canarium

As of January 2024, Plants of the World Online accepts 121 species. The brief species distribution information was sourced from Flora Malesiana, the Flora of China (series), the Australian Tropical Rainforest Plants information system, and Plants of the World Online.

File:Canarium resinieferum.JPG seeds dispersed by hornbills in Pakke Tiger Reserve]]

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• Canarium acutifolium {{Au|(DC.) Merr.}} – New Guinea, Maluku, Sulawesi, New Britain, New Ireland, Bougainville, Qld Australia
• Canarium album {{Au|(Lour.) DC.}} Chinese white olive (橄欖) – Taiwan, S China, Vietnam
• Canarium ampasindavae {{Au|Daly, Raharim. & Federman}} – Madagascar
• Canarium apertum {{Au|H.J.Lam}} – Sumatra, Malay Peninsula, Borneo
• Canarium arcuatum {{Au|Daly, Raharim. & Federman}} – Madagascar
• Canarium asperum {{Au|Benth.}} – New Guinea, Maluku, Sulawesi, Philippines, Borneo, Java, Sumbawa, Sumba, Flores, Timor, Solomon Is.,
• Canarium australasicum {{Au|(F.M.Bailey) Leenh.}} – Qld, NSW, Australia endemic
• Canarium australianum {{Au|F.Muell.}} – New Guinea, Qld, NT, WA, Australia
• Canarium balansae {{Au|Engl.}} – New Caledonia endemic
• Canarium balsamiferum {{Au|Willd.}} – Maluku, Sulawesi
• Canarium batjanense {{Au|Leenh.}} – Maluku
• Canarium bengalense {{Au|Roxb.}} – India, Burma, Laos, Thailand, S China
• Canarium betamponae {{Au|Daly, Raharim. & Federman}} – Madagascar
• Canarium boivinii {{Au|Engl.}} – northeastern Madagascar
• Canarium bullatum {{Au|(Leenh.) Daly, Raharim. & Federman}} – northern and northeastern Madagascar
• Canarium caudatum {{Au|King}} – Sumatra, Malay Peninsula, Borneo
• Canarium cestracion {{Au|Leenh.}} – E New Guinea
• Canarium chinare {{Au|Grutt. & H.J.Lam}} – Solomon Is., Admiralty Is.
• Canarium cinereum {{Au|Guillaumin}} – Vietnam
• Canarium compressum {{Au|Daly, Raharim. & Federman}} – Madagascar
• Canarium copaliferum {{Au|A.Chev.}} – Vietnam
• Canarium decumanum {{Au|Gaertn.}} – E Borneo, Maluku, New Guinea, Sulawesi
• Canarium denticulatum {{Au|Blume}} – Andaman Is., Burma, Sumatra, Malay Penin., Java, Borneo, Philippines
• Canarium dichotomum {{Au|(Blume) Miq.}} – Sumatra, Borneo
• Canarium divergens {{Au|Engl.}} – Borneo
• Canarium egregium {{Au|Daly, Raharim. & Federman}} – Madagascar
• Canarium elegans {{Au|Daly, Raharim. & Federman}} — Madagascar
• Canarium engleri {{Au|H.J.Lam}} – Vietnam
• Canarium euphyllum {{Au|Kurz}} – Andaman Is.
• Canarium euryphyllum {{Au|G.Perkins}} – Philippines
• Canarium ferrugineum {{Au|Daly, Raharim. & Federman}} – Madagascar
• Canarium findens {{Au|Daly, Raharim. & Federman}} – Madagascar
• Canarium fugax {{Au|Daly, Raharim. & Federman}} – Madagascar
• Canarium fuscocalycinum {{Au|Stapf ex Ridl.}} – Borneo
• Canarium galokense {{Au|Daly, Raharim. & Federman}} – Madagascar
• Canarium globosum {{Au|Daly, Raharim. & Federman}} – Madagascar
• Canarium gracile {{Au|Engl.}} – Philippines
• Canarium grandifolium {{Au|(Ridl.) H.J.Lam}} – Malay Peninsula
• Canarium harveyi {{Au|Seem.}} – Fiji, Niue, Santa Cruz Islands, Solomon Islands, Tonga, Vanuatu, Wallis and Futuna
• Canarium hirsutum {{Au|Willd.}} – New Guinea to throughout Malesia, Solomon Is., Palau
• Canarium indicum {{Au|L.}} – New Guinea, New Britain, New Ireland, Solomon Is., Vanuatu, Maluku, Sulawesi
• Canarium indistinctum {{Au|Daly, Raharim. & Federman}} – Madagascar
• Canarium intermedium {{Au|H.J.Lam}} – S Sumatra
• Canarium kaniense {{Au|Lauterb.}} – New Guinea
• Canarium karoense {{Au|H.J.Lam}} – N Sumatra
• Canarium kerrii {{Au|Craib}} – Thailand
• Canarium kinabaluense {{Au|Leenh.}} – N Borneo
• Canarium kipella {{Au|(Blume) Miq.}} – W Java
• Canarium kostermansii {{Au|Leenh.}} – Borneo
• Canarium lamianum {{Au|Daly, Raharim. & Federman}} – Madagascar
• Canarium lamii {{Au|Leenh.}} – New Guinea
• Canarium latistipulatum {{Au|Ridl.}} – Borneo
• Canarium liguliferum {{Au|Leenh.}} – Solomon Islands (Rob Roy Island)
• Canarium littorale {{Au|Blume}} – Indo-China, Sumatra, Malay Peninsula, Java, Borneo
• Canarium lobocarpum {{Au|Daly, Raharim. & Federman}} – Madagascar
• Canarium longistipulatum {{Au|Daly, Raharim. & Federman}} – Madagascar
• Canarium luzonicum {{Au|(Blume) A.Gray}} – Philippines
• Canarium lyi {{Au|C.D.Dai & Yakovlev}} – Vietnam
• Canarium macadamii {{Au|Leenh.}} – New Guinea
• Canarium madagascariense {{Au|Engl.}} – Madagascar (Nosy Bé)
• Canarium maluense {{Au|Lauterb.}} – Sulawesi, Maluku, New Guinea, Borneo
• Canarium manii {{Au|King}} – Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Myanmar
• Canarium manongarivum {{Au|Daly, Raharim. & Federman}} – Madagascar
• Canarium megacarpum {{Au|Leenh.}} – New Guinea
• Canarium megalanthum {{Au|Merr.}} – Sumatra, Malay Peninsula, Borneo
• Canarium merrillii {{Au|H.J.Lam}} – Borneo
• Canarium muelleri {{Au|F.M.Bailey}} – Queensland endemic, Australia
• Canarium multiflorum {{Au|Engl.}} – Madagascar
• Canarium multinerve {{Au|Daly, Raharim. & Federman}} – Madagascar
• Canarium nitidifolium {{Au|Daly, Raharim. & Federman}} – Madagascar
• Canarium obovatum {{Au|Daly, Raharim. & Federman}} – Madagascar
• Canarium obtusifolium {{Au|Scott Elliot}} – eastern Madagascar
• Canarium odontophyllum {{Au|Miq.}} – Sumatra, Borneo, Philippines (Palawan)
• Canarium oleiferum {{Au|Baill.}} – New Caledonia endemic
• Canarium oleosum {{Au|(Lam.) Engl.}} – New Guinea, New Britain, Timor, Maluku, Sulawesi
• Canarium ovatum {{Au|Engl.}} – Philippines, cultivated Asia–Pacific
• Canarium pallidum {{Au|Daly, Raharim. & Federman}} – Madagascar
• Canarium paniculatum {{Au|(Lam.) Benth. ex Engl.}} – Mauritius
• Canarium parvum {{Au|Leenh.}} – S China, Vietnam
• Canarium patentinervium {{Au|Miq.}} – Sumatra, Malay Peninsula, Banka, Borneo
• Canarium perlisanum {{Au|Leenh.}} – Malay Peninsula (Perlis)
• Canarium pilicarpum {{Au|Daly, Raharim. & Federman}} – northern and east-northeastern Madagascar
• Canarium pilososylvestre {{Au|Leenh.}} – W New Guinea
• Canarium pilosum {{Au|A.W.Benn.}} – Sumatra, Malay Peninsula, Borneo
• subsp. borneensis {{Au|Leenh.}} – Borneo
• Canarium pimela {{Au|K.D.Koenig}} Chinese black olive (乌榄) – Vietnam, Cambodia, Laos, S China
• Canarium planifolium {{Au|Daly, Raharim. & Federman}} – Madagascar
• Canarium polyphyllum {{Au|K.Schum.}} – New Guinea
• Canarium pseudodecumanum {{Au|Hochr.}} – Sumatra, Malay Peninsula, Borneo
• Canarium pseudopatentinervium {{Au|H.J.Lam}} – S Sumatra, Banka, Borneo
• Canarium pseudopimela {{Au|Kochummen}} – Borneo (Sarawak)
• Canarium pseudosumatranum {{Au|Leenh.}} – Malay Peninsula
• Canarium pulchrebracteatum {{Au|Guillaumin}} – eastern Madagascar
• Canarium reniforme {{Au|Kochummen & Whitmore}} – Peninsular Malaysia
• Canarium resiniferum {{Au|Bruce ex King}} – Assam and Bangladesh
• Canarium rigidum {{Au|(Blume) Zipp. ex Miq.}} – New Guinea
• Canarium rotundifolium {{Au|Guillaumin}} – Cambodia and Vietnam
• Canarium salomonense {{Au|B.L.Burtt}} – New Guinea and Solomon Islands
• Canarium sarawakanum {{Au|Kochummen}} – Borneo (Sarawak)
• Canarium schweinfurthii {{Au|Engl.}} – African canarium; from Nigeria and Angola to Uganda
• Canarium sikkimense {{Au|King}} – Sikkim
• Canarium strictum {{Au|Roxb.}} – India, Burma, S China
• Canarium subsidarium {{Au|Daly, Raharim. & Federman}} – Madagascar
• Canarium subtile {{Au|Daly, Raharim. & Federman}} – Madagascar
• Canarium subulatum {{Au|Guillaumin}} – Thailand, Vietnam, Cambodia, Laos, S China
• Canarium sumatranum {{Au|Boerl. & Koord.}} – Sumatra, Malay Peninsula
• Canarium sylvestre {{Au|Gaertn.}} – New Guinea, Maluku
• Canarium thorelianum {{Au|Guillaumin}} – Cambodia and Vietnam
• Canarium trifoliolatum {{Au|Engl.}} – New Caledonia endemic
• Canarium trigonum {{Au|H.J.Lam}} – Sulawesi
• Canarium vanikoroense {{Au|Leenh.}} – Fiji, Santa Cruz Islands, Vanuatu, and Wallis and Futuna
• Canarium velutinifolium {{Au|Daly, Raharim. & Federman}} – Madagascar
• Canarium venosum {{Au|Craib}} – Thailand
• Canarium vitiense {{Au|A.Gray}} – Fiji, Solomon Is., Samoa, Tonga, New Guinea, Bismarck Arch., Admiralty Is., Louisiade Arch., Torres Strait I's, Qld Australia
• Canarium vittatistipulatum {{Au|Guillaumin}} – Vietnam
• Canarium vrieseanum {{Au|Engl.}} – Philippines, Sulawesi
• Canarium vulgare {{Au|Leenh.}} – Flores, Timor, Sulawesi, Maluku
• Canarium whitei {{Au|Guillaumin}} – New Caledonia endemic
• Canarium zeylanicum {{Au|(Retz.) Blume}} – Sri Lanka

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Superb fruit-doves (Ptilinopus superbus) are known to be fond of the fruit of scrub turpentine (C. australianum), which they swallow whole.

Many animals feed on the fruit of C. odontophyllum in the wild, such as the red-bellied lemur (Eulemur rubriventer) and the ruffed lemurs (Varecia) of Madagascar's eastern tropical forests. Canarium fruit is also an important part of the diet of the aye-aye (Daubentonia madagascarensis).{{cite journal |author1=Timothy M. Sefczek |author2=Zach J. Farris |author3=Patricia C. Wright |year=2012 |title=Aye-Aye (Daubentonia madagascariensis) Feeding Strategies at Ranomafana National Park, Madagascar: An Indirect Sampling Method |journal=Folia Primatologica; International Journal of Primatology |volume=- 83 |issue=1 |pages=1–10 |doi=10.1159/000338103 |pmid=22627178 |s2cid=207622496}}

Several species have edible nuts, known as galip nut or nangae (C. indicum), pili nut (C. ovatum), or simply canarium nut (C. harveyi and C. indicum). C. indicum are among the most important nut-bearing trees in eastern Indonesia and the Southwest Pacific. C. ovatum is cultivated as a food crop only in the Philippines.[https://hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/CropFactSheets/PiliNut.html Pili Nut, Canarium ovatum, New Crop Fact Sheet.] Purdue University Center for New Crops and Plant Products.

File:Dammar.jpg resin]]

C. odontophyllum, known commonly as dabai or kembayau, is a species with a nutritious fruit with a creamy taste. It is hard when raw and may be pickled or softened with hot water when prepared.

Canarium album produces a fruit consumed in Vietnam, Thailand (where it is known as nam liap ({{langx|th|หนำเลี้ยบ}}), samo chin ({{langx|th|สมอจีน}}) or kana ({{langx|th|กาน้า}})) and in China (Chinese: 橄欖) with an appearance of a big olive.

Canarium luzonicum, commonly known as elemi, is a tree native to the Philippines. An oleoresin, which contains Elemicin, is harvested from it.

Canarium strictum produces a resin called black dammar.

{{Reflist | 27em | refs=

{{IPNI

| id= 5127-1

| accessdate= 13 Nov 2013

| title= International Plant Names Index

| url= https://ipni.org/n/5127-1

}}

{{Cite book

| last1= Leenhouts | first1= P. W.

| last2= Kalkman | first2= C.

| last3= Lam | first3= H. J.

| date=March 1956

| contribution= Canarium (Burseraceae)

| contribution-url= https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/40228532

| access-date= 13 Nov 2013

| title= Flora Malesiana

| series= Series I, Spermatophyta : Flowering Plants

| volume= 5 | issue= 2 | pages= 249–296

| location= Leiden, The Netherlands

| publisher= Rijksherbarium / Hortus Botanicus, Leiden University

| chapter-format= Digitised, online

| isbn=

| title-link= Flora Malesiana

}}

{{Cite journal | last1= Crome | first1= F. H. J. | year= 1975 | title= The ecology of fruit pigeons in tropical northern Queensland | journal= Wildlife Research | volume= 2 | issue= 2 | pages= 155–185 | doi=10.1071/wr9750155| bibcode= 1975WildR...2..155C }}

{{Cite journal | last1= Frith | first1= H. J. | last2= Crome | first2= F. H. J. | last3= Wolfe | first3= T. O. | year= 1976 | title= Food of fruit-pigeons in New Guinea | journal= Emu | volume= 76 | issue= 2 | pages= 49–58 | url= http://www.publish.csiro.au/?paper=MU9760049 | access-date = 16 Nov 2013 | doi=10.1071/mu9760049| bibcode= 1976EmuAO..76...49F | url-access= subscription }}

}}

• {{cite web |title=Canarium L. |work=Atlas of Living Australia |url=https://bie.ala.org.au/species/http://id.biodiversity.org.au/node/apni/2918714}}

{{Taxonbar|from=Q2367663}}

Category:Burseraceae genera

Category:Dioecious plants

Category:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus