Yellow Jack

{{Infobox film

| name = Yellow Jack

| image = Yellow jack.jpg

| caption =

| director = George B. Seitz

| producer = Jack Cummings

| writer = Sidney Howard (play)
Paul de Kruif (play collaborator)
Edward Chodorov (screenplay)

| narrator =

| based_on = Yellow Jack by Sidney Howard and Paul de Kruif

| starring = Robert Montgomery
Virginia Bruce
Lewis Stone
Sam Levene
Andy Devine
Henry Hull
Charles Coburn
Buddy Ebsen

| music = William Axt

| cinematography = Lester White

| editing = Blanche Sewell

| distributor = Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer

| released = {{Film date|1938|05|27}}

| runtime = 83 minutes

| country = United States

| language = English

| budget =

| gross =

}}

Yellow Jack is a 1938 film released by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer based on the 1934 play Yellow Jack.{{cite web|url=https://www.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2b6bb5062b|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190529112102/https://www.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2b6bb5062b|url-status=dead|archive-date=May 29, 2019|title=Yellow Jack (1938)|website=BFI}} Both were co-written by Sidney Howard and Paul de Kruif (the former a Pulitzer- and Oscar-winning playwright and screenwriter; the latter a well-known microbiologist and author).{{cite web|url=https://www.ibdb.com/broadway-production/yellow-jack-11845|title=Yellow Jack – Broadway Play – Original - IBDB|website=www.ibdb.com}}

Produced and directed by the legendary Guthrie McClintic, the original Broadway play co-starred James Stewart and Sam Levene and opened at the Martin Beck Theatre, March 6, 1934.{{Cite web|last=The Broadway League|title=Yellow Jack – Broadway Play – Original {{!}} IBDB|url=https://www.ibdb.com/broadway-production/yellow-jack-11845#ProductionStaff|access-date=2020-07-11|website=www.ibdb.com|language=en}} Stewart's performance as Sergeant John O'Hara in the Broadway production of Yellow Jack attracted the attention of Hollywood along with a MGM contract. When Yellow Jack was filmed, Stewart was unavailable and replaced by Robert Montgomery. Sam Levene was the only member of the original Broadway cast to also appear in the movie. The supporting cast also features Lewis Stone, Andy Devine, Henry Hull, Charles Coburn and Buddy Ebsen.

Plot

The plot line follows the events of the well-known "Walter Reed Boards", in which Major Walter Reed of the United States Army worked to diagnose and treat yellow fever (called “yellow jack”) in Cuba in 1898–1900. The U.S. Army Medical Corps doctors studied the theory by the Cuban doctor Carlos Finlay that the disease was caused by bites of infected Aedes aegypti mosquitoes, a concept which had been ridiculed. The dramas portrayed the soldiers who volunteered to be human "guinea pigs" by allowing themselves to be bitten and contract the deadly disease, for which no cure was then known. (See History of yellow fever.){{cite web|url=https://www.allmovie.com/movie/yellow-jack-v117895|title=Yellow Jack (1938) - George B. Seitz - Synopsis, Characteristics, Moods, Themes and Related|website=AllMovie}}{{Cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/1980/03/16/how-jimmy-stewart-got-to-be-so-good/dce6e867-b274-475e-a75d-cc46ef18ffed/|title=How Jimmy Stewart got to be so good|date=16 March 1980|newspaper=Washington Post}}

Cast

Robert Montgomery as John O'Hara
Virginia Bruce as Frances Blake
Lewis Stone as Major Walter Reed
Andy Devine as Charlie Spill
Henry Hull as Dr. Jesse Lazear
Charles Coburn as Dr. Carlos Finlay
Buddy Ebsen as 'Jellybeans'
Henry O'Neill as Dr. William Gorgas
Janet Beecher as Miss Macdade
William Henry as Breen
Alan Curtis as Brinkerhof
Sam Levene as Busch
Stanley Ridges as Dr. James Carroll
Phillip Terry as Ferguson
Jonathan Hale as Major General Leonard Wood

Tribute to volunteers

The movie ends with the following tribute to the real volunteers of the Yellow Jack experiment:

Yellow Jack celebrates what these men did, rather than what they were. That their heroism, however, should not go unrecorded, their true names are here given:

Robert P. Cooke
Levi E. Folk
Warren G. Jernegan
John R. Kissenger
John J. Moran

Television adaptations

The play and screenplay were adapted for television by Celanese Theatre (1952) and Producers' Showcase (1955), in episodes titled Yellow Jack.{{cite web|url=http://ctva.biz/US/Anthology/CelaneseTheatre.htm|title=CTVA US Anthology - "Celanese Theatre" (ABC)(1951-52)|website=ctva.biz}}{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kW8j6sHvrewC&q=producers+showcase:+yellow+jack+1955&pg=PA361|title=Encyclopedia of Television Film Directors|first=Jerry|last=Roberts|date=5 June 2009|publisher=Scarecrow Press|isbn=9780810863781|via=Google Books}}

Radio adaptation

Yellow Jack was presented on Philip Morris Playhouse September 5, 1941.{{cite news|title=Johnny Presents|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/2856902/harrisburg_telegraph/|agency=Harrisburg Telegraph|date=September 5, 1941|page=19|via = Newspapers.com|access-date = July 21, 2015}} {{Open access}}