29 M.L.P.R. (4th) 210 (Alta. Q.B.)

| Funeral home

|

| Office for Harmonization in the Internal Market, Opposition Decisions

| 2006-12-04

| [http://oami.europa.eu/LegalDocs/Opposition/2006/en/000787434.pdf Mediatek Inc. v. Micron Technology, Inc.]

|

| Semiconductor device

|

| Nominet UK Dispute Resolution Service

| 2006-12-04

| [http://www.bailii.org/uk/cases/DRS/2006/4118.html National Coll for School Leadership Ltd. v. Allan]

|

| Typosquatting

|

| Refugee Review Tribunal

| 2006-11-29

| Case no. 060860015

| {{Cite AustLII|RRTA|210|2007}}

| Khon Kaen Province

|

| Administrative Appeals Tribunal

| 2006-11-28

| MacDonald and Comcare

| {{Cite AustLII|AATA|1012|2006}}

| Ataxia

| Cited by one of the parties.

| Office for Harmonization in the Internal Market, Opposition Decisions

| 2006-11-15

| [http://oami.europa.eu/LegalDocs/Opposition/2006/en/000796773.pdf Kaman Music Corp. v. Mühlbauer]

|

| Jam block

|

| Office for Harmonization in the Internal Market, Opposition Decisions

| 2006-11-14

| [http://oami.europa.eu/LegalDocs/Opposition/2006/en/000240889.pdf Backer v. Societé générale provencale d'achat et de gestion]

|

| :de:Hooligan

| The board justifies its reliance upon Wikipedia with a quote from an opinion of the Court of First Instance:

" 'The dictionaries in the language of the relevant public may, as a rule, be taken into consideration in that respect, both by the first instance at OHIM and by the boards of appeal, even if they have not been put to the parties, because they are, a priori, well-known facts. The dictionaries provide a pertinent indication of the correct pronunciation of the word in question in the host language, although there is no guarantee that that pronunciation is the one actually used in everyday speech. Moreover, the knowledge which the various bodies of OHIM may have as a result of the nationalities of its officials or members may well confirm information used in establishing the average consumer's pronunciation.' (Court of First Instance on 01/02./2005, T-57/03 - HOOLIGAN/OLLY GAN, paragraph 59; German version printed in GRUR Int. 2005, 489; an OJ OHIM 2005, 624)."

| Office for Harmonization in the Internal Market, Board of Appeals

| 2006-11-10

| [http://oami.europa.eu/LegalDocs/BoA/2005/en/R1465_2005-4.pdf NewBay Software Ltd.]

| R 1465/2005-4

| Moblog

|

| Court of Appeals

| 2006-11-10

| [http://www.asianlii.org/ph/cases/PHCA/2006/2706.pdf People v. Pecson]

| G.R. CR. No. 2957

| Diesel engine

|

| California Court of Appeal

| 2006-11-09

| In re Carleisha P.

| 50 Cal. Rptr. 3d 777

| Ammunition
(as of Nov 9, 2006)

| See opinion, id. at 782: "The Wikipedia Encyclopedia states that 'ammunition' is a 'generic military term meaning (the assembly of) a projectile and its propellant.' Hence, one bullet can be 'ammunition.'" (emphasis in original)

| Office for Harmonization in the Internal Market, Opposition Decisions

| 2006-11-07

| [[http://oami.europa.eu/LegalDocs/Opposition/2006/en/000740854.pdf Mundipharma AG v. Microsulis Ltd.]

|

| Science

|

| WIPO Arbitration and Mediation Center

| 2006-11-06

| [http://www.wipo.int/amc/en/domains/decisions/html/2006/d2006-1140.html N.M.Rothschild & Sons Ltd. v. Land Exchange, Inc.]

|

| Rothschild banking family of England

|

| Refugee Review Tribunal

| 2006-10-27

| Case no. 060631942, 060634430, 060634388

| {{Cite AustLII|RRTA|192|2006}}

| Primary Indian Castes

|

| Alaska Court of Appeals

| 2006-10-27

| [http://weblinks.westlaw.com/Search/default.wl?RP=%2FWelcome%2FFrameless%2FSearch%2Ewl&n=1&CFID=0&DB=AK%2DCS%2DWEB&Method=TNC&Query=DN%28A%2D9025%29&RLT=CLID%5FQRYRLT5786911&RLTDB=CLID%5FDB5586911&tempinfo=docket&RS=WEBL7.10&VR=2.0&SPa=AKCS-1000 Smart v. State]

| 146 P.3d 15

| Palladium (mythology)

|

| Office for Harmonization in the Internal Market, Opposition Decisions

| 2006-10-27

| [http://oami.europa.eu/LegalDocs/Opposition/2006/en/000776619.pdf Nordmilch eG v. Molkerei Alois Müller GmbH & Co.]

|

| Chutney, Relish, Müller

|

| Philippine Supreme Court

| 2006-10-25

| [http://www.supremecourt.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2006/october2006/174153_sandoval-gutierrez.htm Lambino v. COMELEC]

| G.R. No. 174153

| Vox populi, vox Dei

| Concurring opinion of Associate Justice Sandoval-Gutierrez.

| Refugee Review Tribunal

| 2006-10-23

| Case no. 060490641

| {{Cite AustLII|RRTA|162|2006}}

| Gujarat

|

| Utah Supreme Court

| 2006-10-20

| [http://www.utcourts.gov/opinions/supopin/Alverez102006.pdf State v. Alverez]

| 147 P.3d 425
2006 UT 61

| Jesus Malverde
(as of Oct 6, 2006)

| See opinion: "While this court professes no special expertise in hagiology or folklore, some independent research reveals that Jesus Malverde is not exclusively or historically associated with the drug culture. He is a regional folk hero, in the tradition of Robin Hood, who is popular among the poor and disadvantaged of the Mexican state of Sinaloa."

| Texas Court of Criminal Appeals

| 2006-10-18

| Watson v. State

| 204 S.W.3d 404 n.17

| Faro (card-game)
(as of Sept 1, 2006)

| See footnote 17 in the opinion: "The card game faro 'enjoyed great popularity during the . . . 19th Century in the United States . . . where it was practiced by Faro dealers such as the infamous Doc Holliday.'" (some internal quotes omitted)

| Office for Harmonization in the Internal Market, Board of Appeals

| 2006-10-13

| [http://oami.europa.eu/LegalDocs/BoA/2006/en/R0128_2006-2.pdf Eroski, S. Coop. v. Nordmilch eG]

|

| Soft drink

|

| U.S. District Court of Utah

| 2006-10-04

| SCO v. IBM

| No. 2:03CV-0294 DAK (Defense exhibit)

| Unix

| [http://www.groklaw.net/article.php?story=2006101412315819 Exhibit # 391 by IBM.]

| Office for Harmonization in the Internal Market, Board of Appeals

| 2006-10-03

| [http://oami.europa.eu/LegalDocs/BoA/2006/en/R0281_2006-2.pdf Lakai, Ltd. v. T-Shirts International S.A.]

|

| Extreme sport

| Cyprus Commission for the Protection of Competition

| 2006-10-03

| [http://www.cylaw.org/apofaseis/epa/2006/18.pdf Sonae Industria SGPS S.A. and Darbo S.A.S]

|

|

| Office for Harmonization in the Internal Market, Board of Appeals

| 2006-09-29

| Matsushita Electric Works, Ltd.
[http://oami.europa.eu/LegalDocs/BoA/2006/en/R0774_2006-2.pdf Matsushita Electric Works, Ltd. (Case 774)], [http://oami.europa.eu/LegalDocs/BoA/2006/en/R0405_2006-2.pdf (Case 405)]

| R 774/2006-2
R 405/2006-2

| Machine vision, Image

|

| Refugee Review Tribunal

| 2006-09-29

| Case no. 060508093

| {{Cite AustLII|RRTA|164|2006}}

| Indian Union Muslim League, Panchayat

|

| Massachusetts Superior Court, Suffolk County

| 2006-09-28

| Commonwealth v. Meeks

| Crim. No. 2002-10961

| Pistol slide
(as of Sept 25, 2006)

| See footnote 73: "An on-line encyclopedia provides the following: 'The slide is the part of a semi-automatic pistol that moves during the operating cycle and generally houses the firing pin or striker, extractor, and serves as the bolt face. It is spring loaded so that once it has moved to its rearmost point in the firing cycle, spring tension brings it back to chamber a fresh cartridge."

| U.S. Patent and Trademark Office

| 2006-09-28

| [http://www.uspto.gov/web/offices/com/sol/foia/ttab/2eissues/2006/78430225.pdf In re Thoroughbred Legends, LLC]

| No. 78430194

| Kelso (horse)

| "The examining attorney's sole support for her contention that KELSO is a race horse is a reference to Wikipedia; however, applicant has conceded that KELSO is the name of a now-deceased and well-known race horse. Br. p. 5. Thus, our determination as to the significance of the name KELSO does not rely on the Wikipedia reference."

| Office for Harmonization in the Internal Market, Opposition Decisions

| 2006-09-28

| [http://oami.europa.eu/LegalDocs/Opposition/2006/en/000751109.pdf Bodegas y Vinedos Pascual Toso S.A. v. Bodegas San Valero, Sociedad cooperativa]

|

| :es:Tosos

|

| U.S. Patent and Trademark Office

| 2006-09-27

| [http://www.uspto.gov/web/offices/com/sol/foia/ttab/2eissues/2006/76606585.pdf In re Cosmetic Dermatology, Inc.]

| Nos. 76606583,
76606584,
76606585

| Brandt

| Cited by the examining attorney.

| Office for Harmonization in the Internal Market, Opposition Decisions

| 2006-09-25

| [http://oami.europa.eu/LegalDocs/Opposition/2006/en/000719148.pdf Iron Maiden Holdings Ltd. v. New Allied Com, Ltd.]

|

| Iron maiden (torture device)

|

| WIPO Arbitration and Mediation Center

| 2006-09-23

| [http://www.wipo.int/amc/en/domains/decisions/html/2006/d2006-0964.html Media General Communications, Inc. v. Rarenames, WebReg]

|

| Call sign

| The case involved a domain name dispute in accordance with the UDRP.

| Office for Harmonization in the Internal Market, Board of Appeals

| 2006-09-21

| [http://oami.europa.eu/LegalDocs/BoA/2006/en/R0164_2006-1.pdf O2 (Germany) GmbH & Co. OHG v. Nokia Corp.]

|

| Loop

|

| Office for Harmonization in the Internal Market, Opposition Decisions

| 2006-09-20

| [http://oami.europa.eu/LegalDocs/Opposition/2006/en/000733305.pdf Ferrer v. The Cartoon Network LP, LLLP]

|

| Toonami

|

| Federal Court

| 2006-09-19

| [http://decisions.fct-cf.gc.ca/en/2006/2006fc1125/2006fc1125.html Fi v. Canada (Minister of Citizenship and Immigration)]

| IMM‑2091‑06
2006 FC 1125

|

| "In particular, the use of information from the Wikipedia website is highly questionable, as the reliability of its sources has not been demonstrated to the Court."

| Social Security Appeal Authority

| 2006-09-13

| [http://www.nzlii.org/nz/cases/NZSSAA/2006/69.html Decision No. 069/06]

|

| Social Security (United States)

| Cited by one of the parties.

| Texas Court of Appeals

| 2006-09-13

| Living Ctrs. of Tex., Inc. v. Penalver

| 217 S.W.3d 44

| [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=T-4_Euthanasia_Program&oldid=70794293 T-4 Euthanasia Program]
(as of Aug 20, 2006)

| Exeplary use of a permanent link to Wikipedia.

| Federal Magistrates Court of Australia

| 2006-09-07

| Coolstar Holdings Pty Ltd v Cleary Ors

| {{Cite AustLII|FMCA|1442|2006}}

| History of Dubai

|

| Supreme Court of Louisiana

| 2006-09-06

| Lawson v. Mitsubishi Motor Sales of Am., Inc.

| 938 So.2d 35

| Short circuit
(as of Feb 14, 2006)

| See footnote 12: "According to the online encyclopedia Wikipedia, '[a] short circuit (sometimes known as simply a short) is a fault whereby electricity moves through a circuit in an unintended path, usually due to a connection forming where none was expected. This unintended path often has a very low resistance which means that a much larger current than normal flows, potentially causing overheating, fire or explosion.'"

| Wisconsin Court of Appeals, District II

| 2006-09-06

| [http://www.wicourts.gov/ca/opinion/DisplayDocument.pdf?content=pdf&seqNo=26373 Washington County v. Wagner]

| No. 2006AP532-FT (Unpublished), affirmed, 724 NW 2d 274

| Backstory
(as of Aug 24, 2006)

| See footnote 3: "In narratology, a back-story (also back story or backstory) is defined as: [T]he history behind the situation extant at the start of the main story. This literary device is often employed to lend the main story depth or verisimilitude. A back-story may include the history of characters, objects, countries, or other elements of the main story. Back-stories are usually revealed, sketchily or in full, chronologically or otherwise, as the main narrative unfolds. However, a story creator may also create portions of a back-story or even an entire back-story that is solely for his or her own use in writing the main story and is never revealed in the main story. In role-playing games, a character’s back-story is usually called his or her background."

| Indiana Court of Appeals

| 2006-08-31

| [http://www.in.gov/judiciary/opinions/pdf/08310603tac.pdf Property Owners Ins. Co. V. Ted's Tavern, Inc.]

| No. 73A01-0602-CV-49

| Intoxication
(accessed Aug 10, 2006)

| See opinion: "Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, intoxication ... redirects user to 'drunkenness,' which 'in its most common usage, is the state of being intoxicated with ethyl alcohol to a sufficient degree to impair mental and motor functioning.'" (internal parenthesis removed)

| U.S. Patent and Trademark Office, Trial and Appeal Board

| 2006-08-24

| [http://www.uspto.gov/web/offices/com/sol/foia/ttab/2eissues/2006/76583583.pdf In re Light Effects, Inc.]

| No. 76583583

| Mosaic

| Cited by the applicant.

| U.S. Court of Appeals for the First Circuit

| 2006-08-22

| [http://www.ca1.uscourts.gov/pdf.opinions/05-1970-01A.pdf Phillips v. Pembroke Real Estate, Inc.]

| 459 F.3d 128

| Berne Convention, Bicycle Wheel
(accessed July 27, 2006)

| See footnote 3, quoting Wikipedia: "The Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works, usually known as the Berne Convention, is an international agreement about copyright, which was first adopted in Berne, Switzerland in 1886. It was developed at the instigation of Victor Hugo, and was thus influenced by the French 'right of the author' (droit d'auteur), which contrasts with the Anglo-Saxon concept of 'copyright', which has only been concerned with economic protection."

| U.S. Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit

| 2006-08-21

| [http://pacer.ca4.uscourts.gov/opinion.pdf/066126.P.pdf Reuland v. Hynes]

| 460 F.3d 409

| Bronx, Manhattan, Brooklyn

| Cited in footnote 1 of the dissenting opinion of Judge Winter: "Calculated from ... and the land area of each place, Wikipedia"

| U.S. Patent and Trademark Office

| 2006-08-07

| [http://www.uspto.gov/web/offices/com/sol/foia/ttab/2aissues/2006/78361172.pdf In re Mexico 69 SRL]

| No. 78361172

| De puta madre

| Cited by the examining attorney as well as by the applicant.

| U.S. Patent and Trademark Office

| 2006-08-04

| [http://www.uspto.gov/web/offices/com/sol/foia/ttab/2eissues/2006/76626384.pdf In re Douglas Elslager]

| No. 76626384

| .info

| "Although we are aware that there are some questions about the accuracy of information in Wikipedia, because the Examining Attorney made this excerpt of record with the first Office action, and because applicant has not challenged it, we have accepted the entry as showing that .info is a top level domain."

| Office for Harmonization in the Internal Market, Opposition Decisions

| 2006-07-31

| [http://oami.europa.eu/LegalDocs/Opposition/2006/en/000760860.pdf The Radical Fruit Company New York (Partnership) v. Burrow]

|

| List of soft drinks by country

| Cited by the opponent.

| Supreme Court of Michigan

| 2006-07-31

| [http://courtofappeals.mijud.net/DOCUMENTS/OPINIONS/FINAL/SCT/20060731_S128376_31_peals2jan06-op.pdf People v. Peals]

| 720 N.W.2d 196
476 Mich. 636

| False choice
(accessed July 7, 2006)

| Quoted in the dissenting opinion of Judge Kelly in footnote 16: "The logical fallacy of false choice is a correlative-based fallacy in which options are presented as being exclusive when they may not be. It is often used to obscure the likelihood of one option or to reframe an argument on the user's terms."

| U.S. Patent and Trademark Office

| 2006-07-25

| [http://www.uspto.gov/web/offices/com/sol/foia/ttab/2eissues/2006/76591237.pdf In re Regency Inns Management, Inc.]

| Nos. 76591235 and 76591237

| Convention center

| "With his brief, the Examining Attorney has requested that the Board take judicial notice of definitions of the words "resort" and "convention center" taken from, respectively, One Look and Wikipedia. Because the entries are from on-line references, we decline to take judicial notice of them. See TBMP §1208.04 (The Board will not take judicial notice of definitions found only in on-line dictionaries and not available in a printed format)."

| U.S. Patent and Trademark Office

| 2006-07-20

| [http://www.uspto.gov/web/offices/com/sol/foia/ttab/2aissues/2006/78146926.pdf In re White]

|

| Mohawk

| Cited by the examining attorney.

| California Court of Appeal, 3rd Appellate District

| 2006-07-20

| People v. Chance

| 46 Cal.Rptr.3d 235

| Revolver
(as of July 20, 2006)

| See opinion, id. at 249.

| Supreme Court of Michigan

| 2006-07-19

| [http://courtofappeals.mijud.net/DOCUMENTS/OPINIONS/FINAL/SCT/20060719_S127679_53_radeljak8nov05-op.pdf Radeljak v. DaimlerChrysler Corp.]

| 719 N.W.2d 40
475 Mich. 598

| Ena Begovic
(accessed May 10, 2006)

| See opinion, footnote 10.

| Office for Harmonization in the Internal Market, Opposition Decisions

| 2006-07-13

| [http://oami.europa.eu/LegalDocs/Opposition/2006/en/000862518.pdf Cometform Ltd. v. Luggage America, Inc.]

|

| Luggage

|

| Office for Harmonization in the Internal Market, Board of Appeals

| 2006-07-11

| [http://oami.europa.eu/LegalDocs/BoA/2005/en/R1087_2005-2.pdf The Professional Golfers' Association Ltd. v. Ladies' Professional Golf Ass. Corp.]

|

| Professional Golfers' Association

| | An appeal (T-0248/06) against the decision before the Court of First Instance is pending.

| U.S. Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit

| 2006-06-29

| [http://pacer.ca10.uscourts.gov/cgi-bin/getopn.pl?OPINION=05-2156.wpd U.S. v. Yazzen]

| 187 Fed. Appx. 800
No. 05-2156

| Pink elephant
(accessed June 27 2006)

| See opinion, footnote 1.

| Refugee Review Tribunal

| 2006-06-27

| Case no. 060331167

| {{Cite AustLII|RRTA|99|2006}}

| Druze

|

| High Court of England and Wales

| 2006-06-27

| [http://www.bailii.org/ew/cases/EWHC/Admin/2006/1536.html Kay v. the Commissioner of Police of the Metropolis]

|

| Critical Mass (cycling)

|

| Refugee Review Tribunal

| 2006-06-22

| Case no. V0618399

| {{cite AustLII|RRTA|95|2006}}

| Sworn virgin

|

| Office for Harmonization in the Internal Market, Board of Appeals

| 2006-06-21

| [http://oami.europa.eu/LegalDocs/BoA/2005/en/R0705_2005-1.pdf Banco de Sbadell, S.A. v. Brook Street Bureau Plc]

|

| Home care

|

| Office for Harmonization in the Internal Market, Opposition Decisions

| 2006-06-16

| [http://oami.europa.eu/LegalDocs/Opposition/2006/en/000233116.pdf Booker Plc v. Jim Beam Brands Co.]

|

| Booker

|

| Office for Harmonization in the Internal Market, Board of Appeals

| 2006-06-14

| [http://oami.europa.eu/LegalDocs/BoA/2005/en/R0614_2005-4.pdf PGS Onshore, Inc.]

| R 614/2005-4

| Geophysical survey

|

| Federal Magistrates Court of Australia

| 2006-06-13

| Mathieson & Hamilton

| {{Cite AustLII|FMCAfam|238|2006}}

| Cryptid

|

| Florida Fourth District Court of Appeal

| 2006-06-07

| [http://www.4dca.org/June2006/06-07-06/4D04-2104.op.pdf#xml=http://199.242.69.27/SCRIPTS/texis.exe/webinator/search/pdfhi.txt?query=Wikipedia&pr=4DCA&prox=page&rorder=500&rprox=500&rdfreq=500&rwfreq=500&rlead=500&sufs=0&order=r&cq=&id=4489b75c2 Olibrices v. State]

| 929 So.2d 1176

| Ethnic group,
(accessed May 11, 2006)

| Quotation from Wikipedia in opinion, id. at 1178: "An ethnic group is a human population whose members identify with each other, usually on the basis of a presumed common genealogy or ancestry (Smith 1986). Ethnic groups are also usually united by common cultural, behavioral, linguistic, or religious practices. In this sense, an ethnic group is also a cultural community. . . . While ethnicity and race are related concepts (Abizadeh 2001), the concept of ethnicity is rooted in the idea of social groups, marked especially by shared nationality, tribal affiliation, religious faith, shared language, or cultural and traditional origins and backgrounds; whereas race is rooted in the idea of a biological classification of Homo sapiens according to chosen genotypic and/or phenotypic traits."

| U.S. Patent and Trademark Office

| 2006-06-07

| [http://www.uspto.gov/web/offices/com/sol/foia/ttab/other/2006/76588421.pdf In re Halocarbon Products Corp.]

| No. 76588421

| Halocarbon

| "The examining attorney, for the first time in his brief on appeal, "paraphrased" dictionary definitions of the term "halocarbon" taken from the on-line dictionaries "MyWiseOwl.com" and "Wikipedia.com." The examining attorney did not submit copies of the Internet printouts of the definitions. Applicant, in its reply brief, has objected to the definitions as untimely submitted. The Board has stated that it will not take judicial notice of dictionary definitions submitted after appeal that have been retrieved from on-line dictionaries that are not readily verifiable and reliable. In re Red Bull GmbH, 78 USPQ2d 1375 (TTAB 2006) and In re Total Quality Group Inc., 51 USPQ2d 1474 (TTAB 1999). Thus, applicant's objection to the on-line dictionary definitions is well taken, and we have not considered them in reaching our decision herein. However, as discussed infra, the Board has taken judicial notice of a definition of the term "halocarbon" taken from a print dictionary."

| Delaware Court of Chancery

| 2006-06-06

| [http://courts.state.de.us/opinions/(ufx1gnrqz0h1vim4qfdsk2mn)/download.aspx?ID=77360 Williams v. White Oak Builders, Inc.]

| 2006 WL 1668348
No. 17556

| Sump pump, French drain

|

| Office for Harmonization in the Internal Market, Opposition Decisions

| 2006-05-31

| [http://oami.europa.eu/LegalDocs/Opposition/2006/en/000688285.pdf Aslan Arzneimittel GmbH & Co. KG v. Chetwode]

|

| Ana Aslan

|

| California Court of Appeal

| 2006-05-26

| Apple v. Does

| 140 Cal.App. 4th 675b

| Firewire, Breakout box, GarageBand, Breakout, Asteroids, Arkanoid, Forum moderator, BBS, Blog, Webzine, Electronic paper

| "As with many of the concepts in this opinion, the most authoritative and current sources of information may themselves be found on the Web. Thus FireWire is described by a well-known cooperative encyclopedia as ..."

| Wisconsin Court of Appeals

| 2006-05-23

| [http://www.wicourts.gov/ca/opinion/DisplayDocument.pdf?content=pdf&seqNo=25236 State v. Bannister]

| 720 N.W.2d 498
2006 WI App 136

| Bloody shirt

| The concurring judge quotes Wikipedia in footnote 1: "The term 'bloody shirt' can be traced back to the aftermath of the murder of the third Caliph, Uthman in 656 CE, when a bloody shirt and some hair alleged to be from his beard were used in what is widely regarded as a cynical ploy to gain support for revenge against opponents."

| Office for Harmonization in the Internal Market, Board of Appeals

| 2006-05-22

| [http://oami.europa.eu/LegalDocs/BoA/2005/en/R0537_2005-2.pdf World Magic International AVV. v. Character Games Ltd.]

|

| Street magic

| "The appellant claims that Wikipedia does not provide entirely reliable information as the contents are posted by its readers. However, even though it is true that there exists some controversy over Wikipedia as a source, the Board is of the opinion that the additional material provided by the respondent and the information to be found on the website www.themagicschool.com support the information given in Wikipedia, therefore the Board sees no reason to doubt its reliability in this specific case."

| Competition Appeal Tribunal

| 2006-05-15

| [http://www.bailii.org/uk/cases/CAT/2006/12.html Media Marketing & Promotions v. Office of Communications]

|

| Rent

|

| Refugee Review Tribunal

| 2006-05-01

| Case no. N05/52943

| {{Cite AustLII|RRTA|72|2006}}

| Patriotic Union (Colombia)

|

| Supreme Court of Iowa

| 2006-04-28

| [http://www.judicial.state.ia.us/Supreme_Court/Recent_Opinions/20060428/04-1368.pdf State v. Leckington]

| 713 N.W.2d 208

| Jungle juice
(accessed March 28, 2006)

| Footnote 1 of the opinion quotes Wikipedia: "Jungle juice is the name given to a mix of liquor that is usually served for the sole purpose of becoming intoxicated .... Often, it may include leftovers of many liquors along with a mixer (juice, cola, etc.) to make the clash of liquors easier to swallow.... Jungle juice made with Kool-Aid is called 'Hunch Punch.'"

| Indiana Court of Appeals

| 2006-04-25

| [http://www.in.gov/judiciary/opinions/pdf/04250601jgb.pdf Biddinger v. State]

| 846 N.E.2d 271

| Hollow point bullet
(accessed Mar. 22, 2006)

| Footnote 2 quotes Wikipedia: " A hollow-point bullet has "a pit, or hollowed out shape, in its tip, meant to cause it to expand upon entering a target. When the bullet strikes a soft target the pressure created in the pit forces the lead around it to expand greatly into a mushroom-shape. This causes considerably more soft-tissue damage and energy transfer than if the nose had not been hollow.... [H]ollow point bullets are one of the most common types of civilian and police ammunition, due largely to the reduced risk of bystanders being hit by over penetrating or ricocheted bullets, and the increased speed of incapacitation."

| Office for Harmonization in the Internal Market, Opposition Decisions

| 2006-04-25

| [http://oami.europa.eu/LegalDocs/Opposition/2006/en/000594129.pdf FORMULA ONE LICENSING B.V. v. MV Innovation GmbH]

|

| Formula One

|

| Federal Patent Court

| 2006-04-12

| [http://juris.bundespatentgericht.de/cgi-bin/rechtsprechung/document.py?Gericht=bpatg&Art=en&sid=66bc8ebac97a8c7638e45d89f316ba40&Seite=3&nr=1436&pos=93&anz=105&Blank=1.pdf 26 W (pat) 142/04]

|

| Human care

|

| Office for Harmonization in the Internal Market, Board of Appeals

| 2006-04-10

| [http://oami.europa.eu/LegalDocs/BoA/2005/en/R1318_2005-2.pdf Valrhona S.p.A.S.)]

| R 1318/2005-2

| Grand cru

|

| Refugee Review Tribunal

| 2006-04-03

| Case no. N05/52960

| {{Cite AustLII|RRTA|54|2006}}

| Jehovah Witnesses

|

| Office for Harmonization in the Internal Market, Opposition Decisions

| 2006-03-30

| [http://oami.europa.eu/LegalDocs/Opposition/2006/en/000694879.pdf Axon Solutions Ltd. v. Axen SPRL]

|

| Computer engineering, Telecommunication

|

| U.S. Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit

| 2006-03-29

| [http://www.ca7.uscourts.gov/tmp/5Y1FESAQ.pdf Raymond v. Ameritech Co.]

| 442 F.3d 600

| SBC Communications
(accessed March 13, 2006)

| See footnote 1 of the opinion.

| U.S. Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit

| 2006-03-24

| [http://www.ca6.uscourts.gov/opinions.pdf/06a0109p-06.pdf N'Diom v. Gonzales]

| 442 F.3d 494

| Mauritania
(accessed Jan 17, 2006)

|

| U.S. Patent and Trademark Office

| 2006-03-24

| [http://www.uspto.gov/web/offices/com/sol/foia/ttab/2dissues/2006/78228227.pdf In re Microsoft Corp.]

|

| Cranium (board game)

|

| Ohio District Courts of Appeal

| 2006-03-24

| [http://www.sconet.state.oh.us/rod/newpdf/11/2006/2006-ohio-1456.pdf Ernes v. Northeast Ohio Eye Surgs., Inc.]

| 2006 Ohio 1456

| Infarction

|

| U.S. Court of Appeals for the First Circuit

| 2006-03-23

| [http://www.ca1.uscourts.gov/cgi-bin/getopn.pl?OPINION=05-1457.01A U.S. v. Zajanckauskas]

| 441 F.3d 32

| SS

|

| Court of Appeal of Trinidad and Tobago

| 2006-03-17

| [http://www.ttlawcourts.org/Judgments/coa/2006/warner/CvA_95_05DD17mar06.pdf NH Int. v. Urban Development Co.]

|

| Value engineering

|

| European Court of Human Rights

| 2006-03-16

| [http://cmiskp.echr.coe.int////tkp197/viewhbkm.asp?action=open&table=1132746FF1FE2A468ACCBCD1763D4D8149&key=12394&sessionId=8851892&skin=hudoc-en&attachment=true Ždanoka v. Latvia]

|

| Demographics of Latvia

| Dissenting opinion of Judge Zupancic.

| Superior Court of Rhode Island

| 2006-03-13

| [http://www.courts.state.ri.us/superior/pdf/04-0495.pdf Sitkin v. R-One Alloys, Inc.]

| No. PB 04-0495

| Troy ounce

| See footnote 2 of the opinion.

| European Court of Human Rights

| 2006-03-07

| [http://cmiskp.echr.coe.int/tkp197/view.asp?item=2&portal=hbkm&action=html&highlight=Wikipedia&sessionid=1750051&skin=hudoc-en Hocaogullari v. Turkey]

|

| :fr:Guerre du Vietnam

| First citation by the European Court of Human Rights.

| Refugee Review Tribunal

| 2006-02-28

| Case no. N05/52883

| {{Cite AustLII|RRTA|41|2006}}

| Pakistan#Religion

|

| Office for Harmonization in the Internal Market, Opposition Decisions

| 2006-02-27

| [http://oami.europa.eu/LegalDocs/Opposition/2006/en/000610743.pdf Hanse Chemie AG v. Perstorp Compounds AB]

|

| Thermosetting plastics

|

| District Court of Paris

| 2006-02-23

| [http://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/WAspad/UnDocument?base=CAPP&nod=JAX2006X02XPAX0000000R27 04/14140]

|

| :fr:Styles calligraphiques chinois

| First known citation in French jurisprudence.

| Supreme Court of Louisiana

| 2006-02-22

| [http://www.lasc.org/opinions/2006/05K0477.pc.pdf State v. Pigford]

| 922 So.2d 517

| Interstate 20

|

| Office for Harmonization in the Internal Market, Board of Appeals

| 2006-02-08

| [http://oami.europa.eu/LegalDocs/BoA/2004/en/R0115_2004-4.pdf Dalan Kimya Endustri A.S. v. La Superquímica, S.A.]

|

| Detergent

|

| Office for Harmonization in the Internal Market, Board of Appeals

| 2006-02-03

| [http://oami.europa.eu/LegalDocs/BoA/2005/en/R0888_2005-4.pdf Freelife Int., LLC]

| R 888/2005-4

| Goji

|

| Office for Harmonization in the Internal Market, Board of Appeals

| 2006-02-02

| [http://oami.europa.eu/LegalDocs/BoA/2005/en/R0244_2005-4.pdf Voith Turbo GmbH & Co. KG v. Zoran Corp.]

|

| Computer

|

| Office for Harmonization in the Internal Market, Opposition Decisions

| 2006-01-31

| [http://oami.europa.eu/LegalDocs/Opposition/2006/en/000634370.pdf Mülhens GmbH & Co. KG v. Trishul Overseas Private Ltd.]

|

| Ayurvedic medicine

|

| Refugee Review Tribunal

| 2006-01-31

| Case no. N05/52275

| {{Cite AustLII|RRTA|29|2006}}

| Demographics of Algeria

|

| U.S. Court of Federal Claims

| 2006-01-27

| [http://www.uscfc.uscourts.gov/Opinions/Allegra/06/ALLEGRA.Campbell.pdf Campbell v. Secretary of Health and Human Services]

| 69 Fed. Cl. 775

| Febrile seizure

| "A review of the Wikipedia website reveals a pervasive and, for our purposes, disturbing series of disclaimers."

"At the least, an evidentiary hearing would have provided an opportunity for expert witnesses to corroborate or refute the information contained in the articles. Without such a hearing, reliance on these web materials involved an extraordinary risk that cannot be squared with the Special Master's responsibility for conducting a proceeding consistent with the principles of fundamental fairness."

| Oregon Land Use Board of Appeals

| 2006-01-26

| [http://www.oregon.gov/LUBA/docs/Opinions/2006/01-06/05139.pdf Friends of the Metolius and Johnston v. Jefferson County]

| No. 2005-139

| Grok

| The opinion quotes Wikipedia as follows: "Grok (pronounced grock) is a verb roughly meaning 'to understand completely' or more formally 'to achieve complete intuitive understanding.' It was coined by science fiction writer Robert A. Heinlein in his novel Stranger in a Strange Land, where it is part of the fictional Martian language and introduced to English speakers by a man raised by Martians." (emphasis in original)

| European Court of Justice

| 2006-01-17

| [http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:62005C0145:EN:HTML Levi Strauss v. Casucci]

| C-145/05

| :es:Jeans

| Cited in the conclusions of the Advocate General.

First known citation in proceedings of the European Court of Justice.

| Supreme Court of India

| 2006-01-16

| [http://www.commonlii.org/in/cases/INSC/2006/21.html Anjaleem Enterprises Pvt. Ltd. v. Commissioner of Central Excise, Ahmedabad]

|

| Integrated circuit

|

| Office for Harmonization in the Internal Market, Opposition Decisions

| 2006-01-13

| [http://oami.europa.eu/LegalDocs/Opposition/2006/en/000626632.pdf Facet Pedreros, S.A. v. Stelman Int. Diamond Dealers, N. V.]

|

| Facet

|

| Nominet UK Dispute Resolution Service

| 2006-01-12

| [http://www.nominet.org.uk/digitalAssets/4533_buderus.pdf BBT Thermotechnology UK Ltd v Brainfire Group]

| (2006) DRS 3931

| Danny Buderus

| Cited in correspondence between the parties.

| U.S. Court of Appeals for the First Circuit

| 2005-12-28

| [http://www.ca1.uscourts.gov/cgi-bin/getopn.pl?OPINION=04-2154.01A U.S. v. Coker]

| 433 F.3d 39

| Sunroof
(accessed Oct 27, 2005).

| The opinion, at footnote 1, quotes Wikipedia's definition of T-roofs; they: "open a vehicle roof to the side windows, providing a wider opening than other sunroofs. [They] have two removable glass panels, and leave a T-shaped structural brace in the roof center."

| Office for Harmonization in the Internal Market, Opposition Decisions

| 2005-12-19

| [http://oami.europa.eu/LegalDocs/Opposition/2005/en/000605784.pdf Huesker Synthetic GmbH v. Difel Marmol, S.L.]

|

| Building material

|

| Indiana Court of Appeals

| 2005-12-12

| [http://www.in.gov/judiciary/opinions/pdf/12120501jgb.pdf M.K. Plastics Corp. v. Rossi]

| 838 N.E.2d 1068

| Autocad
(accessed Nov 17, 2005)

|

| California Court of Appeal

| 2005-12-09

| People v. Acevedo

| (Case not found)

| Spanish and Portuguese names
(as of Dec 6, 2005)

|

| Refugee Review Tribunal

| 2005-12-06

| Case no. N05/52155

| {{Cite AustLII|RRTA|314|2005}}

| Lebanon

|

| Office for Harmonization in the Internal Market, Opposition Decisions

| 2005-12-05

| [http://oami.europa.eu/LegalDocs/Opposition/2005/en/000701930.pdf Calico, S.A. v. Calico Jack Ltd.]

|

| Video game console (last visited November 29, 2005), Software agents (last visited November 29, 2005)

|

| Superior Administrative Court Rhineland-Palatine

| 2005-12-02

| [http://www3.justiz.rlp.de/rechtspr/DisplayUrteil.asp?rowguid={87E8DD9D-AEB4-4103-AC3C-62A49D2DF1D5} 10 A 10610/05.OVG]

|

| Umar Tall

|

| Office for Harmonization in the Internal Market, Opposition Decisions

| 2005-11-24

| [http://oami.europa.eu/LegalDocs/Opposition/2005/en/000646333.pdf British-American Tobacco (Germany) GmbH v. Gallaher Ltd.]

|

| Three kings

|

| Iowa Court of Appeals

| 2005-11-23

| [http://www.judicial.state.ia.us/Court_of_Appeals/Recent_Opinions/20051123/04-0962.asp?Printable=true State v. Kante]

| No. 5-730/04-0962, affirmed as 710 N.W.2d 257

| Guinea

|

| Supreme Court of Texas

| 2005-11-22

| [http://www.supreme.courts.state.tx.us/historical/2005/nov/041144.pdf Neeley v. West Orange-Cove Consol. Independent School Dist., S.W.3d, 2005 WL 3116298]

| 176 S.W.3d 746

| Efficient
(accessed Oct 13, 2005)

| Footnote 8 of the opinion quotes Wikipedia: "Efficiency is the capability of acting or producing effectively with a minimum of waste, expense, or unnecessary effort."

| Refugee Review Tribunal

| 2005-11-10

| Case no. V05/18066

| {{Cite AustLII|RRTA|292|2005}}

| Military opposition to the Reconciliation, Tolerance, and Unity Bill (Fiji)

| Cited by the applicant.

| Federal Patent Court

| 2005-11-08

| 33 W (pat) 265/03

|

| Master unit

|

| Hoge Raad der Nederlanden

| 2005-11-01

| [http://deeplink.rechtspraak.nl/uitspraak?id=ECLI:NL:PHR:2005:AU1959]

|

| :nl:Botbreuk (Bone fracture)

| First known citation in Dutch jurisprudence.

| Office for Harmonization in the Internal Market, Opposition Decisions

| 2005-10-28

| [http://oami.europa.eu/LegalDocs/Opposition/2005/en/000712911.pdf Multiópticas, Unipessoal, Lda v. Coburn]

|

| Fresnel lens

|

| Office for Harmonization in the Internal Market, Opposition Decisions

| 2005-10-27

| [http://oami.europa.eu/LegalDocs/Opposition/2005/en/000539447.pdf Aktiv Kapital ASA v. Activa Capital S.A.S.]

|

| Accountancy

|

| Office for Harmonization in the Internal Market, Board of Appeals

| 2005-10-25

| [http://oami.europa.eu/LegalDocs/BoA/2005/en/R0450_2005-1.pdf Mastercard International Inc.]

| R 450/2005-1

| CompactFlash, Memory Stick

|

| Tennessee Court of Appeals

| 2005-10-25

| [http://www.tsc.state.tn.us/OPINIONS/TCA/PDF/054/EnglishmOPN.pdf English Mountain Spring Water Co. v. Chumley]

| 2005 WL 2756072
No. E2005-00657-COA-R3-CV

| Beverage

| "It appears that the only case in the United States that has ever referenced Wikipedia is a nonpublished/ nonciteable California case. See Patel v. Shah (...) Given the fact that this source is open to virtually anonymous editing by the general public, the expertise of its editors is always in question, and its reliability is indeterminable. Accordingly, we do not find that it constitutes persuasive authority."

| Office for Harmonization in the Internal Market, Opposition Decisions

| 2005-10-18

| [http://oami.europa.eu/LegalDocs/Opposition/2005/en/000593659.pdf Vasco International S.à r.l. v. Antonio Nadal S.A.]

|

| Absinthe

|

| Ontario Court of Justice

| 2005-10-14

| [http://www.canlii.org/en/on/oncj/doc/2005/2005oncj427/2005oncj427.html R. v. N. (Y.)]

|

| Explanation

|

| Refugee Review Tribunal

| 2005-10-13

| Case no. V05/18030

| {{Cite AustLII|RRTA|271|2005}}

| Mosul

|

| Office for Harmonization in the Internal Market, Opposition Decisions

| 2005-09-30

| [http://oami.europa.eu/LegalDocs/Opposition/2005/en/000653701.pdf Wilhelm Sihn jr. GmbH & Co. KG v. Wi-Fi Alliance]

|

| wi-fi

|

| Office for Harmonization in the Internal Market, Opposition Decisions

| 2005-09-29

| [http://oami.europa.eu/LegalDocs/Opposition/2005/en/000589962.pdf Fronsac Investment S.A. v. Yakub]

|

| 360 (number)

|

| U.S. Patent and Trademark Office

| 2005-09-27

| [http://www.uspto.gov/web/offices/com/sol/foia/ttab/2eissues/2005/78219790.pdf In re ChromTech Ltd]

| No. 78219790

| Chirality (chemistry)

| Cited by the examining attorney.

| U.S. Patent and Trademark Office

| 2005-07-15

| [http://www.uspto.gov/web/offices/com/sol/foia/ttab/2eissues/2005/78222332.pdf In re Bristol-Myers Squibb Co.]

|

| Princeton University

| Cited by the applicant.

| U.S. Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit

| 2005-09-15

| [http://vls.law.villanova.edu/locator/3d/September2005/042442p.pdf Allegheny Defense Project, Inc. v. U.S. Forest Service]

| 423 F.3d 215

| Understory
(accessed August 24, 2005)

|

| Refugee Review Tribunal

| 2005-09-14

| Case no. N05/51239

| {{Cite AustLII|RRTA|221|2005}}

| Christians in Iran#Current situation

|

| Philippine Supreme Court

| 2005-09-01

| [http://www.supremecourt.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2005/sep2005/168056_panganiban.htm Abakada v. Ermita]

| GR No. 168056

| Constitution of the United Kingdom (accessed August 4, 2005, 11:30am PST),
Maurice Lauré (accessed August 23, 2005, 3:20pm PST)

| Separate opinion of Associate Justice Panganiban.

| California Court of Appeal

| 2005-08-24

| People v. Hightower

| (cannot find case)

| FUBU

|

| São Paulo Justice Court

| 2005-08-18

| [http://esaj.tj.sp.gov.br/cjsg/getArquivo.do?cdAcordao=2015699 APELAÇÃO CÍVEL n° 340.809-4/7-00]. W. R. da S. v. AMIL Health Care International

|

| :pt:Espectroscopia

| First known citation in Brazilian jurisprudence.
"A ressonância magnética espectroscópica, portanto, é apenas um método de análise para ressonância magnética nuclear. "É chamado de espectroscopia ométodo utilizado para análise da estrutura química de elementos simples, compostos ou grupos funcionais de uma substância." (...). "Existem diversos métodos de análises espectroscópicas. Os mais conhecidos são: a espectroscopia de massa; ressonância magnética nuclear ..." (cfe. http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Espectroscopia)."

| Refugee Review Tribunal

| 2005-08-08

| Case no. N05/51215

| {{Cite AustLII|RRTA|136|2005}}

| Communist Party of India (Marxist)

|

| U.S. Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit

| 2005-07-28

| [http://www.ca7.uscourts.gov/tmp/5K1FFUK2.pdf U.S. v. Krueger]

| 415 F.3d 766

| Cannabis shake

|

| Office for Harmonization in the Internal Market, Opposition Decisions

| 2005-07-22

| [http://oami.europa.eu/LegalDocs/Opposition/2005/en/000187452.pdf Atco-Qualcast Ltd. v. Engine Components Int., LLC]

|

| Internal combustion engine

|

| Supreme Court of Michigan

| 2005-07-15

| Michigan DOT v. Hagerty Corridor Partners Ltd. P'ship

| 700 N.W.2d 380
473 Mich. 124

| Hindsight bias

| See footnote 37 quoting Wikipedia: "People are, in effect, biased by the knowledge of what has actually happened when evaluating its likelihood"

| Office for Harmonization in the Internal Market, Board of Appeals

| 2005-07-06

| [http://oami.europa.eu/LegalDocs/BoA/2004/en/R0265_2004-2.pdf Antenne Niedersachsen GmbH & Co. KG v. Froehlich]

|

| Telecommunication

|

| U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania

| 2005-06-29

| [http://www.paed.uscourts.gov/documents/opinions/05D0782P.pdf Amco Ukrservice & Prompriladamco v. American Meter Co.]

| 2005 WL 1541029
Civ. A. 00-2638

| Sea of Okhotsk
(accessed June 23, 2005)

|

| Refugee Review Tribunal

| 2005-06-24

| Case no. N05/50698

| {{Cite AustLII|RRTA|155|2005}}

| Al-Da'wa Party, Muqtada al-Sadr

|

| Superior Court of Pennsylvania

| 2005-06-15

| [http://www.superior.court.state.pa.us/opinions/S10004_05.pdf In the Interest of F.P.]

| 2005 Pa. Super. 220
878 A.2d 91

| Instant messaging

| Footnote 2 of the opinion quotes Wikipedia: "Instant messaging differs from e-mail in that conversations happen in realtime ... Generally, both parties in the conversation see each line of text right after it is typed (line-by-line), thus making it more like a telephone conversation than exchanging letters."

| Ontario Superior Court of Justice

| 2005-05-16

| [http://www.canlii.org/en/on/onsc/doc/2006/2006canlii16541/2006canlii16541.html R. v. Budd]

|

| Trust (sociology)

|

| Office for Harmonization in the Internal Market, Board of Appeals

| 2005-05-10

| [http://oami.europa.eu/LegalDocs/BoA/2004/en/R0344_2004-4.pdf Banis v. BIO-FYT PHARMA N.V.]

|

| Anxiolytic

| Cited by the appellant.

| Federal Court of Australia

| 2005-03-16

| Nine Films & Television Pty Ltd v Ninox Television Limited

| {{Cite AustLII|FCA|1404|2005}}

| Reality TV

|

| Federal Court

| 2005-03-11

| [http://decisions.fct-cf.gc.ca/en/2005/2005fc355/2005fc355.html Almrei v. Minister for Citizenship and Immigration]

|

| Maher Arar

| Cited by one of the parties.

| Office for Harmonization in the Internal Market, Opposition Decisions

| 2005-03-08

| [http://oami.europa.eu/LegalDocs/Opposition/2005/en/0772-2005.pdf Productores Associados dos Vinhos Progresso do Douro, LDA v. Franz Wilhelm Langguth Erben GmbH & Co. KG]

|

| Hernán Cortés, :pt:Hernán Cortés

| First known citation of the Portuguese-language Wikipedia.

| Refugee Review Tribunal

| 2005-02-23

| [http://www.worldlii.org//cgi-bin/disp.pl/au/cases/cth/rrt/N0450301.html?query=Wikipedia Case no. N04/50301]

|

| Samajwadi Party

| Cited by the applicant.

| Federal Court

| 2005-02-17

| [http://decisions.fct-cf.gc.ca/en/2005/2005fc261/2005fc261.html Bajraktaraj v. Canada (Minister of Citizenship and Immigration)]

|

|

| "The quality of the sources relied upon by the applicant, including (...) a downloaded extract from an on-line encyclopaedia, 'Wikipedia,' that provided no references for its content, did not impress."

| Refugee Review Tribunal

| 2005-02-11

| Case no. N04/50169

| {{Cite AustLII|RRTA|71|2005}}

| Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party

| Cited by the applicant.

| National Arbitration Forum

| 2005-02-01

| [http://www.worldlii.org/int/cases/GENDND/2005/64.html Paisley Park Enterprises v. Lawson]

| No. FA0412000384834

| NPG Records, Paisley Park Records, Category:Defunct record labels

| Cited by one of the parties.

| Philippine Supreme Court

| 2005-01-17

| [http://www.supremecourt.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2005/jan2005/155282.htm MTRCB v. ABS-CBN Broadcasting Co.)]

| G.R. No. 15528

| Documentary film, Dziga Vertov
(accessed Dec 21, 2004)

|

| Refugee Review Tribunal

| 2004-12-20

| [http://www.austlii.edu.au/cgi-bin/sinodisp/au/cases/cth/rrt/V0214634.html?query=Wikipedia Case no. V02/14634]

|

| Ba'ath Party

|

| California Court of Appeal, 4th District

| 2004-12-17

| Patel v. Shah

| 2004 WL 2930914

| Simple majority

|

| Office for Harmonization in the Internal Market, Opposition Decisions

| 2004-12-15

| [http://oami.europa.eu/LegalDocs/Opposition/2004/en/4217-2004.pdf Aldi Einkauf GmbH & Co. OHG v. The Dean and Chapter of the Collegiate College Church of St. Peter Westminster]

|

| :de: Westminster

|

| Office for Harmonization in the Internal Market, Board of Appeals

| 2004-12-10

| [http://oami.europa.eu/LegalDocs/BoA/2004/en/R0398_2004-2.pdf etalk Corporation
]

| R 398/2004-2

| E

|

| Swiss Federal Council

| 2004-12-10

| [http://www.vpb.admin.ch/deutsch/doc/69/69.35.html Exe 2004.2129]

|

| :de:Plagiat

| First known citation in Swiss jurisprudence.

| Philippine Supreme Court

| 2004-12-01

| [http://www.supremecourt.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2004/dec2004/127882_carpiomorales.htm La Bugal-B'laan Tribal Association, Inc. v. Ramos]

| G.R. No. 127882

| Open-pit mining

| Dissenting opinion of Associate Justice Carpio-Morales.

| Refugee Review Tribunal

| 2004-11-15

| Case no. V04/16985

| {{Cite AustLII|RRTA|724|2004}}

| Punjab (India)

|

| Court of Appeals

| 2004-11-12

| [http://ca.supremecourt.gov.ph/cardis/SP84300.pdf Inter-Orient Navigation v. NLRC]

| G.R. SP NO. 84300

| Psychosis

|

| Independent Federal Asylum Board

| 2004-11-08

| [http://www.ris.bka.gv.at/ubas/ 239.234/11-I/03/04]

|

| Afghanistan_timeline_1976-1980
(accessed April 2004)

|

| U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Virginia

| 2004-10-15

| [http://www.weltyblair.com/conlaw/opDemmon-LCSB1015.pdf Demmon v. Loudoun Co. Public Schools]

| 342 F. Supp. 2d 474

| Hollywood Walk of Fame

|

| U.S. Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit

| 2004-10-15

| [http://www.ca11.uscourts.gov/opinions/ops/200216886.pdf Bourgeois v. Peters]

| 387 F.3d 1303

| Department of Homeland Security Advisory System
(accessed August 26, 2004)

| First citation in federal appellate jurisprudence.

| Refugee Review Tribunal

| 2004-08-27

| Case no. N04/48913

| {{Cite AustLII|RRTA|574|2004}}

| Hamas

|

| U.S. District Court for the District of Utah

| 2004-08-23

| SCO v. IBM

| Civ. No. 2:03CV-0294 DAK

| Linus Torvalds, Andrew S. Tanenbaum

| [http://www.groklaw.net/pdf/IBM-247.pdf Cited] by the defendant IBM.

| Independent federal asylum board

| 2004-08-02

| [http://www.ris.bka.gv.at/ubas/ 236.047/0-XI/33/03g]

|

| :de:Dari

| First known citation in Austrian jurisprudence.

| Michigan Supreme Court

| 2004-07-30

| [http://www.courts.michigan.gov/supremecourt/Clerk/Opinions-03-04-Term/121723-24.pdf Bryant v. Oakpointe Villa Nursing Centre]

| 471 Mich. 411

| Positional asphyxia
(accessed July 27, 2004)

|

| Office for Harmonization in the Internal Market, Opposition Decisions

| 2004-07-28

| [http://oami.europa.eu/LegalDocs/Opposition/2004/en/2522-2004.pdf Banco 21, S.A. v. Banca 121 S.p.A.]

|

| Bank

|

| WIPO Arbitration and Mediation Center

| 2004-07-07

| [http://arbiter.wipo.int/domains/decisions/html/2004/d2004-0150.html Wachovia Corporation v. American Consumers First]

|

| Schwa

|

| Refugee Review Tribunal

| 2004-07-06

| Case no. V04/16635

| {{Cite AustLII|RRTA|496|2004}}

| Religious conversion

|

| Administrative Court, Augsburg

| 2004-04-28

| Au 7 K 04.30251

|

| Raï

|

| Refugee Review Tribunal

| 2004-02-17

| Case no. N02/45298

| {{cite AustLII|RRTA|133|2004}}

| Pakistan, Afghanistan, North-West Frontier, Pakistan, Punjab, Pakistan, Balochistan, Pakistan, Pakistan, Pakistan,

| The version published on AustLII contains hyperlinks to Wikipedia. It remains uncertain whether they form part of the original text.

| Federal Patent Court

| 2004-02-16

| [http://www.jurpc.de/rechtspr/20040155.htm 30 W (pat) 199/02]

|

| :de:Explorer
(accessed Jan 19, 2004)

| First citation in a German federal court.

| Administrative Court, Göttingen

| 2004-01-30

| 2 A 2145/02

|

| :de:Semitische Sprachen

| First known citation in a court ruling worldwide:

"Arabic belongs to the hamosemitic language family (cp. the following chart, cited according to Wikipedia, the free encyclopaedia, www.wikipedia.de)."

| Office for Harmonization in the Internal Market, Opposition Decisions

| 2004-01-12

| [http://oami.europa.eu/LegalDocs/Opposition/2004/en/0033-2004.pdf Jackson v. Loders Croklaan B.V.]

|

| Nutrient

|

| Office for Harmonization in the Internal Market, Opposition Decisions

| 2003-11-26

| [http://oami.europa.eu/LegalDocs/Opposition/2003/en/2668-2003.pdf Banco Gallego, S.A. v. Banca 121 S.p.A.]

|

| Bank

|

| Supreme Court of Texas

| 2003-11-04

| [http://caselaw.lp.findlaw.com/scripts/getcase.pl?court=tx&vol=/sc/030019&invol=1 New Times v. Isaacks]

| No. 03-0019

| Satire, A Modest Proposal
(accessed Oct 13, 2003)

| [http://www.publishers.org/press/pdf/Isaacks%20Amicus%20Brief%20with%20appendix.pdf Cited in] an Amicus curiae brief of the Association of American Publishers.

| International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea

| 2003-09-20

| Malaysia v. Singapore

|

| List of countries by population density

| Quoted in the [http://www.itlos.org/case_documents/2003/document_en_224.pdf submisson] of Singapore.

| U.S. Patent and Trademark Office

| 2003-09-08

| [http://ttabvue.uspto.gov/ttabvue/v?pno=91157313&pty=OPP Boy Scouts of America v. Gregory J. Wrenn]

| No. 91157313-OPP

| Scouting

| [http://ttabvue.uspto.gov/ttabvue/v?pno=91157313&pty=OPP&eno=4 Cited] by the defendant as an example of generic terms in defense of the mark "Youthscouts."

| Office for Harmonization in the Internal Market, Opposition Decisions

| 2003-02-27

| [http://oami.europa.eu/LegalDocs/Opposition/2003/en/0493-2003.pdf Polk v. Slob-Trot Software Oy Ab]

|

| Computer program