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high-dynamic-range television

{{short description|Video and image technology for HDR displays}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2021}}

{{Use American English|date=December 2024}}

High-dynamic-range television (HDR-TV) is a technology that uses high dynamic range (HDR) to improve the quality of display signals. It is contrasted with the retroactively-named standard dynamic range (SDR). HDR changes the way the luminance and colors of videos and images are represented in the signal and allows brighter and more detailed highlight representation, darker and more detailed shadows, and more intense colors.{{Cite web|title=HDR (High Dynamic Range) on TVs explained|url=https://www.flatpanelshd.com/focus.php?subaction=showfull&id=1435052975|access-date=2021-04-25|website=FlatpanelsHD}}{{Cite web|title=ITU-R Report BT.2390 - High dynamic range television for production and international programme exchange|url=https://www.itu.int/pub/R-REP-BT.2390|access-date=2021-04-26|website=ITU|language=en-US}}

HDR allows compatible displays to receive a higher-quality image source. It does not improve a display's intrinsic properties (brightness, contrast, and color capabilities). Not all HDR displays have the same capabilities, and HDR content will look different depending on the display used, and the standards specify the required conversion depending on display capabilities.{{Cite web|title=Why Your HDR Monitor is (Probably) Not HDR at All – and Why DisplayHDR 400 Needs to Go|url=https://www.tftcentral.co.uk/blog/why-your-hdr-monitor-is-probably-not-hdr-at-all-and-why-displayhdr-400-needs-to-go/|access-date=2021-05-01|work=TFT Central|date=18 March 2019|language=en-US}}

HDR-TV is a part of HDR imaging, an end-to-end process of increasing the dynamic range of images and videos from their capture and creation to their storage, distribution and display. Often, HDR is used with wide color gamut (WCG) technology. WCG increases the gamut and number of distinct colors available. HDR increases the range of luminance available for each color. HDR and WCG are separable but complementary technologies. Standards-compliant HDR display also has WCG capabilities, as mandated by Rec. 2100 and other common HDR specifications.

The use of HDR in television sets began in the late 2010s. By 2020, most high-end and mid-range TVs supported HDR, and some budget models did as well. HDR-TVs are now the standard for most new televisions.

There are a number of different HDR formats, including HDR10, HDR10+, Dolby Vision, and HLG. HDR10 is the most common format and is supported by all HDR TVs. Dolby Vision is a more advanced format that offers some additional features, such as scene-by-scene mastering. HDR10+ is a newer format that is similar to Dolby Vision but is royalty-free. HLG is a broadcast HDR format that is used by some TV broadcasters.

Description

Before HDR, improvements in display fidelity were typically achieved by increasing the pixel quantity, density (resolution) and the display's frame rate. By contrast, HDR improves the perceived fidelity of the existing individual pixels.{{Cite web|last=Morrison|first=Geoffrey|title=HDR is a big step in TV picture quality. Here's why.|url=https://www.cnet.com/how-to/what-is-hdr-for-tvs-and-why-should-you-care/|access-date=2021-04-26|website=CNET|language=en}} Standard dynamic range (SDR) is still based on and limited by the characteristics of older cathode-ray tubes (CRTs), despite the huge advances in screen and display technologies since CRT's obsolescence.

SDR formats are able to represent a maximum luminance level of around 100 nits. For HDR, this number increases to around 1,000–10,000 nits. HDR can represent darker black levels and more saturated colors. The most common SDR formats are limited to the Rec. 709/sRGB gamut, while common HDR formats use Rec. 2100, which is a wide color gamut (WCG).

In practice, HDR is not always used at its limits. HDR contents are often limited to a peak brightness of 1,000 or 4,000 nits and P3-D65 colors, even if they are stored in formats capable of more. Content creators can choose to what extent they make use of HDR capabilities. They can constrain themselves to the limits of SDR even if the content is delivered in an HDR format.

The benefits of HDR depend on the display capabilities, which vary. No current display is able to reproduce the maximal range of brightness and colors that can be represented in HDR formats.

= Benefits =

The highlights—the brightest parts of an image—can be brighter, more colorful, and more detailed. The larger capacity for brightness can be used to increase the brightness of small areas without increasing the overall image's brightness, resulting in, for example, bright reflections from shiny objects, bright stars in a dark night scene, and bright and colorful light-emissive objects (e.g. fire, and sunset).{{Cite web|title=We need to talk about HDR|url=https://www.flatpanelshd.com/focus.php?subaction=showfull&id=1602751285|access-date=2021-04-26|website=FlatpanelsHD}}

The shadows or lowlights—the darkest parts of an image—can be darker and more detailed.

The colorful parts of the image can be even more colorful if a WCG is used.

The color dynamism and wider range of colors frequently attributed to HDR video is actually a consequence of a WCG. This has become a point of significant confusion among consumers, whereby HDR and WCG are either confused for each other or treated as interchangeable. While HDR displays typically have WCGs and displays with WCGs are usually capable of HDR, one does not imply the other; there are SDR displays with WCGs. Some HDR standards specify WCG as a prerequisite of compliance. Regardless, when a WCG is available on an HDR display, the image as a whole can be more colorful due to the wider range of colors.

More subjective, practical benefits of HDR video include more realistic luminance variation between scenes (such as sunlit, indoor, and night scenes), better surface material identification, and better in-depth perception, even with 2D imagery.

= Preservation of content creator intent =

When a display’s capabilities are insufficient to reproduce all the brightness, contrast and colors that are represented in the HDR content, the image needs to be adjusted to fit the display’s capabilities. Some HDR formats (such as Dolby Vision and HDR10+) allow the content creator to choose how the adjustment will be done. Other HDR formats, such as HDR10 and hybrid log–gamma (HLG), do not offer this possibility, so the content creator's intents are not ensured to be preserved on less capable displays.

For optimal quality, standards require video to be created and viewed in a relatively dark environment.{{cite news|last=|first=|date=4 July 2016|title=BT.2100 : Image parameter values for high dynamic range television for use in production and international programme exchange|work=|publisher=International Telecommunication Union|url=https://www.itu.int/rec/R-REC-BT.2100|url-status=live|access-date=25 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190427004028/https://www.itu.int/rec/R-REC-BT.2100|archive-date=27 April 2019}}{{Cite web|title=BT.2035 : A reference viewing environment for evaluation of HDTV program material or completed programmes|url=https://www.itu.int/rec/R-REC-BT.2035/en|access-date=2021-04-26|website=www.itu.int}} Dolby Vision IQ and HDR10+ Adaptive adjust the content according to the ambient light.{{Cite web|last=January 2020|first=Becky Roberts 22|title=Dolby Vision IQ: everything you need to know|url=https://www.whathifi.com/advice/dolby-vision-iq-everything-you-need-to-know|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201028205450/https://www.whathifi.com/advice/dolby-vision-iq-everything-you-need-to-know|archive-date=28 October 2020|access-date=19 August 2020|website=whathifi|language=en}}{{Cite web|last=January 2021|first=Becky Roberts 04|title=Samsung HDR10+ Adaptive adjusts HDR pictures based on room lighting – yes, like Dolby Vision IQ|url=https://www.whathifi.com/news/samsung-hdr10-adaptive-adjusts-picture-based-on-room-lighting-yes-like-dolby-vision-iq|access-date=2021-04-26|website=whathifi|date=4 January 2021|language=en}}

Formats

Since 2014, multiple HDR formats have emerged including HDR10, HDR10+, Dolby Vision, and HLG.{{Cite web |date=6 January 2014 |title=CES 2014: Dolby Vision promises a brighter future for TV, Netflix and Xbox Video on board |url=https://www.expertreviews.co.uk/go/27453 |access-date=2021-04-24 |website=Expert Reviews |language=en}} Some formats are royalty-free and others require a license. The formats vary in their capabilities.

Dolby Vision and HDR10+ include dynamic metadata while HDR10 and HLG do not. The dynamic metadata are used to improve image quality on limited displays that are not capable of reproducing an HDR video to its fullest intended extent. Dynamic metadata allows content creators to control and choose the way the image is adjusted.{{Cite web|title=Dolby Vision and Independent Filmmaking|url=https://www.mysterybox.us/blog/2019/3/18/dolby-vision-and-independent-filmmaking-e75yg|access-date=2021-05-01|website=Mystery Box|language=en-US|archive-date=4 December 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221204180044/https://www.mysterybox.us/blog/2019/3/18/dolby-vision-and-independent-filmmaking-e75yg|url-status=dead}}

= HDR10 =

thumb

{{Main|HDR10}}

The HDR10 Media Profile, more commonly known as HDR10, is an open HDR standard announced on 27 August 2015 by the Consumer Technology Association.{{cite news|author=Rachel Cericola|date=27 August 2015|title=What Makes a TV HDR-Compatible? The CEA Sets Guidelines|publisher=Big Picture Big Sound|url=http://www.bigpicturebigsound.com/What-Makes-a-TV-HDR-Compatible-The-CEA-Sets-Guidelines.shtml|url-status=live|access-date=21 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150913003506/http://www.bigpicturebigsound.com/What-Makes-a-TV-HDR-Compatible-The-CEA-Sets-Guidelines.shtml|archive-date=13 September 2015}} It is the most widespread of the HDR formats,{{cite web|author1=Michael Bizzaco|author2=Ryan Waniata|author3=Simon Cohen|date=19 December 2020|title=HDR TV: What it is and why your next TV should have it|url=https://www.digitaltrends.com/home-theater/what-is-hdr-tv/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201221081838/https://www.digitaltrends.com/home-theater/what-is-hdr-tv/|archive-date=21 December 2020|access-date=2 January 2021|website=Digital Trends|publisher=Designtechnica Corporation}} and is not backward compatible with SDR displays. It is technically limited to a maximum peak brightness of 10,000 nits; however, HDR10 content is commonly mastered with a peak brightness between 1000 and 4000 nits.

HDR10 lacks dynamic metadata.{{Cite web|last=Consumer Technology Association|date=27 August 2015|title=CEA Defines 'HDR Compatible' Displays|url=https://www.cta.tech/News/Press-Releases/2015/August/CEA-Defines-‘HDR-Compatible’-Displays.aspx|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190611151620/https://www.cta.tech/News/Press-Releases/2015/August/CEA-Defines-%E2%80%98HDR-Compatible%E2%80%99-Displays.aspx|archive-date=11 June 2019|access-date=12 February 2021|website=}} On HDR10 displays that have lower color volume than the HDR10 content (such as lower peak brightness capability), the HDR10 metadata provides information to help the display adjust to the video. The metadata is static and constant with respect to each individual video and does not inform the display exactly how the content should be adjusted. The interaction between display capabilities, video metadata, and the ultimate output (i.e. the presentation of the video) is mediated by the display, with the result that the original producer's intent may not be preserved.

= Dolby Vision =

File:Dolby Vision 2021 logo.svg

{{Main|Dolby Vision}}

Dolby Vision is an end-to-end ecosystem for HDR video, and covers content creation, distribution, and playback.{{Cite web|last=Dolby|title=Dolby Vision Whitepaper - An introduction to Dolby Vision|url=https://professional.dolby.com/siteassets/pdfs/dolby-vision-whitepaper_an-introduction-to-dolby-vision_0916.pdf|access-date=24 April 2021}} It uses dynamic metadata and is capable of representing luminance levels of up to 10,000 nits. Dolby Vision certification requires displays for content creators to have a peak luminance of at least 1,000 nits.{{Cite web|title=Dolby Vision for Content Creators - Workflows|url=https://professional.dolby.com/content-creation/dolby-vision-for-content-creators/2|access-date=2021-04-24|website=professional.dolby.com|language=en}}

= HDR10+ =

thumb

{{main|HDR10+|l1 = }}

HDR10+, also known as HDR10 Plus, is an HDR video format announced on 20 April 2017.{{cite news|date=20 April 2017|title=Samsung and Amazon Video Deliver Next Generation HDR Video Experience with Updated Open Standard HDR10+|publisher=Samsung|url=https://news.samsung.com/global/samsung-and-amazon-video-deliver-next-generation-hdr-video-experience-with-updated-open-standard-hdr10|url-status=dead|access-date=20 April 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170613213502/https://news.samsung.com/global/samsung-and-amazon-video-deliver-next-generation-hdr-video-experience-with-updated-open-standard-hdr10|archive-date=13 June 2017}} It is the same as HDR10 but with the addition of a system of dynamic metadata developed by Samsung.{{cite news|author=John Laposky|date=20 April 2017|title=Samsung, Amazon Video Team To Deliver Updated Open Standard HDR10+|publisher=Twice|url=http://www.twice.com/news/tv/samsung-amazon-video-team-deliver-updated-open-standard-hdr10/64840|url-status=live|access-date=29 April 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170423111007/http://www.twice.com/news/tv/samsung-amazon-video-team-deliver-updated-open-standard-hdr10/64840|archive-date=23 April 2017}}{{Cite book|title=Dynamic Metadata for Color Volume Transform — Application #4|date=September 2016|isbn=978-1-68303-048-5|pages=1–26|doi=10.5594/SMPTE.ST2094-40.2016}}{{cite news|title=SMPTE ST 2094 and Dynamic Metadata|publisher=Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers|url=https://www.smpte.org/sites/default/files/2017-01-12-ST-2094-Borg-V2-Handout.pdf|url-status=live|access-date=25 January 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202043518/https://www.smpte.org/sites/default/files/2017-01-12-ST-2094-Borg-V2-Handout.pdf|archive-date=2 February 2017}} It is free to use for content creators and has a maximum $10,000 annual license for some manufacturers.{{Cite web|title=License Program - HDR10+|url=https://hdr10plus.org/license-program/|access-date=2021-05-01|website=hdr10plus.org}} It has been positioned as an alternative to Dolby Vision without the same expenses.

= HLG =

{{Main article|Hybrid log–gamma}}

HLG format is an HDR format that can be used for video and still images.{{Cite web|title=HDR video formats - the prospects|url=https://www.flatpanelshd.com/focus.php?subaction=showfull&id=1510231527|access-date=2021-09-11|website=FlatpanelsHD}} It uses the HLG transfer function, Rec. 2020 color primaries, and a bit depth of 10 bits.{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=19 October 2020|title=Ultra HD Forum Guidelines v2.4|url=https://ultrahdforum.org/wp-content/uploads/UHD-Guidelines-V2.4-Fall2020-1.pdf|access-date=31 January 2021|website=}} The format is backwards compatible with SDR UHDTV, but not with older SDR displays that do not implement the Rec. 2020 color standards. It does not use metadata and is royalty-free.

= PQ10 (PQ format) =

PQ10, sometimes referred to as the PQ format, is an HDR format that can be used for video and still images.{{Cite web|title=HDR terminology demystified|url=https://www.flatpanelshd.com/focus.php?subaction=showfull&id=1566562819|access-date=2021-09-12|website=FlatpanelsHD}}{{Cite web|date=2019-12-26|title=The advent of a new age in which cameras demonstrate their true potential|url=https://global.canon/en/technology/hdr2019.html|access-date=2021-09-11|website=Canon Global|language=en}} It is the same as the HDR10 format without any metadata. It uses the perceptual quantizer (PQ) transfer function, Rec. 2020 color primaries and a bit depth of 10 bits.

= HDR Vivid =

HDR Vivid is an HDR format developed by the China Ultra HD Video Alliance (CUVA) and released in March 2021.{{Cite web |title=HDR Vivid UHD Audio and Video {{!}} HiSilicon |url=https://www.hisilicon.com/en/techtalk/hdr-vivid |access-date=2022-07-13 |website=www.hisilicon.com}}{{Cite web |last=Priestley |first=Jenny |date=2021-03-10 |title=HDR Vivid: What is it, and why should the media tech industry care? |url=https://www.tvbeurope.com/media-consumption/hdr-vivid-what-is-it-and-why-should-the-media-tech-industry-care |access-date=2022-07-13 |website=TVBEurope |language=en-GB}}{{Cite web |title=UHD {{!}} China's HDR Vivid Unveiled, and Soon to be Deployed |url=https://www.hisilicon.com/en/about-us/press/news/cuva-hdr-vivid-commercial-use |access-date=2022-07-13 |website=www.hisilicon.com}} It uses dynamic metadata standardized in CUVA 005-2020.{{Cite web |title=Meet the latest HDR video format, HDR Vivid |url=https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/meet-latest-hdr-video-format-vidid-yoeri-geutskens |access-date=2022-07-13 |website=www.linkedin.com |language=en}}{{Cite web |title=超高清视频产业联盟官网 |url=http://www.cuva.org.cn/cuva/cgzs/bzgf/261.html |access-date=2022-07-13 |website=www.cuva.org.cn}}

= Other formats =

  • Technicolor Advanced HDR: An HDR format which aims to be backward compatible with SDR. {{As of|2020|12|19}} there is no commercial content available in this format. It is a global term for either SL-HDR1, SL-HDR2, SL-HDR3.{{Cite web |title=What is Advanced HDR by technicolor |url=https://www.cnet.com/tech/home-entertainment/what-is-advanced-hdr-by-technicolor/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230309222248/https://www.cnet.com/tech/home-entertainment/what-is-advanced-hdr-by-technicolor/ |archive-date=9 March 2023 }}
  • SL-HDR1 (Single-Layer HDR system Part 1) is an HDR standard that was jointly developed by STMicroelectronics, Philips International B.V., and Technicolor R&D France.{{cite news |title=High-Performance Single Layer Directly Standard Dynamic Range (SDR) Compatible High Dynamic Range (HDR) System for use in Consumer Electronics devices (SL-HDR1) |publisher=ETSI|url=https://portal.etsi.org/webapp/WorkProgram/Report_WorkItem.asp?wki_id=49423 |access-date=2 November 2016 |archive-date=2 October 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161002081300/https://portal.etsi.org/webapp/WorkProgram/Report_WorkItem.asp?wki_id=49423 |url-status=live }} It was standardised as ETSI TS 103 433 in August 2016.{{cite news |title=ETSI Technical Specification TS 103 433 V1.1.1 |publisher=ETSI|url=http://www.etsi.org/deliver/etsi_ts/103400_103499/103433/01.01.01_60/ts_103433v010101p.pdf |date=3 August 2016 |access-date=2 November 2016 |archive-date=2 October 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161002062717/http://www.etsi.org/deliver/etsi_ts/103400_103499/103433/01.01.01_60/ts_103433v010101p.pdf |url-status=live }} SL-HDR1 provides direct backward compatibility by using static (SMPTE ST 2086) and dynamic metadata (using SMPTE ST 2094-20 Philips and 2094-30 Technicolor formats) to reconstruct an HDR signal from an SDR video stream that can be delivered using existing SDR distribution networks and services. SL-HDR1 allows for HDR rendering on HDR devices and SDR rendering on SDR devices using a single-layer video stream. The HDR reconstruction metadata can be added either to HEVC or AVC using a supplemental enhancement information (SEI) message. Version 1.3.1 was published in March 2020.{{Cite web|last=ETSI|date=March 2020|title=ETSI TS 103 433-1 V1.3.1|url=https://www.etsi.org/deliver/etsi_ts/103400_103499/10343301/01.03.01_60/ts_10343301v010301p.pdf|access-date=2 May 2021}} It is based on a gamma curve.
  • SL-HDR2 uses a PQ curve with dynamic metadata.{{Cite web|last=ETSI|date=March 2021|title=ETSI TS 103 433-2 V1.2.1|url=https://www.etsi.org/deliver/etsi_ts/103400_103499/10343302/01.02.01_60/ts_10343302v010201p.pdf|access-date=2 May 2021}}
  • SL-HDR3 uses a HLG curve.{{Cite web|last=ETSI|date=March 2020|title=ETSI TS 103 433-3 V1.1.1|url=https://www.etsi.org/deliver/etsi_ts/103400_103499/10343303/01.01.01_60/ts_10343303v010101p.pdf|access-date=2 May 2021}}
  • EclairColor HDR is an HDR format that is only used in a professional movie environment. It requires certified screens or projectors and the format is only rarely used. It is based on a gamma curve.{{Cite web |title=EclairColor HDR |url=https://eclaircolor.com/en/hdr-technology |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230326133820/https://eclaircolor.com/en/hdr-technology |archive-date=26 March 2023 }}

= Comparison of HDR formats =

class="wikitable" style="max-width: 1200px;"

|+HDR formats comparison table

! scope="col" style="width: 16%;" colspan="2" |

! scope="col" style="width: 18%;" | HDR10

! scope="col" style="width: 18%;" | HDR10+

! scope="col" style="width: 24%;" | Dolby Vision

! scope="col" style="width: 24%;" | HLG

colspan="2" |Developed by

|CTA

|Samsung

|Dolby

|NHK and BBC

colspan="2" |Year

|2015

|2017

|2014

|2015

colspan="2" |Cost

|Free

|Free (for content company)

Yearly license (for manufacturer){{Cite web|title=License Program - HDR10+|url=https://hdr10plus.org/license-program/|access-date=2021-02-14|website=hdr10plus.org}}

|Proprietary

|Free

colspan="6" |Color space
colspan="2" |Transfer function

|PQ

|PQ

|

  • PQ (in most profiles){{Cite web|last=Dolby|date=|title=Dolby Vision Profiles and Levels Version 1.3.2 - Specification|url=https://professional.dolby.com/siteassets/content-creation/dolby-vision-for-content-creators/dolbyvisionprofileslevels_v1_3_2_2019_09_16.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200929014520/https://professional.dolby.com/siteassets/content-creation/dolby-vision-for-content-creators/dolbyvisionprofileslevels_v1_3_2_2019_09_16.pdf|archive-date=29 September 2020|access-date=12 February 2021|website=}}
  • SDR (in profiles 4, 8.2, and 9)
  • HLG (in profile 8.4)

|HLG

colspan="2" |Bit Depth

|10 bit

|10 bit (or more)

|10 bit (or 12 bit using FEL){{refn|group=note|12-bit is achieved via reconstruction by combining a 10-bit base layer with a 10-bit enhancement layer. Current profiles only allow a 1920x1080 enhancement layer for 4K video.}}

|10 bit

rowspan="2" |Peak luminance

!Technical limit

|10,000 nits

|10,000 nits

|10,000 nits

|Variable

Contents

|No rules

1,000 - 4,000 nits (common){{Cite web|title=HDR10 vs HDR10+ vs Dolby Vision: Which is better?|url=https://www.rtings.com/tv/learn/hdr10-vs-dolby-vision|access-date=2021-02-13|website=RTINGS.com|language=en-US}}

|No rules

1,000 - 4,000 nits (common)

|(At least 1,000 nits{{Cite web|title=Dolby Vision for Content Creators|url=https://professional.dolby.com/content-creation/dolby-vision-for-content-creators/3|access-date=2021-02-12|website=professional.dolby.com|language=en}})

4,000 nits common

|1,000 nits common{{Cite web|title=Guidance for operational practices in HDR television production|url=https://www.itu.int/pub/R-REP-BT.2408-3-2019|access-date=2021-02-14|website=www.itu.int}}

rowspan="2" |Color primaries

!Technical limit

|Rec. 2020

|Rec. 2020

|Rec. 2020

|Rec. 2020

Contents

|P3-D65 (common){{Cite web|title=Understanding HDR10 and Dolby Vision|url=https://www.gsmarena.com/understanding_hdr10_and_dolby_vision-news-46151.php|access-date=2021-02-14|website=GSMArena.com|language=en-US}}

|P3-D65 (common)

|At least P3-D65

|P3-D65 (common)

colspan="6" |Other characteristics
colspan="2" |Metadata

|

  • Static

|

  • Static
  • Dynamic{{Refn|The dynamic metadata of Dolby Vision and HDR10+ are not the same.|name=dynamic metadata note|group=note}}
  • Automatically generated

|

  • Static
  • Dynamic{{Refn|name=dynamic metadata note|group=note}}
  • Automatically generated
  • Manually generated trims

|{{N/a|None}}

colspan="2" |Backward compatibility

|{{N/a|None}}

|

  • HDR10

|Dependent on profile and compatibility level:

  • No compatibility
  • SDR
  • HDR10
  • HLG
  • UHD Blu-ray (means HDR10 with further restrictions)

|

  • SDR displays supporting Rec. 2020 (such as UHD-TV)
colspan="2" |Notes

|The PQ10 format is same as HDR10 without the metadata.

|

|Technical characteristics of Dolby Vision depend on the profile used, but all profiles support HDR with Dolby Vision dynamic metadata.

|HLG backward compatibility is acceptable for SDR UHDTV displays that can interpret the BT.2020 colour space. It is not intended for traditional SDR displays that can only interpret BT.709 colorimetry.{{cite web|date=19 October 2020|title=UHD Forum Guidelines|url=https://ultrahdforum.org/wp-content/uploads/UHD-Guidelines-V2.4-Fall2020-1.pdf|publisher=Ultra HD Forum}}

colspan="2" |Sources

|

|{{Cite web|last=HDR10+ Technologies, LLC|date=4 September 2019|title=HDR10+ System Whitepaper|url=https://hdr10plus.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/HDR10_WhitePaper.pdf|access-date=12 February 2021|website=|archive-date=4 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190904110551/https://hdr10plus.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/HDR10_WhitePaper.pdf|url-status=dead}}{{Cite web|last=Archer|first=John|title=Samsung And Amazon Just Made The TV World Even More Confusing|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/johnarcher/2017/04/20/samsung-and-amazon-just-made-the-tv-world-even-more-confusing/|access-date=2021-02-12|website=Forbes|language=en}}

|{{Cite web|last=Dolby|date=|title=Dolby Vision Whitepaper - An introduction to Dolby Vision|url=https://professional.dolby.com/siteassets/pdfs/dolby-vision-whitepaper_an-introduction-to-dolby-vision_0916.pdf|access-date=14 February 2021|website=}}{{Cite web|last=Pocket-lint|date=2020-10-13|title=What is Dolby Vision? Dolby's own HDR tech explained|url=https://www.pocket-lint.com/tv/news/dolby/139947-what-is-dolby-vision-dolby-s-very-own-hdr-tv-tech-explained|access-date=2021-02-14|website=Pocket-lint|language=en-gb}}{{Cite web|last=Dolby|date=14 May 2021|title=Dolby Vision Metadata Levels|url=https://professionalsupport.dolby.com/s/article/Dolby-Vision-Metadata-Levels?language=en_US|access-date=11 Sep 2021}}

|

== Notes ==

{{reflist|group=note}}

Displays

TV sets with enhanced dynamic range and upscaling of existing SDR/LDR video/broadcast content with reverse tone mapping have been anticipated since the early 2000s.{{cite book|author1=Karol Myszkowski|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PVPggnBIC-wC&q=viable|title=High Dynamic Range Video|author2=Rafal Mantiuk|author3=Grzegorz Krawczyk|publisher=Morgan & Claypool|year=2008|isbn=9781598292145|edition=First|page=8|access-date=11 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210123115652/https://books.google.com/books?id=PVPggnBIC-wC&q=viable|archive-date=23 January 2021|url-status=live}}[http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.228.7780 Ldr2Hdr: on-the-fly reverse tone mapping of legacy video and photographs] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171222052610/http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.228.7780|date=22 December 2017}}. SIGGRAPH 2007 paper In 2016, HDR conversion of SDR video was released to market as Samsung's HDR+ (in LCD TV sets){{cite news|author=Steven Cohen|date=27 July 2016|title=Samsung Releases HDR+ Firmware Update for 2016 SUHD TV Lineup|publisher=High-Def Digest|url=http://www.highdefdigest.com/news/show/Samsung/hdr/high-dynamic-range/updates/Firmware/4K/Ultra_HD/suhd-tvs/Quantum_Dots/samsung-releases-hdr-firmware-update-for-2016-suhd-tv-lineup/33753|url-status=live|access-date=7 August 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160802140109/http://www.highdefdigest.com/news/show/Samsung/hdr/high-dynamic-range/updates/Firmware/4K/Ultra_HD/suhd-tvs/Quantum_Dots/samsung-releases-hdr-firmware-update-for-2016-suhd-tv-lineup/33753|archive-date=2 August 2016}} and Technicolor SA's HDR Intelligent Tone Management.{{cite news|author=Carolyn Giardina|date=11 April 2016|title=NAB: Technicolor, Vubiquity to Unwrap HDR Up-Conversion and TV Distribution Service|work=The Hollywood Reporter|url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/behind-screen/nab-2016-technicolor-vubiquity-unwrap-882261|url-status=live|access-date=10 August 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160716205115/http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/behind-screen/nab-2016-technicolor-vubiquity-unwrap-882261|archive-date=16 July 2016}}

As of 2018, high-end consumer-grade HDR displays can achieve 1,000 cd/m2 of luminance, at least for a short duration or over a small portion of the screen, compared to 250-300 cd/m2 for a typical SDR display.{{cite web|title=Summary of DisplayHDR Specs|url=https://displayhdr.org/performance-criteria/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190125004925/https://displayhdr.org/performance-criteria/|archive-date=25 January 2019|access-date=31 December 2018|website=VESA Certified DisplayHDR}}

Video interfaces that support at least one HDR Format include HDMI 2.0a, which was released in April 2015 and DisplayPort 1.4, which was released in March 2016.{{cite news|date=8 April 2015|title=HDMI 2.0a Spec Released, HDR Capability Added|publisher=Twice|url=http://www.twice.com/news/trade-groups/hdmi-20a-spec-released-hdr-capability-added/56694|url-status=live|access-date=8 April 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150410220027/http://www.twice.com/news/trade-groups/hdmi-20a-spec-released-hdr-capability-added/56694|archive-date=10 April 2015}}{{cite web|date=27 January 2016|title=VESA Updates Display Stream Compression Standard to Support New Applications and Richer Display Content|url=http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/vesa-updates-display-stream-compression-standard-to-support-new-applications-and-richer-display-content-300210420.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160131071231/http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/vesa-updates-display-stream-compression-standard-to-support-new-applications-and-richer-display-content-300210420.html|archive-date=31 January 2016|access-date=29 January 2016|publisher=PRNewswire}} On 12 December 2016, HDMI announced that HLG support had been added to the HDMI 2.0b standard.{{cite news|title=Introducing HDMI 2.0b|publisher=HDMI.org|url=http://www.hdmi.org/manufacturer/hdmi_2_0/index.aspx|url-status=live|access-date=7 January 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161203212800/http://www.hdmi.org/manufacturer/hdmi_2_0/index.aspx|archive-date=3 December 2016}}{{cite news|author=Ramus Larsen|date=12 December 2016|title=HDMI 2.0b standard gets support for HLG HDR|publisher=flatpanelshd|url=http://www.flatpanelshd.com/news.php?subaction=showfull&id=1481526782|url-status=live|access-date=25 January 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170108190105/http://www.flatpanelshd.com/news.php?subaction=showfull&id=1481526782|archive-date=8 January 2017}}{{cite news|author=Andrew Cotton|date=31 December 2016|title=2016 in Review - High Dynamic Range|publisher=BBC|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/rd/blog/2016-12-bbc-high-dynamic-range-2016|url-status=live|access-date=25 January 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170830221128/http://www.bbc.co.uk/rd/blog/2016-12-bbc-high-dynamic-range-2016|archive-date=30 August 2017}} HDMI 2.1 was officially announced on 4 January 2017, and added support for Dynamic HDR, which is dynamic metadata that supports changes scene-by-scene or frame-by-frame.{{cite news|date=4 January 2017|title=HDMI Forum announces version 2.1 of the HDMI specification|publisher=HDMI.org|url=http://www.hdmi.org/press/press_release.aspx?prid=145|url-status=live|access-date=10 January 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170108081018/http://www.hdmi.org/press/press_release.aspx?prid=145|archive-date=8 January 2017}}{{cite news|title=Philips HDR technology|publisher=Philips|url=http://www.ip.philips.com/data/downloadables/1/9/7/9/philips_hdr_white_paper.pdf|url-status=live|access-date=10 January 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210123115651/https://www.ip.philips.com/data/downloadables/1/9/7/9/philips_hdr_white_paper.pdf|archive-date=23 January 2021}}

= Compatibility =

As of 2020, no display is capable of rendering the full range of brightness and color of HDR formats. A display is called an HDR display if it can accept HDR content and map it to its display characteristics, so the HDR logo only provides information about content compatibility and not display capability.

Displays that use global dimming, such as most edge-lit LED displays, cannot display the advanced contrast of HDR content. Some displays implement local dimming technologies, such as OLED and full-array LED-backlighting, to more properly display advanced contrast.{{Cite web |date=2019-03-18 |title=Why Your HDR Monitor is (Probably) Not HDR at All - and Why DisplayHDR 400 Needs to Go |url=https://tftcentral.co.uk/articles/why-your-hdr-monitor-is-probably-not-hdr-at-all-and-why-displayhdr-400-needs-to-go |access-date=2022-04-05 |website=TFTCentral |language=en-US}}

= Certifications =

== VESA DisplayHDR ==

{{Update|part=section|date=September 2021|updated=September 2019|reason=criteria changed for the new version (DisplayHDR v1.1)}}

The DisplayHDR standard from VESA is an attempt to make the differences in HDR specifications easier for consumers to understand. The standard is mainly used in computer monitors and laptops. VESA defines a set of HDR levels; all of them must support HDR10, but not all are required to support 10-bit displays.{{cite web|title=DisplayHDR – The Higher Standard for HDR Monitors|url=https://displayhdr.org/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190102032357/https://displayhdr.org/|archive-date=2 January 2019|access-date=31 December 2018|website=displayhdr.org}} DisplayHDR is not an HDR format, but a tool to verify HDR formats and their performance on a given monitor. The most recent standard is DisplayHDR 1400, which was introduced in September 2019, with monitors supporting it released in 2020.{{Cite web|last=Coberly|first=Cohen|date=5 September 2019|title=VESA's DisplayHDR specification now covers ultra-bright 1,400-nit monitors - Meet DisplayHDR 1400|url=https://www.techspot.com/news/81773-vesa-displayhdr-specification-now-covers-ultra-bright-1400.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200112040122/https://www.techspot.com/news/81773-vesa-displayhdr-specification-now-covers-ultra-bright-1400.html|archive-date=12 January 2020|access-date=11 January 2020|website=techspot.com}}{{Cite web|last=Byford|first=Sam|date=10 January 2020|title=This year's monitors will be faster, brighter, and curvier than ever|url=https://www.theverge.com/circuitbreaker/2020/1/10/21059418/ces-2020-best-pc-monitors-specs-1000r-mini-led-360hz-curved-variable-refresh|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200111010203/https://www.theverge.com/circuitbreaker/2020/1/10/21059418/ces-2020-best-pc-monitors-specs-1000r-mini-led-360hz-curved-variable-refresh|archive-date=11 January 2020|access-date=11 January 2020|website=The Verge}} DisplayHDR 1000 and DisplayHDR 1400 are primarily used in professional work like video editing. Monitors with DisplayHDR 500 or DisplayHDR 600 certification provide a noticeable improvement over SDR displays and are more often used for general computing and gaming.{{Cite web |last=Harding |first=Scharon |date=2021-01-15 |title=How to Choose the Best HDR Monitor: Make Your Upgrade Worth It - Understand HDR displays and how to find the best one for you |url=https://www.tomshardware.com/features/best-hdr-monitor-how-to-choose |access-date=2021-02-01 |website=Tom's Hardware}}

class="wikitable"
Minimum peak luminance

(Brightness in cd/m2)

! Range of color

(Color gamut)

!Minimum

Color depth

! Typical dimming technology

Maximum black-level luminance

(Brightness in cd/m2)

! Maximum backlight adjustment latency

(Number of video frames)

DisplayHDR 400400sRGB

|8 bit (24-bit)

Screen-level0.48
DisplayHDR 500500WCG*

| rowspan="7" |10-bit (30-bit)

| Zone-level

0.18
DisplayHDR 600600WCG*Zone-level0.18
DisplayHDR 10001000WCG*Zone-level0.058
DisplayHDR 14001400WCG*Zone-level0.028
DisplayHDR 400 True Black400WCGPixel-level0.00052
DisplayHDR 500 True Black500WCGPixel-level0.00052
DisplayHDR 600 True Black

|600

|WCG

|Pixel-level

|0.0005

|2

== Other certifications ==

UHD Alliance certifications:

  • Ultra HD Premium{{Cite web|title=UHD Alliance|url=https://alliance.experienceuhd.com/|access-date=2021-01-31|website=alliance.experienceuhd.com}}
  • Mobile HDR Premium: for mobile devices.{{Cite web|last=Pocket-lint|date=2021-01-26|title=Mobile HDR: Dolby Vision, HDR10 and Mobile HDR Premium explained|url=https://www.pocket-lint.com/phones/news/dolby/138387-mobile-hdr-dolby-vision-hdr10-and-mobile-hdr-premium-explained|access-date=2021-01-31|website=Pocket-lint|language=en-gb}}

Technical details

HDR is mainly achieved by the use of PQ or HLG transfer function. WCGs are also commonly used along HDR up to Rec. 2020 color primaries. A bit depth of 10 or 12 bits is used to not see banding across the extended brightness range. In some cases, additional metadata are used to handle the variety in displays brightness, contrast and colors. HDR video is defined in Rec. 2100.

= Color space =

== ITU-R Rec. 2100 ==

{{Main article|Rec. 2100}}

Rec. 2100 is a technical recommendation by ITU-R for production and distribution of HDR content using 1080p or UHD resolution, 10-bit or 12-bit color, HLG or PQ transfer functions, full or limited range, the Rec. 2020 wide color gamut and YCBCR or ICTCP as color space.{{cite news|date=5 July 2016|title=ITU announces BT.2100 HDR TV standard|publisher=Rasmus Larsen|url=https://www.flatpanelshd.com/news.php?subaction=showfull&id=1467719709|url-status=live|access-date=26 July 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160710015254/http://www.flatpanelshd.com/news.php?subaction=showfull&id=1467719709|archive-date=10 July 2016}}

== Transfer function ==

{{See also|Transfer functions in imaging}}

SDR uses a gamma curve transfer function that is based on CRT characteristics and is used to represent luminance levels up to around 100 nits. HDR uses newly developed PQ or HLG transfer functions instead of the traditional gamma curve. If the gamma curve had been extended to 10,000 nits, it would have required a bit-depth of 15 bits to avoid banding.{{cite news|author=Adam Wilt|date=20 February 2014|title=HPA Tech Retreat 2014 – Day 4|publisher=DV Info Net|url=http://www.dvinfo.net/article/trip_reports/hpa-tech-retreat-2014-day-4.html|url-status=live|access-date=5 November 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141101213814/http://www.dvinfo.net/article/trip_reports/hpa-tech-retreat-2014-day-4.html|archive-date=1 November 2014}}

HDR transfer functions:

  • PQ, or SMPTE ST 2084,{{cite news|title=ST 2084:2014|publisher=IEEE Xplore|url=https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/7291452|url-status=dead|access-date=24 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200724211453/https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/7291452|archive-date=24 July 2020|doi=10.5594/SMPTE.ST2084.2014|isbn=978-1-61482-829-7 }} is a transfer function developed for HDR that is able to represent luminance level up to 10,000 cd/m2.{{cite web|author=Dolby Laboratories|title=Dolby Vision Whitepaper|url=http://www.dolby.com/us/en/technologies/dolby-vision/dolby-vision-white-paper.pdf|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160604120415/http://www.dolby.com/us/en/technologies/dolby-vision/dolby-vision-white-paper.pdf|archive-date=4 June 2016|access-date=24 August 2016}}{{cite book|last1=Eilertsen|first1=Gabriel|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LCtbDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA30|title=The high dynamic range imaging pipeline|date=2018|publisher=Linköping University Electronic Press|isbn=9789176853023|pages=30–31|access-date=22 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210123115652/https://books.google.com/books?id=LCtbDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA30|archive-date=23 January 2021|url-status=live}}{{cite news|author=Chris Tribbey|date=10 July 2015|title=HDR Special Report: SMPTE Standards Director: No HDR Format War, Yet|publisher=MESA|url=http://mesalliance.org/blog/me-daily/2015/07/10/smpte-standards-director-no-hdr-format-war-yet/|url-status=dead|access-date=21 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150913044219/http://mesalliance.org/blog/me-daily/2015/07/10/smpte-standards-director-no-hdr-format-war-yet/|archive-date=13 September 2015}}{{cite news|author=Bryant Frazer|date=9 June 2015|title=Colorist Stephen Nakamura on Grading Tomorrowland in HDR|publisher=studiodaily|url=http://www.studiodaily.com/2015/06/colorist-stephen-nakamura-grading-tomorrowland-dolby-vision/|url-status=live|access-date=21 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150913064202/http://www.studiodaily.com/2015/06/colorist-stephen-nakamura-grading-tomorrowland-dolby-vision/|archive-date=13 September 2015}} It is the basis of HDR video formats (such as Dolby Vision,{{cite web|author=Dolby Laboratories|title=Dolby Vision Whitepaper|url=http://www.dolby.com/us/en/technologies/dolby-vision/dolby-vision-white-paper.pdf|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160604120415/http://www.dolby.com/us/en/technologies/dolby-vision/dolby-vision-white-paper.pdf|archive-date=4 June 2016|access-date=24 August 2016}} HDR10 and HDR10+) and is also used for HDR still picture formats. PQ is not backward compatible with SDR.{{Citation needed|date=April 2021}} PQ encoded in 12 bits does not produce visible banding.{{Citation needed|date=April 2021}}
  • HLG is a transfer function developed by the NHK and BBC.{{cite news|title=High Dynamic Range|publisher=European Broadcasting Union|url=https://tech.ebu.ch/docs/events/IBC2015/IBC_Fact_Sheet_HDR_Demo_Final.pdf|url-status=live|access-date=1 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151117085831/https://tech.ebu.ch/docs/events/IBC2015/IBC_Fact_Sheet_HDR_Demo_Final.pdf|archive-date=17 November 2015}} It is backward compatible with SDR's gamma curve, and is the basis of an HDR format known as HLG. The HLG transfer function is also used by other video formats such Dolby Vision profile 8.4 and for HDR still picture formats. HLG is royalty-free.{{cite news|title=High Dynamic Range with Hybrid Log-Gamma|publisher=BBC|url=https://custom.cvent.com/63DDE0970BB04F3EA62737749B39B60C/files/event/841C5F30AA5948D4B4D985BC90AE0B2C/426e265101984437b7f9bde81acf8364.pdf|url-status=live|access-date=8 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181109141347/https://custom.cvent.com/63DDE0970BB04F3EA62737749B39B60C/files/event/841C5F30AA5948D4B4D985BC90AE0B2C/426e265101984437b7f9bde81acf8364.pdf|archive-date=9 November 2018}}

== Color primaries ==

{{See also|List of color spaces and their uses}}SDR for HD video uses a system chromaticity (chromaticity of color primaries and white point) specified in Rec. 709 (same as sRGB).{{Cite web|title=BT.709 : Parameter values for the HDTV standards for production and international programme exchange|url=https://www.itu.int/rec/R-REC-BT.709/en|access-date=2021-02-11|website=www.itu.int}} SDR for SD used many different primaries, as said in BT.601, SMPTE 170M and BT.470.

HDR is commonly associated to a WCG (a system chromaticity wider than BT.709). Rec. 2100 (HDR-TV) uses the same system chromaticity that is used in Rec. 2020 (UHDTV).{{Cite web|title=BT.2100 : Image parameter values for high dynamic range television for use in production and international programme exchange|url=https://www.itu.int/rec/R-REC-BT.2100|access-date=2021-02-11|website=www.itu.int}}{{Cite web|title=BT.2020 : Parameter values for ultra-high definition television systems for production and international programme exchange|url=https://www.itu.int/rec/R-REC-BT.2020/en|access-date=2021-02-11|website=www.itu.int}} HDR formats such as HDR10, HDR10+, Dolby Vision and HLG also use Rec. 2020 chromaticities.

HDR contents are commonly graded on a P3-D65 display.

class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"

|+System chromaticity comparison table

! rowspan="4" |Color space

! colspan="9" |Chromaticity coordinate (CIE, 1931)

colspan="6" |Primary colors

! colspan="3" rowspan="2" |White point

colspan="2" |Red

! colspan="2" |Green

! colspan="2" |Blue

xR

!yR

!xG

!yG

!xB

!yB

!Name

!xW

!yW

Rec. 709

| rowspan="2" |0.64

| rowspan="2" |0.33

| rowspan="2" |0.30

| rowspan="2" |0.60

| rowspan="2" |0.15

| rowspan="2" |0.06

| rowspan="2" |D65

| rowspan="2" |0.3127

| rowspan="2" |0.3290

sRGB
rowspan="3" |DCI-P3{{cite news|author=Kid Jansen|first=|date=2014-02-19|title=The Pointer's Gamut|work=|publisher=tftcentral|url=https://www.tftcentral.co.uk/articles/pointers_gamut.htm|access-date=2018-12-13}}{{cite news|author=Rajan Joshi|author2=Shan Liu|author3=Gary Sullivan|author4=Gerhard Tech|author5=Ye-Kui Wang|author6=Jizheng Xu|author7=Yan Ye|date=2016-01-31|title=HEVC Screen Content Coding Draft Text 5|publisher=JCT-VC|url=http://phenix.it-sudparis.eu/jct/doc_end_user/current_document.php?id=10311|access-date=2016-01-31}}

| rowspan="3" |0.680

| rowspan="3" |0.320

| rowspan="3" |0.265

| rowspan="3" |0.690

| rowspan="3" |0.150

| rowspan="3" |0.060

|P3-D65 (Display)

|0.3127

|0.3290

P3-DCI (Theater)

|0.314

|0.351

P3-D60 (ACES Cinema)

|0.32168

|0.33767

Rec. 2020

| rowspan="2" |0.708

| rowspan="2" |0.292

| rowspan="2" |0.170

| rowspan="2" |0.797

| rowspan="2" |0.131

| rowspan="2" |0.046

| rowspan="2" |D65

| rowspan="2" |0.3127

| rowspan="2" |0.3290

Rec. 2100

File:CIExy1931 Rec 709.svg|Rec. 709 and sRGB (SDR)

File:DCI-P3 D65.svg|P3-D65 (common HDR contents)

File:CIExy1931 Rec 2020.svg|Rec. 2020 and Rec. 2100 (HDR technical limit)

== Bit depth ==

Because of the increased dynamic range, HDR contents need to use more bit depth than SDR to avoid banding. While SDR uses a bit depth of 8 or 10 bits, HDR uses 10 or 12 bits, which when combined with the use of more efficient transfer function like PQ or HLG, is enough to avoid banding.{{Cite web|title=HDR Video Part 3: HDR Video Terms Explained|url=https://www.mysterybox.us/blog/2016/10/19/hdr-video-part-3-hdr-video-terms-explained|access-date=2021-02-11|website=Mystery Box|language=en-US}}{{cite news|author=T. Borer|author2=A. Cotton|title=A "Display Independent" High Dynamic Range Television System|publisher=BBC|url=http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/rd/pubs/whp/whp-pdf-files/WHP309.pdf|access-date=2015-11-01}}

== Matrix coefficients ==

Rec. 2100 specifies the use of the RGB, YCbCr or ICTCP signal formats for HDR-TV.

ICTCP is a color representation designed by Dolby for HDR and wide color gamut (WCG){{Cite web|last=Dolby|date=|title=ICtCp Dolby White Paper - What is ICTCP ? - Introduction|url=https://professional.dolby.com/siteassets/pdfs/ictcp_dolbywhitepaper_v071.pdf|access-date=12 February 2021|website=}} and standardized in Rec. 2100.

IPTPQc2 with reshaping is a proprietary format by Dolby and is similar to ICTCP. It is used by Dolby Vision profile 5.

== Signaling color space ==

Coding-independent code points (CICP) are used to signal the transfer function, color primaries and matrix coefficients.{{Cite web|title=H.273 : Coding-independent code points for video signal type identification|url=https://www.itu.int/rec/T-REC-H.273/en|access-date=2021-09-12|website=www.itu.int}} It is defined in both ITU-T H.273 and ISO/IEC 23091-2. It is used by multiple codecs including PNG, AVC, HEVC and AVIF. Common combinations of H.273 parameters are summarized in ITU-T Series H Supplement 19.{{Cite web|title=H.Sup19 : Usage of video signal type code points|url=https://www.itu.int/rec/T-REC-H.Sup19/en|access-date=2021-09-12|website=www.itu.int}}

class="wikitable"

|+Common CICP values

!

!Code point value

!Meaning

rowspan="3" |Transfer function

|1, 6, 14, 15

|SDR's gamma curve

16

|PQ

18

|HLG

rowspan="2" |Color primaries

|1

|Rec. 709 primaries

9

|Rec. 2020 primaries

Rec. 2100 primaries

rowspan="4" |Matrix coefficients

|0

|R'G'B'

1

|Y'CbCr (for Rec. 709)

9

|Y'CbCr (for Rec. 2020)

Y'CbCr (for Rec. 2100)

14

|ICtCp

= Metadata =

== Static metadata ==

Static HDR metadata give information about the whole video.

  • SMPTE ST 2086 or MDCV (Mastering Display Color Volume): It describes the color volume of the mastering display (i.e. the color primaries, the white point and the maximum and minimum luminance). It has been defined by SMPTE{{Cite journal|date=April 2018|title=ST 2086:2018 - SMPTE Standard - Mastering Display Color Volume Metadata Supporting High Luminance and Wide Color Gamut Images|url=https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8353899|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190905224722/https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8353899|url-status=dead|archive-date=5 September 2019|journal=St 2086:2018|pages=1–8|doi=10.5594/SMPTE.ST2086.2018|isbn=978-1-68303-139-0|doi-access=free}} and also in AVC{{Cite web|title=H.264 : Advanced video coding for generic audiovisual services|url=https://www.itu.int/rec/T-REC-H.264-201906-I/en|access-date=2021-04-23|website=www.itu.int}} and HEVC{{Cite web|title=H.265 : High efficiency video coding|url=https://www.itu.int/rec/T-REC-H.265-201911-I/en|access-date=2021-04-23|website=www.itu.int}} standards.
  • MaxFALL (Maximum Frame Average Light Level)
  • MaxCLL (Maximum Content Light Level)

The metadata do not describe how the HDR content should be adapted to HDR consumer displays that have lower color volume (i.e. peak brightness, contrast and color gamut) than the content.

== Dynamic metadata ==

Dynamic metadata are specific for each frame or each scene of the video.

Dynamic metadata of Dolby Vision, HDR10+ and SMPTE ST 2094 describe what color volume transform should be applied to contents that are shown on displays that have different color volume from the mastering display. It is optimized for each scene and each display. It allows for the creative intents to be preserved even on consumer displays that have limited color volume.

SMPTE ST 2094 or Dynamic Metadata for Color Volume Transform (DMCVT) is a standard for dynamic metadata published by SMPTE in 2016 as six parts. It is carried in HEVC SEI, ETSI TS 103 433, CTA 861-G.{{Cite web|last=SMPTE Professional Development Academy|title=SMPTE Standards Webcast Series - SMPTE ST 2094 and Dynamic Metadata|url=https://forum.selur.net/attachment.php?aid=611|access-date=23 April 2021}} Core components of DMCVT are defined in SMPTE ST 2094-1. DMCVT includes four applications:

  • ST 2094–10 (from Dolby Laboratories), used for Dolby Vision.
  • ST 2094–20 (from Philips). Colour Volume Reconstruction Information (CVRI) is based on ST 2094–20.
  • ST 2094–30 (by Technicolor). Colour Remapping Information (CRI) conforms to ST 2094-30 and is standardized in HEVC.
  • ST 2094–40 (by Samsung), used for HDR10+.

ETSI TS 103 572 is a technical specification published in October 2020 by ETSI for HDR signaling and carriage of ST 2094–10 (Dolby Vision) metadata.{{Cite web|last=ETSI|date=October 2020|title=ETSI TS 103 572 V1.2.1|url=https://www.etsi.org/deliver/etsi_ts/103500_103599/103572/01.02.01_60/ts_103572v010201p.pdf|access-date=2 May 2021}}

HDR Vivid uses dynamic metadata standardized in CUVA 005-2020.

= Dual-layer video =

Some Dolby Vision profiles use a dual-layer video composed of a base layer and an enhancement layer.{{Cite web|title=ETSI GS CCM 001 V1.1.1 - Compound Content Management Specification|url=https://www.etsi.org/deliver/etsi_gs/CCM/001_099/001/01.01.01_60/gs_CCM001v010101p.pdf|date=February 2017|publisher=Compound Content Management (CCM) ETSI Industry Specification Group (ISG)|access-date=1 March 2021}} Depending on the Dolby Vision profile (or compatibility level), the base layer can be backward compatible with SDR, HDR10, HLG, UHD Blu-ray or no other format in the most efficient IPTPQc2 color space, which uses full range and reshaping.

ETSI GS CCM 001 describes a Compound Content Management functionality for a dual-layer HDR system, including MMR (multivariate multiple regression) and NLQ (non-linear quantization).

Adoption

=Guidelines=

== Ultra HD Forum guidelines ==

{{update|section|date=December 2021}}

UHD Phase A is a set of guidelines from the Ultra HD Forum for the distribution of SDR and HDR content using Full HD 1080p and 4K UHD resolutions. It requires a color depth of 10 bits per sample, a color gamut of Rec. 709 or Rec. 2020, a frame rate of up to 60 fps, a display resolution of 1080p or 2160p and either standard dynamic range (SDR) or high dynamic range that uses HLG or PQ transfer functions.{{cite news|date=15 July 2016|title=Ultra HD Forum: Phase A Guidelines|publisher=Ultra HD Forum|url=http://ultrahdforum.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/Ultra-HD-Forum-Deployment-Guidelines-V1.1-Summer-2016.pdf|url-status=live|access-date=29 July 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160808074225/http://ultrahdforum.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/Ultra-HD-Forum-Deployment-Guidelines-V1.1-Summer-2016.pdf|archive-date=8 August 2016}} UHD Phase A defines HDR as having a dynamic range of at least 13 stops (213=8192:1) and WCG as a color gamut that is wider than Rec. 709.

UHD Phase B will add support to 120 fps (and 120/1.001 fps), 12 bit PQ in HEVC Main12 (that will be enough for 0.0001 to 10000 nits), Dolby AC-4 and MPEG-H 3D Audio, IMAX sound in DTS:X (with 2 LFE). It will also add ITU's ICtCp and CRI.{{Cite web|title=Quick Reference HDR Glossary|url=https://www.technicolor.com/sites/default/files/medialib/document/Downloads/hdr-field-guide-final-web.pdf|access-date=2022-01-27}}

= Still images =

{{About|the technology related to HDR displays|the HDR capture technique|High-dynamic-range imaging|section=yes}}

== HDR image formats ==

The following image formats are compatible with HDR (Rec. 2100 color space, PQ and HLG transfer functions, Rec. 2020 color primaries):

  • HEIC (HEVC codec in HEIF file format)
  • AVIF (AV1 codec in HEIF file format)
  • AVIF alternatively supports gain mapping techniques for backward compatibility with SDR, however, there are no encoders currently available.{{Cite web |last=Benz |first=Greg |date=2022-08-24 |title=HDR |url=https://gregbenzphotography.com/hdr/ |access-date=2024-11-11 |website=Greg Benz Photography |language=en-US}}
  • JPEG XR
  • JPEG XL{{Cite web|date=9–15 April 2018|title=ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC29/WG1|url=https://jpeg.org/downloads/jpegxl/jpegxl-cfp.pdf|access-date=21 February 2021}}
  • HSP, CTA 2072 HDR Still Photo Interface (a format used by Panasonic cameras for photo capture in HDR with the HLG transfer function)

Other image formats, such as JPEG, JPEG 2000, PNG, WebP, do not support HDR by default. They could support it by the use of the ICC profile,{{Cite web|title=ICC HDR Working Group|url=https://www.color.org/groups/hdr/index.xalter|access-date=2021-02-25|website=www.color.org}}{{Cite web|last=Blog|first=Netflix Technology|date=2018-09-24|title=Enhancing the Netflix UI Experience with HDR|url=https://netflixtechblog.com/enhancing-the-netflix-ui-experience-with-hdr-1e7506ad3e8|access-date=2021-02-25|website=Medium|language=en}} but existing applications usually do not take into account the absolute luminance value defined in ICC profiles. W3C added HDR support to PNG using cICP, abandoning ICC PQ profile method.{{Cite web|title=Using the ITU BT.2100 PQ EOTF with the PNG Format|url=https://www.w3.org/TR/png-hdr-pq/Overview.html|access-date=2021-09-12|website=www.w3.org}}{{Cite web|last=w3c/ColorWeb-CG|title=Adding support for HDR imagery to the PNG format|url=https://github.com/w3c/ColorWeb-CG/blob/master/hdr-in-png-requirements.md|access-date=2021-09-12|website=GitHub|language=en}}

ISO 21496-1 defines a generic way to add HDR information to SDR formats. A layer of "gain map" records the luminance ratio between HDR source and its tone-mapped SDR rendering, so that the HDR source signal can be (partially) reconstructed from the SDR layer and this map. Software that does not support the gain map would show the fallback SDR rendering.{{cite conference|title=Embedded Gain Maps for Adaptive Display of High Dynamic Range Images|conference=Stereoscopic Displays and Applications XXXIV|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HBVBLV9KZNI|date=January 2023|last1=Chan|first1=Eric (Adobe)|last2=Hubel|first2=Paul M. (Apple)}} ISO 21496-1 is a unification of Adobe "Gain Map", also known as Google "Ultra HDR" and Samsung "Super HDR", and Apple "Gain Map". Apple refers to ISO 21496-1 as "Adaptive HDR".

== Adoption of HDR in still images ==

Apple: iPhone 12 and later support the aforementioned "gain map" HDR technique for still images.{{cite web |date=4 December 2020 |title=Apple's "EDR" Brings High Dynamic Range to Non-HDR Displays |url=https://prolost.com/blog/edr |website=Prolost}} iOS 18, iPadOS 18, and macOS 15 support ISO 21496-1, marketed as Adaptive HDR.{{Cite web |last=Rahman |first=Mishaal |date=2024-10-29 |title=Google and Apple are making HDR photos work better on Android and iOS |url=https://www.androidauthority.com/google-apple-hdr-photo-standard-3495035/ |access-date=2024-11-11 |website=Android Authority |language=en}}

Canon: EOS-1D X Mark III and EOS R5 are able to capture still images in the Rec. 2100 color space by using the PQ transfer function, the HEIC format (HEVC codec in HEIF file format), the Rec. 2020 color primaries, a bit depth of 10 bit and a 4:2:2 YCbCr subsampling.{{Cite web|last=Europe|first=Canon|title=Specifications & Features - EOS-1D X Mark III|url=https://www.canon-europe.com/cameras/eos-1d-x-mark-iii/specifications/|access-date=2021-02-15|website=Canon Europe|language=en-EU}}{{Cite web|last=Canon|date=|title=EOS-1D X Mark III specifications|url=https://downloads.canon.com/nw/camera/products/eos/1d-x-mark-iii/specs/eos-1-d-x-mark-iii-specifications.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200414074058/https://downloads.canon.com/nw/camera/products/eos/1d-x-mark-iii/specs/eos-1-d-x-mark-iii-specifications.pdf|archive-date=14 April 2020|access-date=15 February 2021|website=}}{{Cite web|last=Europe|first=Canon|title=Canon EOS R5 Specifications and Features -|url=https://www.canon-europe.com/cameras/eos-r5/specifications/|access-date=2021-02-15|website=Canon Europe|language=en-EU}}{{Cite web|title=HDR PQ HEIF: Breaking Through the Limits of JPEG|url=https://snapshot.canon-asia.com/article/en/hdr-pq-heif-breaking-through-the-limits-of-jpeg|access-date=2021-02-15|website=SNAPSHOT - Canon Singapore Pte. Ltd.|language=en}}{{Cite web|title=Canon EOS-1D X Mark III Review|url=https://www.the-digital-picture.com/Reviews/Canon-EOS-1D-X-Mark-III.aspx|access-date=2021-02-15|website=The-Digital-Picture.com}}{{Excessive citations inline|date=May 2022}} The captured HDR pictures can be viewed in HDR by connecting the camera to an HDR display with an HDMI cable. Captured HDR pictures can also be converted to SDR JPEG (sRGB color space) and then viewed on any standard display. Canon refers to those SDR pictures as "HDR PQ-like JPEG".{{Cite web |title=HDR PQ HEIF: Breaking Through the Limits of JPEG |url=https://shop.sg.canon/canon-insider/hdr-pq-heif-breaking-through-the-limits-of-jpeg |access-date=2022-04-06 |website=shop.sg.canon |language=en}} Canon's Digital Photo Professional software is able to show the captured HDR pictures in HDR on HDR displays or in SDR on SDR displays.{{Cite web|date=2020-02-17|title=HEIF – What you need to know|url=https://www.photoreview.com.au/tips/shooting/heif-what-you-need-to-know/|access-date=2021-02-15|website=Photo Review|language=en-US}} It is also able to convert the HDR PQ to SDR sRGB JPEG.{{Cite web|last=Canon|date=|title=Working with files saved in HEVC format.|url=https://support.usa.canon.com/kb/index?page=content&id=ART176556|access-date=15 February 2021|website=}}

Google: Android 14 and later support the aforementioned "Ultra HDR" gain map technique for still images. This is marketed by Samsung as "Super HDR". Android 15 and later simultaneously encodes Ultra HDR and ISO 21496-1. Chromium based browsers support Ultra HDR and ISO 21496-1.

Panasonic: Panasonic's S-series cameras (including Lumix S1, S1R, S1H and S5) can capture photos in HDR using the HLG transfer function and output them in an HSP file format.{{Cite web|title=How HDR display could change your photography forever|url=https://www.dpreview.com/articles/8980170510/how-hdr-tvs-could-change-your-photography-forever|access-date=2021-02-21|website=DPReview}}{{Cite web|last=Pocket-lint|date=2019-09-10|title=What is HLG Photo? Panasonic S1 feature explained in full|url=https://www.pocket-lint.com/cameras/news/panasonic/147985-what-is-hlg-photo-why-do-i-need-it-panasonic-s1|access-date=2021-02-21|website=Pocket-lint|language=en-gb}}{{Cite web|title=Press Release - A New Hybrid Full-Frame Mirrorless Camera, the LUMIX S5 Featuring Exceptional Image Quality in High Sensitivity Photo/Video And Stunning Mobility|url=https://www.panasonic.com/content/dam/Panasonic/Global/Learn-More/Lumix-s/DC-S5_PressRelease.pdf|access-date=21 February 2021}} The captured HDR pictures can be viewed in HDR by connecting the camera to an HLG-compliant display with an HDMI cable. A plug-in allowing the editing of HLG stills (HSP) in Photoshop CC has been released by Panasonic.{{Cite web|title=Panasonic announces HLG plug-in for Photoshop CC, adds Raw video modes to S-series cameras|url=https://www.dpreview.com/news/5072668144/panasonic-launches-hlg-plugin-for-photoshop-cc-and-adds-raw-video-modes-to-s-series-cameras|access-date=2021-09-12|website=DPReview}}{{Cite web|title=LUMIX HLG Photo {{!}} Download {{!}} Digital AV Software {{!}} Digital AV {{!}} Support {{!}} Panasonic Global|url=https://av.jpn.support.panasonic.com/support/global/cs/soft/download/lumix_hlgphoto.html|access-date=2021-09-12|website=av.jpn.support.panasonic.com|language=en}} The company also released a plug-in for displaying thumbnails of those HDR images on a PC (for Windows Explorer and macOS Finder).

Qualcomm: Snapdragon 888 mobile SoC allows the capture of 10-bit HDR HEIF still photos.{{Cite web |title=Qualcomm Snapdragon 888 5G Mobile Platform |url=https://www.qualcomm.com/products/snapdragon-888-5g-mobile-platform|access-date=2021-02-21|website=Qualcomm|language=en}}{{Cite web|last=Heap |first=Judd |website=Qualcomm |title=Triple down on the future of photography with Snapdragon 888|url=https://www.qualcomm.com/media/documents/files/snapdragon-888-camera-blog-post-by-judd-heape-vp-of-product-management.pdf|access-date=21 February 2021}}

Sony: Sony α7S III and α1 cameras can capture HDR photos in the Rec. 2100 color space with the HLG transfer function, the HEIF format, Rec. 2020 color primaries, a bit depth of 10 bit and a 4:2:2 or 4:2:0 subsampling.{{Cite web|title=Sony α1 with superb resolution and speed|url=https://www.sony.com/electronics/interchangeable-lens-cameras/ilce-1/specifications|access-date=2021-02-21|website=Sony|language=en}}{{Cite web|title=Sony α7S III with pro movie/still capability|url=https://www.sony.com/electronics/interchangeable-lens-cameras/ilce-7sm3/specifications|access-date=2021-02-21|website=Sony|language=en}}{{Cite web|title=Characteristics of HEIF format {{!}} Sony|url=https://support.d-imaging.sony.co.jp/support/ilc/heif/01/en/index.html|access-date=2021-02-21|website=support.d-imaging.sony.co.jp}}{{Cite web|last=Sony|date=July 2020|title=ILCE-7SM3 brochure|url=http://sonyglobal.akamaized.net/is/content/gwtvid/pdf/2020/ILCE-7SM3/brochure-ilce7sm3.pdf|access-date=21 February 2021}} The captured HDR pictures can be viewed in HDR by connecting the camera to an HLG-compliant display with an HDMI cable.

Others:

  • Krita 5.0, released on 23 December 2021, added support for HDR HEIF and AVIF images with Rec. 2100 PQ and HLG encoding.{{Cite web|url=https://krita.org/en/item/krita-5-0-released/|title=Krita 5.0 released!|date=23 December 2021}}{{Cite web|url=https://krita.org/en/krita-5-0-release-notes/|title=Krita 5.0 Release Notes}}

= Web =

Work is in progress at W3C to make Web compatible with HDR,{{Cite web|title=High Dynamic Range and Wide Gamut Color on the Web|url=https://w3c.github.io/ColorWeb-CG/|access-date=2021-06-07|website=w3c.github.io}} which includes HDR capabilities detection{{Cite web|title=Media Capabilities|url=https://w3c.github.io/media-capabilities/|access-date=2021-06-07|website=w3c.github.io}} and HDR in CSS.{{Cite web|title=CSS Color HDR Module Level 1|url=https://drafts.csswg.org/css-color-hdr/|access-date=2021-06-07|website=drafts.csswg.org}} Chrome and Safari mostly support those in 2024.

History

= 2014 =

In January 2014, Dolby Laboratories announced Dolby Vision.

In August 2014, PQ was standardized in SMPTE ST 2084.{{Cite journal|date=August 2014|title=ST 2084:2014 - SMPTE Standard - High Dynamic Range Electro-Optical Transfer Function of Mastering Reference Displays|url=https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/7291452|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171028224349/http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/7291452/|url-status=dead|archive-date=28 October 2017|journal=St 2084:2014|pages=1–14|doi=10.5594/SMPTE.ST2084.2014|isbn=978-1-61482-829-7|doi-access=free}}

In October 2014, the HEVC specification incorporates code point for PQ.{{Cite web|date=October 2014|title=H.265 : High efficiency video coding|url=https://www.itu.int/rec/T-REC-H.265-201410-S/en|access-date=2021-11-11|website=www.itu.int}} Previously, it also incorporates the Main 10 profile that supports 10 bits per sample on their first version.{{Cite web|date=2013-09-15|title=The emergence of HEVC and 10-bit colour formats – With Imagination|url=http://withimagination.imgtec.com/index.php/powervr-video/the-emergence-of-hevc-and-10-bit-colour-formats|access-date=2021-04-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130915075921/http://withimagination.imgtec.com/index.php/powervr-video/the-emergence-of-hevc-and-10-bit-colour-formats|archive-date=15 September 2013}}

In October 2014, SMPTE standardized the Mastering Display Color Volume (MDCV) static metadata in SMPTE ST 2086.{{Cite journal|date=2014-10-30|title=ST 2086:2014 - SMPTE Standard - Mastering Display Color Volume Metadata Supporting High Luminance and Wide Color Gamut Images|url=https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/7291707|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160902234737/http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/7291707|url-status=dead|archive-date=2 September 2016|journal=St 2086:2014|pages=1–6|doi=10.5594/SMPTE.ST2086.2014|isbn=978-1-61482-833-4}}

= 2015 =

In March 2015, HLG was standardized in ARIB STD-B67.{{Cite web|title=Overview of ARIB Standards (STD-B67)｜Association of Radio Industries and Businesses|url=https://www.arib.or.jp/english/std_tr/broadcasting/desc/std-b67.html|access-date=2021-11-11|website=www.arib.or.jp}}

On 8 April 2015, The HDMI Forum released version 2.0a of the HDMI Specification to enable transmission of HDR. The specification references CEA-861.3, which in turn references SMPTE ST 2084 (the standard of PQ). The previous HDMI 2.0 version already supported the Rec. 2020 color space.{{Cite web|date=2014-04-08|title=HDMI :: Manufacturer :: HDMI 2.0 :: FAQ for HDMI 2.0|url=http://www.hdmi.org/manufacturer/hdmi_2_0/hdmi_2_0_faq.aspx|access-date=2021-01-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140408004229/http://www.hdmi.org/manufacturer/hdmi_2_0/hdmi_2_0_faq.aspx|archive-date=8 April 2014}}

On 24 June 2015, Amazon Video was the first streaming service to offer HDR video using the HDR10 format.{{cite news |title=Amazon Grabs Key Tech Advantage Over Netflix With World's First HDR Streaming Service |author=John Archer |work=Forbes |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/johnarcher/2015/06/24/amazon-launches-worlds-first-high-dynamic-range-hdr-video-streaming-service/ |date=24 June 2015 |access-date=29 July 2016 |archive-date=25 July 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160725011302/http://www.forbes.com/sites/johnarcher/2015/06/24/amazon-launches-worlds-first-high-dynamic-range-hdr-video-streaming-service/ |url-status=live }}{{cite news |title=Amazon brings Dolby Vision TVs into the HDR fold with short list of titles |author=Kris Wouk |publisher=Digital Trends |url=http://www.digitaltrends.com/home-theater/amazon-video-dolby-vision-hdr/ |date=24 June 2015 |access-date=29 July 2016 |archive-date=2 August 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160802044537/http://www.digitaltrends.com/home-theater/amazon-video-dolby-vision-hdr/ |url-status=live }}

On 27 August 2015, Consumer Technology Association announced HDR10.

On 17 November 2015, Vudu announced that they had started offering titles in Dolby Vision.{{cite news |title=Dolby and VUDU launch the future home theater experience with immersive sound and advanced imaging |publisher=Business Wire |url=http://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20151117006135/en/ |date=17 November 2015 |access-date=29 July 2016 |archive-date=13 August 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160813222704/http://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20151117006135/en/ |url-status=live }}

= 2016 =

On 1 March 2016, the Blu-ray Disc Association released Ultra HD Blu-ray with mandatory support for HDR10 and optional support for Dolby Vision.{{cite news|author=Caleb Denison|date=28 January 2016|title=Ultra HD Blu-ray arrives March 2016; here's everything we know|publisher=Digital Trends|url=http://www.digitaltrends.com/home-theater/ultra-hd-blu-ray-specs-dates-and-titles/|url-status=live|access-date=27 July 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160727134339/http://www.digitaltrends.com/home-theater/ultra-hd-blu-ray-specs-dates-and-titles/|archive-date=27 July 2016}}

On 9 April 2016, Netflix started offering both HDR10 and Dolby Vision.{{cite news |title=Netflix is now streaming in HDR / Dolby Vision |author=Rasmus Larsen |publisher=Digital Trends |url=http://www.flatpanelshd.com/news.php?subaction=showfull&id=1460179224 |date=9 April 2016 |access-date=26 July 2016 |archive-date=13 July 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160713143847/http://www.flatpanelshd.com/news.php?subaction=showfull&id=1460179224 |url-status=live }}

On June to September 2016, SMPTE standardized multiple dynamic metadata for HDR in SMPTE ST 2094.{{Cite journal|date=2016-06-13|title=ST 2094-1:2016 - SMPTE Standard - Dynamic Metadata for Color Volume Transform — Core Components|url=https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/7513361|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160830154443/http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/7513361|url-status=dead|archive-date=30 August 2016|journal=St 2094-1:2016|pages=1–15|doi=10.5594/SMPTE.ST2094-1.2016|isbn=978-1-68303-023-2|doi-access=free}}

On 6 July 2016, the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) announced Rec. 2100, which defines the image parameters for HDR-TV and use two HDR transfer functions—HLG and PQ.

On 29 July 2016, SKY Perfect JSAT Group announced that on 4 October, they would start the world's first 4K HDR broadcasts using HLG.{{cite news |title=4K HDR from SKY Perfect JSAT |author=Colin Mann |publisher=Advanced Television |url=http://advanced-television.com/2016/07/29/4k-hdr-from-sky-perfect-jsat/ |date=29 July 2016 |access-date=30 July 2016 |archive-date=30 July 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160730184124/http://advanced-television.com/2016/07/29/4k-hdr-from-sky-perfect-jsat/ |url-status=live }}

On 9 September 2016, Google announced Android TV 7.0, which supports Dolby Vision, HDR10, and HLG.{{cite news|title=HDR Video Playback|publisher=Android|url=https://source.android.com/devices/tech/display/hdr.html|url-status=live|access-date=23 September 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160923185046/https://source.android.com/devices/tech/display/hdr.html|archive-date=23 September 2016}}{{cite news |title=Android TV 7.0 supports Dolby Vision, HDR10 and HLG |author=Ramus Larsen |publisher=flatpanelshd |url=http://www.flatpanelshd.com/news.php?subaction=showfull&id=1473405995 |date=7 September 2016 |access-date=23 September 2016 |archive-date=24 September 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160924111000/http://www.flatpanelshd.com/news.php?subaction=showfull&id=1473405995 |url-status=live }}

On 26 September 2016, Roku announced that the Roku Premiere+ and Roku Ultra will support HDR using HDR10.{{cite news |title=Roku unveils five new streaming boxes with prices as low as $30 |author=David Katzmaier |publisher=CNET |url=https://www.cnet.com/news/new-roku-boxes-start-streaming-at-a-dirt-cheap-30-dollars/ |date=26 September 2016 |access-date=26 September 2016 |archive-date=27 September 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160927133629/https://www.cnet.com/news/new-roku-boxes-start-streaming-at-a-dirt-cheap-30-dollars/ |url-status=live }}

On 7 November 2016, Google announced that YouTube would stream HDR videos that can be encoded with HLG or PQ.{{cite news |title=True colors: adding support for HDR videos on YouTube |author=Steven Robertson |url=https://youtube.googleblog.com/2016/11/true-colors-adding-support-for-hdr.html |date=7 November 2016 |access-date=11 January 2017 |archive-date=27 December 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161227122237/https://youtube.googleblog.com/2016/11/true-colors-adding-support-for-hdr.html |url-status=live }}{{cite news|title=Upload High Dynamic Range (HDR) videos|url=https://support.google.com/youtube/answer/7126552|url-status=live|access-date=11 January 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170116201454/https://support.google.com/youtube/answer/7126552|archive-date=16 January 2017}}

On 17 November 2016, the Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB) Steering Board approved UHD-1 Phase 2 with a HDR solution that supports HLG and PQ.{{cite news|date=17 November 2016|title=DVB SB Approves UHD HDR Specification|publisher=Digital Video Broadcasting|url=https://www.dvb.org/news/uhd_1-phase-2-approved-by-dvb|url-status=live|access-date=7 January 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170113100219/https://www.dvb.org/news/uhd_1-phase-2-approved-by-dvb|archive-date=13 January 2017}}{{cite news |title=UHD-1 Phase 2 approved |author=James Grover |publisher=TVBEurope |url=http://www.tvbeurope.com/uhd-1-phase-2-approved/ |date=17 November 2016 |access-date=7 January 2017 |archive-date=13 January 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170113023123/http://www.tvbeurope.com/uhd-1-phase-2-approved/ |url-status=live }} The specification has been published as DVB Bluebook A157 and was published by the ETSI as TS 101 154 v2.3.1.

= 2017 =

On 2 January 2017, LG Electronics USA announced that all of LG's SUPER UHD TV models support a variety of HDR technologies, including Dolby Vision, HDR10, and HLG (Hybrid Log Gamma), and are ready to support Advanced HDR by Technicolor.

On 20 April 2017, Samsung and Amazon announced HDR10+.

On 12 September 2017, Apple announced the Apple TV 4K with support for HDR10 and Dolby Vision, and that the iTunes Store would sell and rent 4K HDR content.{{Cite web|url=https://www.apple.com/apple-tv-4k/specs/|title=Apple TV 4K - Technical Specifications|website=Apple|language=en-US|access-date=12 October 2017|archive-date=11 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171011154808/https://www.apple.com/apple-tv-4k/specs/|url-status=live}}

= 2019 =

On 26 December 2019, Canon announced the adoption of the PQ format (PQ10) for still photography.

= 2020 =

On 13 October 2020, Apple announced the iPhone 12 and iPhone 12 Pro series, the first smartphone that can record and edit video in Dolby Vision directly from the camera roll.{{Cite web|url=https://www.howtogeek.com/695825/why-the-iphone-12s-dolby-vision-hdr-recording-is-a-big-deal|title=Why the iPhone 12's Dolby Vision HDR Recording Is a Big Deal|website=howtogeek|date=21 October 2020 |language=en|access-date=21 October 2020|archive-date=23 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201023131031/https://www.howtogeek.com/695825/why-the-iphone-12s-dolby-vision-hdr-recording-is-a-big-deal/|url-status=live}} iPhone uses the Dolby Vision profile 8.4 cross-compatible with HLG.{{Cite web|last=Patel|first=Nilay|date=2020-10-20|title=Apple iPhone 12 Pro review: ahead of its time|url=https://www.theverge.com/21524288/apple-iphone-12-pro-review|access-date=2021-04-23|website=The Verge|language=en}}

= 2021 =

In June 2021, Panasonic announced a plug-in for Photoshop CC to allow for the editing of HLG stills.

= 2022 =

On 4 July 2022, Xiaomi announced the Xiaomi 12S Ultra, the first Android smartphone that can record Dolby Vision video directly from the camera roll.{{Cite web |last=Tomkies |first=Pete |date=2022-07-08 |title=Xiaomi's 12S Ultra shoots beautiful HDR videos |url=https://www.videomaker.com/news/xiaomis-12s-ultra-shoots-beautiful-hdr-videos/ |access-date=2022-07-13 |website=Videomaker |language=en-US}}{{Cite web |title=Xiaomi × Leica Strategic Partnership in Imaging Technology |url=https://www.mi.com/global/discover/article?id=2731 |access-date=2022-07-13 |website=Mi Global Home |language=en}}

See also

References

{{Reflist}}

Further reading

  • [https://www.flatpanelshd.com/focus.php?subaction=showfull&id=1602751285 We need to talk about HDR] by Yoeri Geutskens
  • [https://www.itu.int/pub/R-REP-BT.2390 ITU-R Rep. BT.2390 "High dynamic range television for production and international programme exchange"], a report by ITU providing background information on HDR in general, and for the PQ and HLG HDR signal parameters specified in Rec. 2100.

{{Dynamic range color representation}}

Category:Color

Category:Display technology

Category:High dynamic range

Category:ITU-R recommendations

Category:Television technology