Dolby

Dolby Labs was founded by Ray Dolby (1933–2013) in London, England, in 1965.{{Cite book |last1=Welch |first1=Rosanne |title=Technical Innovation in American History: An Encyclopedia of Science and Technology [3 volumes] |last2=Lamphier |first2=Peg A. |publisher=ABC-CLIO |year=2019 |isbn=978-1-61069-094-2 |location=Santa Barbara, CA |pages=47 |language=en}} In the same year, he invented the Dolby Noise Reduction system, a form of audio signal processing for reducing the background hissing sound on cassette tape recordings.{{Cite book |last=Billboard |title=Dolby System's Acceptance Builds Insurmountable Lead |publisher=Nielsen Business Media, Inc. |year=1971 |location=New York |pages=23 |language=en}} His first U.S. patent on the technology was filed in 1969, four years later. The method was first used by Decca Records in the UK.{{cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/ray-dolby-obituary-inventor-whose-noisereduction-technology-transformed-sound-reproduction-8815543.html|title=Ray Dolby obituary: Inventor whose noise-reduction technology transformed sound reproduction |last=Williamson |first=Marcus |author-link=Marcus Williamson |date=13 September 2013|newspaper=The Independent}} After this, other companies began purchasing Dolby’s A301 technology, which was the professional noise reduction system used in recording, motion picture, broadcasting stations and communications networks.{{Cite magazine |date=November 27, 1971 |title=Dolby System's Acceptance Builds Insurmountable Lead |magazine=Billboard |volume=63 |issue=48 |pages=23}} These companies include BBC, Pye, IBC, CBS Studios, RCA, and Granada.{{Cite book |last=Mukharji |first=Aroop |title=Diplomas and Diplomacy: The History of the Marshall Scholarship |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan |year=2016 |isbn=978-1-137-59428-0 |location=New York |pages=122 |language=en}}

He moved the company headquarters to the United States (San Francisco, California) in 1976.{{cite web |url=https://www.dolby.com/us/en/about/history.html| title=50 Years of Innovation – Dolby History | publisher=Dolby Laboratories | access-date=September 14, 2017}} The first product Dolby Labs produced was the Dolby 301 unit which incorporated Type A Dolby Noise Reduction, a compander-based noise reduction system. These units were intended for use in professional recording studios.

Dolby was persuaded by Henry Kloss of KLH to manufacture a consumer version of his noise reduction. Dolby worked more on companding systems and introduced Type B in 1968.

Dolby also sought to improve film sound. As the corporation's history explains:{{citation needed|date=April 2012}}

:Upon investigation, Dolby found that many of the limitations in optical sound stemmed directly from its significantly high background noise. To filter this noise, the high-frequency response of theatre playback systems was deliberately curtailed… To make matters worse, to increase dialogue intelligibility over such systems, sound mixers were recording soundtracks with so much high-frequency pre-emphasis that high distortion resulted.

The first film with Dolby sound was A Clockwork Orange (1971). The company was approached by Stanley Kubrick, who wanted to use Dolby’s noise reduction system to facilitate the film’s extensive mixing.{{Cite book |last=Beck |first=Jay |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iPrICwAAQBAJ&dq=dolby+sound+clockwork+orange&pg=PA166 |title=Designing Sound: Audiovisual Aesthetics in 1970s American Cinema |publisher=Rutgers University Press |year=2016 |isbn=978-0-8135-6413-5 |location=New Brunswick, New Jersey |pages=166 |language=en}} The film went on to use Dolby noise reduction on all pre-mixes and masters, but a conventional optical soundtrack on release prints. Callan (1974) was the first film with a Dolby-encoded optical soundtrack.{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Lt3SYLXBJOAC&q=Callan|last=Sergi|first=Gianluca|page=46|title=The Dolby Era: Film Sound in Contemporary Hollywood|publisher=Manchester University Press|year=2004|isbn=0719070678}} In 1975, Dolby released Dolby Stereo, which included a noise reduction system in addition to more audio channels (Dolby Stereo could actually contain additional center and surround channels matrixed from the left and right). The first film with a Dolby-encoded stereo optical soundtrack was Lisztomania (1975), although this only used an LCR (Left-Center-Right) encoding technique. The first true LCRS (Left-Center-Right-Surround) soundtrack was encoded on the movie A Star Is Born in 1976. In less than ten years, 6,000 cinemas worldwide were equipped to use Dolby Stereo sound. Dolby reworked the system slightly for home use and introduced Dolby Surround, which only extracted a surround channel, and the more impressive Dolby Pro Logic, which was the domestic equivalent of the theatrical Dolby Stereo.{{cite web|title=Star Wars and the Explosion of Dolby Stereo - Tested.com|url=http://www.tested.com/starwars/460476-star-wars-and-explosion-dolby-stereo/|website=Tested}} In 2005, Dolby's stereo 4-channel optical theater surround was inducted into the TECnology Hall of Fame, an honor given to "products and innovations that have had an enduring impact on the development of audio technology."{{cite web|title=TECnology Hall of Fame, 2005|url=http://legacy.tecawards.org/tec/05TECnologyHOFdetails.html|website=TECawards.org|date=2005|access-date=December 12, 2024}}

Dolby developed a digital surround sound compression scheme for the cinema. Dolby Stereo Digital (now simply called Dolby Digital) was first featured on the 1992 film Batman Returns. Introduced to the home theater market as Dolby AC-3 with the 1995 laserdisc release of Clear and Present Danger, the format did not become widespread in the consumer market, partly because of extra hardware that was necessary to make use of it, until it was adopted as part of the DVD specification. Dolby Digital is now found in the HDTV (ATSC) standard of the United States, DVD players, and many satellite-TV and cable-TV receivers.

Dolby developed a digital surround sound compression scheme for the TV series The Simpsons.{{citation needed|date=April 2012}}

On February 17, 2005, the company became public, offering its shares on the New York Stock Exchange, under the symbol DLB. On March 15, 2005, Dolby celebrated its 40th anniversary at the ShoWest 2005 Festival in San Francisco.{{citation needed|date=April 2012}}

On January 8, 2007, Dolby announced the arrival of Dolby Volume at the International Consumer Electronics Show.{{cite web |url=https://arstechnica.com/uncategorized/2007/01/8654/ |title=Dolby to turn volume down on loud commercials |author=Jacqui Cheng |date=18 January 2007 |work=Ars Technica}}

On June 18, 2010, Dolby introduced Dolby Surround 7.1, which added two rear surround channels to the 5.1 format. The first film to be released in this format was Pixar's Toy Story 3.

In April 2012, Dolby introduced Dolby Atmos, a new cinema technology adding overhead sound, first applied in Pixar's motion picture Brave.{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-17840821 | title=Pixar's Brave to debut new Dolby Atmos sound system | publisher=BBC | work=BBC News | date=25 April 2012 | access-date=2012-04-26}} In July 2014, Dolby Laboratories announced plans to bring Atmos to home theater. The first television show to use the technology on disc was Game of Thrones.

On February 24, 2014, Dolby acquired Doremi Labs for $92.5 million in cash plus an additional $20 million in contingent consideration that may be earned over a four-year period.{{cite web |url=http://investor.dolby.com/releasedetail.cfm?ReleaseID=827738 |title=Dolby Signs Agreement to Acquire Doremi Labs |publisher=Dolby.com |date=2014-02-24 |access-date=2014-02-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140315081110/http://investor.dolby.com/releasedetail.cfm?ReleaseID=827738 |archive-date=March 15, 2014 |url-status=dead }}

In May 2015, Dolby reopened Vine Theatre as a 70-seat showcase theater, known as Dolby @ Vine or Dolby Screening Room Hollywood Vine.{{Cite web |accessdate=July 17, 2024 |title=Vine Theatre |url=https://cinematreasures.org/theaters/431 |website=cinematreasures.org |language=en}}{{Cite web |accessdate=July 17, 2024 |title=Hollywood Boulevard Entertainment District |author=Mike Hume |url=https://www.historictheatrephotos.com/Theatre/Hollywood-Entertainment-District-Los-Angeles.aspx |website=historictheatrephotos.com |language=en}}{{Cite web |accessdate=July 17, 2024 |title=Dolby screening room Hollywood Vine |url=https://professional.dolby.com/contact-us/dolby-screening-room-vine/ |publisher=Dolby Laboratories, Inc. |language=en}}

In May 2019, Dolby added Dolby Atmos to hundreds of newer songs in the music industry.{{cite magazine |url=https://www.billboard.com/pro/universal-music-group-dolby-atmos-sound-mixing/ |title=Universal Music Group Looks to the Future of Sound Mixing With Dolby Atmos |magazine=Billboard |date=23 May 2019 |author=Chris Eggersten |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220406230707/https://www.billboard.com/pro/universal-music-group-dolby-atmos-sound-mixing/ |archive-date=6 April 2022}}

In May 2020, Dolby launched a developer platform, [https://dolby.io Dolby.io], aimed at providing developers self-service access to Dolby technologies through public APIs. It allows any person, organization, small and big, to integrate in their websites, apps, games, etc. features such as media enhancements and transcoding, spatial audio, high-quality video communication and low-latency streaming.{{cite web |url=https://techcrunch.com/2020/05/12/dolby-launches-dolby-io-its-new-self-service-developer-platform/ |title=Dolby launches Dolby.io, its new self-service developer platform |date=12 May 2020 |author=Frederic Lardinois}}

In May 2025, BBC Radio 4 broadcast Surrounded by Sound: Ray Dolby and the Art of Noise Reduction to mark Dolby Laboratories' 60th anniversary. This included interviews with his widow Dagmar and two of the first Dolby sound engineers, David Robinson and Ioan Allen (who still worked at the company), and Crimson Tide and Armageddon sound designer Midge Costin. A version of the programme was made in binaural sound.{{Cite web |title=BBC Radio 4 - Artworks, Surrounded by Sound: Ray Dolby and the Art of Noise Reduction (Binaural Version) |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/m002bswq |access-date=2025-05-06 |website=BBC |language=en-GB}}

• Dolby A: professional noise reduction systems for analog reel-to-reel tape and cassettes.
• Dolby NR/B/C/S: consumer noise reduction systems for tapes and analog cassettes.
• Dolby SR (Spectral Recording): professional four-channel noise reduction system in use since 1986, which improves the dynamic range of analog recordings and transmissions by as much as 25 dB. Dolby SR is utilized by recording and post-production engineers, broadcasters, and other audio professionals. It is also the benchmark in analog film sound, being included today on nearly all 35 mm film prints. On films with digital soundtracks, the SR track is used in cinemas not equipped for digital playback, and it serves as a backup in case of problems with the digital track.
• Dolby FM: noise reduction system for FM broadcast radio. Dolby FM was tried by a few radio stations starting with WFMT in 1971. It used Dolby B, combined with 25 microsecond pre-emphasis. A small number of models of tuners and receivers were offered with the necessary decoder built in. In addition, a few cassette deck models appeared that allowed the deck's internal Dolby B decoder to be put in the line level pass-through path, permitting its use with Dolby FM broadcasts. The system was not successful and was on the decline by 1974.
• Dolby HX Pro: single-ended system used on high-end tape recorders to increase headroom. The recording bias is lowered as the high-frequency component of the signal being recorded increases, and vice versa. It does nothing to the actual audio that is being recorded, and it does not require a special decoder. Any HX Pro recorded tape will have, in theory, better sound on any deck.
• Dolby Advanced Audio: Dolby surround sound, locking preferred volume level, optimizes audio performance for specific PC models and lets turning up the volume to the built-in speakers without distorting the sound.{{cite web|url=http://www.dolby.com/us/en/technologies/dolby-advanced-audio-v2.html|title=Dolby Advanced Audio v2|website=www.dolby.com}}

• Dolby Surround
• Dolby Digital (also known as AC-3) is a lossy audio compression format. It supports channel configurations from mono up to six discrete channels (referred to as "5.1"). This format first allowed and popularized surround sound. It was first developed for movie theater sound and spread to Laserdisc and DVD. It has been adopted in many broadcast formats including all North American digital television (ATSC), DVB-T, direct broadcast satellite, cable television, DTMB, IPTV, and surround sound radio services. It is also part of both the Blu-ray and the now-defunct HD DVD standards. Dolby Digital is used to enable surround sound output by most video game consoles. Several personal computers support converting all audio to Dolby Digital for output.
• Dolby Digital EX: introduces a matrix-encoded center rear surround channel to Dolby Digital for 6.1 channel output.{{cite web |url=http://www.dolby.com/consumer/understand/playback/dolby-digital-ex.html |title=Dolby Digital EX |publisher=Dolby.com |access-date=2012-04-26 |archive-date=October 10, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111010045840/http://www.dolby.com/consumer/understand/playback/dolby-digital-ex.html |url-status=dead }} This center-rear channel is often split to two rear back speakers for 7.1 channel output.
• Dolby Digital Plus (also known as E-AC-3) is a lossy audio codec based on Dolby Digital that is backward compatible, but more advanced. The DVD Forum has selected Dolby Digital Plus as a standard audio format for HD DVD video. It supports data rates up to 6 Mbit/s, an increase from Dolby Digital's 640 kbit/s maximum. On Blu-ray, Dolby Digital Plus is implemented differently, as a legacy 640 kbit/s Dolby Digital stream plus an additional stream to expand the surround sound, with a total bandwidth of approximately 1.7 Mbit/s. Dolby Digital Plus is also optimized for limited data-rate environments such as Digital broadcasting.
• Dolby Digital Live is a real-time hardware encoding technology for interactive media such as video games. It converts any audio signals on a PC or game console into the 5.1-channel Dolby Digital format and transports it via a single S/PDIF cable.{{cite web |url=http://www.dolby.com/consumer/understand/playback/dolby-digital-live.html |title=Dolby Digital Live |publisher=Dolby.com |access-date=2012-04-26 |archive-date=October 10, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111010051951/http://www.dolby.com/consumer/understand/playback/dolby-digital-live.html |url-status=dead }} A similar technology known as DTS Connect is available from competitor DTS.
• Image:Dolby-E Hardware.jpg Dolby E: professional coding system optimized for the distribution of surround and multichannel audio through digital two-channel post-production and broadcasting infrastructures, or for recording surround audio on two audio tracks of conventional digital video tapes, video servers, communication links, switchers, and routers. The Dolby E signal does not reach viewers at home. It is transcoded to Dolby Digital at a lower data rate for final DTV transmission.
• Dolby Stereo (also known as Stereo A): original analog optical technology developed for 35 mm prints and is encoded with four sound channels: Left/Center/Right (which are located behind the screen) and Surround (which is heard over speakers on the sides and rear of the theatre) for ambient sound and special effects. This technology also employs A-type or SR-type noise reduction, listed above with regards to analog cassette tapes. See also Dolby Surround
• Dolby TrueHD: Offers bit-for-bit sound reproduction identical to the studio master. Over seven full-range 24-bit/96 kHz discrete channels are supported (plus an LFE channel, making it 7.1 surround) along with the HDMI interface. Theoretically, Dolby TrueHD can support more channels, but this number has been limited to 8 for HD DVD and Blu-ray Disc.
• Dolby Pulse: released in 2009, it is identical to the HE-AAC v2 codec except for the addition of Dolby metadata, which is common for Dolby's other digital audio codecs. This metadata "ensures consistency of broadcast quality."{{cite web |url=http://www.ebu.ch/en/technical/trev/trev_2008-Q3_dolby-pulse.pdf |title=Dolby Pulse - combining the merits of Dolby Digital and HE-AAC |access-date=2008-12-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100601182754/http://www.ebu.ch/en/technical/trev/trev_2008-Q3_dolby-pulse.pdf |archive-date=2010-06-01 |url-status=dead }}
• Dolby AC-4 is a lossy audio compression format that can contain audio channels and/or audio objects.
• Dolby Atmos is a suite of technologies for immersive audio having both horizontal and vertical sound placement, using a combination of channel and object-based mixing and delivery. It was first introduced in cinemas with Brave (2012 film). The first game released with Dolby Atmos audio was Star Wars Battlefront (2015 video game). The means of delivering the channels and objects differ given the technical limitations across different media, and the target platform. Dolby Atmos is not a codec; on the consumer market, pre-recorded Dolby Atmos is delivered as an extension to a Dolby TrueHD, Dolby Digital Plus, or Dolby AC-4 stream.

File:Dolby system A-type decoder (6498622501).jpg

• Dolby Headphone: an implementation of virtual surround, simulating 5.1 surround sound in a standard pair of stereo headphones.{{cite web |url=http://www.dolby.com/consumer/understand/enhancement/dolby-headphone.html |title=Dolby Headphone with 5.1 Surround Sound Stereo |publisher=Dolby.com |access-date=2012-04-26 |archive-date=October 10, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111010061748/http://www.dolby.com/consumer/understand/enhancement/dolby-headphone.html |url-status=dead }}
• Dolby Virtual Speaker: simulates 5.1 surround sound in a setup of two standard stereo speakers.
• Dolby Surround, Dolby Pro Logic, Dolby Pro Logic II, Dolby Pro Logic IIx, and Dolby Pro Logic IIz: these decoders expand sound to a greater number of channels. All can decode surround sound that has been matrixed into two channels; some can expand surround sound to a greater number of speakers than the original source material. See the referenced articles for more details on each decoder.
• Audistry: sound enhancement technologies.{{cite web|url=http://www.audistry.com/files/audistry_technicalwhitepaper.pdf |title=Dolby Laboratories - Sound Technology, Imaging Technology, Voice Technology |publisher=Audistry.com |access-date=2012-04-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070829024715/http://www.audistry.com/files/audistry_technicalwhitepaper.pdf |archive-date=2007-08-29 |url-status=dead }}
• Dolby Volume: reduces volume level changes.{{cite web |url=http://www.dolby.com/consumer/understand/volume/dolby-volume.html |title=Dolby Volume |publisher=Dolby.com |access-date=2012-04-26 |archive-date=June 23, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110623122830/http://www.dolby.com/consumer/understand/volume/dolby-volume.html |url-status=dead }}
• Dolby Mobile: A version of Dolby's surround sound technology specifically designed for mobile phones, notably the HTC Desire HD, LG Arena and LG Renoir.
• Dolby Audio Plug-in for Android: An API packaged as a Java Library that allows Android Developers to take advantage of Dolby Digital Plus Technology embedded into mobile and tablet devices, notably the Fire HD, Fire HDX, and Samsung Galaxy Tab 3 series.
• Dolby Voice: Hardware and software products for enterprise-level web conferencing.{{cite web |title=Dolby Voice Overview |url=https://www.dolby.com/us/en/brands/dolby-voice.html |website=Dolby.com |access-date=December 12, 2019 |language=en}}

• Dolby Contrast provides enhanced image contrast to LCD screens with LED backlight units by means of local dimming.{{cite web |url=http://investor.dolby.com/ReleaseDetail.cfm?ReleaseID=284934 |title= Dolby Debuts New Video Technologies at International CES 2008 |publisher= Dolby press release |access-date= 2008-03-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080417163550/http://investor.dolby.com/ReleaseDetail.cfm?ReleaseID=284934 |archive-date= 2008-04-17 |url-status= dead }}
• Perceptual Quantizer (PQ),{{cite book |url=https://www.dolby.com/us/en/technologies/dolby-vision/dolby-vision-whitepaper-an-introduction-to-dolby-vision.pdf |title= An Introduction to Dolby Vision |work= Dolby Vision |year= 2016 |publisher= Dolby Laboratories }} published by SMPTE as SMPTE ST 2084, is a transfer function that allows for the display of high dynamic range (HDR) video with a luminance level of up to 10,000{{nbs}}cd/m² and can be used with the Rec. 2020 color space.{{cite news |title=HPA Tech Retreat 2014 – Day 4 |author=Adam Wilt |publisher=DV Info Net |url=http://www.dvinfo.net/article/trip_reports/hpa-tech-retreat-2014-day-4.html |date=2014-02-20 |access-date=2014-11-05}}{{cite news |title=ST 2084:2014 |publisher=Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers |url=http://standards.smpte.org/content/978-1-61482-829-7/st-2084-2014/SEC1 |access-date=2015-09-21}}{{cite news |title=HDR Special Report: SMPTE Standards Director: No HDR Format War, Yet |author=Chris Tribbey |publisher=MESA |url=http://mesalliance.org/blog/me-daily/2015/07/10/smpte-standards-director-no-hdr-format-war-yet/ |date=2015-07-10 |access-date=2015-09-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150913044219/http://mesalliance.org/blog/me-daily/2015/07/10/smpte-standards-director-no-hdr-format-war-yet/ |archive-date=2015-09-13 |url-status=dead }}{{cite news |title=Colorist Stephen Nakamura on Grading Tomorrowland in HDR |author=Bryant Frazer |publisher=studiodaily |url=http://www.studiodaily.com/2015/06/colorist-stephen-nakamura-grading-tomorrowland-dolby-vision/ |date=2015-06-09 |access-date=2015-09-21 |archive-date=September 13, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150913064202/http://www.studiodaily.com/2015/06/colorist-stephen-nakamura-grading-tomorrowland-dolby-vision/ |url-status=dead }} On August 27, 2015, the Consumer Electronics Association announced the HDR10 Media Profile which uses the Rec. 2020 color space, SMPTE ST 2084, and a bit depth of 10-bits.{{cite news |title=What Makes a TV HDR-Compatible? The CEA Sets Guidelines |publisher=Big Picture Big Sound |author=Rachel Cericola |url=http://www.bigpicturebigsound.com/What-Makes-a-TV-HDR-Compatible-The-CEA-Sets-Guidelines.shtml |date=2015-08-27 |access-date=2015-09-21}} On August 2, 2016, Microsoft released the Windows 10 Anniversary Update, which supports the HDR10 format with PQ (ST 2084) transfer function and Rec.2020 color space.{{cite web|url=https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/mt742103(v=vs.85).aspx|title=High Dynamic Range and Wide Color Gamut (Windows)|website=msdn.microsoft.com}}
• Dolby Vision is a content mastering and delivery format similar to the HDR10 media profile. It supports both high dynamic range (HDR) and wide color gamut (ITU-R Rec. 2020 and 2100) at all stages from content creation and production to transmission and playback. Dolby Vision includes the Perceptual Quantizier (SMPTE ST-2084) electro-optical transfer function and supports displays with up to 10,000-nit maximum brightness (4,000-nit in practice). It also provides up to 8K resolution and color depth of up to 12-bits (backwards compatible with current 8-bit and 10-bit displays).{{cite web |title=Dolby Vision |author=Dolby Laboratories |url=http://www.dolby.com/us/en/technologies/dolby-vision/dolby-vision-white-paper.pdf |access-date=2016-08-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150221015948/http://www.dolby.com/us/en/technologies/dolby-vision/dolby-vision-white-paper.pdf |archive-date=2015-02-21 |url-status=dead }} Dolby Vision can encode mastering display colorimetry information using static metadata (SMPTE ST 2086) and dynamic metadata (SMPTE ST 2094-10, Dolby format) for each scene or frame of a video.{{cite news |url=https://www.smpte.org/sites/default/files/2017-01-12-ST-2094-Borg-V2-Handout.pdf |title=SMPTE ST 2094 and Dynamic Metadata |publisher=Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers |access-date=2017-01-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202043518/https://www.smpte.org/sites/default/files/2017-01-12-ST-2094-Borg-V2-Handout.pdf |archive-date=2017-02-02 |url-status=dead }} Examples of Ultra HD (UHD) Dolby Vision are available in TV, monitor, mobile devices and theater. Dolby Vision content can be delivered on Ultra HD Blu-ray discs,{{cite news |title=Ultra HD Blu-ray arrives March 2016; here's everything we know |author=Caleb Denison |publisher=Digital Trends |url=http://www.digitaltrends.com/home-theater/ultra-hd-blu-ray-specs-dates-and-titles/ |date=2016-01-28 |access-date=2016-07-27}}{{cite news |title=Hands On First Look: Samsung UBD-K8500 Ultra HD Blu-ray Player |author=Michael S. Palmer |publisher=High-Def Digest |url=http://www.highdefdigest.com/news/show/Samsung/ultra-hd-bluray/4K/UHD/hdr/hands-on-first-look-samsung-ubdk8500-ultra-hd-bluray-player/29748 |date=2016-02-10 |access-date=2016-07-27}} over conventional broadcasting, OTT, and online streaming media services.{{cite web |url=http://www.dolby.com/us/en/technologies/dolby-vision.html |title=Dolby Vision |publisher=Dolby.com |access-date=2012-04-26 |archive-date=April 18, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150418071106/http://www.dolby.com/us/en/technologies/dolby-vision.html |url-status=dead }} Dolby Vision metadata can be carried via HDMI interface versions 1.4b and above.{{cite web|url=http://yoeri.geutskens.com/blog/dolby-vision-faq.html#HDMI-version|title=Dolby Vision FAQ|website=yoeri.geutskens.com}} It also supports IPTPQc2 color space, that is similar to ICtCp. Dolby Vision IQ is an update designed to optimize Dolby Vision content according to the brightness of the room.{{Cite web|last=January 2020|first=Becky Roberts 22|title=Dolby Vision IQ: everything you need to know|url=https://www.whathifi.com/advice/dolby-vision-iq-everything-you-need-to-know|access-date=2020-08-19|website=whathifi|language=en}}
• ICtCp provides an improved color representation that is designed for high dynamic range (HDR) and wide color gamut (WCG).{{cite news |title=ICtCp Dolby White Paper |publisher=Dolby |url=http://www.dolby.com/us/en/technologies/dolby-vision/ICtCp-white-paper.pdf |access-date=2016-04-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160508234602/http://www.dolby.com/us/en/technologies/dolby-vision/ICtCp-white-paper.pdf |archive-date=2016-05-08 |url-status=live }} An improved constant luminance is an advantage for color processing operations such as chroma subsampling and gamut mapping where only color information is changed. ICtCp is based on a modification of IPT called ICaCb.{{cite news |title=Encoding Color Difference Signals for High Dynamic Range and Wide Gamut Imagery |author=Jan Froehlich |author2=Timo Kunkel |author3=Robin Atkins |author4=Jaclyn Pytlarz |author5=Scott Daly |author6=Andreas Schilling |author7=Bernd Eberhardt |publisher=Society for Imaging Sciences and Technology |url=https://www.hdm-stuttgart.de/~froehlichj/ICaCb/CIC23_Jan-Froehlich_ColorDifferenceEncoding.pdf |date=2015-10-18 |access-date=2016-08-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160828212330/https://www.hdm-stuttgart.de/~froehlichj/ICaCb/CIC23_Jan-Froehlich_ColorDifferenceEncoding.pdf |archive-date=2016-08-28 |url-status=live }}

File:Dolby Laboratories Screening Rooms on Alameda Avenue in Burbank, California 20220619 102317 2 copy.jpg

• Dolby Digital Cinema{{cite web |url=http://www.dolby.com/consumer/understand/cinema/dolby-digital-cinema.html |title=Dolby Digital Cinema |publisher=Dolby.com |access-date=2012-04-26 |archive-date=October 10, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111010062735/http://www.dolby.com/consumer/understand/cinema/dolby-digital-cinema.html |url-status=dead }}
• Dolby Surround 7.1,{{cite web|url=https://professional.dolby.com/tv/dolby-surround-7.1/ |title=Dolby Surround 7.1 |publisher=Dolby.com |access-date=2020-11-11}} first introduced theatrically with Toy Story 3, in 2010.
• Dolby 3D[http://www.dolby.com/consumer/technology/dolby-3d.html Dolby 3D Movie Technology] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090708023900/http://www.dolby.com/consumer/technology/dolby-3d.html|date=July 8, 2009}}. professional.Dolby.com. Retrieved on 2013-12-09.
• Dolby Atmos[http://www.dolby.com/us/en/professional/technology/cinema/dolby-atmos.html Content Creators, Distributors, Exhibitors: Introducing Dolby Atmos™] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140327140609/http://www.dolby.com/us/en/professional/technology/cinema/dolby-atmos.html |date=March 27, 2014 }}. Dolby.com. Retrieved on 2013-12-09.
• Dolby Cinema, a premium cinema concept developed by Dolby Laboratories as a direct competitor to IMAX.[http://www.dolby.com/us/en/platforms/dolby-cinema.html Dolby Cinema the Total Cinema Experience]. Dolby.com Retrieved on 2014-12-17.

• Dolby Lake Processor{{cite web|url=http://www.dolby.com/uploadedFiles/zz-_Shared_Assets/English_PDFs/Professional/dolby-lake-processor-operating-specifications.pdf |title=Dolby Lake Processor |access-date=2012-04-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081121173425/http://www.dolby.com/uploadedFiles/zz-_Shared_Assets/English_PDFs/Professional/dolby-lake-processor-operating-specifications.pdf |archive-date=2008-11-21 |url-status=dead }} - as of 2009, all Lake products are owned by Lab Gruppen.{{cite web|url=http://labgruppen.com/about/about-lake |title=About Lake}}

Over the years Dolby has introduced several surround sound systems. Their differences are explained below.

{{Further|ATSC standards|Grand Alliance (HDTV)}}

Dolby Digital AC-3 is used as the audio codec for the ATSC standards, though it was standardized as A/52 by the ATSC. It allows the transport of up to five channels of sound with a sixth channel for low-frequency effects (the so-called "5.1" configuration). In contrast, Japanese ISDB HDTV broadcasts use MPEG's Advanced Audio Coding (AAC) as the audio codec, which also allows 5.1 audio output. DVB allows both.

MPEG-2 audio was a contender for the ATSC standard during the "Grand Alliance" shootout, but lost out to Dolby AC-3. The Grand Alliance issued a statement finding the MPEG-2 system to be "essentially equivalent" to Dolby, but only after the Dolby selection had been made. Later, a story emerged that MIT had entered into an agreement with Dolby whereupon the university would be awarded a large sum of money if the MPEG-2 system was rejected. Dolby also offered an incentive for Zenith to switch their vote (which they did); however, it is unknown whether they accepted the offer.{{citation |url=http://tech.mit.edu/V122/PDF/N54.pdf |title=MIT Getting Millions For Digital TV Deal |author=Keith J. Winsteln |work=The Tech |publisher=Massachusetts Institute of Technology |date=November 8, 2002 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090326004942/http://tech.mit.edu/V122/PDF/N54.pdf |archive-date=March 26, 2009 |df=mdy-all }}

• CX (analog noise reduction competitor)
• dbx (analog noise reduction competitor)
• High Com (analog noise reduction competitor)
• DTS (digital soundspace competitor)
• Meridian Lossless Packing (lossless coding for DVD-Audio)
• SRS Labs (surround sound competitor)
• Beats Audio (digital soundspace competitor)
• Sony Dynamic Digital Sound (digital soundspace competitor)
• Dolby Theatre
• THX

{{reflist}}

• {{Official website|https://www.dolby.com}}

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