ichinomiya
{{Short description|Shinto shrine with the highest rank in a province}}
{{italic title}}
{{about|the first-tier Shinto shrines}}
File:Zenkoku-ichinomiya.jpg listing all the Ichimomiya]]
{{Shinto}}
{{nihongo|Ichinomiya|一宮||extra= also {{lang|ja|一の宮}} or {{lang|ja|一之宮}}; first shrine}} is a Japanese historical term referring to the Shinto shrines with the highest rank in a province. Shrines of lower rank were designated {{nihongo||二宮|ninomiya|second}}, {{nihongo||三宮|sannomiya|third}}, {{nihongo||四宮|shinomiya|fourth}}, and so forth.Encyclopedia of Shinto, [http://eos.kokugakuin.ac.jp/modules/xwords/entry.php?entryID=1120 Ichi no miya]; retrieved 2013-5-14.
The term gave rise to modern place names, such as the city of Ichinomiya, Aichi, named after Masumida Shrine in the former Owari Province.
Overview
The term "Ichinomiya" literally means "first shrine" and is popularly regarded as the highest ranking shrine in each province. The second ranking shrine is referred to as the "Ninomiya" and third ranking shrine as "Sannomiya", and so on. However, there is no documentary material stipulating on how the shrines in each province are to be ranked, or even when this ranking system was created. As a general rule, all shrines designated "Ichinomiya" are of ancient origin and are listed in the Engishiki records completed in 927AD.{{cite book |last1=Shibuya |first1=Nobuhiro |title=Shokoku jinja Ichinomiya Ninomiya San'nomiya |date=2015 |publisher= Yamakawa shuppansha |isbn=4634150867 |language=Japanese}}{{cite book |last1=Yoshiki |first1=Emi |title=Zenkoku `Ichinomiya' tettei gaido |date=2007 |publisher=PHP Institute |isbn=4569669301 |language=Japanese}}{{cite book |last1=Okada |first1=Shoji |title=Taiyō no chizuchō 24 zenkoku `Ichinomiya' meguri |date=2014 |publisher=Heibonsha |isbn=4582945619 |language=Japanese}}
However, the shrine selected is not necessarily the largest, or oldest, in that province, and is not necessarily one of the "Myojin Taisha", which are regarded as the most important shrines. Rather, per the Ritsuryō legal and administrative system established in the Nara period, kokushi were appointed as imperial governors of each province. When the kokushi travelled from Heian-kyo to his local seat at the provincial capital, the first shrine he called upon officially in his province was the "ichinomiya".{{cite book |last1=Shibuya |first1=Nobuhiro |title=Shokoku jinja Ichinomiya Ninomiya San'nomiya |date=2015 |publisher= Yamakawa shuppansha |isbn=4634150867 |language=Japanese}}{{cite book |last1=Yoshiki |first1=Emi |title=Zenkoku `Ichinomiya' tettei gaido |date=2007 |publisher=PHP Institute |isbn=4569669301 |language=Japanese}}{{cite book |last1=Okada |first1=Shoji |title=Taiyō no chizuchō 24 zenkoku `Ichinomiya' meguri |date=2014 |publisher=Heibonsha |isbn=4582945619 |language=Japanese}}
As the purpose of this visit was to announce to the local kami of his appointment to office, it was important that this shrine be dedicated to important local deities and to be located close to the provincial capital. Even after the collapse of the Ritsuryō system by the Kamakura period, the ichinomiya continued to enjoy a certain prestige, and often after all vestiges of the provincial capital had fallen into ruins and its exact location lost, the term "Ichinomiya" was often preserved as a place name.{{cite book |last1=Shibuya |first1=Nobuhiro |title=Shokoku jinja Ichinomiya Ninomiya San'nomiya |date=2015 |publisher= Yamakawa shuppansha |isbn=4634150867 |language=Japanese}}{{cite book |last1=Yoshiki |first1=Emi |title=Zenkoku `Ichinomiya' tettei gaido |date=2007 |publisher=PHP Institute |isbn=4569669301 |language=Japanese}}{{cite book |last1=Okada |first1=Shoji |title=Taiyō no chizuchō 24 zenkoku `Ichinomiya' meguri |date=2014 |publisher=Heibonsha |isbn=4582945619 |language=Japanese}}
Tachibana Mitsuyoshi, a noted Shinto scholar in the early Edo Period, visited ichinomiya nationwide for 23 years starting 1675, and wrote the record of his travels in a 13 volume account. This began the popularization of pilgrimages by the common populace to these shrines. Under State Shinto, the ichinomiya were not accorded any special status. Many were accorded high ranks under the Modern system of ranked Shinto shrines.
= Rivalry =
While there can be only one "first shrine" in each province, several provinces have various rival candidates for the title. This has arisen for various reasons: relocation of the provincial capital can result in a new ichinomiya being appointed. In some cases, the merger of two provinces can result in two ichinomiya for the new province. In other cases, due to the ambiguity in the criteria for ichinomiya designation and due to conflicting ancient records, rival claimants have arisen.
Shrines
class="wikitable"
! rowspan="2" | Region | rowspan="2" | Province | colspan="2" | Shrine | rowspan="2" | Location
! colspan="3" |Shrine ranking |
Name || Kanji
!Modern !Beppyo? | |||
---|---|---|---|
rowspan="5" | Kinai
| {{lang|ja|賀茂神社}} |Yes | |||
Yamato
| {{lang|ja|大神神社}} |Yes | |||
Kawachi
| {{lang|ja|枚岡神社}} |Yes | |||
Izumi
| {{lang|ja|大鳥大社}} | Sakai, Osaka |Yes | |||
Settsu
| {{lang|ja|住吉大社}} | Osaka, Osaka |Yes | |||
rowspan="21" | Tōkaidō
| Iga | {{lang|ja|敢国神社}} | | | | |||
rowspan="2" | Ise
| {{lang|ja|椿大神社}} | Suzuka, Mie | | | | |||
Tsubaki Shrine / Nakato Shrine
| {{lang|ja|都波岐神社・奈加等神社}} | Suzuka, Mie | | |No | |||
rowspan="2" | Shima
| {{lang|ja|伊雑宮}} | Shima, Mie | | |No | |||
Izawa Shrine
| {{lang|ja|伊射波神社}} | Toba, Mie | | | | |||
Owari
| {{lang|ja|真清田神社}} | Ichinomiya, Aichi | | | | |||
Mikawa
| {{lang|ja|砥鹿神社}} | Toyokawa, Aichi | | | | |||
rowspan="2" | Tōtōmi
| {{lang|ja|事任八幡宮}} | | |No | |||
Oguni Shrine
| {{lang|ja|小国神社}} | Shūchi-gun, Shizuoka | | | | |||
Suruga
| {{lang|ja|浅間神社}} | Fujinomiya, Shizuoka | | | | |||
Izu
| {{lang|ja|三嶋大社}} | Mishima, Shizuoka | | | | |||
rowspan="2" | Kai
| Ichinomiya Asama Shrine (Fuefuki) | {{lang|ja|浅間神社}} | | | | |||
Ichinomiya Sengen Shrine
| {{lang|ja|浅間神社}} | | |No | |||
Sagami
| {{lang|ja|寒川神社}} | | | | |||
rowspan="2" | Musashi
| {{lang|ja|氷川神社}} | | | | |||
Ono Shrine
| {{lang|ja|小野神社}} | | |No | |||
rowspan="2" | Awa
| {{lang|ja|安房神社}} | | | | |||
Susaki Shrine
| {{lang|ja|洲崎神社}} | | |No | |||
Kazusa
| {{lang|ja|玉前神社}} | Ichinomiya, Chōsei-gun, Chiba | | | | |||
Shimōsa
| {{lang|ja|香取神宮}} | Katori, Chiba | | | | |||
Hitachi
| {{lang|ja|鹿島神宮}} | | | | |||
rowspan="10" | Tōsandō
| Ōmi | {{lang|ja|建部大社}} | | | | |||
Mino
| {{lang|ja|南宮大社}} | | | | |||
Hida
| {{lang|ja|飛騨一宮水無神社}} | Takayama, Gifu | | | | |||
Shinano
| {{lang|ja|諏訪大社}} | | | | |||
Kōzuke
| {{lang|ja|一之宮貫前神社}} | | | | |||
rowspan="2" | Shimotsuke
| {{lang|ja|日光二荒山神社}} | | | | |||
Utsunomiya Futarayama Shrine
| {{lang|ja|宇都宮二荒山神社}} | Utsunomiya, Tochigi | | |No | |||
rowspan="2" | Mutsu
| {{lang|ja|都都古和気神社}} | Higashishirakawa-gun, Fukushima | | | | |||
Shiogama Shrine
| {{lang|ja|鹽竈神社}} | | | | |||
Dewa
| {{lang|ja|大物忌神社}} | | | | |||
rowspan="12" | Hokurikudō
| Wakasa | {{lang|ja|若狭彦神社}} | | | | |||
Echizen
| {{lang|ja|氣比神宮}} | Tsuruga, Fukui | | | | |||
Kaga
| {{lang|ja|白山比咩神社}} | | | | |||
Noto
| {{lang|ja|気多大社}} | Hakui, Ishikawa | | | | |||
rowspan="4" | Etchū
| {{lang|ja|高瀬神社}} | | |Formerly | |||
Keta Shrine
| {{lang|ja|気多神社}} | Takaoka, Toyama | | |No | |||
Oyama Shrine
| {{lang|ja|雄山神社}} | Nakaniikawa-gun, Toyama | | | | |||
Imizu Shrine
| {{lang|ja|射水神社}} | Takaoka, Toyama | | | | |||
rowspan="3" | Echigo
| {{lang|ja|彌彦神社}} | | | | |||
Kota Shrine
| {{lang|ja|居多神社}} | Jōetsu, Niigata | | |No | |||
Amatsu Shrine
| {{lang|ja|天津神社}} | Itoigawa, Niigata | | |No | |||
Sado
| {{lang|ja|度津神社}} | Sado, Niigata | | | | |||
rowspan="10" | San'indō
| Tamba | {{lang|ja|出雲大神宮}} | | |Formerly | |||
Tango
| {{lang|ja|籠神社}} | | | | |||
rowspan="2" | Tajima
| {{lang|ja|出石神社}} | | | | |||
Awaga Shrine
| {{lang|ja|粟鹿神社}} | Asago, Hyōgo | | |No | |||
Inaba
| {{lang|ja|宇倍神社}} | | | | |||
Hōki
| {{lang|ja|倭文神社}} | Tottori | | | | |||
Izumo
| {{lang|ja|出雲大社}} | | | | |||
Iwami
| {{lang|ja|物部神社}} | Ōda, Shimane | | | | |||
rowspan="2" | Oki
| {{lang|ja|水若酢神社}} | Oki-gun, Shimane | | |Yes | |||
{{ill|Yurahime Shrine|ja|由良比女神社|simple}}
| {{lang|ja|由良比女神社}} | Oki-gun, Shimane | | |No | |||
rowspan="8" | San'yōdō
| Harima | {{lang|ja|伊和神社}} | Shisō, Hyōgo | | | | |||
Mimasaka
| {{lang|ja|中山神社}} | | | | |||
Bizen
| {{lang|ja|吉備津彦神社}} | Okayama, Okayama | | | | |||
Bitchū
| {{lang|ja|吉備津神社}} | Okayama, Okayama | | | | |||
Bingo
| {{lang|ja|吉備津神社}} | | | | |||
Aki
| {{lang|ja|厳島神社}} | Hatsukaichi, Hiroshima | | | | |||
Suō
| {{lang|ja|玉祖神社}} | | |No | |||
Nagato
| {{lang|ja|住吉神社}} | Shimonoseki, Yamaguchi | | | | |||
rowspan="9" | Nankaidō
| rowspan="3" | Kii | {{lang|ja|日前神宮・國懸神宮}} | | | | |||
Niutsuhime Shrine
| {{lang|ja|丹生都比売神社}} | | | | |||
Itakiso Shrine
| {{lang|ja|伊太祁曽神社}} | | | | |||
Awaji
| {{lang|ja|伊弉諾神宮}} | Awaji, Hyōgo | | | | |||
rowspan="2" | Awa
| {{lang|ja|大麻比古神社}} | | | | |||
Ichinomiya Shrine
| {{lang|ja|一宮神社}} | | |No | |||
Sanuki
| {{lang|ja|田村神社}} | | | | |||
Iyo
| {{lang|ja|大山祇神社}} | | | | |||
Tosa
| {{lang|ja|土佐神社}} | | | | |||
rowspan="15" | Saikaidō
| rowspan="2" | Chikuzen | {{lang|ja|住吉神社}} | | | | |||
Hakozaki Shrine
| {{lang|ja|筥崎宮}} | Fukuoka, Fukuoka | | | | |||
Chikugo
| {{lang|ja|高良大社}} | Kurume, Fukuoka | | | | |||
Buzen
| {{lang|ja|宇佐神宮}} | | | | |||
rowspan="2" | Bungo
| {{lang|ja|西寒多神社}} | Ōita, Ōita | | | | |||
Yusuhara Hachiman-gū
| {{lang|ja|柞原八幡宮}} | Ōita, Ōita | | | | |||
rowspan="2" | Hizen
| {{ill|Yodohime Shrine|simple}} | {{lang|ja|河上神社}} | | |No | |||
Chikuri Hachiman-gū
| {{lang|ja|千栗八幡宮}} | Miyaki, Saga | | | | |||
Higo
| {{lang|ja|阿蘇神社}} | | | | |||
Hyūga
| {{lang|ja|都農神社}} | | | | |||
Ōsumi
| {{lang|ja|鹿児島神宮}} | | | | |||
rowspan="2" | Satsuma
| {{lang|ja|枚聞神社}} | Ibusuki, Kagoshima | | | | |||
Nitta Shrine
| {{lang|ja|新田八幡宮}} | Satasumasendai, Kagoshima | | | | |||
Iki
| {{ill|Amanotanagao Shrine|ja|天手長男神社|simple}} | {{lang|ja|天手長男神社}} | | |No | |||
Tsushima
| {{lang|ja|海神神社}} | Tsushima, Nagasaki | | | |
Ninomiya
class="wikitable"
! rowspan="2" |Region ! rowspan="2" |Province ! colspan="2" |Shrine ! rowspan="2" |Location ! colspan="3" |Shrine ranking |
Name
!Engishiki !Modern !Beppyo? |
---|
Kinai
|{{ill|Izumi Anashi Shrine|ja|泉穴師神社}} | | | | | |
rowspan="15" |Tōkaidō
|Ise | | | | | |
Owari
| | | | |Yes |
Mikawa
|{{ill|Chiryu Shrine|ja|知立神社}} | | | | | |
rowspan="2" |Tōtōmi
|{{ill|Mononobe Shrine (Kashiwazaki City)|ja|物部神社 (柏崎市)}} | | | | | |
{{ill|Rokuon Shrine|ja|鹿苑神社}}
| | | | | |
Suruga
|{{ill|Toyosumi Shrine|ja|豊積神社}} | | | | | |
Izu
|{{ill|Asama Shrine (Mishima City)|ja|浅間神社 (三島市)}} | | | | | |
Kai
|{{ill|Miwa Shrine (Fuefuki City)|ja|美和神社 (笛吹市)}} | | | | | |
Sagami
|{{ill|Kawakagi Shrine|ja|川勾神社}} | | | | | |
rowspan="2" |Musashi
| | | | | |
{{ill|Ninomiya Shrine (Akiruno City)|ja|二宮神社 (あきる野市)}}
| | | | | |
Kazusa
|{{ill|Tachibana Shrine (Mobara City)|ja|橘樹神社 (茂原市)}} | | | | | |
rowspan="2" |Shimōsa
|{{ill|Tamazaki Shrine|ja|玉崎神社}} | | | | | |
{{ill|Ninomiya Shrine (Funabashi City)|ja|二宮神社 (船橋市)}}
| | | | | |
Hitachi
|{{ill|Shizumi Shrine|ja|静神社}} | | | | | |
rowspan="6" |Tōsandō
|Ōmi | | | | |Yes |
Mino
|{{ill|Ibuki Shrine|ja|伊富岐神社}} | | | | | |
Shinano
|{{ill|Ono Shrine & Yahiko Shrine|ja|小野神社・矢彦神社}} | | | | | |
Kōzuke
|{{ill|Ninomiya Akagi Shrine|ja|二宮赤城神社}} | | | | | |
Mutsu
| | | | | |
Dewa
|{{Ill|Kinowa Shrine|ja|城輪神社}} | | | | | |
rowspan="3" |Hokurikudō
|{{Interlanguage link|Tsurugi Shrine|ja|劔神社|simple}} | | | | | |
Kaga
|{{Interlanguage link|Sugo Ishibe Shrine|ja|菅生石部神社|simple}} | | | | | |
Noto
|{{ill|Isurugi Hiko Shrine|ja|伊須流岐比古神社}} | | | | | |
rowspan="2" |San'indō
|Hōki | | | | | |
Izumo
| | | | | |
San'yōdō
|Aki | | | | | |
Nankaidō
|{{Ill|Yamato Okunitama Shrine|simple}} | | | | | |
Saikaidō
|Higo |{{ill|Kosa Shrine|ja|甲佐神社}} | | | | | |
= Sannomiya =
class="wikitable"
! rowspan="2" |Region ! rowspan="2" |Province ! colspan="2" |Shrine ! rowspan="2" |Location ! colspan="3" |Shrine ranking |
Name
!Engishiki !Modern !Beppyo? |
---|
Kinai
|{{ill|Hijiri Shrine (Izumi City)|ja|聖神社 (和泉市)}} | | | | | |
rowspan="7" |Tōkaidō
| | | | |Yes |
Mikawa
|{{ill|Sanage Shrine|ja|猿投神社}} | | | | | |
Suruga
|{{ill|Miho Shrine (Shizuoka)|ja|御穂神社}} | | | | | |
Izu
|{{ill|Sengen Shrine (Mishima City)|ja|浅間神社 (三島市)}} | | | | | |
Kai
|{{ill|Tamamoro Shrine|ja|玉諸神社}} | | | | | |
Sagami
|{{ill|Hibita Shrine|ja|比々多神社}} | | | | | |
Hitachi
|{{ill|Yoshida Shrine (Mito City)|ja|吉田神社 (水戸市)}} | | | | | |
rowspan="5" |Tōsandō
|Ōmi | | | | |Yes |
Mino
|{{ill|Tagi Shrine|ja|多岐神社}} | | | | | |
Kōzuke
|{{ill|Sannomiya Shrine (Yoshioka Town)|ja|三宮神社 (吉岡町)}} | | | | | |
Shimotsuke
|{{ill|Murahi Shrine|ja|村檜神社}} | | | | | |
Dewa
|{{Ill|Omoimi Shrine|ja|小物忌神社}} | | | | | |
Hokurikudō
|{{ill|Hakkai Shrine|ja|八海神社}} | | | | | |
San'indō
|{{ill|Mizutani Shrine|ja|水谷神社}} | | | | | |
San'yōdō
|Suō |{{ill|Nikabe Shrine|ja|仁壁神社}} | | | | | |
Saikaidō
|{{ill|Tenzan Shrine|ja|天山神社}} | | | | | |
= Shinomiya =
- Chichibu Shrine - Musashi Province
- {{ill|Ishimaki Shrine|ja|石巻神社}} - Mikawa Province
- {{ill|Kaina Jinja|lt=Kaina Shrine|ja|甲斐奈神社}} - Kai Province, also Soja shrine of the province
- {{ill|Sakitori Shrine|ja|前鳥神社}} - Sagami Province
- {{ill|Tsugawa Shrine|ja|積川神社}} - Izumi Province
=== Gonomiya ===
- {{ill|Hine Shrine|ja|日根神社}} - Izumi Province
- {{ill|Wakaikaho Shrine|ja|若伊香保神社}} - Kōzuke Province
See also
References
{{reflist}}
External links
{{Commons category}}
- [http://www.ichinomiya.gr.jp/ National Association of Ichinomiya website {{in lang|ja}}]
{{Shinto shrines}}
{{Authority control}}