genistoids

{{Short description|Clade of legumes}}

{{Automatic taxobox

| fossil_range = {{fossil range|56|0|Late Paleocene - recent|ref={{Cite web |title=Fabales|url=https://mobot.org/MOBOT/research/APweb/orders/fabalesweb.htm|access-date=2023-06-16 |website=www.mobot.org}}}}

| image = Genista_hirsuta_Habitus_DehesaBoyaldePuertollano.jpg

| image_caption = Genista hirsuta

| taxon = Genistoids

| authority = Wojciechowski et al. 2004{{cite journal |vauthors=Wojciechowski MF, Lavin M, Sanderson MJ | year = 2004 | title = A phylogeny of legumes (Leguminosae) based on analysis of the plastid matK gene resolves many well-supported subclades within the family | journal = Am J Bot | volume = 91 | pages = 1846–1862 | doi = 10.3732/ajb.91.11.1846 | pmid = 21652332 | issue=11| doi-access = free }}{{cite journal | author = Wojciechowski MF | year = 2013 | title = Towards a new classification of Leguminosae: Naming clades using non-Linnaean phylogenetic nomenclature | journal = S Afr J Bot | volume = 89 | pages = 85–93 | doi = 10.1016/j.sajb.2013.06.017 | doi-access = free }}

| subdivision_ranks = Tribes

| subdivision_ref = {{cite journal | vauthors = Cardoso D, de Queiroz LP, Pennington RT, de Lima HC, Fonty É, Wojciechowski MF, Lavin M | year = 2012 | title = Revisiting the phylogeny of papilionoid legumes: new insights from comprehensively sampled early-branching lineages | journal = Am J Bot | volume = 99 | issue = 12 | pages = 1991–2013 | doi = 10.3732/ajb.1200380 | pmid = 23221500 }}{{cite journal | vauthors = Cardoso D, Pennington RT, de Queiroz LP, Boatwright JS, Van Wyk BE, Wojciechowski MF, Lavin M | year = 2013 | title = Reconstructing the deep-branching relationships of the papilionoid legumes | journal = S Afr J Bot | volume = 89 | pages = 58–75 | doi = 10.1016/j.sajb.2013.05.001 | doi-access = free | hdl = 10566/3193 | hdl-access = free }}

| subdivision = * Brongniartieae

• Camoensieae
• Core Genistoids Crisp et al. 2000{{cite book | vauthors = Crisp MD, Gilmore S, Van Wyk BE | year = 2000 | chapter = Molecular phylogeny of the genistoid tribes of papilionoid legumes | veditors = Herendeen PS, Bruneau A | title = Advances in Legume Systematics, Part 9 | chapter-url = http://www.kewbooks.co.uk/asps/ShowDetails.asp?id=52 | publisher = Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew | pages = 249–276 | isbn = 978-1842460177 }}
• Crotalarieae
• Genisteae
• Podalyrieae
• Sophoreae
• Leptolobieae
• Ormosieae
• Genera and species incertae sedis
• Clathrotropis macrocarpa Ducke
• Haplormosia Harms{{cite journal | vauthors = Cardoso D, Harris DJ, Wieringa JJ, São-Mateus WM, Batalha-Filho H, Torke BM, Prenner G, de Queiroz LP | year = 2017 | title = A molecular-dated phylogeny and biogeography of the monotypic legume genus Haplormosia, a missing African branch of the otherwise American-Australian Brongniartieae clade | journal = Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution | volume = 107 | pages = 431–442 | doi = 10.1016/j.ympev.2016.12.012| pmid = 27965083 | doi-access = free | bibcode = 2017MolPE.107..431C }}
• Oberholzeria Swanepoel et al. 2015{{cite journal | vauthors = Swanepoel W, le Roux MM, Wojciechowski MF, van Wyk AE | title = Oberholzeria (Fabaceae subfam. Faboideae), a New Monotypic Legume Genus from Namibia | journal = PLOS ONE | volume = 10 | issue = 3 | pages = e0122080 | pmc = 4376691 | doi = 10.1371/journal.pone.0122080 | pmid = 25816251 | year = 2015 | bibcode = 2015PLoSO..1022080S | doi-access = free }}
• Orphanodendron Barneby & J.W.Grimes{{cite journal | vauthors = Castellanos C, Lewis GP, Banks H, Steeves R, Bruneau A | year = 2016 | title = A settled sub-family for the orphan tree: The phylogenetic position of the endemic Colombian genus Orphanodendron in the Leguminosae | journal = Brittonia | volume = 69 | pages = 1–9 | doi = 10.1007/s12228-016-9451-3| s2cid = 43040112 }}
• Pericopsis Thwaites
• Sakoanala R. Vig.

| synonyms = * Genistoids sensu lato

• Genistoid alliance sensu Polhill 1981{{cite book | author = Polhill RM | year = 1981 | chapter = Papilionoideae | veditors = Polhill RM, Raven PH | title = Advances in Legume Systematics, Parts 1 and 2 | chapter-url = http://www.kewbooks.com/asps/ShowDetails.asp?id=318 | publisher = Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew | pages = 191–208 | isbn = 9780855212247 | access-date = 2014-07-03 | archive-date = 2013-07-23 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130723234652/http://www.kewbooks.com/asps/ShowDetails.asp?id=318 | url-status = dead }}

}}

The Genistoids are one of the major radiations in the plant family Fabaceae. Members of this phylogenetic clade are primarily found in the Southern hemisphere. Some genera are pollinated by birds. The genistoid clade is consistently resolved as monophyletic in molecular phylogenetic analyses.{{cite journal | author = LPWG [Legume Phylogeny Working Group] | year = 2013 | title = Legume phylogeny and classification in the 21st century: progress, prospects and lessons for other species-rich clades | journal = Taxon | volume = 62 | issue = 2 | pages = 217–248 | doi=10.12705/622.8| hdl = 10566/3455 | url = https://www.zora.uzh.ch/id/eprint/78167/1/Taxon_2013_217-248.pdf }}{{cite journal |vauthors=Lavin M, Herendeen PS, Wojciechowski MF | year = 2005 | title = Evolutionary rates analysis of Leguminosae implicates a rapid diversification of lineages during the tertiary | journal = Syst Biol | volume = 54 | issue = 4 | pages = 575–94 | doi = 10.1080/10635150590947131 | pmid = 16085576 | s2cid = 39186425 | doi-access = free }}{{cite journal |vauthors=McMahon MM, Sanderson MJ | year = 2006 | title = Phylogenetic supermatrix analysis of GenBank sequences from 2228 papilionoid legumes | journal = Syst Biol | volume = 99 | issue = 12 | pages = 1991–2013 | doi = 10.1080/10635150600999150 | pmid = 17060202 | doi-access = free }}{{cite journal |vauthors=Pennington RT, Lavin M, Ireland H, Klitgaard B, Preston J, Hu JM | year = 2001 | title = Phylogenetic relationships of basal papilionoid legumes based upon sequences of the chloroplast trnL intron | url = http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.1043/0363-6445-26.3.537 | journal = Syst Bot | volume = 55 | issue = 5 | pages = 818–836 | doi = 10.1043/0363-6445-26.3.537 | doi-broken-date = 1 November 2024 }}{{cite journal |vauthors=Doyle JJ, Doyle JL, Ballenger JA, Dickson EE, Kajita T, Ohashi H | year = 1997 | title = A phylogeny of the chloroplast gene rbcL in the Leguminosae: taxonomic correlations and insights into the evolution of nodulation | journal = Am J Bot | volume = 84 | issue = 4 | pages = 541–554 | pmid = 21708606 | doi=10.2307/2446030| jstor = 2446030 }} It is estimated to have arisen 56.4 ± 0.2 million years ago (in the Paleocene). A node-based definition for the genistoids is: "the MRCA of Poecilanthe parviflora and Lupinus argenteus." One morphological synapomorphy has been tentatively identified: production of quinolizidine alkaloids.{{cite journal |vauthors=Kinghorn AD, Hussain RA, Robbins EF, Balandrin MF, Stirton CH, Evans SV | year = 1988 | title = Alkaloid distribution in seeds of Ormosia, Pericopsis and Haplormosia | journal = Phytochemistry | volume = 27 | issue = 2 | pages = 439–444 | doi = 10.1016/0031-9422(88)83116-9 | bibcode = 1988PChem..27..439K }}{{cite journal | author = Van Wyk B-E. | year = 2003 | title = The value of chemosystematics in clarifying relationships in the Genistoid tribes of papilionoid legumes | journal = Biochem Syst Ecol | volume = 31 | issue = 8 | pages = 875–884 | doi = 10.1016/S0305-1978(03)00083-8 | bibcode = 2003BioSE..31..875V }}{{cite journal |vauthors=Wink M, Mohamed GI | year = 2003 | title = Evolution of chemical defense traits in the Leguminosae: mapping of distribution patterns of secondary metabolites on a molecular phylogeny inferred from nucleotide sequences of the rbcL gene | journal = Biochem Syst Ecol | volume = 31 | issue = 8 | pages = 897–917 | doi = 10.1016/S0305-1978(03)00085-1 | bibcode = 2003BioSE..31..897W }} Some genera also accumulate pyrrolizidine. A new genus, to be segregated from Clathrotropis, has also been proposed to occupy an undetermined position within the genistoid clade.