bad-jacketing
{{Short description|A term for planting doubt on an individual's bona fides or identity}}
Bad-jacketing is a term for planting doubt on the authenticity of an individual's bona fides or identity. An example would be creating suspicion through spreading false rumors, manufacturing evidence, etc., that falsely portray someone in a community organization as an informant, or member of law enforcement, or guilty of malfeasance such as skimming organization funds.{{Sfn|Neal|2013|p=59}}
Snitch-jacketing is a variant of bad-jacketing that specifically aims to present the target as an informer.{{cn|date=February 2023}}
History
Scholar Mark Anthony Neal writes that the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) under J. Edgar Hoover used the technique against the Black Panther Party (BPP) and other Black Power organizations as part of its COINTELPRO operations.{{Sfn|Neal|2013|p=59}} Neal writes that this technique was effective in isolating key individuals, forcing them out of the organization, and that its effectiveness was enhanced by the tendency of Black Power activists to divide among "rigid racial, ideological, and increasingly gendered" lines.{{Sfn|Neal|2013|p=59}} The practice was notably used by FBI informants to create a climate of suspicion within New Left groups such as the Black Panther Party{{Sfn|Churchill|Vander Wall|2002|pp=49-51}} and American Indian Movement (AIM),{{Sfn|Churchill|Vander Wall|2002|pp=211-217}} which resulted in the murders of some activists who had been subjected to bad-jacketing, including Panther Alex Rackley, as well as AIM activists Pedro Bissonette,{{Sfn|Churchill|Vander Wall|2002|pp=200-203}} Byron DeSersa{{Sfn|Churchill|Vander Wall|2002|pp=203-205}} and Anna Mae Aquash.{{Sfn|Churchill|Vander Wall|2002|pp=206-211}}
Jo Durden-Smith claims that this technique was used by U.S. prison guards to undermine targeted prisoners and thus make them vulnerable to manipulation.{{Sfn|Durden-Smith|1976}}{{page needed|date=August 2021}}
References
{{reflist|3}}
Bibliography
- {{cite book|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uP8YRoyyNVwC&dq=bad-jacketing&pg=PA49|title=Agents of Repression: The FBI's Secret Wars Against the Black Panther Party and the American Indian Movement|first1=Ward|last1=Churchill|author-link1=Ward Churchill|first2=Jim|last2=Vander Wall|year=2002|location=Cambridge, Massachusetts|publisher=South End Press|chapter=Assassinations and Badjacketing|pages=49-51, 199-217|isbn=0896086461|oclc=50985124}}
- {{cite book|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PJR-xV7QfykC&dq=Bad-jacketing&pg=PA59|title=The Global Industrial Complex: Systems of Domination|chapter=The Security Industrial Complex|first=Ward|last=Churchill|author-link=Ward Churchill|editor-first1=Steven|editor-last1=Best|editor-first2=Richard|editor-last2=Kahn|editor-first3=Anthony J.|editor-last3=Nocella II|editor-first4=Peter|editor-last4=McLaren|page=49|year=2011|location=Lanham, Maryland|publisher=Lexington Books|isbn=978-0739136997|oclc=798970766}}
- {{Citation|publisher = Alfred A. Knopf : distributed by Random House|isbn = 0394482913|location = New York|title = Who killed George Jackson?|url = https://archive.org/details/whokilledgeorgej00durd|first = Jo |last=Durden-Smith|author-link=Jo Durden-Smith|date = 1976|oclc = 2034789|id = 0394482913|url-access = registration}}
- {{cite book|last=Neal|first=Mark Anthony|author-link=Mark Anthony Neal|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OffZAAAAQBAJ&dq=Bad-jacketing&pg=PA59|title=What the Music Said: Black Popular Music and Black Public Culture|year=2013|orig-year=1999|location=New York|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1135204624|oclc=858861411}}
- {{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=74beCQAAQBAJ&dq=Bad-jacketing&pg=PA318|title=The FBI Encyclopedia|first=Michael|last=Newton|author-link=Michael Newton (author)|page=318|location=Jefferson, North Carolina|publisher=McFarland & Company|year=2015|orig-year=2003|isbn=978-1476604176|oclc=953847288}}
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