diclazepam

{{Short description|Benzodiazepine medication}}

{{Drugbox

| Verifiedfields = changed

| Watchedfields = changed

| verifiedrevid = 443634166

| IUPAC_name = 7-Chloro-5-(2-chlorophenyl)-1-methyl-1,3-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one

| image = Diclazepam structure.svg

| image_class = skin-invert-image

| width = 201

| image2 = Diclazepam molecule ball.png

| legal_CA = Schedule IV

| legal_BR = B1

| legal_BR_comment = {{Cite web |author=Anvisa |author-link=Brazilian Health Regulatory Agency |date=2023-03-31 |title=RDC Nº 784 - Listas de Substâncias Entorpecentes, Psicotrópicas, Precursoras e Outras sob Controle Especial |trans-title=Collegiate Board Resolution No. 784 - Lists of Narcotic, Psychotropic, Precursor, and Other Substances under Special Control|url=https://www.in.gov.br/en/web/dou/-/resolucao-rdc-n-784-de-31-de-marco-de-2023-474904992 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230803143925/https://www.in.gov.br/en/web/dou/-/resolucao-rdc-n-784-de-31-de-marco-de-2023-474904992 |archive-date=2023-08-03 |access-date=2023-08-16 |publisher=Diário Oficial da União |language=pt-BR |publication-date=2023-04-04}}

| legal_DE = Anlage II

| legal_UK = Class C

| legal_US = Schedule I

| routes_of_administration = Oral, sublingual

| bioavailability = ?

| metabolism = Hepatic

| elimination_half-life = ~42 hours{{cite journal | vauthors = Moosmann B, Bisel P, Auwärter V | title = Characterization of the designer benzodiazepine diclazepam and preliminary data on its metabolism and pharmacokinetics | journal = Drug Testing and Analysis | volume = 6 | issue = 7–8 | pages = 757–763 | date = July–August 2014 | pmid = 24604775 | doi = 10.1002/dta.1628 }}

| excretion = Renal

| CAS_number_Ref = {{cascite|correct|??}}

| CAS_number = 2894-68-0

| UNII_Ref = {{fdacite|correct|FDA}}

| UNII = 070818R7PB

| PubChem = 76168

| ChemSpiderID = 68652

| KEGG_Ref = {{keggcite|correct|kegg}}

| KEGG = C22813

| C = 16

| H = 12

| Cl = 2

| N = 2

| O = 1

| smiles = CN1C2=C(C=C(C=C2)Cl)C(C3=C(Cl)C=CC=C3)=NCC1=O

| StdInChI = 1S/C16H12Cl2N2O/c1-20-14-7-6-10(17)8-12(14)16(19-9-15(20)21)11-4-2-3-5-13(11)18/h2-8H,9H2,1H3

| StdInChIKey = VPAYQWRBBOGGPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N

}}

Diclazepam (Ro5-3448), also known as chlorodiazepam and 2'-chloro-diazepam, is a benzodiazepine and functional analog of diazepam. It was first synthesized by Leo Sternbach and his team at Hoffman-La Roche in 1960.{{Cite patent| country=US | number = 3136815 | title = Amino substituted benzophenone oximes and derivatives thereof}} It is not currently approved for use as a medication, but rather sold as an unscheduled substance.{{cite journal | vauthors = Pettersson Bergstrand M, Helander A, Hansson T, Beck O | title = Detectability of designer benzodiazepines in CEDIA, EMIT II Plus, HEIA, and KIMS II immunochemical screening assays | journal = Drug Testing and Analysis | volume = 9 | issue = 4 | pages = 640–645 | date = April 2017 | pmid = 27366870 | doi = 10.1002/dta.2003 }}{{cite journal | vauthors = Høiseth G, Tuv SS, Karinen R | title = Blood concentrations of new designer benzodiazepines in forensic cases | journal = Forensic Science International | volume = 268 | pages = 35–38 | date = November 2016 | pmid = 27685473 | doi = 10.1016/j.forsciint.2016.09.006 }}{{cite journal | vauthors = Manchester KR, Maskell PD, Waters L | title = Experimental versus theoretical log D_7.4 , pK_a and plasma protein binding values for benzodiazepines appearing as new psychoactive substances | journal = Drug Testing and Analysis | volume = 10 | issue = 8 | pages = 1258–1269 | date = March 2018 | pmid = 29582576 | doi = 10.1002/dta.2387 | url = https://rke.abertay.ac.uk/en/publications/527a634d-decc-4d3a-bdca-08659bb13ed6 }}{{cite journal | vauthors = Manchester KR, Waters L, Haider S, Maskell PD | title = The blood-to-plasma ratio and predicted GABA_A-binding affinity of designer benzodiazepines | journal = Forensic Toxicology | volume = 40 | issue = 2 | pages = 349–356 | date = July 2022 | pmid = 36454409 | pmc = 9715504 | doi = 10.1007/s11419-022-00616-y | s2cid = 247455284 | doi-access = free }} Efficacy and safety have not been tested in humans.

In animal models, its effects are similar to diazepam, possessing long-acting anxiolytic, anticonvulsant, hypnotic, sedative, skeletal muscle relaxant, and amnestic properties.{{citation needed|date=August 2015}}